WO2012070465A1 - Dispositif de mesure de rotation optique, système optique de conversion de polarisation pouvant être utilisé pour la mesure de rotation optique, et méthode de mesure de rotation optique dans un système de mesure de rotation optique utilisant ledit système optique de conversion de polarisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure de rotation optique, système optique de conversion de polarisation pouvant être utilisé pour la mesure de rotation optique, et méthode de mesure de rotation optique dans un système de mesure de rotation optique utilisant ledit système optique de conversion de polarisation Download PDF

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WO2012070465A1
WO2012070465A1 PCT/JP2011/076541 JP2011076541W WO2012070465A1 WO 2012070465 A1 WO2012070465 A1 WO 2012070465A1 JP 2011076541 W JP2011076541 W JP 2011076541W WO 2012070465 A1 WO2012070465 A1 WO 2012070465A1
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Prior art keywords
optical
lens
optical fiber
signal light
disposed
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PCT/JP2011/076541
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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博 梶岡
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株式会社グローバルファイバオプティックス
塩野義製薬株式会社
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Publication of WO2012070465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012070465A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14558—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters by polarisation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical rotation measuring apparatus for measuring the optical rotation of a light-scattering specimen such as blood, blood serum, and living body using a polarization conversion optical system, a polarization conversion optical system that can be used for optical rotation measurement, and Regarding an optical rotation measurement method in an optical rotation measurement system using a polarization conversion optical system (hereinafter, an optical rotation measurement method in an optical rotation measurement system is simply referred to as an optical rotation measurement method), for example, a mode matching unit and a defocus polarization conversion optical system Can be used to measure the concentration of carbohydrates in the sample subject to optical rotation, irradiate human blood, serum, fingers, ears, skin, etc. with laser light, and transmit the transmitted and / or reflected light.
  • An optical rotation optical measurement system and an optical fiber optical system that can be used for optical rotation measurement. Polarization conversion optical system as well as to optical rotation measuring method using the optical system.
  • a first method that has been attempted as a method for measuring the glucose concentration in blood is, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, by irradiating a part of a living body such as a finger with infrared laser light and scattering from a blood vessel. This is to measure the concentration of glucose contained in blood by spectrally dividing light. This utilizes the fact that scattered light is reduced in proportion to the glucose concentration.
  • this method has a problem that the light intensity of scattered light depends on temperature, skin moisture, oil components, etc., and is not widely used.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 for example, polarized components orthogonal to each other are propagated in an optical rotatory material and the birefringence is measured in an open loop.
  • a glucose concentration of about 10 mm is measured at a blood glucose level of about 0.1 g / dL (deciliter)
  • the error is large, and a living body such as blood or a finger with large light scattering is used.
  • the glucose concentration cannot be measured at all.
  • the third method is a method of measuring with a birefringence measuring apparatus described in Patent Document 3.
  • a counter collimator optical system is provided in the ring optical path of a ring interferometer made of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, a parallel beam is propagated in the specimen, and the phase difference of both left and right light is measured. Is used to measure the optical rotation of the specimen.
  • glucose in a glass cell having a thickness of about 10 mm can be measured with sufficient accuracy at 0.1 g / dL, which is a blood sugar level of a healthy person.
  • a specimen is placed in a ring optical path of a so-called optical fiber gyro, and collimator light is incident on both directions.
  • the specimen is a pleat at the base of a human thumb and index finger.
  • the insertion loss is 60 dB or more
  • the light reception level is less than the sensitivity of the light receiver, and the phase difference between the left and right light irradiated to the specimen cannot be measured.
  • the core diameter of the conventional polarization-maintaining optical fiber is as small as 4 to 10 ⁇ m when the wavelength of the signal light is 800 nm to 1500 nm. It was because it could not receive light.
  • an optical measuring device that measures the blood concentration of blood collected up to now and the glucose concentration of a living body with high accuracy has not been put into practical use.
  • the reason is that, when laser light is incident on blood or a living body, the scattering generated in the living body is very large, so that the detected light receiving power becomes very small and the glucose concentration cannot be measured with high accuracy. .
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the collected blood and the glucose concentration of a living body can be actually used in a medical field without depending on a reagent.
  • an optical rotation measuring device that can measure in real time with high accuracy and is easy to use, a novel polarization conversion optical system that can be used for optical rotation measurement, and an optical rotation measurement method using the same. There is.
  • each opposing optical fiber should be a collimator optical system whose end face is at the focal position of the lens.
  • this method cannot solve the problems of the present invention.
  • the present invention has been found that, unlike the conventional technical idea, the problem can be solved by using a defocus polarization conversion optical system of a completely new technical idea in which the end face of the optical fiber is shifted from the focal position of the lens. Furthermore, the mode matching unit was incorporated into the polarization conversion optical system, and the coupling loss of the optical system in which a scatterer such as a living body was sandwiched between optical fibers was realized with a low loss that could not be expected in the past, thereby solving the problem. Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below.
  • a first invention as an example of the present invention made to solve the problem (hereinafter referred to as Invention 1) is an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at a tip portion of a sample for optical rotation measurement in an optical path of signal light ( (Hereinafter referred to as “specimen”), and arranged opposite to each other in an optical rotation measurement apparatus that irradiates the specimen with signal light emitted from the optical fiber and measures the optical rotation of the specimen.
  • At least one of the optical fibers in which a lens is disposed at the tip is a single mode optical fiber in which a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber having different core diameters are connected via a mode matching unit
  • the first optical fiber is a small-core-diameter / high-NA (where NA means the numerical aperture) single-mode optical fiber
  • the second optical fiber is a large-core-diameter / low-NA.
  • a single mode optical fiber in which the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are connected via a mode matching unit, the second optical fiber is more on the optical path than the first optical fiber.
  • the lens is used for output and / or input in the vicinity of the end face of the optical fiber close to the sample, which is arranged on the side close to the sample, and the lens is arranged on the tip portion arranged to face the sample. At least one of the optical fibers in which the lens is disposed at the opposite end of the optical fiber is disposed on the optical path of the signal light.
  • the end face is at a position deviating from the focal position of the output lens, and the signal light emitted from the end face of one of the optical fibers in which the lens is disposed at the distal end is While making it incident on the specimen through the force lens, and making the signal light transmitted through the specimen and / or the signal light reflected by the specimen enter the end face of the other optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at the tip,
  • the signal light emitted from the end face of the other optical fiber having a lens disposed at the tip is incident on the sample through the output lens, and is reflected by the signal light transmitted through the sample and / or the sample.
  • a mode matching unit wherein the optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen can be measured by making the signal light incident on the end face of the one optical fiber having a lens disposed at the tip. It is an invention of a defocused optical rotation measuring device.
  • a polarization conversion optical system that exhibits a remarkable effect when used in the optical rotation measurement apparatus and optical rotation measurement method of the present invention uses a mode matching unit in an optical fiber, and the optical rotation of the specimen.
  • the measurement of the optical information related to the specimen is enhanced, and the measurement of the optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen is enhanced using the defocus polarization conversion optical system.
  • both the use of a mode matching unit in the optical fiber and the use of a polarization conversion optical system as a defocus optical system both measure the optical information. Can be increased.
  • the present invention also relates to a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit that uses both a mode matching unit in an optical fiber and a defocus optical system as a polarization conversion optical system.
  • a defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit, the polarization conversion optical system in which the polarization conversion element is disposed in the optical fiber optical system in which the output lens is disposed at the end of the optical fiber is not made a conventional collimated type.
  • a lens is provided at the tip portion.
  • the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber having different core diameters are made to be a single mode optical fiber connected through a mode matching section, thereby exhibiting a particularly remarkable effect.
  • the optical rotation measuring device and the optical rotation measuring method of the present invention can be realized. When a polarization beam as signal light is incident on the polarization plane rotation element of the polarization conversion optical system from one side, the polarization plane of the signal light is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise toward the traveling direction of the signal light.
  • the polarized light beam When the polarized light beam is incident as signal light from the other side of the polarization plane rotating element by rotating it clockwise by a predetermined angle, the polarization plane of the signal light is moved from the one side toward the traveling direction of the signal light.
  • a nonreciprocal polarization plane rotating element that operates to rotate a predetermined angle in the direction opposite to the direction of incidence is used, the effects of the mode matching technique and the defocus technique of the present invention become extremely high.
  • one large core diameter / low NA single-mode optical fiber is disposed at the distal end of the optical path of the signal light with the specimen interposed therebetween, and the lens is disposed at the distal end. It is possible to use the same optical fiber as the optical fiber different from the other large core diameter / low NA single mode optical fiber.
  • a second invention as another example of the present invention developed by developing invention 1 is the defocused optical rotation measuring device including the mode matching section according to invention 1, wherein At least one of the end face of the optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at one tip and the end face of the optical fiber in which the lens is placed at the other tip is more than the focal position of the output lens.
  • the image of the end face of the optical fiber is imaged on the exit surface of the specimen by the output lens (that is, the surface from which the signal light incident on the specimen exits from the optical fiber) at a position far from the optical fiber.
  • a third invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 3) as another example of the present invention developed by developing inventions 1 and 2 is a defocused optical rotation measurement including the mode matching section according to invention 1 or 2.
  • the apparatus at least one of an end surface of one optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the distal end portion and an end surface of the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end portion is more than a focal position of the output portion lens.
  • a defocused optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit, characterized by being in a position close to the output unit lens.
  • a fourth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 4) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1-3 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any of inventions 1-3.
  • the defocused optical rotation measurement device including the mode matching unit includes an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the tip and a part of the optical fiber, and sandwiches the sample.
  • the defocus polarization conversion optical system arranged in the above and the specimen constitute a ring optical path of a ring light interference system, and the optical rotation of the specimen is measured by measuring the phase difference of light propagating in both directions on the ring optical path
  • a fifth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 5) as another example of the present invention developed by developing invention 4 is the defocused optical rotation measuring device including the mode matching section according to invention 4, wherein A defocused optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit propagates polarized light as clockwise signal light and polarized light as counterclockwise signal light to a ring optical path of a ring interference system, and an optical fiber of the ring optical path of the ring interference system The part propagates the polarized light as the clockwise signal light and the polarized light as the counterclockwise signal light in the same intrinsic polarization mode through the same optical fiber as the clockwise signal light and the counterclockwise signal light, respectively, and the specimen part is polarized perpendicular to each other.
  • the ring optical path is configured to propagate the signal light as a clockwise signal light and a counterclockwise signal light, respectively, in the state, and is defocused including a mode matching unit.
  • An invention photometric device An invention photometric device.
  • a sixth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 6) as another example of the present invention developed by developing inventions 1 to 5 is an optical rotation measuring device including the mode matching section according to any one of inventions 1 to 5.
  • at least one of the end surface of the optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the one end portion and the end surface of the optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the other end portion has a distance from the surface of the output portion lens.
  • a seventh invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 7) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1 to 6 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any of inventions 1 to 6.
  • an optical fiber in which a lens is arranged at one tip portion arranged opposite to the specimen in the optical path of signal light, and an optical fiber in which a lens is placed at the other tip portion are arranged.
  • a defocused optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching section characterized by being the same, that is, the same optical fiber.
  • An eighth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 8) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1 to 7 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any of inventions 1 to 7.
  • the defocused optical rotation including a mode matching unit, wherein the tip of the optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at the tip and the output unit lens are fixed to each other It is an invention of a measuring device.
  • a ninth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 9) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1 to 8 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any of inventions 1 to 8.
  • the optical rotation measuring device at least one of an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the one end portion and an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the other end portion has a lens disposed at the distal end portion.
  • At least one of a Faraday rotator, a quarter-wave plate, and a polarizer is disposed between the end face of the optical fiber and the output lens, and is defocused including a mode matching unit. It is an invention of an optical rotation measuring device.
  • a tenth invention as another example of the present invention developed from the first to ninth inventions (hereinafter referred to as the tenth invention) is defocused including the mode matching section according to any one of the first to ninth inventions.
  • the optical rotation measuring device at least one of the one optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end and the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end is disposed at the distal end.
  • At least one of a Faraday rotator, a quarter-wave plate, and a polarizer is disposed between the output lens of the optical fiber and the specimen, and is defocused including a mode matching unit. It is an invention of an optical rotation measuring device.
  • an eleventh invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 11) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1 to 10 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any one of inventions 1 to 10.
  • the mode matching unit is an invention of a defocused optical rotation measurement device including a mode matching unit, wherein one or both of a core expansion fiber and a core reduction fiber is used for the mode matching unit.
  • both the core expansion fiber and the core reduction fiber can be used for the mode matching unit.
  • a twelfth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 12) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1 to 11 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any of inventions 1 to 11.
  • the invention is a defocused optical rotation measurement device including a mode matching unit, which has a mechanism capable of scanning the specimen and / or the polarization conversion optical system in a direction perpendicular to the optical path.
  • a thirteenth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 13) as another example of the invention made by developing inventions 1 to 12 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any of inventions 1 to 12.
  • the sample is a part of a living body
  • the optical rotation measurement device is a part of the detection means for detecting the phase difference of the signal light to measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the sample.
  • a defocused optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit.
  • a fourteenth invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 14) as another example of the present invention made by developing the inventions 1 to 13 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any one of the inventions 1 to 13.
  • the sample is a part of a living body, and the optical rotation measurement device has a measurement terminal that sandwiches a portion for measuring optical information related to the optical rotation of the sample.
  • an invention of defocused optical rotation measuring device comprising a.
  • a fifteenth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 15) as another example of the present invention developed by developing inventions 1 to 14 is defocused including the mode matching section according to any one of inventions 1 to 14.
  • the optical rotation measuring device changing the distance between the output lens of the optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at the one tip and the output lens of the optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at the other tip
  • a defocused optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit, characterized by having an inter-lens distance adjusting means.
  • a sixteenth invention as another example of the present invention developed from the first to fifteenth invention (hereinafter referred to as the sixteenth invention) is defocused including the mode matching section according to any one of the first to fifteenth inventions.
  • the mode matching is characterized in that the wavelength of the light source is in the 1300 nm band, the core diameter of the large core diameter / low NA polarization plane maintaining optical fiber is 40 ⁇ m, and the NA is 0.06 ⁇ 0.01.
  • NA is smaller than 0.05, loss due to bending of the optical fiber increases.
  • it becomes larger than 0.07 the biological body transmission loss due to the spread of the emitted light increases.
  • a seventeenth invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 17) as another example of the present invention made to solve the problem is an optical fiber in which a lens is arranged at the tip portion of the optical fiber of the signal light with the specimen interposed therebetween.
  • a polarization conversion optical system that can be used in an optical rotation measurement system that is disposed opposite to each other, irradiates the specimen with signal light emitted from the optical fiber, and measures the optical rotation of the specimen.
  • An optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the tip of at least one of the polarization conversion optical systems that can be used is formed by connecting a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber having different core diameters via a mode matching unit.
  • the first optical fiber is a small core diameter / high NA single mode optical fiber
  • the second optical fiber is a large core diameter / low NA.
  • a single mode optical fiber in which the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are connected via a mode matching unit, the second optical fiber is more on the optical path than the first optical fiber.
  • the lens is arranged in the optical path of the signal light as an output unit lens in the vicinity of the end surface near the sample of the optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at the tip portion, and is arranged on the side close to the sample.
  • at least one of the optical fibers in which the lens is disposed at the tip portion used to be opposed to the optical rotation measurement system the end surface thereof is out of the focal position of the output lens on the optical path of the signal light.
  • the signal light emitted from the end face of one optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end is made incident on the specimen through the output lens,
  • the optical rotation is arranged such that the signal light transmitted through the specimen and / or the signal light reflected by the specimen can be incident on the end face of the other optical fiber having the output lens disposed at the tip.
  • a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching section, which can be used for measuring optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen by using it in a measurement system.
  • An eighteenth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 18), which is another example of the present invention developed by developing the invention 17, is a defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit according to the invention 17, in which the optical rotation is performed.
  • a defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit according to the invention 17, in which the optical rotation is performed.
  • the image of the end face of the optical fiber is output from the sample by the output lens (that is, the signal light incident on the sample from the optical fiber is output from the sample).
  • the present invention is a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching section, characterized in that it is in a position such that an image is formed on a surface to be imaged.
  • a nineteenth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 18) as another example of the present invention developed by developing inventions 17 and 18 is a defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching section according to invention 17 or 18.
  • at least one of the end surface of the optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the one end portion and the end surface of the optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the other end portion is more than the focal position of the output portion lens.
  • a twentieth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 20) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 19 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 19.
  • the defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit includes an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at a front end portion and a part of the optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the front end portion.
  • the defocus polarization conversion optical system that can be used to measure the optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen by forming a ring optical path of a ring light interference system with the opposed defocus polarization conversion optical system and the specimen It is an invention of a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit.
  • a twenty-first invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 21) as another example of the present invention developed from the invention 20 is the defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit according to the invention 20, in which the ring interference is performed. Propagation of polarized light as clockwise signal light and polarized light as counterclockwise signal light is propagated in the ring optical path of the system, and the optical fiber portion of the ring optical path of the ring interference system is polarized as clockwise signal light and as counterclockwise signal light.
  • Polarization is propagated through the same optical fiber in the same intrinsic polarization mode as clockwise signal light and counterclockwise signal light, respectively, and the specimen portion is polarized light in which the polarization as the clockwise signal light and the polarization as the counterclockwise signal light are orthogonal to each other
  • the polarization conversion optical system is configured to propagate in the state as a clockwise signal light and a counterclockwise signal light, respectively.
  • a twenty-second invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 22) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 21 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 21.
  • a lens is arranged at the tip of one optical fiber and a lens is arranged at the tip when the optical system is used in opposition to measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen in the optical system.
  • the defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit at least one of the end faces of the other optical fiber can be used with a distance of 0.6 mm or less from the surface of the output unit lens. It is an invention.
  • a twenty-third invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 23) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 22 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 22.
  • the same optical fiber as one optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the distal end disposed opposite to the specimen in the optical path of the signal light and the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end. That is, the invention is a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit, characterized in that the same optical fiber can be used.
  • a twenty-fourth invention as another example of the present invention developed from the seventeenth to twenty-third invention includes a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any one of the seventeenth to twenty-third inventions.
  • a twenty-fifth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 25) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 24 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 24.
  • the optical system at least one of the one optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end portion and the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end portion is an end surface of the optical fiber and the output portion lens.
  • At least one of a Faraday rotator, a quarter-wave plate, and a polarizer is disposed therebetween, and this is an invention of a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit.
  • a twenty-sixth invention as another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 17 to 25 includes a defocus optical rotation including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 25.
  • at least one of the one optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end portion and the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end portion is an output portion lens of the optical fiber and the sample.
  • At least one of a Faraday rotator, a quarter-wave plate, and a polarizer is disposed therebetween, and this is an invention of a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit.
  • a twenty-seventh invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 27) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 26 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 26.
  • the optical system one or both of a core expanding fiber and a core reducing fiber is used for the mode matching unit, and the invention is a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit.
  • a twenty-eighth invention as another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 17 to 27 includes a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 27.
  • the present invention is a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit having a mechanism capable of scanning the specimen and / or the polarization conversion optical system in a direction perpendicular to the optical path.
  • a twenty-ninth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 29) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 28 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 28.
  • the specimen is a part of a living body
  • the defocus polarization conversion optical system is a part of the detection means for detecting the phase difference of the signal light to measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen.
  • a thirtieth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 30) as another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 17 to 29 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 29.
  • the specimen is a part of a living body
  • the defocus polarization conversion optical system has a measurement terminal that sandwiches a part for measuring optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen. Is a defocus polarization conversion optical system.
  • a thirty-first invention as another example of the present invention developed from the seventeenth to thirty-third invention includes a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the seventeenth to thirty-third inventions
  • a lens capable of changing a distance between an output lens of one optical fiber having a lens disposed at the tip and an output lens of the other optical fiber having a lens disposed at the tip.
  • a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching section characterized by having an inter-distance adjusting means.
  • a thirty-second invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 32) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 17 to 31 is a defocus polarization conversion including the mode matching section according to any of the inventions 17 to 31.
  • a mode matching unit characterized in that the wavelength of the light source is in the 1300 nm band, the core diameter of the large core diameter / low NA polarization-maintaining optical fiber is 40 ⁇ m, and the NA is 0.06 ⁇ 0.01. Including a defocus polarization conversion optical system.
  • a thirty-third invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 33) as another example of the present invention made to solve the problem is an optical fiber in which a lens is arranged at the tip of a sample in the optical path of signal light.
  • An optical rotation measurement method for measuring the optical rotation of a sample using an optical rotation measurement system using a polarization conversion optical system arranged opposite to each other (hereinafter referred to as an optical rotation for measuring the optical rotation of a sample using an optical rotation measurement system)
  • the measurement method is simply referred to as an optical rotation measurement method).
  • a polarization conversion optical system and a ring interference system are prepared to constitute an optical rotation measurement system, or an optical rotation having a polarization conversion optical system and a ring interference system.
  • Preparing a degree measuring device as an optical rotation measuring system attaching a specimen to the polarization conversion optical system of the optical rotation measuring system, and causing the specimen to be incident as a clockwise signal light and a counterclockwise signal light.
  • Light having a step of measuring a phase difference caused by the specimens of signal light having polarizations orthogonal to each other, and the ring optical path of the ring interference system is disposed opposite to the front end portion.
  • the counter-polarization conversion optical system and the specimen are arranged opposite to each other with the specimen sandwiched between the fiber and the optical path of the signal light, and the ring interference system measures a phase difference of light propagating in both directions on the ring optical path Accordingly, an optical system in which optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen can be measured, and an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at at least one of the opposed distal ends has a different core diameter.
  • the second optical fiber is a large-core-diameter, low-NA single-mode optical fiber
  • the single-mode optical fiber in which the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are connected via a mode matching unit is the first optical fiber.
  • Two optical fibers are disposed closer to the specimen on the optical path than the first optical fiber, and are closer to the specimen of the optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the opposed tip portion.
  • the lens is arranged in the optical path of the signal light as an output section lens in the vicinity of the end face on the side, and at least one of the optical fibers arranged to face the end face of the output section lens on the optical path of the signal light
  • the polarization converting optical system includes at least a part of an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the tip, an output lens, and the optical fiber.
  • a polarization plane rotating element disposed between the end face and the specimen, and the polarization plane rotating element receives the polarization beam as signal light from one side of the polarization plane rotating element;
  • the signal light Is a non-reciprocal polarization plane rotating element that acts to rotate the plane of polarization of the signal light by a predetermined angle in the opposite direction to the incident direction of the signal light from the one side,
  • the opposed polarization conversion optical system causes signal light emitted from the end face of one optical fiber on which the opposed output unit lens is disposed to enter the sample through the output unit lens, and is transmitted through the sample.
  • the signal light and / or the signal light reflected by the specimen is caused to enter the end surface of the other optical fiber having the output unit lens disposed at the tip, and the signal light emitted from the end surface of the other optical fiber.
  • the signal light transmitted through the sample and / or the signal light reflected by the sample is the end surface of the one optical fiber on which the output unit lens is disposed at the tip part
  • Defocused polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit that can be incident on a ring and measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen with the ring interference system
  • a thirty-fourth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 34) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the invention 33 is the optical rotation measuring method according to the invention 33, wherein a lens is disposed at the tip portion. At least one of the end face of one optical fiber and the end face of the other optical fiber is positioned farther from the output lens than the focal position of the output lens, and the image of the end face of the optical fiber is formed by the output lens. Measuring the optical information related to the optical rotation by placing the sample at a position where it forms an image on the exit surface of the sample (that is, the surface from which the signal light incident on the sample is output from the sample). It is an invention of a characteristic optical rotation measurement method.
  • a thirty-fifth aspect of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the thirty-fifth aspect), which is an expansion of the inventions 33 and 34, is the optical rotation measuring method according to the thirty-third or thirty-fourth aspect, wherein the one arranged oppositely Using a polarization conversion optical system in which at least one of the end face of the optical fiber and the end face of the other optical fiber is disposed at a position closer to the output lens than the focal position of the output lens. It is an invention of a measuring method.
  • a thirty-sixth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 36) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 33 to 35 is the optical rotation measuring method according to any of the inventions 33 to 35, wherein the tip portion At least one of the end face of one optical fiber on which the lens is disposed and the end face of the other optical fiber is arranged so that the distance from the surface of the output lens is 0.6 mm or less, so that the optical rotation is achieved. It is an invention of an optical rotation measuring method characterized by measuring related optical information.
  • a thirty-seventh invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 37) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 33 to 36 is the optical rotation measurement method according to any of the inventions 33 to 36, wherein An optical rotation measuring method according to the present invention is characterized in that the optical fiber disposed opposite to the specimen in the optical path and the other optical fiber are the same, that is, the same optical fiber.
  • a thirty-eighth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 38) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the invention 33 to 37 is the optical rotation measuring method according to any of the invention 33 to 37, wherein the tip portion At least one of the one optical fiber and the other optical fiber on which the lens is disposed is a Faraday rotation element as the nonreciprocal polarization plane rotation element between the end face of the optical fiber and the output lens, and 4
  • An optical rotation measurement method according to the invention characterized in that optical information related to optical rotation is measured using an optical fiber in which at least one of a half-wave plate and a polarizer is arranged.
  • a thirty-ninth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 39) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the invention 33 to 38 is the optical rotation measuring method according to any of the invention 33 to 38, wherein the tip portion At least one of the one optical fiber and the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed is a Faraday rotation element as the nonreciprocal polarization plane rotation element, 4 between the output lens of the optical fiber and the specimen.
  • An optical rotation measurement method according to the invention characterized in that optical information related to optical rotation is measured using an optical fiber in which at least one of a half-wave plate and a polarizer is arranged.
  • a 40th invention as another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 33 to 39 (hereinafter referred to as invention 40) is an optical rotation measurement method according to any of the inventions 33 to 39, wherein the mode matching is performed.
  • One or both of a core expansion fiber and a core reduction fiber is used for the part, and the invention is an invention of a method of measuring the optical rotation.
  • a forty-first invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 41) as another example of the invention made by developing the inventions 33 to 40 is the optical rotation measurement method according to any of the inventions 33 to 40, wherein the ring interference Propagation of polarized light as clockwise signal light and polarized light as counterclockwise signal light is propagated in the ring optical path of the system, and the optical fiber portion of the ring optical path of the ring interference system is polarized as clockwise signal light and as counterclockwise signal light.
  • Polarization is propagated through the same optical fiber in the same intrinsic polarization mode as clockwise signal light and counterclockwise signal light, respectively, and the specimen portion is polarized light in which the polarization as the clockwise signal light and the polarization as the counterclockwise signal light are orthogonal to each other
  • the polarization conversion optical system is configured to propagate in the state as a clockwise signal light and a counterclockwise signal light, respectively.
  • a forty-second invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 42) as another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 33 to 41 is the optical rotation measuring method according to any one of the inventions 33 to 41, wherein the optical angle is perpendicular to the optical path. It is an invention of an optical rotation measurement method characterized by using a mechanism capable of scanning the specimen and / or the polarization conversion optical system in a direction.
  • a forty-third invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 43) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 33 to 42 is the optical rotation measurement method according to any of the inventions 33 to 42, wherein the specimen is A measurement part that is a part of a living body and is artificially given as a part of the detection means of the phase difference of the signal light to measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen. Measuring optical information related to optical rotation using means for detecting the phase difference in synchronization with a signal that periodically changes a state of a part of the living body such as the thickness of the body. It is invention of the optical rotation measuring method to do.
  • a forty-fourth invention (hereinafter referred to as an invention 44) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 33 to 43 is the optical rotation measurement method according to any of the inventions 33 to 43, wherein the specimen is It is an invention of the optical rotation measurement method characterized in that a measurement terminal that is a part of a living body and sandwiches a portion for measuring optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen is used in the polarization conversion optical system.
  • a forty-fifth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 45), which is another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 33 to 44, is the optical rotation measurement method according to any of the inventions 33 to 44, wherein It is an invention of an optical rotation measuring method characterized by using means for changing the distance between the output lens of an optical fiber and the output lens of the other optical fiber.
  • the forty-sixth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 46) as another example of the present invention developed by developing the inventions 33 to 45 is the optical rotation measuring method according to any of the inventions 33 to 45, wherein the wavelength of the light source Is a 1300 nm band, and uses a polarization conversion optical system in which the core diameter of the large core diameter / low NA polarization plane maintaining optical fiber is 40 ⁇ m and the NA is 0.06 ⁇ 0.01. It is an invention.
  • a 47th aspect of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "invention 47") as another example of the present invention made to solve the problem is an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the tip portion in a light path of signal light, etc.
  • the signal light emitted from the end face of one of the optical fibers having a lens disposed at the distal end is made incident on the sample, and / or the signal light transmitted through the sample and / or the sample
  • the optical rotation measurement apparatus capable of measuring the optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen by causing the signal light reflected by the light to enter the end face of the other optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the distal end
  • a signal light output section to be incident on the specimen of one optical fiber having a lens disposed at the section and / or signal light from the specimen (the signal light incident on the specimen passes through the specimen)
  • a forty-eighth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 48), which is another example of the present invention developed by developing the invention 47, is the defocused optical rotation measurement device according to the invention 47, wherein At least one of the end surface of the optical fiber in which the lens is disposed and the end surface of the optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the other tip is at a position farther from the output unit lens than the focal position of the output unit lens, The image of the end face of the optical fiber is in a position such that the output lens forms an image on the exit surface of the specimen (that is, the signal light incident on the specimen from the optical fiber exits from the specimen). It is invention of the defocused optical rotation measuring device characterized by these.
  • invention 49 A forty-ninth aspect of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "invention 49") as another example of the present invention developed from the inventions 47 and 48 is the defocused optical rotation measuring device according to the invention 47 or 48, wherein the tip At least one of the end face of one optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the portion and the end face of the other optical fiber in which the lens is disposed at the distal end portion is closer to the output portion lens than the focal position of the output portion lens. It is an invention of a defocused optical rotation measuring device characterized by being in a close position.
  • an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at a tip portion which is a component of a ring optical path is used as a signal light.
  • the lens is disposed at the tip portion.
  • At least one of the arranged optical fibers is a single mode optical fiber in which a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber having different core diameters are connected via a mode matching unit, and the first optical fiber is relatively Is a small core diameter / high NA single mode optical fiber, and the second optical fiber is a large core diameter / low NA single mode optical fiber, and the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are In a single mode optical fiber in which fibers are connected via a mode matching unit, the second optical fiber is disposed closer to the specimen on the optical path than the first optical fiber, and is disposed so as to face each other.
  • the lens is arranged as an output lens in the optical path of the signal light in the vicinity of the end face of the optical fiber having the lens arranged at the distal end portion, and the specimen is sandwiched on the optical path of the signal light.
  • the optical fiber in which the lens is arranged at the tip portion arranged to face each other is polarized light in which at least a nonreciprocal polarization plane rotation element is arranged between the end surface and the specimen in addition to the output lens.
  • the polarization conversion optical system that forms a conversion optical system and is disposed opposite to the sample on the optical path from the polarization conversion optical system has a right-handed signal light and a counterclockwise rotation on the sample, respectively.
  • the optical fiber is configured to be incident as a signal light and has the output lens of the first polarization conversion optical system, which is one polarization conversion optical system of the polarization conversion optical system disposed opposite to the optical fiber.
  • Signal light emitted from the end face as clockwise signal light or counterclockwise signal light in the ring optical path is incident on the sample through the output lens, and signal light transmitted through the sample and / or signal reflected by the sample.
  • the light is incident on an end face of an optical fiber in which an output lens is disposed at the distal end portion of the second polarization conversion optical system which is the other polarization conversion optical system of the polarization conversion optical system disposed opposite to the light.
  • the signal light is turned counterclockwise or clockwise in the ring optical path.
  • the signal light emitted in this manner is incident on the specimen through the output lens, and the signal light transmitted through the specimen and / or the signal light reflected by the specimen is arranged in the first polarization conversion optics arranged oppositely.
  • a fifty-first invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 51), which is another example of the present invention developed by developing the invention 50, is an optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit according to the invention 50, in the optical path of signal light.
  • An optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit is characterized in that one optical fiber and the other optical fiber arranged to face each other with the specimen interposed therebetween are the same, that is, the same optical fiber.
  • a fifty-second invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 52), which is another example of the present invention made to solve the problem, has an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at the tip portion sandwiching a specimen in the optical path of signal light.
  • a polarization conversion optical system that can be used in an optical rotation measurement system that is disposed opposite to each other, irradiates the specimen with signal light emitted from the optical fiber, and measures the optical rotation of the specimen.
  • the lens is disposed as an output lens in the optical path of the signal light in the vicinity of the end surface near the specimen of at least one optical fiber of the polarization conversion optical system to be used, and at least of the optical fibers disposed to face each other
  • One optical fiber on which the output lens is disposed, the end surface of which is off the focal position of the output lens on the optical path of the signal light The signal light emitted from the end surface is incident on the sample through the output unit lens, and the output unit lens is disposed at the tip of the signal light transmitted through the sample and / or the signal light reflected by the sample.
  • It is an invention of a defocus polarization conversion optical system characterized in that it can be used to measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen by being incident on the end face of the other optical fiber.
  • optical rotation measuring device can be configured as an invention in which the components of the invention according to inventions 1 to 16 are further added, and the polarization conversion optics according to invention 52. It is apparent from the following description that the system can be further configured as the present invention by adding the components of the present invention described in Inventions 17 to 32.
  • an optical fiber having a lens disposed at the tip is disposed opposite to the sample in the optical path of the signal light, the signal light emitted from the optical fiber is irradiated onto the sample, and the optical rotation of the sample
  • a polarization conversion optical system that can be used in an optical rotation measurement system that performs measurement on an optical fiber in which a lens is disposed at at least one tip of the polarization conversion optical system that is used so as to face the core
  • the second optical fiber is a large-core-diameter, low-NA single-mode optical fiber, and the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are connected via a mode matching unit.
  • the second optical fiber is disposed closer to the sample on the optical path than the first optical fiber, and is closer to the sample of the optical fiber disposed to face the second optical fiber.
  • the lens is arranged as an output unit lens in the optical path of the signal light in the vicinity of the side end surface, and the signal light emitted from the end surface of one optical fiber in which the output unit lens is arranged passes through the output unit lens.
  • An optical rotation of the specimen is made by making the signal light incident on the specimen and / or the signal light transmitted through the specimen and / or reflected by the specimen enter the end face of the other optical fiber having the output lens disposed at the tip.
  • a polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit characterized in that it can measure optical information related to a polarization plane rotation element, and one of the polarization plane rotation elements When the polarization beam as signal light is incident from the other side, the polarization plane of the signal light is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise by a predetermined angle toward the traveling direction of the signal light, and the other side of the polarization plane rotation element When a polarized beam is made incident as signal light from, the polarization plane of the signal light acts so as to be rotated by a predetermined angle in the direction opposite to the direction of incidence from the one side toward the traveling direction of the signal light.
  • a great effect can be exhibited when used in an optical rotation measuring device and a measuring method together with a polarization conversion optical system using
  • the present invention relates to a ring optical path of a ring light interference system using a defocus polarization conversion optical system and / or a collimated polarization conversion optical system using a non-reciprocal polarization plane rotation element such as an optical fiber including a mode matching unit and a Faraday rotation element. And propagating polarized light as clockwise signal light and polarized light as counterclockwise signal light in the ring optical path of the ring interference system, and the optical fiber portion of the ring optical path of the ring interference system is polarized as clockwise signal light. And the left-handed signal light are propagated through the same optical fiber in the same intrinsic polarization mode as the right-handed signal light and the left-handed signal light, respectively.
  • That the polarization conversion optical system is configured to propagate the polarized light in the orthogonal polarization state as a clockwise signal light and a counterclockwise signal light, respectively.
  • Optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen by using the polarization conversion optical system that can be used in the optical rotation measurement apparatus and the optical rotation measurement system of the present invention, and the optical rotation measurement method using the polarization conversion optical system. Can be measured with high accuracy.
  • the present invention using a polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit in the optical system has made it possible to measure optical information related to the optical rotation of the specimen with extremely high accuracy that could not be expected in the past. it can.
  • light scattering specimens such as blood and fingers also measure the glucose concentration of a living body related to blood glucose level without requiring blood collection. be able to.
  • the present invention is a non-invasive measurement method that does not particularly collect blood, firstly, there is no annoyance and pain associated with blood collection with a needle, second, there is no need to dispose of the blood collection needle, and it is hygienic. , Because the reagent that reacts with glucose used in the blood sampling method is unnecessary, the running cost of 100,000 yen or more per year is unnecessary, and it is economical. It can be used once, so it can be used for the health management of diabetics and healthy people. And the optical rotation measuring device capable of measuring the light scattering specimen of the present invention is used in general households, so that the present invention is able to reduce the number of diabetic patients that are currently increasing worldwide. In addition to providing the gospel, it provides patients with a great gospel that can significantly reduce the cost of their treatment.
  • the inventor of the present application is the same as the problem to be solved of the present invention, that is, the realization of a measuring device that can measure the blood concentration of blood collected from a large number of medical personnel and the glucose concentration of a living body with high accuracy. We have made a lot of efforts to realize it, but we have analyzed the cause in detail based on the fact that it has not been realized until today.
  • the basic configuration of the measurement apparatus is a ring interference system using an optical fiber, the polarized light is incident on the specimen, and the phase change of the polarized light is measured. Need to be improved.
  • optical coupling is performed between the entrance and exit surfaces of the specimen using an optical fiber collimator optical system.
  • optical loss is small and insertion loss can be reduced most.
  • a conventional optical fiber polarization conversion optical system (hereinafter referred to as a conventional type) using an optical fiber collimator optical system in which the end face of the optical fiber is disposed at the focal position of the lens.
  • a defocus optical fiber polarization conversion optical system (hereinafter also referred to as a defocus polarization conversion optical system) in which the end face of the optical fiber is arranged away from the focal position of the lens.
  • the insertion loss of the living body was experimentally examined by changing the light source wavelength used in the optical rotation measuring apparatus and the core diameter of the polarization plane preserving optical fiber used in the corresponding defocus polarization conversion optical system.
  • NA is a numerical aperture
  • polarization-maintaining optical fiber with a core diameter of 30 ⁇ m for a wavelength of 1064 nm that is currently used for an optical fiber laser a core diameter for a wavelength of 1060 nm is used.
  • the insertion loss was as low as 30 dB as compared with the case of using PM980, a polarization maintaining optical fiber having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m.
  • the large-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber propagates several higher-order modes in addition to the fundamental mode at a wavelength of 1064 nm, when using the optical fiber, it is wound around a bobbin having a bending radius of 30 mm to propagate only the single mode. I did it.
  • the radius of the bobbin depends on the length of the large-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be used, the bending radius is preferably 25 to 35 mm when 1 m is used for each of the opposing optical systems.
  • optical rotation measurement in the present embodiment places the specimen in the ring optical path of the ring light interference system, an optical fiber coupler that splits and couples the light from the light source into clockwise light and counterclockwise light, that is needed 2x2 type directional coupler.
  • couplers for polarization-maintaining optical fibers having a core diameter of 30 ⁇ m have not been commercialized.
  • the optical rotation measurement in this embodiment employs a so-called phase modulation method, a ring optical fiber having a certain length is required, but a polarization-maintaining optical fiber having a core diameter of 30 ⁇ m is expensive. there is a problem that is not economical in the ring optical path because there.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a mode matching unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, a relatively small core diameter / high NA polarization-maintaining optical fiber 1 as a first optical fiber is heated in the vicinity of the exit portion, that is, in the vicinity of the end portion to form a so-called core expansion optical fiber that expands the core portion.
  • the end of the storage optical fiber 2 was connected and reinforced by the mode matching unit 3.
  • the insertion loss of the mode matching section from the small core diameter / high NA polarization maintaining optical fiber 1 to the large core diameter / low NA polarization maintaining optical fiber 2 is as small as 0.1 dB. It was 8 dB.
  • Reference numeral 4 denotes a connection portion between the first optical fiber 1 and the second optical fiber 2 including the mode matching portion 3, and this portion is also referred to as a mode matching portion in the following.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the mode matching unit 4 used in the present embodiment.
  • the mode matching unit 3 and the mode matching unit 4 include at least an end part of the first optical fiber which is a core expansion optical fiber and an end part of the second optical fiber connected thereto.
  • the configuration includes the end portions of the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the mode matching section 3 and the mode matching section 4 in the present invention are not limited to this, and many Is possible.
  • the end of the second optical fiber connected to the first optical fiber is extended by heating, for example, the vicinity of the end of the second optical fiber, and the end of the second optical fiber.
  • the core diameter in the vicinity of the portion can be formed so as to gradually decrease toward the side connected to the first optical fiber, and it can be connected to the first optical fiber.
  • the end portion of the first optical fiber is processed into the core expanded fiber, and the second optical fiber
  • the connection loss due to processing errors can be further reduced.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the production of collimated light from the mode matching unit used in this embodiment.
  • the end surface 2 a of the second optical fiber 2 is at the focal position 6 of the lens 5.
  • an arrow with a reference numeral 7 is a line indicating the focal length of the lens 5.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the production of defocused light from the mode matching unit used in the present embodiment.
  • the end face 2 a of the optical fiber 2 is arranged at a position farther from the lens than the focal position 6 of the lens 5.
  • the polarizer of the polarization conversion optical system, the Faraday element (Faraday rotator), and the quarter wave plate are located behind the lens as viewed from the tip of the optical fiber. Since it is necessary to dispose the lens, it is necessary to physically increase the distance between the lenses. Further, when the focal length of the lens was increased to 2.75 mm, the biological transmission loss could not be reduced to 70 dB or less when the distance between the lenses was 2 mm.
  • a ring optical path of a ring interference system is used, the specimen is arranged in the middle of the ring optical path, and the optical path of the signal light
  • An optical fiber terminal in the middle of one ring optical path and an optical fiber terminal in the middle of the other ring optical path, which are arranged to face each other with a sample interposed therebetween, are each used as a polarization conversion optical system, and the polarization conversion optical system uses a polarization plane rotating element. It is configured as a nonreciprocal optical system.
  • the polarization plane rotation element when a polarization beam as signal light is incident from one side of the polarization plane rotation element, the polarization plane of the signal light is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise toward the traveling direction of the signal light.
  • the polarized light beam is incident as signal light from the other side of the polarization plane rotating element, the polarization plane of the signal light is incident from the one side toward the traveling direction of the signal light. It is preferable to use a polarization plane rotating element that acts so as to be rotated by a predetermined angle in the opposite direction to the case where it is made.
  • the polarization as the clockwise signal light and the polarization as the counterclockwise signal light are propagated in the ring optical path of the ring interference system, and as described in detail below, the ring interference system
  • the optical fiber part of the ring optical path propagates the same optical fiber as right-handed light and left-handed light respectively in the same polarization mode with the same polarization as right-handed signal light and left-handed signal light
  • the specimen part has The light beams are propagated as right-handed light and left-handed light in the polarization states orthogonal to each other, and the optical rotation of the specimen can be detected with high accuracy by utilizing each configuration of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the production of collimated circularly polarized light from the mode matching unit used in the present embodiment.
  • the end face 2 a of the optical fiber 2 is at the focal position 6 of the lens 5.
  • reference numeral 11 denotes a polarization conversion collimator including a mode matching unit.
  • the linearly polarized outgoing light of the large core diameter / low NA polarization-preserving optical fiber 2 that is the pigtail of the mode matching unit 4 is collimated by the lens 5 as signal light, and in turn, a polarizer (polarizing plate) 8, It is circularly polarized through a Faraday rotator 9 as a polarization plane rotator and a quarter-wave plate 10.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing that defocused circularly polarized light is generated from the mode matching unit used in the present embodiment.
  • the end surface 2 a of the optical fiber 2 is on the opposite side of the lens by 0.7 mm from the focal position 6 of the lens 5 (that is, a position far from the lens).
  • reference numeral 12 denotes a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit.
  • the polarizer 8, the Faraday element 9, and the quarter wave plate 10 are between the lens 5 and the end face 2a of the second optical fiber 2, but the focal length of the lens to be used and the degree of defocusing. 5, the rear of the lens 5, that is, the polarizer 8, the Faraday rotator 9, and the quarter wave plate 10 of FIG. 6 are opposite to the end face 2 a of the optical fiber 2 of the lens 5. It can also be arranged on the side.
  • FIG. 7 conceptually shows a beam emitted from the circularly polarized collimator including the mode matching unit used in this embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows the circularly polarized light including the mode matching unit used in this embodiment. It is the figure which showed notionally the beam radiate
  • a beam 13 emitted from a polarization conversion collimator (mode-matching collimated polarization conversion optical system) 11 including a mode matching unit is collimated circularly polarized light that is a parallel beam, and the specimen (FIG. 7) arranged in its traveling direction. so that the incident on the Shimese not).
  • a beam 14 emitted from a defocus polarization conversion optical system (mode matching defocus polarization conversion optical system) 12 including a mode matching unit is defocused circularly polarized light that is a focused beam, and is arranged in the traveling direction thereof. Is incident on the specimen (not shown), and is collected near the exit end of the specimen.
  • FIG. 9 shows an optical system in which the specimen 15 is inserted between the opposed mode matching collimated polarization conversion optical systems 11-1 and 11-2 as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows an optical system in which the specimen 15 is inserted between the opposed mode matching defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2 as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the insertion loss is smaller in the opposed mode matching collimated polarization conversion optical system of FIG.
  • the counter mode matching defocus polarization conversion optical system in FIG. 10 is more suitable than the counter mode matching collimation polarization conversion optical system in FIG.
  • the insertion loss is less about 1000 times (30 dB). Simulation technique that can explain the experimental results has not been commercialized.
  • the polarizer 8, the Faraday rotator 9, and the quarter-wave plate 10 were made as thin as possible with the optical system shown in FIG. 6 and bonded together and placed between the end face of the optical fiber and the lens. Note that circularly polarized light beams that are orthogonal to each other enter the living body from the opposed defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2 including the mode matching unit in FIG.
  • the opposite polarized light is coupled to the opposite polarization plane preserving optical fiber via the opposite defocus polarization conversion optical system to the same polarization axis as the incident linearly polarized light.
  • the intrinsic polarization axis orientation of the quarter-wave plate facing the intrinsic polarization axis orientation of the wavefront-preserving optical fiber was adjusted.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a coupling optical system that irradiates a light scattering specimen obliquely with signal light using defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2 including a mode matching unit as an example of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a coupling optical system that irradiates a light scattering specimen obliquely with signal light using defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2 including a mode matching unit as an example of this embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is a reflection system against 10 is transparent system.
  • Reference numeral 16 is a quartz glass plate
  • 17 is a quarter-wave plate.
  • the phase of the light reflected on the surface of the living body or in the living body is reversed, so if there is no phase plate, the incident light and the reflected light are orthogonally polarized to the living body and the phase difference is canceled and the phase difference due to the optical rotation of the living body. Cannot be measured. Since the same circularly polarized light as the incident light is reflected by placing the phase plate between the living body (in this case, a kind of mirror) and the incident light, the defocus optical system 12 including the mode matching unit including the polarization state is reflected. The bonds -1 and 12-2 can be taken. Note that the measurement system of FIG. 11 does not use a metal plate, and the principle is different from that of a conventional SPR (surface plasmon resonance).
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • FIG. 12 shows a coupling optical system in which a light scattering specimen is sandwiched by an opposed defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit as an example of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • a coupling optical system in which a light scattering specimen is sandwiched by an opposed defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit as an example of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • it is installed in a ring optical path including wavefront-preserving optical fibers 21-1 and 21-2 and measures the optical rotation of scattered light and reflected light from the surface and inside of the light scattering specimen 15.
  • it is a configuration diagram of a main portion 28 of the optical rotation measurement device.
  • the light source 18 is an SLD (Super Luminescent Diode) having a wavelength of 1060 nm, and its output is a first directional coupler (coupler) 19-1, an optical fiber polarizer 20, and a second directional coupler (coupler).
  • the second coupler 19-2 branches to a small core diameter high NA polarization plane preserving optical fiber 21-1 and a small core diameter high NA polarization plane preserving optical fiber 21-2.
  • the left and right linearly polarized light 23-1 and 23-2 that propagate through the ring optical path are generated.
  • the first directional coupler (coupler) 19-1 can be replaced with a polarization-maintaining optical circulator.
  • Reference numeral 22 denotes an optical phase modulator in which a small core diameter high NA polarization-maintaining optical fiber 21-1 of about 1 m is wound around a cylinder type PZT (lead zirconate titanate) element.
  • the left and right light that circulates in the ring optical path is connected to defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2 including mode matching sections by splices 24-1 and 24-2, respectively.
  • the light emitted from the specimen 15 propagates through the opposing defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2, and is received through the second coupler 19-2, the optical fiber polarizer 20, and the first coupler 19-1.
  • the signal is converted into an electric signal by the device 25, and the signal processing unit 26 obtains the phase difference between the left and right light depending on the optical rotation of the light scattering specimen 15 by calculation.
  • a 20 KHz sinusoidal modulation signal 27 is applied from the signal processing unit 26 to the optical phase modulator 22.
  • the signal processing in FIG. 12 employs the method used in the phase modulation type optical fiber gyro described in Non-Patent Document 2.
  • phase modulation is performed at 20 KHz
  • a 40 KHz component that is a second harmonic and an 80 KHz component that is a fourth harmonic are output from the ring interference system in addition to the fundamental wave of 20 KHz.
  • the phase difference between the left and right light propagating in the ring optical path is obtained. Since the ratio of the second harmonic and the fourth harmonic is proportional to the degree of phase modulation, it is controlled to be constant.
  • the ring optical path of the ring interference system mainly includes polarization-maintaining optical fibers 21-1 and 21-2 that occupy most of the loop, and a defocus polarization conversion optical system 12-1 that is an embodiment of the present invention. 12-2 and a light scattering specimen 15.
  • the light propagating around the left and right only propagates in the right and left circularly polarized light only in the portion of the light scattering sample 15, and the other polarization plane preserving optical fiber portions are Propagating in the same intrinsic polarization mode of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
  • the other polarization plane preserving optical fiber portions are Propagating in the same intrinsic polarization mode of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
  • it is known that linearly polarized light is decomposed into left and right circularly polarized light, and the direction of polarized light changes by ⁇ when a phase difference of 2 ⁇ occurs between the left and right circularly polarized light.
  • the phase difference of the left and right circularly polarized light of the light scattering specimen 15 can be measured, its optical rotation can be measured.
  • the thickness of the skin of the subject was about 1.5mm.
  • the transmission loss of light in this portion itself is about 0.5 dB.
  • a polarization maintaining optical fiber for communication with a wavelength of 1550 nm is used.
  • the insertion loss was about 65 to 70 dB.
  • the focal length of the lens is selected (0.7 mm), and the position of the optical fiber tip is 0.2 to
  • the loss was 40 dB, which was 30 dB or more lower than the above example.
  • the loss level of the optical interference system in this experiment was as follows.
  • Light source output 10 mW (polarization plane preserving optical fiber output)
  • Received power 50nW
  • a silicon APD Alvalanche photodiode having a 100 KHz bandwidth and a minimum receiving sensitivity of 5 pW was used as the light receiver.
  • the measurement time was 10 seconds, and the phase difference of the left and right circularly polarized light propagating through the finger folds could be measured with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the light receiving level was adjusted to the same level as that in the case of the sample using the variable optical attenuator VOA 33 arranged on the input side as a reference when there is no sample.
  • a refractive index matching agent was applied to the folds of the finger to suppress reflection loss.
  • tip of a counter polarization conversion optical system was used.
  • the phase difference was measured while shifting the measurement site in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. As a result, to obtain a result that the phase difference changes depending on the site.
  • Data related to blood glucose level can be obtained by repeating measurement for an actual diabetic patient. It is possible to measure a pulse by arranging a multimode optical fiber in parallel with a polarization-maintaining optical fiber for optical rotation measurement according to the present invention in the vicinity of a region to be measured, and measuring a variation in its insertion loss. it can.
  • phase difference of the left and right circularly polarized light propagating in both directions in the ring optical path in the measurement system of FIG. 12 was monitored before and after the meal, the phase difference clearly changed after the meal. From this, it is considered that could be detected sugar contained in body fluids.
  • FIG. 13 shows the coupling optical system shown in FIG. 11 that irradiates the light scattering sample 15 from the oblique direction using the mode-matching opposed defocus polarization conversion optical system as the second embodiment according to the present invention.
  • a mirror is placed on the specimen portion in advance, and the axes are aligned so that the coupling between the defocus polarization conversion optical systems 12-1 and 12-2 can be achieved with the required accuracy. It was. Thereafter, the finger was placed on the quarter-wave plate 17 and the optical rotation included in the reflected light and scattered light from the living body was measured. Actually, a refractive index matching agent was used between the quarter-wave plate and the finger.
  • the phase difference was measured while shifting the measurement site on the quarter-wave plate plane. As a result, to obtain a result that the phase difference changes depending on the site. This was interpreted as a difference between when the beam passed through the blood vessel and when it did not.
  • Data related to the blood glucose level is created by repeating the measurement for an actual diabetic patient, a correspondence table between the measurement data and, for example, the blood glucose level is created, and input to the storage portion of the signal processing circuit 26, for example.
  • the measurement results can be displayed.
  • the signal detection synchronized with the pulse there is also a method of periodically changing the thickness of the living body by periodically pressing the portion sandwiching the living body and detecting a periodic signal synchronized with the cycle. It is valid.
  • a signal for periodically changing the pulse and the thickness of the living body can be used in combination.
  • At least one of the one single-mode optical fiber and the other single-mode optical fiber has an output lens at the tip (this output lens is a left-right signal light in a ring interference system).
  • this output lens is a left-right signal light in a ring interference system.
  • an output side optical fiber with respect to one signal light of the both directions of light for example, counterclockwise light
  • at least one of the end faces of the single mode optical fiber having the output lens is an optical system that is not at the focal position of the output lens. It is characterized by constituting a focus polarization conversion optical system.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the measurement method in the main part 28 of the optical rotation measuring apparatus as the third embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the beam emitted from the defocus polarization conversion optical system 12-1 is the object to be measured. It is a figure explaining the example of the method of observing which part of the sample 15 which is which is irradiated.
  • laser light from the HeNe laser 30 is incident as a visible laser from the other incident end of the second coupler 19-2 in FIG. 14, and the half mirror 31 is placed in front of the specimen 15,
  • the microscope 32 was used to observe which part of the specimen 15 was irradiated with the beam emitted from the defocus polarization conversion optical system 12-1.
  • the specimen 15 was a living body, the blood vessel portion could be observed by applying permeable oil.
  • the HeNe laser was turned off and the microscope and the half mirror were removed. As a result, the optical rotation and the positional relationship between the blood vessels of the living body became clear.
  • a polarization-preserving optical fiber having a core diameter of 30 ⁇ m and a low NA (0.07) having a light source wavelength of 1060 nm was used.
  • the inventor changes the core diameter of the polarization-preserving optical fiber when the living body is sandwiched between the polarization conversion optical systems facing each other in the same wavelength band to 7 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, and 30 ⁇ m, and changes the core diameter dependency of the transmission loss. Examined.
  • the wavelength band of the light source is set to 1300 nm or more
  • the core diameter can be made 40 ⁇ m with the same NA, and the biological transmission loss can be further reduced by 10 dB or more.
  • the loss of the Faraday element (garnet) used in the polarization conversion optical system was about 5 dB when using an SLD with a wavelength of 1060 nm, but is so small that it is almost negligible at a wavelength of 1300 nm.
  • the core diameter can be increased, but in the 1550 nm band, it is affected by absorption loss of moisture contained in the living body.
  • the wavelength becomes longer, it becomes more susceptible to loss due to bending of the optical fiber.
  • the inventor concludes that a 1300 nm-band broadband light source and a corresponding large core diameter / low NA polarization-preserving optical fiber can be used to realize a non-invasive optical rotation measuring device with the highest accuracy in defocus coupling system conditions. did.
  • the loss level of the optical interference system in this experiment was as follows.
  • Light source output 10 mW (polarization plane preserving optical fiber output)
  • Received power 50nm
  • a silicon APD having a 100 KHz bandwidth and a minimum receiving sensitivity of 5 pW was used as the light receiver.
  • the average measurement time was 10 seconds, and the phase difference between the left and right circularly polarized light propagating in the control blood could be measured with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the light receiving level was adjusted to the same level as that in the case of the sample using the variable optical attenuator VOA 33 arranged on the input side as a reference when there is no sample.
  • the insertion loss was almost independent of blood thickness. That is, the insertion loss was about 40 dB even when the thickness was 0.1 mm, but it was 45.5 dB even when the thickness was 1 mm and 45 dB. This is thought to be due to multiple internal reflections in the blood.
  • the angle of rotation of the healthy person with glucose is 0.0005 degrees.
  • the phase difference measured by the ring interference system is 0.001 degree, which is the second growth.
  • the length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber other than the polarization conversion optical system in the ring optical path of the ring interference system used in the experiment was 400 m.
  • the sensitivity of the minimum phase measurement when using a normal optical fiber ring interference system except for the polarization conversion optical system facing the ring interference system was 0.00005 degrees. This was confirmed from the variation in the measured values when the rotational angular velocity of the earth was measured with this ring interference system. Therefore, it can be said that the optical rotation of whole blood could be measured with sufficiently high accuracy.
  • the defocused optical rotation measurement device including the mode matching unit, the defocus polarization conversion optical system including the mode matching unit, and the optical rotation measurement in the optical rotation measurement system using the optical system according to the embodiments of each invention
  • each of the configurations of the embodiment uses a defocused optical rotation measuring device including a mode matching unit, a defocus polarization conversion optical system including a mode matching unit, and the optical system. Even if it is used in the optical rotation measurement method in the optical rotation measurement system, the effects of the respective embodiments can be exhibited, and not only the similar effects can be exhibited even if they are combined in various ways.
  • the embodiment is not limited to this, and many variations are possible based on the technical idea of the present invention.
  • non-invasive blood glucose level measurement that has not been realized by the present invention can be performed.
  • diabetic patients can be freed from the trouble of collecting blood several times a day, and the number of diabetic patients currently increasing worldwide by utilizing the blood glucose level measuring device of the present invention in a preventive and conservative manner.
  • the number can be reduced and the cost required for the treatment can be greatly reduced.
  • the present invention can be used not only in the medical field and the nursing field but also in a wide range of fields such as the health device field, the pharmaceutical field, the food field, and the agricultural field.

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Abstract

[Problème] Fournir un dispositif de mesure de rotation optique facile à utiliser, qui peut mesurer la concentration de glucose in vivo ou dans du sang prélevé, avec une grande précision et en temps réel, et pouvant être utilisé dans des environnements médicaux sans qu'un réactif soit nécessaire. [Solution] On a résolu le problème en adoptant une configuration non focalisée sans placer la surface terminale d'une fibre optique au niveau du point focal d'une lentille en utilisant le résultat de l'insertion dans un système d'interférence annulaire à fibres optiques d'un système optique de conversion de polarisation non réciproque qui prend en sandwich un échantillon pour la mesure de rotation optique, et dans les fibres optiques d'entrée/sortie du système optique de conversion de polarisation non réciproque, une fibre optique monomode à faible ouverture numérique et grand diamètre de noyau en tant qu'unité d'entrée/sortie est connectée à une fibre optique monomode à ouverture numérique élevée et petit diamètre de noyau en tant qu'unité de transmission, une partie d'alignement de mode étant prévue entre les deux.
PCT/JP2011/076541 2010-11-26 2011-11-17 Dispositif de mesure de rotation optique, système optique de conversion de polarisation pouvant être utilisé pour la mesure de rotation optique, et méthode de mesure de rotation optique dans un système de mesure de rotation optique utilisant ledit système optique de conversion de polarisation WO2012070465A1 (fr)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09159862A (ja) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-20 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd 光ファイバコネクタ
JPH10267831A (ja) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-09 Unie Opt:Kk 複屈折測定光学系および高空間分解能偏光解析装置
JP2004113434A (ja) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-15 Masato Nakamura 血糖測定装置
JP2004138864A (ja) * 2002-10-18 2004-05-13 Hitachi Ltd 光伝送モジュール
JP2005274380A (ja) * 2004-03-25 2005-10-06 Optoquest Co Ltd 複屈折率測定装置
JP2006323027A (ja) * 2005-05-17 2006-11-30 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光ファイバの接続方法
JP2008032993A (ja) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-14 Kyocera Corp 光ファイバ体およびこれを用いたモード変換器
JP2008102009A (ja) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-01 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光学測定装置および光学的測定方法
JP2008122082A (ja) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-29 Optoquest Co Ltd 反射型複屈折率測定装置
WO2010100766A1 (fr) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-10 有限会社グローバルファイバオプティックス Dispositif de mesure de rotation optique et procédé de mesure de rotation optique

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09159862A (ja) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-20 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd 光ファイバコネクタ
JPH10267831A (ja) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-09 Unie Opt:Kk 複屈折測定光学系および高空間分解能偏光解析装置
JP2004113434A (ja) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-15 Masato Nakamura 血糖測定装置
JP2004138864A (ja) * 2002-10-18 2004-05-13 Hitachi Ltd 光伝送モジュール
JP2005274380A (ja) * 2004-03-25 2005-10-06 Optoquest Co Ltd 複屈折率測定装置
JP2006323027A (ja) * 2005-05-17 2006-11-30 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光ファイバの接続方法
JP2008032993A (ja) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-14 Kyocera Corp 光ファイバ体およびこれを用いたモード変換器
JP2008102009A (ja) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-01 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光学測定装置および光学的測定方法
JP2008122082A (ja) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-29 Optoquest Co Ltd 反射型複屈折率測定装置
WO2010100766A1 (fr) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-10 有限会社グローバルファイバオプティックス Dispositif de mesure de rotation optique et procédé de mesure de rotation optique

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