WO2012066688A1 - 組電池の制御装置 - Google Patents
組電池の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012066688A1 WO2012066688A1 PCT/JP2010/072074 JP2010072074W WO2012066688A1 WO 2012066688 A1 WO2012066688 A1 WO 2012066688A1 JP 2010072074 W JP2010072074 W JP 2010072074W WO 2012066688 A1 WO2012066688 A1 WO 2012066688A1
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- soc
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- difference data
- assembled battery
- time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembled battery control device including a plurality of unit cells.
- a technique for adjusting the capacity of a plurality of unit cells constituting the assembled battery is known.
- a time interval for performing the capacity adjustment is as follows. There has been proposed a technique for detecting that an assembled battery is in a state close to an abnormal state when it becomes a predetermined threshold value or less.
- the time interval for capacity adjustment needs to be equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, so the assembled battery is in a state close to the abnormal state.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to appropriately predict the time when an assembled battery including a plurality of single cells is in an abnormal state.
- the present invention relates to voltage difference data detected in a voltage region different from a target voltage, which is a voltage for equalizing the voltages of a plurality of single cells constituting an assembled battery, by a predetermined voltage or more, or in an SOC region corresponding to the voltage region. Or the said subject is solved by estimating the time when an assembled battery will be in an abnormal state based on the time-dependent change of SOC difference data.
- a change in voltage difference or SOC difference is obtained by obtaining a voltage difference detected in a voltage region different from a target voltage by a predetermined voltage or more, or a time difference of the SOC difference detected in the SOC region corresponding to the voltage region. It is possible to accurately grasp the tendency, and thus it is possible to appropriately predict the time when the assembled battery is in an abnormal state.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an assembled battery system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the battery controller 500.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing a relationship between the SOC and the terminal voltage of a lithium ion battery as an example of a unit cell.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an SOC section table showing the relationship between the SOC and the SOC section S sec .
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart (part 1) illustrating the flow of an abnormal time prediction process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart (part 2) illustrating the flow of the abnormal time prediction process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an assembled battery system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the battery controller 500.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing a relationship between the SOC and the terminal voltage of a lithium ion battery as an example of a unit cell.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a regression line obtained by performing linear regression on the relationship between the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V and the measurement time.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart (part 1) illustrating the flow of an abnormal time prediction process according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart (part 2) illustrating the flow of an abnormal time prediction process according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the SOC region and the voltage difference.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of a calculation process of the standardized voltage difference between the single cells.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the calculation process of the normalized voltage difference.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a flow of an abnormal time prediction process according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of an abnormal time prediction process according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart (part 1) illustrating the flow of the minute short-circuit abnormality detection process.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart (part 2) illustrating the flow of the minute short-circuit abnormality detection process.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an assembled battery system according to the present embodiment.
- the assembled battery system according to the present embodiment is used as a battery for a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle will be described as an example.
- the assembled battery system is electrically connected to both ends of the assembled battery 100 and the assembled battery 100 including a plurality of unit cells C1, C2,.
- the assembled battery 100 is configured by connecting N unit cells C1, C2,..., CN in series.
- Each of the single cells C1, C2,..., CN includes an alkaline storage battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery, an organic electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, etc.
- the single cells C1, C2, ..., a case where a lithium ion battery is used as CN will be described as an example.
- the single cells C1, C2,..., CN are connected in parallel, and include a plurality of batteries that have the same terminal voltage that can be measured and can be regarded as single cells. Note that the number N of unit cells is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set as desired.
- the assembled battery 100 includes a temperature sensor 102 for measuring the temperatures of the single cells C1, C2,..., CN constituting the assembled battery 100. The battery temperature measured by the temperature sensor 102 is transmitted to the battery controller 500.
- a capacity adjustment circuit 400 is connected in parallel to each of the N unit cells C1, C2,..., CN constituting the assembled battery 100.
- the capacity adjustment circuit 400 includes a resistor 401 and a switch 402.
- the capacity adjustment of the unit cell can be performed by closing the switch 402 and performing the capacity adjustment discharge of the unit cell.
- the opening / closing of each switch 402 is controlled by the battery controller 500.
- the load 200 is, for example, a motor and an inverter mounted on a hybrid vehicle, an electric motor vehicle, or the like.
- the load 200 is reversely converted into electric energy via the motor and the inverter, and the assembled battery 100 is charged It is possible.
- the assembled battery 100 can be charged by being connected to an external power source (not shown), for example.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the battery controller 500.
- the battery controller 500 includes a voltage detection unit 501, a current detection unit 502, a battery temperature detection unit 503, a capacity adjustment unit 504, a control unit 505, an abnormality determination unit 506, a prediction unit 507, and voltage difference data storage.
- Unit 508 communication unit 509, and SOC table storage unit 510.
- the voltage detection unit 501 time-series the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN constituting the assembled battery 100 in a predetermined cycle via a plurality of terminal wires connected to the individual cells.
- the measured terminal voltage of each single cell is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal and sent to the control unit 505.
- a flying capacitor system etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the current detection unit 502 acquires the charging / discharging current measured by the current sensor 300 at a predetermined period, converts the acquired charging / discharging current from an analog signal to a digital signal, and sends it to the control unit 505.
- the current sensor 300 includes, for example, a resistance element, a current transformer, and the like.
- the battery temperature detection unit 503 acquires the temperature of each unit cell C1, C2,..., CN measured by the temperature sensor 102 provided in the assembled battery 100 at a predetermined period, and acquires each unit cell C1, The temperature of C2,..., CN is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal and sent to the control unit 505.
- the capacity adjustment unit 504 is configured to select each capacity adjustment circuit based on the capacity adjustment command from the control unit 505 when the variation in the terminal voltage between the single cells C1, C2,.
- the opening and closing of each switch 402 provided in 400 is controlled, and thereby the capacity of the assembled battery 100 is adjusted.
- the control unit 505 supplies the capacity adjustment unit 504 with the capacity based on the terminal voltage, charge / discharge current, and battery temperature data received from the voltage detection unit 501, current detection unit 502, and battery temperature detection unit 503. Control to make adjustments. Specifically, the control unit 505 first sets a target equalization voltage V tar that is a voltage for making the voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN constituting the assembled battery 100 uniform. .
- the target equalization voltage V tar is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily set. For example, a predetermined voltage near the full charge of the assembled battery 100 can be set as the target equalization voltage V tar. .
- a predetermined voltage for example, a full charge voltage or a predetermined voltage near the full charge voltage
- the target equalization voltage V tar set in this way is stored in a memory (not shown) provided in the battery controller 500.
- the control part 505 calculates
- each single cell C1, C2,..., CN constituting the assembled battery 100 is supplied to the capacity adjustment unit 504 with a uniform voltage at the target uniform voltage V tar .
- the capacity adjustment command for performing the control to become is generated, and the generated capacity adjustment command is sent to the capacity adjustment unit 504.
- the capacity adjustment unit 504 performs capacity adjustment based on the capacity adjustment command. Specifically, the capacity adjustment unit 504 controls the opening and closing of each switch 402 based on the capacity adjustment command, so that the voltages of the single cells C1, C2,. In tar , the capacity can be adjusted by performing uniform control. Alternatively, the capacity adjustment unit 504 controls the opening and closing of each switch 402 based on the capacity adjustment command, so that each of the single cells C1, C2,..., CN has a predetermined voltage, respectively. After that, the assembled battery 100 is repeatedly charged and discharged, so that the voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN become uniform at the target equalization voltage Vtar . It can also be done.
- control unit 505 receives the data of the terminal voltage, charge / discharge current, and battery temperature of each unit cell received from the voltage detection unit 501, the current detection unit 502, and the battery temperature detection unit 503, the abnormality determination unit 506, and The data is sent to the prediction unit 507.
- the abnormality determination unit 506 uses the data of the terminal voltage, charge / discharge current, and battery temperature of each single cell transmitted from the control unit 505, and the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state (a state in which usage restrictions are required). It is determined whether or not.
- a method for determining whether or not an abnormal state is present is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- the assembled battery 100 is charged and discharged within a predetermined time.
- the absolute value of the current value is integrated, the total amount (total charge / discharge capacity) is obtained as an abnormality judgment value, and it is determined whether the obtained abnormality judgment value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value. Judgment can be made.
- the predicting unit 507 predicts the abnormal time for predicting the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state based on the terminal voltage, charging / discharging current, and battery temperature data transmitted from the control unit 505. Perform processing. Specifically, the prediction unit 507 calculates the maximum voltage V max that is the terminal voltage of the single cell having the maximum terminal voltage among the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2 ,. The lowest voltage V min that is the terminal voltage of the unit cell that is the minimum is detected, the voltage difference ⁇ V that is the difference between these is calculated, and the time when the assembled battery 100 becomes abnormal using the calculated voltage difference ⁇ V. An abnormal time prediction process for prediction is performed. Then, the obtained prediction result is sent to the communication unit 509.
- the abnormal time prediction process according to this embodiment will be described later. Further, in the present embodiment, as the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state, for example, the capacity of one or more of the single cells constituting the assembled battery 100 is reduced, and use restrictions are necessary. It is possible to predict the time when the state becomes the abnormal time as the time when the state becomes abnormal.
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 stores the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated by the prediction unit 507 in a memory (not shown) provided in the battery controller 500.
- FIG. 3 shows a table showing the relationship between the SOC and the terminal voltage of a lithium ion battery as an example of the cells C1, C2,..., CN.
- This table is stored in the SOC table storage unit 510.
- the ratio of the terminal voltage change to the battery SOC change increases. In other SOC regions, the ratio of the terminal voltage change to the battery SOC change is small.
- the entire SOC range from the full charge S FULL to the discharge lower limit S L_LIM is divided into a plurality of SOC sections S sec , and such SOC and SOC sections
- An SOC section table showing the relationship with S sec is prepared in advance, and such an SOC section table is stored in the voltage difference data storage unit 508 in advance.
- each SOC range divided by a broken line corresponds to each SOC section S sec .
- the SOC range in which the ratio of the terminal voltage change to the battery SOC change is larger, the SOC range constituting the SOC section S sec is set narrower, and the battery SOC change is reduced.
- the SOC range constituting the SOC section S sec is set wider as the SOC region has a smaller terminal voltage change ratio.
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 stores the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated by the prediction unit 507 in the memory provided in the battery controller 500, first, as shown in FIG. Corresponding to the voltages of the plurality of cells C1, C2,..., CN (or the assembled battery 100) when the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V is calculated by referring to the SOC section table showing such a relationship The SOC section S sec to which the SOC area to be assigned belongs is determined. Then, the voltage difference data storage unit 508 stores the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated by the prediction unit 507 in a memory provided in the battery controller 500 in association with the determined SOC section S sec .
- the communication unit 509 uses the prediction result of the time when the assembled battery 100 obtained by the abnormal time prediction process by the prediction unit 507 is in an abnormal state as a wireless communication terminal such as a mobile phone of the user, or an in-vehicle device provided in the vehicle. And the prediction result is notified to the user via the wireless communication terminal or the in-vehicle device.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are flowcharts showing the flow of the abnormal time prediction process according to the present embodiment.
- the abnormal time prediction process described below is started, for example, when a vehicle equipped with the assembled battery system according to the present embodiment is turned on or charged.
- the following processing is mainly executed by the prediction unit 507 of the battery controller 500.
- step S1 the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN and the battery temperature are acquired.
- step S2 the target uniformization voltage Vtar set by the control unit 505 is compared with the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2 ,. single batteries C1, C2, ⁇ , is determined difference between the terminal voltage of the CN is whether or not the predetermined voltages V 1 or more is performed. If these differences are the predetermined voltages V 1 or more, the process proceeds to step S3. On the other hand, when these differences are less than the predetermined voltage V 1 , the present process is terminated, and the process returns to step S1 again.
- the targeted equalization voltage V tar, each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the difference between the terminal voltage of the CN is whether or not the predetermined voltages V 1 or judgment, the single cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , of CN, the terminal voltage of all the unit cells, the target uniform voltage V tar, when the predetermined voltages V 1 or more different, these differences are the predetermined voltages V 1 or more It can be determined that.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the terminal voltage of a predetermined number or more of the single cells is a predetermined voltage V 1 with respect to the target equalization voltage V tar .
- the predetermined voltage V 1 is not particularly limited, and is a voltage at which it can be determined that the target equalization voltage V tar and the terminal voltages of the single cells C1, C2,. For example, it can be set in the range of 1 mV to several tens of mV.
- a voltage difference ⁇ V that is a difference between the terminal voltages of the single cells C1, C2,..., CN is calculated. Specifically, first, based on the terminal voltage of each unit cell C1, C2,..., CN acquired in step S1, the maximum voltage V max that is the terminal voltage of the unit cell having the maximum terminal voltage; A process of detecting the lowest voltage V min that is the terminal voltage of the unit cell having the smallest terminal voltage is performed. Then, the voltage difference ⁇ V is calculated by calculating the difference between the detected maximum voltage V max and the minimum voltage V min . Then, the data of the calculated voltage difference ⁇ V is sent to the voltage difference data storage unit 508.
- step S4 the voltage difference data storage unit 508 of the battery controller 500 refers to the SOC section table showing the relationship as shown in FIG. 4, and this voltage difference is calculated from the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in step S3.
- the SOC section S sec to which the SOC region corresponding to the terminal voltage of each of the cells C1, C2,..., CN when the ⁇ V data is calculated is determined.
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 stores the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V in a memory provided in the battery controller 500 in association with the determined SOC section S sec .
- the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V includes the determined SOC section S together with the data of the measurement times of the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN used for the calculation of the voltage difference ⁇ V. It is associated with sec and stored in a memory provided in the battery controller 500.
- step S5 the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the previous process and stored in the memory is read.
- the voltage difference ⁇ V belonging to the same SOC section S sec as the voltage difference ⁇ V in the current process which is determined in step S4. Read only the data.
- step S6 the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the previous process and belonging to the same SOC section S sec as the voltage difference ⁇ V in the current process, and the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the current process
- the regression line is obtained by performing linear regression on the relationship between these data and the measurement time.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a regression line obtained by this embodiment.
- the measurement time is the x-axis
- the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V is the y-axis
- each data is plotted, and then the obtained plot is linearly regressed.
- a straight line can be obtained.
- Well-known methods such as the least squares method, can be used.
- step S7 we calculate the correlation coefficient R 2 of the obtained regression line in step S6, on the basis of the correlation coefficient R 2 calculated, to evaluate the reliability of the obtained regression line in step S6 .
- the threshold in this case can be set based on whether or not the reliability of the regression line is sufficient.
- step S9 based on the regression line obtained in step S5, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted. Specifically, a process for extrapolating the regression line obtained in step S6 is performed, and a time at which the voltage difference ⁇ V is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value ⁇ V ⁇ is calculated from the extrapolated regression line and calculated. The time when the battery pack 100 is in an abnormal state.
- the threshold value ⁇ V ⁇ is set to the battery pack 100 in an abnormal state (for example, the capacity of one or two or more of the cells constituting the battery pack 100 is reduced, and the usage limit is set. It can be set to a value that can be determined to be in a required state. Then, information on the time when the assembled battery 100 obtained in this way is in an abnormal state is transmitted from the prediction unit 507 to the communication unit 510, and the communication unit 510 uses the wireless communication terminal such as a mobile phone possessed by the user, The information is transmitted to the in-vehicle device provided in the vehicle, and information about the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is provided to the user via the wireless communication terminal or the in-vehicle device. In this way, by providing the user with information on the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state, it is urged to replace some of the single cells constituting the assembled battery 100. For example, the assembled battery 100 can be used longer and safely by the user.
- the error flag is a flag for determining whether or not data of the voltage difference ⁇ V in which the error probability P (the error probability P will be described later) is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold has occurred.
- the error flag is set for each SOC section S sec . That is, in the present embodiment, an error flag is set according to the number of SOC sections S sec .
- step S7 a threshold correlation coefficient R 2 predefined obtained regression line in step S6, when it is determined that the reliability is low, the flow proceeds to step S10.
- step S10 the error probability P of the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the current process is calculated.
- the error probability P is calculated in the previous process and data of the voltage difference ⁇ V belonging to the same SOC section S sec as the voltage difference ⁇ V in the current process, and data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the current process.
- Average value AVE ( ⁇ V) and standard deviation STDV ( ⁇ V) are calculated, and from “(voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in this process) ⁇ average value AVE ( ⁇ V)” and “standard deviation STDV ( ⁇ V)”, It is calculated by calculating the probability density.
- step S11 it is determined whether or not the error probability P of the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the current process is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value. If the error probability P is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the process proceeds to step S12. On the other hand, if the error probability P is less than the predetermined threshold value, the process is terminated and the process returns to step S1 again.
- the predetermined threshold the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the current process is a value that is clearly deviated from the distribution of the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated before the previous process. It is set to a value that can be determined.
- step S12 it is determined whether or not the error flag is set to 1 or more.
- the error probability P is calculated at the time of the previous process (step S10), and it is determined that the error probability P is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold (step S11), which will be described later.
- step S13 determine whether or not the error flag is set to 2.
- step S14 when it is determined that the error probability P is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value three times consecutively for the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V in the same SOC section S sec , the process proceeds to step S14.
- step S14 the relationship between the voltage difference ⁇ V and the measurement time is shown in the same manner as in step S6, using data for three points from the initial voltage difference ⁇ V data obtained three times in succession. Calculate a regression line.
- step S15 similarly to step S7 described above, the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line obtained in step S14 is calculated, and the regression line obtained in step S14 is calculated based on the calculated correlation coefficient R 2.
- the process proceeds to step S16, whereas, the predetermined correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line If it is less than the threshold value, the process is terminated and the process returns to step S1 again.
- step S16 the error flag is set to 0, and then the process proceeds to step S17.
- step S17 based on the regression line obtained in step S14, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted as in step S9 described above. Specifically, a process for extrapolating the regression line obtained in step S14 is performed, and a time at which the voltage difference ⁇ V is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value ⁇ V ⁇ is calculated from the extrapolated regression line and calculated. The time when the battery pack 100 is in an abnormal state.
- information on the time when the assembled battery 100 obtained in this way is in an abnormal state is transmitted from the prediction unit 507 to the communication unit 510, and the communication unit 510 uses the wireless communication terminal such as a mobile phone possessed by the user,
- the information is transmitted to the in-vehicle device provided in the vehicle, and information about the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is provided to the user via the wireless communication terminal or the in-vehicle device.
- the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V used in the error processing is read in step S5 described above, while the SOC for which error processing has not been performed.
- the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V used in the previous process is read as usual, not the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V used in the error process.
- step S15 if the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is determined to be less than the predetermined threshold value, in the processing of the next time, further, the error probability P are calculated ( Step S10), and when it is determined that the error probability P is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold (Step S11), a total of four points for which it is determined that the error probability P is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold (in addition, By performing linear regression on the voltage difference data of 5 points or more), a regression line is obtained in the same manner, and the above-described steps S14 to S17 are performed.
- step S10 the error probability P is calculated (step S10), and it is determined that the error probability P is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (step S11).
- step S15 repeating until the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is determined to be a predetermined threshold or more, so that the processing in steps S14 ⁇ S17 described above is performed.
- the voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN are used for capacity adjustment, and the voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,.
- the voltage difference ⁇ V between the single cells C1, C2, is grasped by obtaining the change with time of the calculated voltage difference ⁇ V. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the tendency of the change in the voltage difference ⁇ V can be grasped with high accuracy, so that the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state (for example, 1 or 2 of the single cells constituting the assembled battery 100).
- each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , voltage of CN is the case in the targeted equalization voltage V tar and predetermined voltages V 1 or more different voltage region, the voltage difference ⁇ V
- each cell C1 when the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V is calculated from the data of the calculated voltage difference ⁇ V with reference to the SOC section table showing the relationship as shown in FIG.
- the SOC section S sec to which the SOC region corresponding to the terminal voltage of C2,.
- only the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V belonging to the SOC section S sec is used, and the time-dependent change of the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V belonging to the same SOC section S sec is obtained, so that the assembled battery 100 enters an abnormal state. Predict the time.
- each SOC section S sec to partition the data of the voltage difference [Delta] V, for each SOC section S sec, determined the time course of the data of the voltage difference [Delta] V, thereby, the battery pack 100 is abnormal state Predict when it will be. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, only the voltage difference ⁇ V data belonging to the same SOC section S sec is used to obtain the change over time of the voltage difference ⁇ V, so that the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated at each time point is appropriately compared. Accordingly, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state can be predicted with higher accuracy.
- the time difference of the voltage difference ⁇ V is obtained, and the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted, so that the assembled battery 100 is abnormal regardless of the charged state of the assembled battery 100. Therefore, it is possible to predict the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state without being influenced by the usage habit of the assembled battery 100 by the driver.
- the regression between the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V and the measurement time of the voltage difference ⁇ V is linearly regressed. Since the time when the voltage difference ⁇ V is equal to or greater than the threshold value ⁇ V ⁇ is predicted from the straight line as the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state relatively easily and with high accuracy Can be predicted.
- the correlation coefficient of the regression line R 2 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, when the reliability of the regression line is sufficiently ensured, the time when the assembled battery 100 becomes an abnormal state prediction By doing so, the reliability of the prediction can be increased.
- the voltage difference ⁇ V is spreading relatively steeply, and therefore, when the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line becomes low, the error probability P becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. More than 3 points of continuous voltage difference data are collected, another new regression line is calculated, and the newly calculated regression line is used to predict when the battery pack 100 will be in an abnormal state. In addition, it is possible to predict when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state.
- the battery pack 100 In the above-described embodiment, among the SOC section S sec shown in FIG. 4, to keep the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in all SOC section S sec, in all SOC section S sec, the battery pack 100 In the example shown in FIG. 4, only the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in a part of the SOC sections S sec is stored in the SOC section S sec shown in FIG. Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted in the partial SOC section S sec .
- the SOC section S sec corresponding to the SOC region in which the ratio of the terminal voltage change to the SOC change of the battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio (that is, the SOC section in which the SOC range constituting the SOC section S sec is set narrow)
- a predetermined ratio that is, the SOC section in which the SOC range constituting the SOC section S sec is set narrow
- the voltage difference ⁇ V is set to a large value even when the capacity difference is the same as in the SOC region where the change rate is low.
- the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state can be predicted with higher accuracy than the SOC region where the change rate is low. For this reason, by adopting such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the number of data stored in the memory and reduce the calculation load, and to predict when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state with high accuracy. It becomes possible.
- the SOC section S sec to which the target equalization voltage V tar belongs is in the SOC region near the full charge S FULL , the SOC section S sec in the SOC region near the discharge lower limit S L_LIM is obtained.
- the SOC section S sec to which the target equalization voltage V tar belongs is in the SOC region in the vicinity of the discharge lower limit S L_LIM , it is in the SOC region in the vicinity of the full charge S FULL.
- the voltage difference ⁇ V is detected in the SOC region of the SOC section S sec to which the target uniform voltage V tar belongs, and the opposite SOC region, and this is used to predict when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state. It is more preferable. In this case, the voltage difference between the homogenized cells is sufficiently eliminated at the target equalization voltage V tar , so that the data stored in the memory and the calculation load can be reduced. However, the prediction accuracy in predicting the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state can be significantly increased.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are flowcharts showing the flow of the abnormal time prediction process in the second embodiment.
- the abnormal time prediction process described below is started, for example, when a vehicle equipped with the assembled battery system according to the present embodiment is turned on or charged.
- the following processing is mainly executed by the prediction unit 507 of the battery controller 500.
- step S101 as in step S1 of the first embodiment described above, the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN, and the battery temperature are acquired.
- step S102 as in step S1 of the first embodiment described above, the target equalization voltage V tar set by the control unit 505 and the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,. the difference is performed is determined whether the predetermined voltages V 1 or, if these differences are the predetermined voltages V 1 or more, the process proceeds to step S103. On the other hand, if these differences are less than the predetermined voltage V 1 , the present process is terminated, and the process returns to step S101 again.
- step S103 a standardized voltage difference calculation process is performed in which the voltage difference, which is the difference between the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN, is normalized and calculated to a predetermined specific SOC. It is.
- the terminal voltage with respect to the change in the SOC The ratio of the change of is not constant.
- the ratio of the terminal voltage change to the SOC change of the battery is large, while other SOC regions ( In the plateau region), the ratio of the terminal voltage change to the SOC change is relatively small. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the specific SOC ⁇ is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily set.
- the specific SOC ⁇ is an SOC region in which the ratio of voltage change to SOC change is large, specifically, , A predetermined SOC in the SOC region near the full charge S FULL or the SOC region near the discharge lower limit S L_LIM is set.
- the specific SOC ⁇ is set to a predetermined SOC in the SOC region where the ratio of the voltage change to the SOC change is large, as can be understood from FIG. 10, the obtained normalized voltage difference is relatively large. It can be calculated as a difference.
- steps S106 to S109 which will be described later, the calculation accuracy when calculating the regression line of the standardized voltage difference, and further, based on this, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted.
- the prediction accuracy can be further increased.
- the specific SOC ⁇ when the target equalization voltage V tar is in the SOC region near the full charge S FULL , the specific SOC ⁇ is set to a predetermined SOC in the SOC region near the discharge lower limit S L_LIM.
- the target equalization voltage V tar when the target equalization voltage V tar is in the SOC region near the discharge lower limit S L_LIM , it can be set to a predetermined SOC in the SOC region near the full charge S FULL . That is, the specific SOC ⁇ can be set to a predetermined SOC in the SOC region of the target equalization voltage V tar and the opposite SOC region.
- step S201 shown in FIG. 11 the terminal voltage of the single cell having the maximum terminal voltage is higher than the terminal voltage of each single cell C1, C2,..., CN acquired in step S101 shown in FIG. A process of detecting the voltage V max and the lowest voltage V min that is the terminal voltage of the unit cell having the smallest terminal voltage is performed.
- step S202 the maximum voltage V max, and a minimum voltage V min is detected in step S201, the battery temperature acquired in step S101, are stored in the SOC table storage unit 510, the unit cell C1 shown in FIG. 3, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , based on a table showing a relationship between the SOC and the terminal voltage of the CN, SOC of the unit cell having the highest voltage V max (hereinafter referred to as SOC max.), the unit cell having the lowest voltage V min The SOC is calculated (hereinafter referred to as SOC min ).
- SOC max SOC of the unit cell having the highest voltage V max
- SOC min the unit cell having the lowest voltage V min
- SOC min the relationship between the SOC of the single cells C1, C2,..., CN and the terminal voltage generally has a property of depending on the battery temperature.
- step S203 based on the SOC max and SOC min calculated in step S202, a capacity difference ⁇ Ah between the single cell having the highest voltage V max and the single cell having the lowest voltage V min is calculated.
- the capacity difference ⁇ Ah is, for example, the battery capacity (rated capacity or actual capacity) of each unit cell M1, M2,... MN constituting the assembled battery 100, and the SOC max and SOC min calculated in step S202. It can be calculated by multiplying the difference.
- step S204 based on the SOC of the single cell having the lowest voltage V min and the specific SOC ⁇ , based on a table showing the relationship between the SOC of the single cells C1, C2,..., CN shown in FIG. Then, the normalized capacity difference ⁇ Ah nor corresponding to the difference capacity between the SOC of the single cell having V min and the specific SOC ⁇ is calculated.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the calculation processing of the normalized voltage difference. That is, in step S204, as shown in FIG. 12, the terminal voltage of the cell having the lowest voltage V min is standardized in particular SOC alpha, is the normalized minimum voltage V min_nor.
- step S205 based on the SOC of the unit cell having the maximum voltage V max and the table showing the relationship between the SOC of the unit cells C1, C2,... from the capacity of the unit cell having a max, subtracted normalized capacity difference .DELTA.Ah nor calculated in step S204 described above, definitive after subtracting the normalized capacity difference .DELTA.Ah nor, voltage and SOC of the cells having a high voltage V max ( Hereinafter, the normalized maximum voltage V max — nor and SOC max — nor are calculated. That is, at step S205, as shown in FIG. 12, the terminal voltage of the cell having the highest voltage V max is standardized by normalizing capacitance difference .DELTA.Ah nor, it is the normalized highest voltage V max_nor.
- step S206 the calculated normalized minimum voltage V Min_nor in step S204, based on the calculated normalized highest voltage V Max_nor in step S205, the calculation of the normalized voltage difference [Delta] V nor is performed.
- the standardized voltage difference ⁇ V nor is calculated by calculating the difference between the standardized maximum voltage V max — nor and the standardized minimum voltage V min — nor .
- the standardized voltage difference ⁇ V nor between the single cells C1, C2,..., CN is calculated.
- the standardized voltage difference ⁇ V nor calculated in this way is a predetermined voltage difference corresponding to the capacity difference ⁇ Ah between the unit cell having the highest voltage V max and the unit cell having the lowest voltage V min . Since it is standardized with the specific SOC ⁇ , it is possible to enable comparison between data measured in different SOC regions.
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 of the battery controller 500 stores the data of the normalized voltage difference ⁇ V nor calculated by the above-described normalized voltage difference calculation process. Processing to be stored in the unit 508 is performed.
- the data of the normalized voltage difference [Delta] V nor is each cell used for calculation of the normalized voltage difference ⁇ V nor C1, C2, ⁇ , together with the data of the measurement time of the terminal voltage of the CN, the battery controller
- the data is stored in a memory provided in 500.
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 does not perform the process of associating with the SOC section S sec as in the first embodiment, and does not associate with the SOC section S sec.
- the nor data is stored in a memory provided in the battery controller 500.
- step S105 the process of reading the data of the normalized voltage difference ⁇ V nor calculated in the previous process (the process so far) stored in the voltage difference data storage unit 508 in association with the measurement time is performed. Done.
- step S106 similarly to step S6 in the first embodiment described above, previous previous data of the calculated normalized voltage difference [Delta] V nor in the processing, and data of the normalized voltage difference [Delta] V nor calculated in the process of this
- the regression line is obtained by performing linear regression on the relationship between these data and the measurement time.
- step S107 it is determined whether or not the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, and the correlation coefficient R 2 is determined. Is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the error flag is set to 0 in step S108, and the normalized voltage difference ⁇ V nor is set in advance in step S109 as in step S9 of the first embodiment described above.
- the predetermined threshold value ⁇ V ⁇ is exceeded, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted.
- step S107 If it is determined in step S107 that the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is less than a predetermined threshold value, the processes of steps S110 to S119 shown in FIG. 9 are performed.
- the processing in steps S110 to S119 shown in FIG. 9 is the same as the processing in steps S10 to S19 in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- each SOC section S sec sets the error flag for each SOC section S sec, rather than performing such processing, a single One error flag is set, and such processing is performed for all data of the voltage difference ⁇ V (the same applies to third and fourth embodiments described later).
- the present processing is terminated and the process returns to step S101 again.
- the second embodiment when calculating the voltage difference between the single cells C1, C2,..., CN, the normalized voltage difference ⁇ V obtained by normalizing the SOC of each single cell with the specific SOC ⁇ . nor is calculated, and the standardized voltage difference ⁇ V nor is used to predict when the battery pack 100 is in an abnormal state. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, the data compatibility between the voltage difference data detected under different SOC conditions can be improved, and thereby the voltage difference data is compared with high accuracy. It is possible to obtain the change with time of the voltage difference between the single cells with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the flow of the abnormal time prediction process in the third embodiment.
- the abnormal time prediction process described below is started, for example, when a vehicle equipped with the assembled battery system according to the present embodiment is turned on or charged.
- the following processing is mainly executed by the prediction unit 507 of the battery controller 500.
- step S301 as in step S1 of the first embodiment described above, the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN, and the battery temperature are acquired.
- step S302 as in step S1 of the first embodiment described above, the target equalization voltage V tar set by the control unit 505 and the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,. difference is performed is determined whether the predetermined voltages V 1 or, if these differences are the predetermined voltages V 1 or more, the process proceeds to step S303. On the other hand, when these differences are less than the predetermined voltage V 1 , the present process is terminated, and the process returns to step S301 again.
- step S303 whether each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , from the terminal voltage of the CN, each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , SOC of CN is in a predetermined SOC region S r predetermined A determination of whether or not is made.
- Each cell is the case in the predetermined SOC region S r that are determined in advance, the process proceeds to step S305.
- each cell is, when not in the predetermined SOC region S r that are determined in advance, the process is terminated, again, the flow returns to step S301.
- the predetermined SOC region S r with a predetermined but are not limited to, in the present embodiment, a large SOC region the ratio of the change in voltage with respect to the change of the SOC, specifically, near the full charge S FULL
- a predetermined SOC range is set in the SOC region or the SOC region near the discharge lower limit S L_LIM .
- step S304 similarly to step S3 of the first embodiment described above, a voltage difference ⁇ V that is a difference between the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN is calculated.
- step S305 the voltage difference data storage unit 508 of the battery controller 500 performs processing for causing the voltage difference data storage unit 508 to store the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in step S304.
- the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V is stored in the memory provided in the battery controller 500 together with the data of the measurement times of the terminal voltages of the single cells C1, C2,. Saved in.
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 does not perform the process of associating with the SOC section S sec as in the first embodiment, and the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V without associating with the SOC section S sec. Are stored in a memory provided in the battery controller 500.
- step S306 the process of reading the data of the voltage difference ⁇ V calculated in the previous process (the process so far) stored in the voltage difference data storage unit 508 in association with the measurement time is performed.
- step S307 as in step S6 of the first embodiment described above, the voltage difference ⁇ V data calculated in the previous process, the voltage difference ⁇ V data calculated in the current process, and the data A regression line is obtained by performing linear regression on the relationship with the measurement time.
- step S308 it is determined whether or not the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, and the correlation coefficient R 2 is determined. Is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the error flag is set to 0 in step S309, and the voltage difference ⁇ V is determined in advance in step S310, as in step S9 of the first embodiment described above.
- the threshold value ⁇ V ⁇ is greater than or equal to, the time when the battery pack 100 is in an abnormal state is predicted.
- step S308 when the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is determined to be less than the predetermined threshold value, the processing of steps S110 ⁇ S119 shown in FIG. 9 in the second embodiment described above is carried out (However, in the third embodiment, the voltage difference ⁇ V is used instead of the normalized voltage difference ⁇ V nor in steps S110 to S119). Further, after the processing related to steps S110 to S119 shown in FIG. 9 is completed, the present processing is terminated and the processing returns to step S301 again.
- the target equalization voltage V tar when the target equalization voltage V tar is in the SOC region in the vicinity of the full charge S FULL as the predetermined SOC region S r determined in advance, it is in the vicinity of the discharge lower limit S L_LIM .
- the target equalization voltage V tar when the target equalization voltage V tar is in the SOC region near the discharge lower limit S L_LIM , it may be set in the SOC region near the full charge S FULL . That is, the predetermined SOC region S r predetermined, and SOC region of the targeted equalization voltage V tar, can also be set to the opposite of the SOC region.
- the voltage difference between the homogenized cells is sufficiently eliminated at the target equalization voltage V tar , so that the data stored in the memory and the calculation load can be reduced.
- the prediction accuracy in predicting the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state can be significantly increased.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the flow of abnormal time prediction processing in the fourth embodiment.
- step S2 of the first embodiment the target equalization voltage V tar set by the control unit 505 and the individual cells C1, C2,.
- the process proceeds to step S400 and abnormalities are detected by detecting a minute short circuit. It is the same as that of 1st Embodiment except performing the short circuit abnormality detection process for predicting the time which will be in a state. That is, in the fourth embodiment, in step S2, the difference between the target equalization voltage V tar set by the control unit 505 and the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,.
- steps S1 to S9 and step S10 shown in FIG. 6 are performed as in the first embodiment described above. Processes S20 to S20 are performed.
- the target uniform voltage V tar, each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , when the difference between the terminal voltage of the CN is less than the predetermined voltage V 1 was in targeted equalization voltage V tar, each single It can be determined that the terminal voltages of the batteries C1, C2,..., CN are in a uniform state (or in a state in which almost no charge / discharge has been performed since the terminal voltage has been made uniform). Normally, it is considered that the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,..., CN are uniform. However, on the other hand, in the case where a minute short circuit has occurred in the unit cells constituting the assembled battery 100, the unit cell in which the minute short circuit has occurred may have a lower terminal voltage than other unit cells. is assumed.
- the targeted equalization voltage V tar, each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , when the difference between the terminal voltage of the CN is less than the predetermined voltage V 1 was, in the following.
- 15 and 16 are flowcharts showing the flow of the minute short-circuit abnormality detection process.
- step S401 in FIG. 15 in the same manner as in step S3 in the first embodiment described above, the difference between the terminal voltages of the individual cells C1, C2,.
- the voltage difference ⁇ V s is calculated.
- step S402 the voltage difference data storage unit 508 of the battery controller 500 performs processing for storing the data of the minute short-circuiting detection voltage difference ⁇ V s calculated in step S402 in the voltage difference data storage unit 508.
- the data of a micro short circuit detection voltage difference [Delta] V s is each cell C1 which is used for calculating the micro short circuit detection voltage difference [Delta] V s, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , data of the measurement time of the terminal voltage of the CN At the same time, it is stored in a memory provided in the battery controller 500.
- step S403 the process of reading the micro short-circuit detection voltage difference ⁇ V s calculated in the previous micro short-circuit abnormality detection process stored in the voltage difference data storage unit 508 in association with the measurement time is performed. Done.
- step S404 as in step S6 of the first embodiment described above, the data of the micro short-circuit detection voltage difference ⁇ V s calculated in the previous short-circuit abnormality detection process and the micro-short circuit calculated in the current process are used.
- a regression line is obtained by performing linear regression on the relationship between the data of the detection voltage difference ⁇ V s and the measurement time of these data.
- step S405 it is determined whether or not the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, and the correlation coefficient R 2 is determined. Is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the error flag for minute short circuit detection is set to 0 in step S406. Then, the process proceeds to step S407.
- step S407 based on the regression line obtained in step S404, the timing of the abnormal state is predicted by increasing the degree of minute short circuit. Specifically, a regression line obtained in step S404 extrapolation processing is performed, the extrapolated regression line, a micro short circuit detection voltage difference [Delta] V s is the threshold value [Delta] V beta for micro short circuit detecting a predetermined The above time is calculated, and the calculated time is set as a time when the degree of micro short-circuit becomes large and an abnormal state occurs.
- the micro short-circuit detection threshold [Delta] V beta that degree of micro short circuit is increased, may be set to such a value can be determined that an abnormal state, for example, a threshold [Delta] V alpha described above The same value or different values may be used. Then, the information on the time when the abnormal state is caused by the degree of the micro short-circuit obtained in this way is transmitted from the prediction unit 507 to the communication unit 510, and the communication unit 510 uses the mobile phone held by the user. It is transmitted to a wireless communication terminal such as a telephone or an in-vehicle device provided in the vehicle, and provided to the user via the wireless communication terminal or the in-vehicle device. Thereafter, the micro short circuit abnormality detection process is terminated, and the process returns to step S1 again.
- a wireless communication terminal such as a telephone or an in-vehicle device provided in the vehicle
- step S405 when the correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression line is determined to be less than the predetermined threshold value, the processing of steps S408 ⁇ S417 shown in FIG. 16 is performed.
- the processing of steps S408 to S417 shown in FIG. 16 is performed by replacing the short-circuit detection voltage difference ⁇ V s with the error instead of the standardized voltage difference ⁇ V nor in steps S110 to S119 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is the same as steps S110 to S119 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 9 except that a micro short-circuit detection error flag is used instead of the flag.
- the minute short circuit abnormality detection processing is finished, and the process returns to step S1 again.
- step S2 of the first embodiment the targeted equalization voltage V tar, each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the difference between the terminal voltage of the CN is less than the predetermined voltages V 1
- the process of performing the micro short-circuit abnormality detection process is exemplified, but the process is not particularly limited.
- the process of performing such a micro short-circuit abnormality detection process may be performed. In this case as well, similar effects can be achieved.
- the prediction unit 507 is the internal state detection unit and prediction unit of the present invention
- the voltage difference data storage unit 508 is the time-series data storage unit of the present invention
- the capacity adjustment unit 504 and the control unit 505 are The controller 505 corresponds to the target voltage setting means of the present invention
- the SOC table storage unit 510 corresponds to the SOC-voltage table storage means of the present invention.
- the mode of predicting the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state based on the change over time of the voltage difference of each unit cell is exemplified, but instead of the change over time of the voltage difference, A mode in which the time when the assembled battery 100 enters an abnormal state is predicted based on the time-dependent change in the SOC difference of each unit cell, the time-dependent change in the capacity difference of each unit cell, or the time-dependent change in internal resistance of each unit cell. It is good. In particular, there is a certain correlation between the voltage difference and the SOC difference of each unit cell. Therefore, in the above-described embodiment, the SOC difference of each unit cell is used instead of the voltage difference of each unit cell. Even in such a case, it is possible to employ almost the same configuration, which is preferable.
- targeted equalization voltage V tar and each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ instead of directly comparing the terminal voltage of the CN, after a targeted equalization voltage V tar, after more than a predetermined time If you are (is less than a predetermined time), the target uniform voltage V tar, each cell C1, C2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the difference between the terminal voltage of the CN is less than becomes a predetermined voltages V 1 or ( A voltage difference ⁇ V (a voltage difference ⁇ V for minute short-circuit detection) is calculated, and based on this, the time when the assembled battery 100 is in an abnormal state may be predicted.
- a voltage difference ⁇ V a voltage difference ⁇ V for minute short-circuit detection
- time series data of the voltage difference of other assembled batteries other than the assembled battery 100 is acquired, and the time series data of the voltage difference of other assembled batteries is obtained. It is good also as a structure which estimates the time when the assembled battery 100 will be in an abnormal state with reference.
- the configuration in which another regression line is newly calculated when three or more voltage difference data having the error probability P equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is continuously collected is illustrated.
- the voltage difference data having the error probability P equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is not particularly limited when three or more points are continuously collected. For example, when four or more points of such voltage difference data are collected, When more than that is collected, another regression line may be newly calculated.
- the embodiment in which the abnormal time prediction process according to the present embodiment is performed by the battery controller 500 has been exemplified.
- the abnormality detection apparatus removes the assembled battery 100 from the battery controller 500 via a wireless communication terminal such as a mobile phone or an in-vehicle device owned by the user of the assembled battery 100 or a networked charging facility.
- the terminal voltage of each unit cell to be configured is acquired.
- the abnormality detection device detects the voltage difference between the single cells under a predetermined condition from the acquired terminal voltage information, and performs the above-described method based on the detected voltage difference data. Therefore, it can be set as the structure which estimates the time when the assembled battery 100 will be in an abnormal state, and transmits a prediction result to the mobile telephone, the vehicle equipment, etc. which the user of the assembled battery 100 has.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態に係る組電池システムを示す構成図である。以下においては、本実施形態に係る組電池システムが、ハイブリッド車両や電気自動車などの車両用の電池として用いられる場合を例示して説明する。
次いで、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。
第2実施形態においては、図1、図2に示す組電池システムにおいて、異常時期予測処理が後述する方法により実行される以外は、上述の第1実施形態と同様である。
図8、図9に、第2実施形態における異常時期予測処理の流れを示すフローチャートを示す。なお、以下に説明する異常時期予測処理は、たとえば、本実施形態に係る組電池システムが搭載されている車両がイグニッションオンされたときやチャージオンされたときに、開始される。また、以下の処理は、主として、バッテリコントローラ500の予測部507により実行される。
すなわち、第2実施形態においては、各単電池C1、C2、・・・、CN間の電圧差を算出する際に、各単電池のSOCを特定SOCαで規格化した、規格化電圧差ΔVnorを算出し、規格化電圧差ΔVnorを用いて、組電池100が異常状態となる時期の予測を行なう。そのため、第2実施形態によれば、異なるSOC条件において検出された電圧差データ間における、データの互換性を良好なものとすることができ、これにより、電圧差データを、高い精度で比較することができ、各単電池間の電圧差の経時変化をより高い精度で求めることができる。
次いで、本発明の第3実施形態について説明する。
第3実施形態においては、図1、図2に示す組電池システムにおいて、異常時期予測処理が後述する方法により実行される以外は、上述の第1実施形態と同様である。
図13に、第3実施形態における異常時期予測処理の流れを示すフローチャートを示す。なお、以下に説明する異常時期予測処理は、たとえば、本実施形態に係る組電池システムが搭載されている車両がイグニッションオンされたときやチャージオンされたときに、開始される。なお、以下の処理は、主として、バッテリコントローラ500の予測部507により実行される。
すなわち、第3実施形態によれば、予め定められた所定のSOC領域Srにある場合に、電圧差ΔVを算出し、算出した電圧差ΔVを用いて、組電池100が異常状態となる時期の予測を行なうため、メモリに保存されるデータ数の削減、および演算負荷の削減を可能としながら、組電池100が異常状態となる時期の予測を高い精度で行なうことが可能となる。
次いで、本発明の第4実施形態について説明する。
第4実施形態においては、図1、図2に示す組電池システムにおいて、異常時期予測処理が後述する方法により実行される以外は、上述の第1実施形態と同様である。
図14に、第4実施形態における異常時期予測処理の流れを示すフローチャートを示す。
すなわち、第4実施形態によれば、目標均一化電圧Vtarと、各単電池C1、C2、・・・、CNの端子電圧との差が所定電圧V1未満である場合に、微小短絡検出用電圧差ΔVsを算出し、算出した微小短絡検出用電圧差ΔVsを用いることで、第1実施形態で予測可能な異常状態(たとえば、組電池100を構成する単電池のうち1または2以上の単電池の容量が低下してしまい、使用制限が必要となる状態)とは異なる異常状態、すなわち、微小短絡の度合いが大きくなることで、異常状態となる時期を適切に予測することができる。
Claims (16)
- 複数の単電池を備えた組電池の制御装置であって、
前記組電池を構成する複数の単電池の電圧を均一にするための電圧である目標電圧を設定する目標電圧設定手段と、
前記目標電圧において、前記組電池を構成する複数の単電池の電圧が均一となるように、容量調整を行なう容量調整手段と、
前記複数の単電池の端子電圧またはSOCを検出し、検出した端子電圧またはSOCに基づいて、前記複数の単電池間の電圧差またはSOC差を、電圧差データまたはSOC差データとして検出する内部状態検出手段と、
前記内部状態検出手段で検出された前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データを、時系列ごとに、記憶する時系列データ記憶手段と、
前記時系列データ記憶手段に記憶されている前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データのうち、前記目標電圧と所定電圧以上異なる電圧領域または該電圧領域に対応するSOC領域にて検出された電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化に基づいて、前記組電池が第1の異常状態となる時期を予測する予測手段と、を備える組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記時系列データ記憶手段は、前記単電池の満充電から放電下限までのSOC範囲を、複数のSOCセクションに区分けしたSOCセクションテーブルを備え、
前記時系列データ記憶手段は、前記内部状態検出手段で検出された前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データを、時系列ごとに、記憶する際に、前記SOCセクションテーブルに基づいて、前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データの検出を行った際におけるSOCに対応するSOCセクションと関連付けて記憶し、
前記予測手段は、前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データのうち、同じSOCセクションに属する電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化に基づいて、前記組電池が第1の異常状態となる時期を予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記複数のSOCセクションは、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率が大きい領域ほど、狭いSOC範囲をとるように設定されている組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、SOC範囲の大きさが所定範囲以下であるSOCセクションに属する電圧差データまたはSOC差データのうち、同じSOCセクションに属する電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化に基づいて、前記組電池が異常状態となる時期を予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、SOC範囲の大きさが所定範囲以下であり、かつ、前記目標電圧に対応するSOCの属するSOCセクションと異なる、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率を有するSOCセクションに属する電圧差データまたはSOC差データのうち、同じSOCセクションに属する電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化に基づいて、前記組電池が第1の異常状態となる時期を予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記複数の単電池のSOCと端子電圧との関係を示すテーブルを記憶するSOC-電圧テーブル記憶手段をさらに備え、
前記内部状態検出手段は、前記電圧差データを検出する際に、前記SOC-電圧テーブル記憶手段に記憶された前記テーブルを用いて、検出の対象となる複数の単電池のSOCを、所定のSOCに規格化することにより、規格化端子電圧を算出し、得られた規格化端子電圧に基づいて、前記電圧差データの検出を行う組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項6に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
規格化を行うための前記所定のSOCが、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率が所定値以上であるSOC領域にある所定のSOCである組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項7に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
規格化を行うための前記所定のSOCが、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記目標電圧に対応するSOC領域における、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率と異なる比率を有するSOC領域にある所定のSOCである組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記内部状態検出手段は、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記目標電圧に対応するSOC領域における、SOC変化に対する電圧変化の比率と異なる比率を有するSOC領域または該SOC領域に対応する電圧領域にて、前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データを検出する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、前記目標電圧に対する変化が所定電圧未満である電圧領域または前記電圧領域に対応するSOC領域にて検出された電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化に基づいて、前記組電池が、前記第1の異常状態とは異なる第2の異常状態となる時期を予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、前記時系列データ記憶手段に記憶された前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化を直線回帰することで、回帰直線を得て、得られた回帰直線に基づいて、前記組電池が第1の異常状態となる時期を予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項10に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、前記時系列データ記憶手段に記憶された前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化を直線回帰することで、回帰直線を得て、得られた回帰直線に基づいて、前記組電池が第2の異常状態となる時期を予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項11または12に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、前記回帰直線の信頼性の判定を行ない、前記回帰直線の信頼性が所定値以上の場合に、前記回帰直線より、前記複数の単電池間の電圧差またはSOC差が、所定の閾値以上となる時期を算出し、前記閾値以上となる時期を、前記組電池が第1の異常状態または第2の異常状態となる時期として予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項11~13のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段は、前記回帰直線の信頼性が前記所定値未満である場合には、前記時系列データ記憶手段に記憶されている前記電圧差データまたはSOC差データのうち、他の電圧差データまたはSOC差データの分布から所定値以上外れた電圧差データまたはSOC差データが所定数以上検出されたか否かの判断を行ない、前記他の電圧差データまたはSOC差データの分布から所定値以上外れた電圧差データまたはSOC差データが所定数以上検出された場合には、該電圧差データまたはSOC差データの経時変化を直線回帰することで、回帰直線を得て、
前記予測手段は、得られた回帰直線の信頼性の判定を行ない、前記回帰直線の信頼性が所定値以上の場合に、前記回帰直線より、前記複数の単電池間の電圧差またはSOC差が、所定の閾値以上となる時期を算出し、前記閾値以上となる時期を、前記組電池が第1の異常状態または第2の異状態となる時期として予測する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記制御装置の制御の対象である組電池とは異なる、他の組電池の複数の単電池間の電圧差データまたはSOC差データを取得する取得手段をさらに備え、
前記予測手段は、前記組電池が異常状態となる時期を予測する際に、前記取得手段により取得された前記他の組電池の電圧差データまたはSOC差データを参照して、予測を行なうと同時に、現在の組電池の状態が他の組電池を含めた全体の傾向に対する該等組電池の異常の程度を事前に判断する組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記予測手段により予測された前記組電池が異常状態となる時期の情報を、無線通信端末または車載機を介して、ユーザに報知する報知手段をさらに備える組電池の制御装置。
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US9490646B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
US20130234672A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
EP2642307A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
JP2012122787A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
JP5786324B2 (ja) | 2015-09-30 |
KR20130086233A (ko) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2642307B1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
CN103221835A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
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CN103221835B (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
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