WO2012065674A1 - Commande à manivelle légère et procédé de fabrication de ladite commande à manivelle légère - Google Patents

Commande à manivelle légère et procédé de fabrication de ladite commande à manivelle légère Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012065674A1
WO2012065674A1 PCT/EP2011/005307 EP2011005307W WO2012065674A1 WO 2012065674 A1 WO2012065674 A1 WO 2012065674A1 EP 2011005307 W EP2011005307 W EP 2011005307W WO 2012065674 A1 WO2012065674 A1 WO 2012065674A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lightweight
connecting rod
crankshaft
crank mechanism
piston pin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/005307
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marco Fandel
Tilmann Haug
Manfred Kurbjuhn
Karl Weisskopf
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2012065674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012065674A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
    • F16J1/16—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with gudgeon-pin; Gudgeon-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
    • F16C3/06—Crankshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/023—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J7/00—Piston-rods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
    • C21D2201/02—Superplasticity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/14—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/02—Carbon based material
    • F16C2206/04—Diamond like carbon [DLC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lightweight crank mechanism with components made of ultra high carbon lightweight steel for an internal combustion engine, and a method for its production.
  • the weight of combustion engines generally also depends on the stroke volume. Depending on the engine concept and cylinder arrangement, however, there is a large spread of engine weight for the same displacement, depending on the structural and material characteristics of the components.
  • crankshaft Conventionally, for the production of the crankshaft drive components crankshaft, connecting rod and piston pin about classic steel materials used, for example, the steel C70 for the crankshaft, and thus heavy materials.
  • UHC ultra high carbon
  • DE 10 2006 041 902 A1 describes a UHC lightweight structural steel with improved scale resistance, the composition of which comprises from 1 to 1, 6% by weight C, 5 to 10% by weight Al, 0.5 to 3% by weight Cr and 0.1 to 2.8 wt .-% Si and the remainder iron and common steel-accompanying impurities is characterized.
  • the steel composition disclosed therein does not refer to specific components.
  • DE 10 2008 032 024 A1 also discloses a density-reduced UHC lightweight structural steel whose composition contains 0.7 to 1, 6% by weight C, 5 to 12% by weight Al, 0 to 0.4% by weight Cr and 0.01 to 2.8 wt .-% Si and stabilizing alloying elements below 1 wt .-% and the balance iron and common steel-accompanying impurities.
  • suspension components, gear parts, gears or engine components for motor vehicles made of UHC lightweight steel. From the cited prior art it is known that UHC steels can have superplastic properties due to their relatively high carbon content after suitable thermal and mechanical pretreatment. In the case of forming in the superplastic region, which begins at about 600 ° C.
  • the object is to provide a lightweight crank mechanism, which provides by reducing the moving masses an improved friction behavior and thereby also increased agility of the engine.
  • the components of the lightweight crank mechanism according to the invention are obtained from density-reduced ultra-high carbon-containing lightweight steel, which is advantageous for reducing the weight of the crank mechanism.
  • the lightweight crank mechanism consists of crankshaft, connecting rod with large and small connecting rod and piston pin, the crankshaft is mounted in the large connecting rod and the piston pin in the small connecting rod.
  • the crankshaft bearing is formed in the large connecting rod by one or more thermal spray coatings, so that the waiver of a bearing shell also contributes to weight savings.
  • the piston pin of the lightweight crank mechanism according to the invention is equipped with a hard coating, so that even in the small connecting rod eye weight-reducing can be dispensed with a bearing shell.
  • the weight of the crank drive can be reduced by about 11% in a V6 gasoline engine, so that can be saved on this type of engine, for example, up to 3.8 kg.
  • the reduction of the moving masses of the crank mechanism leads to less friction, which manifests itself in an increase in the agility of the engine.
  • a suitable composition of a reduced-density UHC lightweight steel, from which the crankshaft components, crankshaft, connecting rod and piston pin according to the invention consist comprises from 0.7 to 2.0 wt .-% C; 5.0 to 12.0% by weight of Al; 0.01 to 2.8% by weight of Si; 0 to 2.0 wt% Cr; 1, 0 to 5.0 wt .-% Mn and Fe to compensate for the 100 wt .-%. Furthermore, steel-typical contamination traces may be included.
  • the high proportion of aluminum (AI) contributes to the reduction in density, so that the lightweight structural steel according to the invention can be advantageously used just for the production of lightweight components in the automotive industry.
  • the high Al content increases the Ai transformation temperature and thus the maximum superplastic processing temperature. This is further enhanced by a small increase in the silicon (Si) content, with silicon additionally contributing to the reduction in density, but here the deterioration of the mechanical properties must be taken into account by alloying Si.
  • an optimum Ai transformation temperature which allows high deformation rates without changes or damage to the structure, can be set.
  • the formation of scale at the elevated temperatures of the hot working is reduced, which is also supported by the Si content.
  • the brittleness of the reduced density UHC lightweight steel with the high Al content of up to 10% by weight is reduced or its ductility increased, so that during hot forming such as forging or rolling hardly any surface cracks occur and a steel blank made in this way can be directed at room temperature to remedy any distortions.
  • This density-reduced UHC lightweight structural composition has a stable superplastic texture, with mechanical properties improved in ductility for good hot and cold workability, with little or no contribution to expensive alloying elements such as Ni, Mo, V and / or Sn on. Even the low proportion of Cr - under certain circumstances can be dispensed with chrome - has a cost-reducing effect.
  • the increased manganese (Mn) content prevents the deterioration of the mechanical properties at room temperature, which is normally caused by the addition of Si, and which has a strongly embrittling effect.
  • the manganese content also helps to inhibit unwanted graphitization, which is favored due to the high content of Al and Si.
  • the structural state of a UHC steel after its metallurgical production usually does not allow a high forming rate during hot forming. This requires a structure with superplastic properties.
  • superplastic forming operations are less economical compared to hot forming processes, and deviation from the optimal superplastic structure is acceptable when a homogeneous, fine grained, spheroidal carbide distribution is present in a fine-grained ferrite matrix as well, with both carbide and ferrite phases being stable to grain growth and graphitization.
  • Exemplary particle sizes of the microstructure are below 10 ⁇ m, for example with an average particle size of less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • a predominant grain content is spheroidal, a low lamellar carbide content does not adversely affect the properties of the UHC steel.
  • the desired phase formation of the microstructure with fine crystallites or grains can be achieved by means of a suitable thermo-mechanical treatment.
  • the UHC lightweight steel has good elongation at break and strength values even at room temperature, the structure with the predominantly spheroidal phases shows little or no crack formation during cold forming.
  • a further suitable composition of the UHC lightweight steel consists of 1, 0 to 1, 6 wt .-% C; 7.0 to 10.0% by weight of Al; 0.01 to 0.6% by weight of Si; 0 to 1, 5 wt .-% Cr; From 2.0 to 3.0% by weight of Mn and to the proportion of Fe equal to 100% by weight and, if appropriate, with the steel-typical traces of contamination.
  • traces of contamination may be, for example, Ni, Mo, Nb, V and / or Cu. As a rule, their proportions are less than 1 wt .-%.
  • crank mechanism with the components made of UHC steel crankshaft, connecting rod and piston pin meets high thermal and mechanical demands and contributes to the lightweight construction to reduce fuel consumption.
  • UHC lightweight steels can also be used as the material for the components, as described in the prior art, to form the crank drive according to the invention with a thermally sprayed crankshaft bearing and a hard-coated piston pin.
  • the piston pin which connects the piston to the connecting rod, can be mounted floating in the small connecting rod eye with very little play.
  • the piston pin is surrounded by the hard material coating.
  • the hard-material coating can be conventional hard-layer materials such as hard metal, metal carbide, ceramic or in particular amorphous, diamond-like carbon (DLC).
  • the thermal spray coating used as a replacement for a bearing shell in the large connecting rod eye, which forms the crankshaft bearing may be a sprayed coating applied by means of arc wire spraying, plasma spraying or flame spraying.
  • typical bearing metal alloys come into question, including in particular bronze, brass, an aluminum bronze or an aluminum-bismuth alloy.
  • the thermally sprayed crankshaft bearing is formed from a plurality of thermally sprayed layers.
  • Different bearing metal alloys are used.
  • the last or uppermost sprayed layer may consist of an aluminum-bismuth alloy, while the underlying, previously sprayed layer is formed of a bearing alloy such as bronze or brass.
  • crankshaft, connecting rod and piston pin components of the lightweight UHC lightweight construction crank mechanism can be produced by hot forming in the temperature range 850 to 1250 ° C under air.
  • Hot working may generally take place in air in the range of 800 to 1250 ° C, since the reduced tendency to scale due to the Al and Si content of the UHC steel, no special inert gas atmosphere is required.
  • the temperature range of 920 to 1250 ° C is preferred: The Mn content increases the ductility, thereby eliminating the embrittling effect of the Si and thus counteract the cracking on the surface during hot working.
  • tempering at room temperature is possible after hot forming.
  • the lightweight crankshaft engine manufacturing method of the present invention as described above comprises the steps of hot working UHC light steel starting materials in a temperature range of 850 to 1250 ° C under air around the crankshaft, connecting rod and piston pin to manufacture. Then at least the large connecting rod eye is provided with one or more storage layers: This is done by thermal spray coating. Parallel to this, the piston pin is coated.
  • crankshaft is placed in the large connecting rod eye of the connecting rod and the piston pin in the small connecting rod eye. Thanks to the coatings, despite the material-selection-based reduction of the moving masses achieved, an improved frictional behavior and thereby also an increased agility of the engine is achieved.
  • the thermal spray coating by means of arc wire spraying, plasma spraying or flame spraying, wherein at least one bearing metal alloy, in particular a Bronze, brass, an aluminum bronze or an aluminum-bismuth alloy is applied.
  • the bearing metal alloy in particular the bronze or brass is applied, and then the surface of the large connecting rod forming sprayed layer of an aluminum-bismuth alloy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une commande à manivelle légère présentant des composants en acier léger de densité réduite à teneur en carbone très élevée et son procédé de fabrication. La commande à manivelle légère comprend un vilebrequin, une bielle munie d'un pied de bielle et d'une tête de bielle et un axe de piston, le vilebrequin étant monté dans la tête de bielle et l'axe de piston dans le pied de bielle. Selon l'invention, tous les composants, à savoir le vilebrequin, la bielle et l'axe de piston sont en acier léger UHC. De plus, au moins une couche de projection thermique est appliquée sur le palier de vilebrequin dans la tête de bielle et l'axe de piston présente un revêtement constitué d'une matière dure.
PCT/EP2011/005307 2010-11-17 2011-10-21 Commande à manivelle légère et procédé de fabrication de ladite commande à manivelle légère WO2012065674A1 (fr)

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DE102010051682A DE102010051682B4 (de) 2010-11-17 2010-11-17 Leichtbau-Kurbeltrieb und Herstellungsverfahren desselben
DE102010051682.1 2010-11-17

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CN104533958A (zh) * 2014-11-17 2015-04-22 柳州市二和汽车零部件有限公司 一种汽车用轴瓦
CN104358855A (zh) * 2014-11-17 2015-02-18 柳州市二和汽车零部件有限公司 一种汽车用机油泵驱动齿轮
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DE102015017189A1 (de) 2015-10-21 2017-04-27 Neander Motors Ag Schwenklager für zwei Pleuel
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DE102016001209A1 (de) * 2016-02-03 2017-08-03 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Härten eines Stahlbauteils sowie Antriebsstrangelement für ein Fahrzeug mit einem derart gehärteten Stahlbauteil
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