WO2012063423A1 - 音圧評価システム、その方法およびそのプログラム - Google Patents
音圧評価システム、その方法およびそのプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/12—Audiometering
- A61B5/121—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity
- A61B5/125—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity objective methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
- A61B5/377—Electroencephalography [EEG] using evoked responses
- A61B5/38—Acoustic or auditory stimuli
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for evaluating whether or not a speech has been heard comfortably. More specifically, the present invention relates to the degree of annoyance with respect to a pure tone for “fitting” in which a hearing aid or the like adjusts the amount of amplification for each frequency of the sound to obtain a sound of an appropriate magnitude for each user.
- the present invention relates to a sound pressure evaluation system to be evaluated.
- a hearing aid is a device that compensates for a user's decreased hearing by amplifying the amplitude of a signal of a specific frequency among various frequencies that constitute a sound that is difficult for the user to hear.
- the amount of sound amplification that the user seeks from the hearing aid varies depending on the degree of hearing loss for each user. Therefore, before starting to use the hearing aid, “fitting” that first adjusts the amount of sound amplification in accordance with the hearing ability of each user is essential.
- Fitting is performed with the aim of setting the output sound pressure (atmospheric pressure fluctuation that can be perceived as sound) to MCL (most comfortable level: sound pressure that the user feels comfortable) for each frequency of the hearing aid.
- MCL most comfortable level: sound pressure that the user feels comfortable
- an audiogram is measured.
- the “audiogram” is a result of evaluating a hearing threshold which is the minimum sound pressure of a pure tone that can be heard.
- “audiogram” refers to the lowest sound pressure (decibel value) that can be heard by the user for each of a plurality of frequencies, depending on the frequency (for example, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz).
- the amount of amplification for each frequency is determined based on the fitting theory that is a function for estimating the amount of amplification for each frequency.
- fitting theory There are several types of fitting theory. For example, the half gain method in which the insertion gain of each frequency is half of the hearing threshold of that frequency, and the Berger method and the half gain method in which the amplification from 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz is slightly enhanced in consideration of the frequency band and level of the conversation voice.
- UCL is measured for each frequency in the same way as the audiogram.
- UCL was measured based on subjective reports. Specifically, for example, an audiometer is used to present a continuous sound by an ascending method (increase the sound pressure level gradually), the sound pressure that is too loud to be tolerated is reported, and the sound pressure is measured as UCL ( Non-patent document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a method for estimating UCL from the relationship between the V-wave latency of a brainstem reaction and stimulus intensity, which is called ABR (auditory brainstem response).
- ABR auditory brainstem response
- UCL The sound pressure obtained by adding a constant (for example, 15 or 10) to the sound pressure at which the shortening of the V wave latency accompanying the increase in the sound pressure has reached its peak is defined as UCL.
- MCL most comfortable level
- the conventional techniques have various problems as described above. There is a need to solve at least one of these, preferably all.
- An object of the present invention is to realize an annoyance evaluation system that objectively measures UCL in a short time and / or with high accuracy.
- a sound pressure evaluation system is presented with reference to a biological signal measurement unit that measures a user's brain wave signal, a sound database that holds a plurality of pure tone data, and the sound database.
- a presentation sound determination unit for determining a sound, a sound determined by the presentation sound determination unit as a first sound to the user, and a predetermined time after the first sound is presented,
- An output unit that presents at least the sound having the same frequency and sound pressure as the second sound to the user; and a negative component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal starting from the time when the first sound is presented.
- a change amount extraction that extracts a change amount between the N1 component for one sound and the N1 component for the second sound, which is a negative component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal, starting from the time when the second sound is presented. And the amount of change extraction In based on the extracted change amount, the sound pressure of the sound that the presentation is a determining annoyance judgment section whether too large for the user.
- the change amount extraction unit obtains a change amount of an amplitude ratio obtained by dividing the amplitude obtained from the N1 component related to the second sound by the amplitude obtained from the N1 component related to the first sound, as the change amount,
- the annoyance determining unit compares the amount of change with a predetermined threshold, determines that the user is noisy when the amount of change is smaller than the predetermined threshold, and when the amount of change is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold.
- the sound pressure may be determined to be appropriate for the user.
- the output unit presents a plurality of pairs of stimulus including the first sound and the second sound, and the change amount extraction unit starts from the time when the first sound is presented for each pair of stimuli.
- the amplitude of the P1 component that is the positive component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal and the amplitude of the P1 component that is the positive component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal, starting from the time when the second sound is presented The event-related potentials of the extracted electroencephalogram signals are averaged for each of the plurality of sets of the first sound and the second sound, and the P1 component of the first sound after the averaging And the difference between the amplitude value of the N1 component of the first sound and the difference between the amplitude value of the P1 component of the second sound and the amplitude value of the N1 component of the second sound after the averaging It may be extracted as a quantity.
- the change amount extraction unit obtains, as the change amount, an absolute value of a change amount of a difference between an amplitude obtained from the N1 component related to the second sound and an amplitude obtained from the N1 component related to the first sound,
- the annoyance determining unit compares the amount of change with a predetermined threshold, and determines that the user is noisy when the amount of change is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold, and when the amount of change is smaller than the predetermined threshold.
- the sound pressure may be determined to be appropriate for the user.
- the N1 component may be a negative component of an event-related potential included in a range from 80 ms to 130 ms from the time when the first sound or the second sound is presented by the output unit.
- the P1 component may be a positive component of an event-related potential included in a range from 30 ms to 70 ms from the time when the first sound or the second sound is presented by the output unit.
- the sound database holds the sound in association with at least one sound characteristic of left and right ears of the user presenting the sound, the frequency of the sound, and the sound pressure of the sound, and extracts the change amount
- the unit may average the event-related potentials of the electroencephalogram signal for each of the first sound and the second sound and for each feature of the sound.
- the change amount extraction unit includes a positive peak value of an event-related potential of 30 ms or more and 70 ms or less starting from each time when the first sound and the second sound are presented, and the first and second sounds.
- Calculating the P1-N1 amplitude of the event-related potentials of the first and second sounds which is the difference from the negative peak value of 80 ms or more and 150 ms or less starting from each time when the sound was presented;
- the amplitude ratio between the P1-N1 amplitude of the event-related potential of the second sound and the P1-N1 amplitude of the event-related potential of the first sound is defined as the amount of change, and the annoyance determining unit has the amplitude ratio of the first It may be determined that the sound stimulus is noisy when smaller than a threshold value, and the sound stimulus may be determined to have an appropriate sound pressure when the amplitude ratio is equal to or greater than the first threshold value.
- the first threshold value may be 0.5.
- the output unit presents a plurality of pairs of stimulus pairs including the first sound and the second sound, and the change amount extraction unit starts from the time when the first sound is presented in the electroencephalogram signal.
- a P2 component that is a positive component of 160 ms or more and 250 ms or less and a P2 component that is a positive component of 160 ms or more and 250 ms or less starting from the time when the second sound was presented in the electroencephalogram signal are extracted and extracted.
- the event-related potentials of the electroencephalogram signal are averaged for each of the first sound and the second sound, the difference between the amplitude value of the P2 component of the first sound and the amplitude value of the N1 component of the first sound, and the first sound
- the ratio between the amplitude value of the P2 component of two sounds and the difference between the amplitude values of the N1 component of the second sound may be extracted as a change amount.
- the change amount extraction unit presents negative peak values of 80 ms or more and 150 ms or less, and the first sound and the second sound starting from the time when the first sound and the second sound are presented.
- Calculating the N1-P2 amplitude of the event-related potential of the first sound and the second sound which is a difference from the positive peak value of the event-related potential of 160 ms or more and 250 ms or less starting from each time
- the amplitude ratio between the N1-P2 amplitude of the event-related potential of the second sound and the N1-P2 amplitude of the event-related potential of the first sound is defined as the amount of change
- the annoyance determining unit has the amplitude ratio of the second If it is smaller than a threshold, it is determined that the sound stimulus is noisy for the user, and if the amplitude ratio is equal to or greater than a second threshold, it is determined that the sound stimulus has an appropriate sound pressure. Also good.
- the second threshold may be set to 0.55.
- the output unit presents a plurality of pairs of stimulus pairs including the first sound and the second sound, and has a frequency different from that of the first sound and the second sound presented immediately before.
- a set of sounds and the second sound may be presented.
- the sound pressure evaluation system further includes a minimum audible level input unit that inputs a user's hearing threshold, and the user's hearing threshold input based on the hearing threshold input to the minimum audible level input unit.
- An unpleasant level predicting unit for predicting an unpleasant level wherein the presentation sound determining unit outputs the first sound and the second sound from within a predetermined range based on the sound pressure predicted by the minimum audible level predicting unit. You may decide.
- the output unit outputs at least two of the first sounds having different sound pressures
- the change amount extracting unit outputs the two output firsts with respect to a difference in sound pressure between the two output first sounds.
- the difference in amplitude of the N1 component with respect to the sound is extracted as a change amount, and the annoyance determining unit determines whether the change amount is small or not based on whether the change amount is smaller than a third threshold. It may be determined that the sound pressure is appropriate.
- the output unit outputs at least two of the first sound and the second sound having different sound pressures
- the change amount extraction unit outputs the output 2 with respect to a difference in sound pressure between the two output second sounds.
- the difference in amplitude of the N1 component with respect to the two second sounds is extracted as a change amount, and the annoyance determining unit is noisy if the change amount is small based on whether or not the change amount is smaller than a fourth threshold. If not, it may be determined that the sound pressure is appropriate.
- a sound pressure evaluation apparatus is determined by a presentation sound determination unit that determines a sound to be presented with reference to a sound database that holds a plurality of pure tone data, and the presentation sound determination unit.
- An output unit that presents a sound as a first sound to the user, and presents a sound having the same frequency and sound pressure as the second sound to the user after a predetermined time after the first sound is presented.
- N1 component for the first sound which is a negative component of the event-related potential starting from the time when the first sound is presented, in the user's brain wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit
- a change amount extraction unit that extracts a change amount from the N1 component with respect to the second sound, which is a negative component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal, starting from the time when is presented, and extracted by the change amount extraction unit
- the presentation based on the amount of change
- a annoyance determination unit determines loudness for the sound pressure of the sound.
- a sound pressure evaluation method includes a step of measuring a user's brain wave signal, a step of determining a sound to be presented to the user, and presenting the determined sound to the user as a first sound.
- the step of determining annoyance compares the amount of change with a predetermined threshold, and determines that the amount of change is noisy when the amount of change is smaller than the predetermined threshold, and when the amount of change is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold. It may be determined that the sound pressure is appropriate.
- a computer program is a computer program executed by a computer, wherein the computer program receives a brain wave signal of a user from the computer and determines a sound to be presented to the user. Presenting the determined sound to the user as a first sound, and presenting the same sound as the first sound to the user as a second sound after a predetermined time after presenting the first sound;
- the N1 component for the first sound which is a negative component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal, starting from the time when the first sound was presented, and the time when the second sound was presented, Extracting a change amount from the N1 component with respect to the second sound, which is a negative component of the event-related potential of the electroencephalogram signal, and based on the extracted change amount; Te, is executed and determining a noisiness for the sound pressure of the sound that the presentation.
- the step of determining annoyance compares the amount of change with a predetermined threshold, and determines that the amount of change is noisy when the amount of change is smaller than the predetermined threshold, and when the amount of change is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold. It may be determined that the sound pressure is appropriate.
- a pure tone with the same frequency and the same sound pressure is presented twice in succession, the features relating to the N1 component of the electroencephalogram for the first and second sounds are extracted, and the UCL is calculated from the amount of feature change presume.
- the frequency gain can be set so that the user does not feel annoyed when wearing the hearing aid and is not tired even if the hearing aid is worn for a long time.
- FIG. 6 is a graph plotting P1-N1 amplitude ratio and N1-P2 amplitude ratio. It is a figure which shows the result of a subjective report experiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a procedure of processing performed in annoyance evaluation system 100. It is a figure which shows the structure of the functional block of the annoyance evaluation system 200 by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a UCL prediction value. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of the annoyance evaluation system 200 by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the functional block of the annoyance evaluation system 300 by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the functional block of the annoyance evaluation system 400 by Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- the annoyance evaluation system is used to evaluate whether or not a user feels noisy when listening to pure tones using brain waves as a user state during listening to pure tones. More specifically, this system presents a pure tone with the same frequency and the same sound pressure twice in succession, extracts features related to the N1 component of the electroencephalogram for the first and second sounds, and changes in the features. Evaluate the annoyance from the amount.
- Event-related potential is a type of electroencephalogram (EEG), which is a transient potential change in the brain that is temporally related to an external or internal event.
- the “N1 component” is a negative auditory evoked potential that is evoked at about 100 ms starting from the presentation of auditory stimulation.
- the “P1 component” is a positive auditory evoked potential that is evoked at about 50 ms starting from the presentation of auditory stimulation.
- the “P2 component” is a positive evoked potential that is evoked at about 200 ms starting from the presentation of auditory stimulation.
- “Negative component” is generally a potential smaller than 0 ⁇ V.
- “Positive component” is generally a potential greater than 0 ⁇ V.
- a potential having a smaller value is also referred to as a negative component
- a potential having a larger value is also referred to as a positive component.
- the comparison here is not an absolute value but a value including positive and negative.
- “Noisy sound pressure” is a sound pressure that is too high for the user. For example, the sound pressure is so high that the user feels uncomfortable.
- the “appropriate sound pressure” is a sound pressure in a range that is not less than the minimum audible level (hereinafter referred to as “HTL”) and that the user does not feel too uncomfortable.
- HTL minimum audible level
- Presenting sound means outputting a pure tone auditory stimulus.
- outputting a pure tone from one side of a headphone is a category of “presenting a sound”.
- “Pure tone” is a sound represented by a sine wave having only a single frequency component among musical sounds that repeats periodic vibrations.
- the time after the elapse of a predetermined time calculated from a certain time point in order to define the event-related potential component is expressed as, for example, “latency of about 100 ms”. This means that a range centered on a specific time of 100 ms can be included.
- EMP Event-Related Potential
- the terms “about Xms” and “near Xms” mean that a width of 30 to 50 ms can exist around the Xms (for example, 100 ms ⁇ 30 ms, 200 ms ⁇ 50 ms).
- first experiment pure tones having the same frequency and the same sound pressure are presented in a series of two times at predetermined intervals, and event-related potentials for the first and second sounds are respectively shown.
- This is an electroencephalogram measurement experiment.
- a stimulus presented twice in succession as described above is referred to as a “pair stimulus”.
- the first sound and the second sound may not have the same frequency, but may have different frequencies to the extent that humans cannot recognize them. Further, the first sound and the second sound may have different sound pressures so that humans cannot recognize them even if they are not at the same sound pressure.
- the second experiment is a subjective report experiment in which UCL (“uncomfortable level”, the same applies hereinafter) is measured based on the subjective report.
- Subjective reporting experiments were conducted before and after the electroencephalogram measurement experiment. Then, event-related potential components related to UCL were searched using UCL obtained in the subjective report experiment as reference data.
- Electroencephalogram measurement experiment In the electroencephalogram measurement experiment, paired stimuli are presented at a plurality of sound pressures that are assumed to include sound pressures greater than the sound pressure that is UCL, and the event-related potentials for the first and second sounds are presented. The feature change was examined.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 experimental settings and experimental results of an electroencephalogram measurement experiment will be described.
- the sound stimulus was a tone burst sound with a duration of 50 ms.
- the rise (rise) and fall (fall) of the sound was 3 ms.
- five types of sound stimuli 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 dBSPL) were prepared for each of the three frequencies (1000, 2000, 4000 Hz).
- the sound stimulation was presented one ear at a time using headphones.
- the same sound stimulus was presented as a first sound and a second sound in the ear on the same side twice at a predetermined interval.
- Fig. 1 shows an overview of the procedure for an electroencephalogram measurement experiment.
- the interval (inter-pair interval) between the first sound and the second sound in one pair stimulus was fixed at 300 ms.
- the interval between the first sound of a certain pair stimulus and the first sound of the next pair stimulus (inter-stimulus interval) was randomly determined in the range of 1000 ⁇ 200 ms.
- 750 pair stimulations were made into one block, and two blocks were carried out.
- the sound stimulus to be presented as a pair stimulus under the following constraint conditions. It is preferable not to select a sound stimulus having the same frequency as that of the immediately preceding pair stimulus. For example, when selecting the pair stimulus 002 in FIG. 1, it is preferable not to select a sound stimulus having the same frequency as that of the immediately preceding pair stimulus 001. Ears presenting paired stimuli are random on the left and right. However, it is preferable not to continue pair stimulation to the left or right ear four or more times. These constraints are thought to reduce the effects of auditory evoked potential habitation due to the continuous presentation of the same pair of stimuli.
- Electroencephalograms were recorded on the scalp based on the nose from Fz, Cz, Pz (all international 10-20 methods), right eye, right eye, and left and right mastoids.
- a “mastoid” is the mastoid process of the skull below the base of the back of the ear.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows the electrode positions of the international 10-20 method (10-20 System).
- FIG. 2B shows an electrode arrangement in which electrodes are mounted in this experiment.
- the sampling frequency was 1000 Hz
- the time constant was 1 second
- a 30 Hz analog low-pass filter was applied.
- a 5-20 Hz digital bandpass filter was applied off-line and rescaled to both mastoid coupling standards.
- waveforms from ⁇ 100 ms to 400 ms were cut out from the time when the first sound and the second sound were presented.
- ⁇ 100 ms refers to a time point 100 milliseconds before the time when the sound stimulus is presented.
- the inventors of the present application totaled and averaged the event-related potentials for the first sound and the second sound for each sound pressure regardless of the frequency. Moreover, in order to investigate the electroencephalogram characteristics for each individual left and right ear, for each frequency, and for each sound pressure, the inventors of the present application set event-related potentials for the first sound and the second sound for each individual, for each left and right ear, for each frequency. , Averaged for each sound pressure. Trials that included amplitudes greater than 50 ⁇ V in any electrode were excluded from the total or average.
- the first feature is to subtract the interval average potential of 10 ms before and after the negative peak of the N1 component from the interval average potential of 10 ms around the positive peak related to the P1 component occurring about 50 ms after the presentation of the sound stimulus. Obtained.
- This feature is hereinafter referred to as “P1-N1 amplitude”.
- the second feature is to subtract the interval average potential of 10 ms before and after the negative peak of N1 component from the interval average potential of 25 ms around the positive peak related to the P2 component occurring about 200 ms after the presentation of the sound stimulus. Obtained.
- This feature is hereinafter referred to as “N1-P2 amplitude”.
- the two diagrams on the left side of FIG. 3 show a total average waveform obtained by total average of event-related potentials for the first sound and the second sound in the center (Cz) for each sound pressure.
- the upper row is the total addition average waveform for the first sound
- the lower row is the total addition average waveform for the second sound.
- the horizontal axis is time and the unit is ms
- the vertical axis is potential and the unit is ⁇ V. 0 ms on the horizontal axis is the sound stimulus presentation time.
- the downward direction of the graph corresponds to positive (positive) and the upward direction corresponds to negative (negative).
- waveforms when sound stimuli of 90, 95, and 100 dBSPL are presented are indicated by a broken line, a thin solid line, and a thick solid line, respectively. It can be seen that the N1 component (negative peak) occurs about 100 ms after the presentation of the sound stimulus for the sound stimulus of any sound pressure.
- the two diagrams on the right side of FIG. 3 show the amplitude of the N1 component for each sound pressure obtained from the total addition average.
- the horizontal axis is sound pressure and its unit is dBSPL, and the vertical axis is amplitude and its unit is ⁇ V.
- Black circles indicate P1-N1 amplitude, and white circles indicate N1-P2 amplitude.
- the amplitude with respect to the first sound shown in the upper part gradually increases as the sound pressure of the sound stimulus increases.
- the P1-N1 amplitude with respect to the second sound shown in the lower row is decreased compared with the sound pressure lower than 90 dBSPL when the sound pressure is higher than 90 dBSPL.
- FIG. 4 shows the amount of change in characteristics related to the N1 component.
- the amplitude for the second sound was divided by the amplitude for the first sound.
- the black circle is the P1-N1 amplitude ratio
- the white circle is the N1-P2 amplitude ratio.
- the unit of the horizontal axis is a sound pressure value (dBSPL).
- dBSPL sound pressure value
- the other sound pressure values on the horizontal axis in FIG. 4 are divided using the potential in the lower right graph in FIG. 3 corresponding to each sound pressure value as the numerator and the potential in the upper right graph in FIG. 3 as the denominator. To do.
- the value obtained by this calculation is the value on the vertical axis in FIG.
- the method for obtaining the N1-P2 amplitude ratio indicated by white circles in FIG. 4 is the same.
- both amplitude ratios decrease with increasing sound pressure.
- the amplitude ratio for the sound stimulus having a sound pressure higher than 90 dBSPL is significantly reduced as compared with the amplitude ratio for the sound pressure of 90 dBSPL or less.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a continuous sound was presented by an ascending method using an audiometer, and the sound pressure that was too loud to withstand was reported, and the sound pressure was defined as UCL.
- the sound pressure at the start of the experiment was randomly determined from 60, 65, and 70 dBHL.
- the sound pressure of the continuous sound was increased by 5 dB. Sound pressures that were too loud to withstand were reported by raising hands. Immediately after the participants raised their hands, they stopped presenting the sound and recorded the sound pressure.
- FIG. 5 shows the average value and variance of UCL evaluation results measured by subjective reports.
- the unit of sound pressure was converted from dBHL to dBSPL in order to correspond to the electroencephalogram measurement experiment.
- the results of UCL measurement by subjective reports vary, the results of all participants were averaged regardless of the frequency of the presenting sound in order to examine the overall tendency.
- the results of the subjective report experiment conducted before and after the electroencephalogram measurement experiment were shown as before and after, respectively.
- the UCL significantly increased in the results (after) performed later (p ⁇ 0.001), but in both ranges of 90 to 95 dBSPL. there were.
- the result of the subjective report experiment fluctuated 5 dB or more between before and after in 58% of all results for each participant and each frequency. This indicates that annoyance assessment based on subjective reports includes ambiguity.
- noisy evaluation can be realized by the following method.
- the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is compared with a predetermined threshold (for example, 0.5), and the minimum sound pressure at which the amplitude ratio is smaller than the threshold is evaluated as UCL.
- a predetermined threshold for example, 0.5
- the error was 5 dBSPL or less at 61.9%.
- the example in which the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is used has been described.
- an amplitude difference may be used instead of the amplitude ratio.
- the change amount of the feature related to the N1 component may be obtained by subtracting the amplitude for the second sound by the amplitude for the first sound.
- the correlation that the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is remarkably reduced around the sound pressure that is the subjective UCL is maintained. Therefore, if the absolute value of the amplitude difference is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the user may determine that the user is noisy, and if the absolute value is smaller than the threshold value, the user may determine that the sound pressure is appropriate for the user.
- the UCL estimation accuracy is considered to be improved by improving the feature extraction method and the identification method for the N1 component.
- an identification algorithm such as linear discrimination or SVM (support vector machine) can be used instead of comparison with a threshold value. In that case, a predetermined threshold is not necessary.
- SVM support vector machine
- feature quantities of event-related potentials for sound stimuli below and above the sound pressure which is UCL acquired in advance by a general user, may be used as teacher data.
- the results of the brain waves and subjective reports of 12 participants were summed and averaged to confirm that UCL can be estimated using the ratio of the P1-N1 amplitude as an index.
- the latency and N1-P2 amplitude of the N1 component with respect to pure tone auditory stimuli change according to the intensity and rise time of the sound stimuli (Suzuki, et al. , 1985, Auditory brainstem response-basics and clinics-see p 384-385).
- the latency of the N1 component is shortened and the N1-P2 amplitude is increased as the intensity of the stimulation sound is increased.
- the sound pressure exceeds a predetermined level
- the latency of the N1 component is shortened and the N1-P2 amplitude is increased.
- “heading” means that the amount of change related to the decrease in latency and the increase in amplitude of the N1 component with respect to the increase in sound pressure of the sound stimulus is smaller than a predetermined value.
- the N1-P2 amplitude for the first sound roughly increased with increasing sound pressure up to the sound pressure around 90-95 dBSPL, which was reported to be UCL in the subjective report experiment. .
- the increase in amplitude reached its peak at higher sound pressures. Therefore, it is considered that the UCL can be measured by comparing the N1-P2 amplitude for the first sound with a predetermined threshold or by detecting that the increase in the N1-P2 amplitude accompanying the increase in the sound pressure has peaked.
- the amplitude of the event-related potential has a large individual difference, it is necessary to set a threshold for each individual.
- the increase in the N1-P2 amplitude is moderate, only the N1-P2 amplitude for the first sound is required.
- the accuracy of UCL estimation using as an index is low.
- the P1-N1 amplitude or N1-P2 amplitude with respect to the first sound of the pair stimulus is discriminated by a predetermined threshold, the P1-N1 amplitude ratio of the first sound and the second sound or the N1-P2 amplitude is used. In comparison, the estimation accuracy was significantly lower.
- the characteristic amount related to the amplitude of the N1 component for the second sound also peaked in the vicinity of the sound pressure evaluated as UCL by subjective reports.
- the P1-N1 amplitude decreased at a sound pressure higher than the sound pressure evaluated as UCL by subjective reports. Therefore, the feature amount related to the amplitude of the N1 component with respect to the second sound is compared with a predetermined threshold (for example, 1.0 ⁇ V), or the increase in the feature amount related to the amplitude of the N1 component accompanying the increase in the sound pressure of the second sound has reached its peak. It is also possible to measure the UCL by detecting that it has become.
- the feature related to the N1 component of the event-related potential starting from the time when the first sound and the second sound of the pair stimulus are presented is UCL. It became clear that it changed markedly around the sound pressure. Therefore, annoyance evaluation can be realized using, for example, the P1-N1 amplitude ratio of the event-related potential with respect to the paired stimulus as an index.
- FIG. 6 shows a correspondence relationship between the P1-N1 amplitude ratio and the noisy determination, which is summarized by the inventors of the present application.
- the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is smaller than a predetermined threshold, it is determined as “noisy”, and when it is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold, it is determined as “appropriate size”.
- the annoyance evaluation system presents a pair stimulus, and realizes the annoyance evaluation based on the amount of change in the characteristic regarding the N1 component of the event-related potential of the first sound and the second sound of the pair stimulus. This is realized for the first time based on the above findings found by the inventors.
- an amplitude ratio obtained by dividing the amplitude for the second sound by the amplitude for the first sound is used.
- an amplitude difference may be used instead of the amplitude ratio.
- the component that calculates the amplitude ratio may calculate the absolute value of the amplitude difference, and the threshold corresponding to the amplitude ratio may be changed to the threshold corresponding to the absolute value of the amplitude difference.
- the annoyance evaluation system presents a pair stimulus, extracts features relating to the N1 component of the electroencephalogram for the first sound and the second sound, and determines UCL from the amount of feature change.
- the exploration electrode is provided in the center (Cz)
- the reference electrode is provided in the left and right mastoids
- an electroencephalogram that is a potential difference between the exploration electrode and the reference electrode is measured.
- the level and polarity of the characteristic component of the event-related potential may change depending on the part where the electroencephalogram measurement electrode is attached or the way of setting the reference electrode and the exploration electrode.
- a person skilled in the art can perform an appropriate modification according to the reference electrode and the exploration electrode at that time, extract the characteristics of the event-related potential, and evaluate the annoyance. Such modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows the configuration and usage environment of the annoyance evaluation system 100 according to this embodiment. This annoyance evaluation system 100 is illustrated corresponding to the system configuration of Embodiment 1 described later.
- the annoyance evaluation system 100 includes an annoyance evaluation apparatus 1, a sound stimulus output unit 11, and a biological signal measurement unit 50.
- the biological signal measuring unit 50 is connected to at least two electrodes A and B.
- the electrode A is affixed to the mastoid of the user 5, and the electrode B is affixed to the central portion (so-called Cz) on the scalp of the user 5.
- the annoyance evaluation system 100 presents a pair of stimuli of a certain frequency and a certain sound pressure to the user 5 in one of the left and right ears, and measures the brain waves (events) of the user 5 respectively measured from the presentation time of the first sound and the second sound.
- a feature relating to the N1 component having a latency of about 100 ms is extracted. Then, it is determined whether or not the change amount of the feature with respect to the first sound and the second sound is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, and it is determined whether the user feels noisy.
- the brain wave of the user 5 is acquired by the biological signal measurement unit 50 based on the potential difference between the electrode A and the electrode B.
- the biological signal measurement unit 50 transmits information corresponding to the potential difference (an electroencephalogram signal) to the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 is in the same housing as the biological signal measurement unit 50 and the sound stimulus output unit 11, the annoyance evaluation apparatus may be a separate housing. In that case, the electroencephalogram signal measured by the biological signal measuring unit 50 is sent to the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 wirelessly or by wire.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 controls the presentation timing of the sound stimulus for the noisy evaluation, and presents the sound stimulus to the user 5 via the sound stimulus output unit 11 (for example, a speaker in headphones).
- the sound stimulus output unit 11 for example, a speaker in headphones.
- FIG. 8 shows a hardware configuration of the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 according to this embodiment.
- the noisy evaluation device 1 includes a CPU 30, a memory 31, and an audio controller 32. These are connected to each other via a bus 34 and can exchange data with each other.
- the CPU 30 executes a computer program 35 stored in the memory 31.
- the computer program 35 describes a processing procedure shown in a flowchart described later.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 performs processing for controlling the entire annoyance evaluation system 100 using a sound database (DB) 71 stored in the same memory 31 according to the computer program 35. This process will be described in detail later.
- DB sound database
- the audio controller 32 outputs the sound stimulus to be presented through the sound stimulus output unit 11 with the designated sound pressure according to the instruction of the CPU 30.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 may be realized as hardware such as a DSP in which a computer program is incorporated in one semiconductor circuit. Such a DSP can realize all the functions of the CPU 30, the memory 31, and the audio controller 32 described above with a single integrated circuit.
- the computer program 35 described above can be recorded on a recording medium such as a CD-ROM and distributed as a product to the market, or can be transmitted through an electric communication line such as the Internet.
- a device for example, a PC having hardware shown in FIG. 8 can function as the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment by reading the computer program 35.
- the sound DB 71 may not be held in the memory 31.
- it may be stored in a hard disk (not shown) connected to the bus 34.
- FIG. 9 shows a functional block configuration of the annoyance evaluation system 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the annoyance evaluation system 100 includes a sound stimulus output unit 11, a biological signal measurement unit 50, and an annoyance evaluation device 1.
- FIG. 9 also shows detailed functional blocks of the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1. That is, the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 includes an event-related potential change amount extraction unit 55 (hereinafter referred to as “change amount extraction unit 55”), an annoyance determination unit 65, a presentation sound determination unit 70, a sound DB 71, and a pair stimulus. A control unit 75 and a result storage DB 80 are provided.
- the user 5 block is shown for convenience of explanation.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 is connected to the sound stimulus output unit 11 and the biological signal measurement unit 50 by wire or wirelessly.
- the annoyance evaluation device 1 only needs to include at least the presentation sound determination unit 70, the sound stimulus output unit 11, the change amount extraction unit 55, and the annoyance determination unit 65.
- Each functional block (except for the sound DB 71) of the annoyance evaluation apparatus 1 is realized as a whole by the CPU 30, the memory 31, and the audio controller 32 as a whole by executing the program described in relation to FIG. It corresponds to the function.
- the sound DB 71 is a sound stimulus database for performing noisy evaluation.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the sound DB 71 in the case of using a pure tone with a sound pressure of 80 dBSPL to 110 dBBSPL at a frequency of 250 Hz to 4000 Hz, for example, for each left and right ear in order to perform annoyance evaluation for each left and right ear.
- the sound DB 71 shown in FIG. 10 holds information on the sound stimulus file to be presented, the left and right of the ear presenting the sound stimulus, the frequency of the sound stimulus, and the sound pressure.
- Each sound stimulus may be, for example, a tone burst sound (rise-fall 3 ms) having a duration of 50 ms.
- the duration of the sound stimulation may be, for example, 25 ms or 100 ms as long as the N1 component is clearly generated.
- the presented sound determination unit 70 refers to the sound DB 71 and determines the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus to be presented.
- the presentation sound may be determined randomly based on, for example, the following constraints. It is preferable not to select a sound stimulus having the same frequency as that of the immediately preceding pair stimulus. Present left and right ears in random order. However, it is preferable that pair stimulation to either the left or right ear is not continued four times or more. By doing so, the influence of habitation of the electroencephalogram due to continuous presentation of the same pair of stimuli is reduced, and a highly accurate annoyance evaluation can be realized. Then, the presentation sound determination unit 70 sends the determined sound stimulus information to the pair stimulus control unit 75.
- the pair stimulus control unit 75 receives the sound stimulus information from the presentation sound determination unit 70, and continuously presents the sound stimulus at a predetermined pair interval (first sound, second sound).
- the inter-pair interval is set to, for example, 100 ms or more in order to clearly generate the N1 component for the first sound and the N1 component for the second sound. Specifically, for example, it may be 300 ms or 200 ms. Further, the inter-pair interval may be arbitrarily set within, for example, 10 seconds or less as long as the influence of the first sound is not lost. You may hold
- the pair stimulus control unit 75 outputs a trigger to the biological signal measurement unit 50 in accordance with the sound stimulus presentation time of the first sound and the second sound. In addition, information about the left and right ears of the presented sound stimulus, the frequency, the sound pressure, and the inter-pair interval is transmitted to the change amount extraction unit 55.
- the sound stimulus output unit 11 reproduces the sound stimulus determined by the presentation sound determination unit 70 at a timing controlled by the pair stimulus control unit 75 and presents it to the user 5.
- the biological signal measuring unit 50 is an electroencephalograph that measures a biological signal of the user 5 and measures an electroencephalogram as a biological signal. Then, the EEG data is subjected to frequency filtering of a cutoff frequency suitable for extracting the N1 component, and a predetermined interval (for example, from ⁇ 100 ms) for each of the first sound and the second sound with the trigger received from the pair stimulus control unit 75 as a starting point. The event-related potential in the 400 ms section is cut out, and the waveform data (event-related potential) is sent to the change amount extraction unit 55.
- the frequency of the N1 component is about 10 Hz
- the frequency filter when a bandpass filter is used as the frequency filter, for example, the frequency may be set to pass from 5 Hz to 15 Hz. It is assumed that the user 5 is wearing an electroencephalograph in advance. An exploration electrode for measuring an electroencephalogram is attached to, for example, Cz in the center.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 performs an averaging operation of the event-related potential received from the biological signal measurement unit 50 for each of the first sound and the second sound according to the content of the sound stimulus received from the pair stimulus control unit 100. .
- the addition average calculation is performed by selecting only event-related potentials for sound stimuli having the same characteristics (frequency and sound pressure) for the first sound and the second sound, for example.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 obtains a feature related to the N1 component for each of the first sound and the second sound, and calculates a feature change amount.
- the P1-N1 amplitude is a characteristic relating to the N1 component
- a value obtained by subtracting the minimum value of the latency of about 100 ms from the maximum value of the latency of about 50 ms may be used as the P1-N1 amplitude.
- a value obtained by subtracting a negative peak at a latency of about 100 ms and a negative average of a period of ⁇ 10 ms from a section average potential of a positive peak at a latency of about 10 ms may be set as the P1-N1 amplitude.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 sends the calculated feature change amount regarding the N1 component to the annoyance determination unit 65.
- the annoyance determination unit 65 receives data on the change amount of the feature relating to the N1 component from the change amount extraction unit 55, and performs annoyance determination based on the change amount. For example, when the P1-N1 amplitude ratio of the first sound and the second sound (amplitude for the second sound / amplitude for the first sound) is received from the change amount extraction unit 55, based on the amplitude ratio. Determine noisiness.
- the determination may be made, for example, by comparison with a predetermined threshold value. In that case, when the amplitude ratio is smaller than a predetermined threshold, it is determined as “noisy”, and when the amplitude ratio is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold, it is determined as “appropriate size”.
- the predetermined threshold may be set to 0.5, for example.
- the description of the functions of the change amount extraction unit 55 and the noisy determination unit 65 described above is an example.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 is described as detecting the change amount of the feature related to the N1 component, but the annoyance determination unit 65 may detect the change amount.
- the annoyance determination unit 65 determines “noisy” or “appropriate size”, but may determine only a specific value. For example, the P1-N1 amplitude ratio of the first sound and the second sound may be used as the determination result.
- the result accumulation DB 80 receives information on the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus presented from the presentation sound determination unit 70. Further, the result accumulation DB 80 receives information on the result of annoyance determination for each pair stimulus from the annoyance determination unit 65. Then, for example, the information of the received noisy determination result is stored for each of the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus.
- FIG. 11 is an example of data accumulation in the result accumulation DB 80.
- stored for every right and left ear, every frequency, and every sound pressure is illustrated.
- “1” in FIG. 11 indicates the case where the annoyance determination unit 65 determines “noisy”, and “0” indicates the case where it is determined “appropriate size”.
- the reason why data is provided for the left and right ears is that the user can wear hearing aids on either the left or right or both. Since the annoyance evaluation system 100 according to the present embodiment needs to evaluate the annoyance for both the left and right ears, data for the left and right ears are provided.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of processing performed in the annoyance evaluation system 100.
- the electroencephalogram used by the noisy evaluation system 100 will be described.
- a negative electroencephalogram component appearing in the range of 80 ms to 150 ms is measured as the N1 component.
- a positive electroencephalogram component appearing in the range of 30 ms to 70 ms is measured as the P1 component.
- a positive electroencephalogram component appearing in a range of 160 ms to 250 ms is measured as a P2 component.
- step S101 the presentation sound determination unit 70 determines the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus to be presented with reference to the sound DB 71. Then, the determined sound stimulus information is sent to the pair stimulus control unit 75.
- Sound stimulation may be determined randomly based on the following constraints, for example. It is preferable not to select a sound stimulus having the same frequency as that of the immediately preceding pair stimulus. Ears presenting paired stimuli are random on the left and right. However, it is preferable not to continue pair stimulation to the left or right ear four or more times.
- step S102 the pair stimulus control unit 75 presents the sound stimulus determined by the presenting sound determination unit 70 to the user 5 via the sound stimulus output unit 11 (first sound). Then, a trigger is transmitted to the biological signal measuring unit 50, and information on the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus presented to the change amount extracting unit 55 is transmitted.
- step S ⁇ b> 103 the pair stimulus control unit 75 presents the sound stimulus determined by the presentation sound determination unit 70 to the user 5 again via the sound stimulus output unit 11 with a predetermined inter-pair interval from step S ⁇ b> 102.
- the predetermined inter-pair interval may be held in the pair stimulus control unit 75.
- a trigger is transmitted to the biological signal measurement unit 50, and information on the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus presented to the change amount extraction unit 55 is transmitted.
- information on the inter-pair interval may be sent to the change amount extraction unit 55.
- step S104 the biological signal measuring unit 50 receives a trigger from the paired stimulus control unit 75, and generates an event-related potential from, for example, ⁇ 100 ms to 400 ms starting from the trigger of the first sound and the second sound among the measured brain waves. Cut out each one. Then, for example, an average potential of ⁇ 100 ms to 0 ms is obtained, and the baseline of the obtained event-related potential is corrected so that the average potential becomes 0 ⁇ V. It is assumed that the biological signal measurement unit 50 always measures brain waves during evaluation and applies a frequency filter suitable for extracting features relating to the N1 component to the brain wave data.
- a suitable frequency filter is, for example, a band-pass filter that passes 5 Hz to 15 Hz across 10 Hz that is the center frequency of the N1 component.
- the baseline correction is not essential because it is hardly affected by the baseline change.
- step S105 the change amount extraction unit 55 uses the event-related potential cut out in step S104 based on the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure information of the sound stimulus received from the pair stimulus control unit 75, respectively. Addition average for each pressure.
- step S106 the change amount extraction unit 55 determines whether or not the average number of event-related potentials added to the sound stimulus presented in steps S102 and S103 has reached a predetermined number. If the average number of additions is less than or equal to the predetermined number, the process returns to step S101 and repeats the presentation of the pair stimulus. If the average addition count is greater than or equal to the predetermined count, the process proceeds to step S107.
- the predetermined number is, for example, 20 times. Note that “20 times” is the number of additions frequently used in the field of measuring event-related potentials, but this is only an example.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 may obtain S (signal) / N (noise) using the P1-N1 amplitude as a signal, and the number of additions at which the S / N becomes a predetermined value or more may be a predetermined number.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 performs the characteristics relating to the N1 component and the amount of change thereof from the event-related potentials for the left and right ears, for each frequency, and for each sound pressure with respect to the first sound and the second sound that have undergone a predetermined number of arithmetic operations. Is calculated.
- the P1-N1 amplitude is calculated as a feature, and the ratio of the P1-N1 amplitude to the first sound and the second sound is calculated as a change amount.
- the P1-N1 amplitude may be, for example, a value obtained by subtracting the minimum value of the latency of about 100 ms from the maximum value of the latency of about 50 ms.
- a value obtained by subtracting a negative peak ⁇ 10 ms interval average potential of about 100 ms latency from a positive peak ⁇ 10 ms interval average potential of about 50 ms latency is obtained by dividing the P1-N1 amplitude for the second sound by the P1-N1 amplitude for the first sound. Then, the calculated feature change amount is sent to the annoyance determination unit 100.
- the annoyance determining unit 100 receives the feature change amount from the change amount extracting unit 55, and identifies the change amount.
- the identification may be performed, for example, by comparing the received change amount with a predetermined threshold value.
- the predetermined threshold value may be held in the annoyance determination unit 65.
- comparison is performed with 0.5 as a predetermined threshold value.
- step S109 the annoyance determining unit 100 receives the identification result in step S108 and determines annoyance. For example, when the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is compared with a predetermined threshold value in step S108, it is determined as “noisy” when the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is smaller than the predetermined threshold value. Is determined to be “appropriate size”.
- step S110 the result accumulation DB 80 accumulates information on the annoyance determination result received from the annoyance determination unit 65 for each of the left and right ears and frequencies of the sound stimulus presented in steps S102 and S103.
- step S111 the presentation sound determination unit 70 determines whether or not the presentation of all the sound stimuli scheduled to be evaluated for noisy has been completed. If not completed, the process returns to step S101, and if completed, the noisy evaluation is terminated.
- the noisy evaluation system 100 of the present embodiment when the same sound stimulus is presented twice at a predetermined interval, based on the amount of change in the feature regarding the N1 component with respect to the first sound and the second sound, UCL is determined. Thereby, the hearing aid fitting which a user does not feel noisy at the time of hearing aid wearing is realizable.
- the change amount extraction unit 55 the amplitude of the N1 component (P1-N1 amplitude or N1-P2 amplitude) for the first sound and the second sound and the change amount of the P1-N1 amplitude for the first sound and the second sound are changed. Both may be extracted. Then, the noisy determination unit 65 detects that the amplitude of the N1 component with respect to the first sound or the second sound has reached a peak, and that the P1-N1 amplitude ratio is smaller than a predetermined threshold, and for the sound stimulus It may be determined that it is noisy. By using both in combination, there is a possibility that the accuracy of the noisy evaluation is further improved.
- the biological signal measurement unit 50 cuts out an event-related potential in a predetermined range starting from the trigger from the pair stimulus control unit 75, performs baseline correction, and changes potential waveform data. Suppose that it transmits to the quantity extraction part 55.
- this process is an example.
- the biological signal measurement unit 50 may continuously measure the brain wave, and the change amount extraction unit 55 may perform necessary event-related potential extraction and baseline correction. If it is the said structure, the pair stimulus control part 75 does not need to transmit a trigger to the biological signal measurement part 50, and should just transmit a trigger to the variation
- the result of the noisy evaluation is stored in the result storage DB 80, but it may not be stored.
- each determination result of the annoyance determination unit 65 may be simply output.
- Each determination result can be used as information regarding annoyance.
- exploratory noisy evaluation with a wide range of sound pressures as described above has the problem that it takes time and may hurt the user's ear due to the presentation of sound stimuli with a sound pressure above UCL.
- an annoyance evaluation system will be described in which an HTL that is a hearing threshold for each user is input, UCL is virtually predicted from the input hearing threshold, and noisy evaluation is limited to the vicinity of the predicted UCL. .
- FIG. 13 shows a functional block configuration of the annoyance evaluation system 200 according to the present embodiment.
- the annoyance evaluation system 200 includes an HTL input unit 12, a sound stimulus output unit 11, a biological signal measurement unit 50, and an annoyance evaluation device 2.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 2 is connected to the sound stimulus output unit 11, the HTL input unit 12, and the biological signal measurement unit 50 by wire or wirelessly.
- the same blocks as those in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 2 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is realized by executing a program that defines processing different from the program 35 (FIG. 8) described in the first embodiment.
- a discomfort level (UCL) prediction unit 72 is newly provided.
- the names of the constituent elements of the annoyance evaluation apparatus 2 are the same as those of the first embodiment, but different reference numerals are used when they have different operations and / or functions.
- a restricted presentation sound determination unit 73 is provided instead of the presentation sound determination unit 70. ing.
- the HTL input unit 12 the UCL prediction unit 72, and the constraint presentation sound determination unit 73 will be described.
- the HTL input unit 12 receives separately acquired hearing threshold information of a user from a hearing aid fitting specialist using the hearing aid fitting software. Then, the information is sent to the UCL prediction unit 72. This information is threshold information for each frequency that is used to determine a range in which a user inspection is performed.
- the restriction presentation sound determination unit 73 refers to the sound DB 71 in the same manner as the presentation sound determination unit 70 according to the first embodiment, and determines the left and right ears, frequency, and sound pressure of the sound stimulus.
- the difference from the presented sound determination unit 70 is that sound stimulation is selected from the sound pressure within a predetermined range based on the UCL prediction value received from the UCL prediction unit 72.
- the predetermined range may be, for example, UCL predicted value ⁇ 5 dB or ⁇ 10 dB for each of the left and right ears and the frequency.
- sound stimuli having sound pressures within a predetermined range may be determined randomly based on the following constraints. It is preferable not to select a sound stimulus having the same frequency as that of the immediately preceding pair stimulus. Ears presenting paired stimuli are random on the left and right. However, it is preferable not to continue pair stimulation to the left or right ear four or more times.
- FIG. 15 shows a processing procedure of the noisy evaluation system 200 according to the present embodiment.
- steps that perform the same process as the process (FIG. 12) of the noisy evaluation system 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- step S201 the HTL input unit 12 receives information on the hearing threshold for each user's left and right ears and for each frequency separately acquired from an expert who performs hearing aid fitting. Then, the information is sent to the UCL prediction unit 72.
- the UCL prediction unit 72 receives the HTL information for each user received from the HTL input unit 12, and performs UCL prediction for each left and right ear and for each frequency.
- the prediction of UCL may be calculated, for example, by dividing the HTL value for each left and right ear and for each frequency by a predetermined value 2 and adding a predetermined value ⁇ to the left and right ears as shown in Equation 1.
- the constraint presentation sound determination unit 73 selects and determines a sound stimulus from sound pressures within a predetermined range based on the temporary UCL sound pressure predicted by the UCL prediction unit 72.
- the predetermined range may be, for example, UCL predicted value ⁇ 5 dB or ⁇ 10 dB for each of the left and right ears and the frequency.
- Sound stimulation may be determined randomly within a predetermined range, for example, based on the following constraints. It is preferable not to select a sound stimulus having the same frequency as that of the immediately preceding pair stimulus. Ears presenting paired stimuli are random on the left and right. However, it is preferable not to continue pair stimulation to the left or right ear four or more times.
- step S204 the restriction
- UCL which is a sound pressure that is so large that the user feels uncomfortable, can be measured with high accuracy in a short time.
- annoyance evaluation can be performed with respect to a sound pressure within a predetermined range with reference to a provisional UCL sound pressure predicted from the input HTL. As a result, the user's UCL evaluation can be realized in a shorter time.
- the annoyance evaluation system 100 illustrated in FIG. 9 and the annoyance evaluation system 200 illustrated in FIG. 13 may be configured as an integrated apparatus.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 3 includes a change amount extraction unit 55, an annoyance determination unit 65, a presentation sound determination unit 70, and a pair stimulus control unit 75.
- the annoyance evaluation system 300 includes a sound stimulus output unit 11, a biological signal measurement unit 50, a sound DB 71, a result accumulation DB 80, and an annoyance evaluation device 3.
- the annoyance evaluation device 3 is the same except that the sound DB 71 and the result accumulation DB 80 are removed from the annoyance evaluation device 1 shown in FIG.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 3 is connected to the sound DB 71 and the result storage DB 80 by wire or wireless, and transmits and receives information.
- the annoyance evaluation device 4 includes a change amount extraction unit 55, an annoyance determination unit 65, a UCL prediction unit 72, a constraint presentation sound determination unit 73, and a pair stimulus control unit 75. ing.
- the annoyance evaluation system 400 includes an HTL input unit 12, a sound stimulus output unit 11, a biological signal measurement unit 50, a sound DB 71, a result accumulation DB 80, and an annoyance evaluation device 4.
- the noisy evaluation device 4 is the same except that the sound DB 71 and the result accumulation DB 80 are removed from the annoyance evaluation device 2 shown in FIG.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus 4 is connected to the sound DB 71 and the result storage DB 80 by wire or wireless, and transmits and receives information.
- the annoyance evaluation apparatus system the annoyance evaluation apparatus, and the annoyance evaluation method are also referred to as a sound pressure evaluation system, a sound pressure evaluation apparatus, and a sound pressure evaluation method, respectively.
- the annoyance evaluation system incorporating the sound pressure evaluation apparatus and the sound pressure evaluation apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to objectively and accurately measure whether the sound pressure is so loud that the user feels uncomfortable. As a result, it is possible to realize a hearing aid fitting that does not cause the user to feel annoyance and does not get tired while listening, and thus can be used for fitting of all hearing aid users.
Abstract
Description
本願発明者らは、短時間かつ高精度でUCLを客観的に測定するうるささ評価の実現を目指し、純音に対するうるささを反映した脳波特徴成分を特定するために以下2つの実験を実施した。
2-1.脳波計測実験
脳波計測実験では、UCLである音圧より大きな音圧が含まれることが想定される複数の音圧でペア刺激を呈示し、第1音目と第2音目に対する事象関連電位の特徴変化を調べた。以下、図1から図4を参照しながら、脳波計測実験の実験設定および実験結果を説明する。
主観報告実験は、脳波計測実験の前後それぞれにおいて実施した。非特許文献1と同様に、オージオメータを用いて連続音を上昇法で呈示し、うるさすぎて耐えられない音圧を報告させ、その音圧をUCLとした。脳波計測実験で呈示する3周波数(1000、2000、4000Hz)それぞれについて、片耳ずつ両耳の測定を実施した。音圧の予測をさせないために、実験開始の音圧は、60、65、70dBHLからランダムに決定した。連続音の音圧は5dBずつ上昇させた。うるさすぎて耐えられない音圧は、挙手によって報告させた。参加者の挙手直後に音呈示をやめ、その音圧を記録した。
図5に示したとおり、主観報告実験の結果、参加者がうるさすぎて耐えられないと報告した音圧は90から95dBSPLの範囲内であった。また、図4に示したとおり脳波計測実験の結果、P1-N1振幅比は、ペア刺激の音圧が90から95dBSPLの場合に顕著に減少した。これらの結果から、本願発明者らは、主観的なUCLである音圧周辺において、P1-N1振幅比が顕著に減少しているという相関関係を見出した。このような相関関係に基づけば、ペア刺激の第1音および第2音に対するN1成分の特徴の変化量を指標にすることにより、UCLに関するうるささ評価を実現できるといえる。
以下では、まず、うるささ評価システムの概要を説明する。その後、うるささ評価装置を含むうるささ評価システムの構成および動作を説明する。
実施形態1によるうるささ評価システム100では、第1音目と第2音目のN1成分に関する特徴の変化量に基づいたうるささ判定を、音DB71に保存されたたとえば80dBSPLから110dBSPLの全ての音刺激に対して探索的に実施した。
(式1) UCL値=HTL/2+α
5 ユーザ
11 音刺激出力部
12 HTL入力部
50 生体信号計測部
55 事象関連電位変化量抽出部
65 うるささ判定部
70 呈示音決定部
71 音DB
72 UCL予測部
73 制約呈示音決定部
80 結果蓄積DB
100、200、300、400 うるささ評価システム
Claims (21)
- ユーザの脳波信号を計測する生体信号計測部と、
純音のデータを複数保持している音データベースと、
前記音データベースを参照して、呈示する音を決定する呈示音決定部と、
前記呈示音決定部で決定された音を第1音として前記ユーザに呈示し、前記第1音を呈示してから所定の時間後に、前記第1音と少なくとも周波数及び音圧が同じ音を第2音として前記ユーザに呈示する出力部と、
前記第1音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第1音に対するN1成分と、前記第2音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第2音に対するN1成分との変化量を抽出する変化量抽出部と、
前記変化量抽出部で抽出した変化量に基づいて、前記呈示した音の音圧が前記ユーザにとって大きすぎるか否かを判定するうるささ判定部と
を備えた、音圧評価システム。 - 前記変化量抽出部は、前記変化量として、前記第2音に関するN1成分から得られた振幅を、前記第1音に関するN1成分から得られた振幅で除算した振幅比の変化量を求め、
前記うるささ判定部は、前記変化量を所定の閾値と比較し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値よりも小さい場合に、前記ユーザにとってうるさいと判定し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値以上の場合に、前記ユーザにとって適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記出力部は、前記第1音及び前記第2音を含むペア刺激を、複数組呈示し、
前記変化量抽出部は、前記ペア刺激ごとに、前記第1音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陽性成分であるP1成分の振幅と、前記第2音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陽性成分であるP1成分の振幅との変化量を抽出し、前記抽出した脳波信号の事象関連電位を、前記複数組の前記第1音ごと及び前記第2音ごとに加算平均し、加算平均後の前記第1音のP1成分の振幅値及び前記第1音のN1成分の振幅値の差分と、加算平均後の前記第2音のP1成分の振幅値及び前記第2音のN1成分の振幅値の差分との比を変化量として抽出する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記変化量抽出部は、前記変化量として、前記第2音に関するN1成分から得られた振幅と、前記第1音に関するN1成分から得られた振幅との差分の変化量の絶対値を求め、
前記うるささ判定部は、前記変化量を所定の閾値と比較し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値以上の場合に、前記ユーザにとってうるさいと判定し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値より小さい場合に、前記ユーザにとって適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記N1成分は、前記出力部により第1音又は第2音が呈示された時刻から、80ms以上130ms以下の範囲に含まれる事象関連電位の陰性成分である、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。
- 前記P1成分は、前記出力部により第1音又は第2音が呈示された時刻から、30ms以上70ms以下の範囲に含まれる事象関連電位の陽性成分である、請求項3に記載の音圧評価システム。
- 前記音データベースは、前記音と、前記音を呈示するユーザの左右の耳、前記音の周波数、および前記音の音圧の少なくとも1つの音の特徴とを対応付けて保持し、
前記変化量抽出部は、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位を、前記第1音及び前記第2音ごとに、並びに前記音の特徴ごとに、加算平均する、請求項5に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記変化量抽出部は、前記第1音及び前記第2音が呈示されたそれぞれの時刻を起点とした、30ms以上70ms以下の事象関連電位の陽性のピーク値と、第1音目及び第2音目が呈示されたそれぞれの時刻を起点とした、80ms以上150ms以下の陰性のピーク値との差分である、前記第1音及び第2音の事象関連電位のP1-N1振幅を算出し、前記第2音の事象関連電位のP1-N1振幅と前記第1音の事象関連電位のP1-N1振幅との振幅比を前記変化量とし、
前記うるささ判定部は、前記振幅比が第1の閾値よりも小さい場合に、前記音刺激はうるさかったと判定し、前記振幅比が前記第1の閾値以上の場合に前記音刺激は適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項3に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記第1の閾値は、0.5である、請求項8に記載の音圧評価システム。
- 前記出力部は、前記第1音及び前記第2音を含むペア刺激を、複数組呈示し、
前記変化量抽出部は、前記脳波信号において、前記第1音が呈示された時刻を起点とする160ms以上250ms以下の陽性成分であるP2成分と、前記脳波信号において、前記第2音が呈示された時刻を起点とする160ms以上250ms以下の陽性成分であるP2成分とを抽出し、前記抽出した脳波信号の事象関連電位を、前記第1音及び前記第2音ごとに加算平均し、前記第1音のP2成分の振幅値及び前記第1音のN1成分の振幅値の差分と、前記第2音のP2成分の振幅値及び前記第2音のN1成分の振幅値の差分との比を変化量として抽出する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記変化量抽出部は、第1音目及び第2音目が呈示されたそれぞれの時刻を起点とした、80ms以上150ms以下の陰性のピーク値と、前記第1音及び前記第2音が呈示されたそれぞれの時刻を起点とした、160ms以上250ms以下の事象関連電位の陽性のピーク値との差分である、前記第1音及び第2音の事象関連電位のN1-P2振幅を算出し、前記第2音の事象関連電位のN1-P2振幅と前記第1音の事象関連電位のN1-P2振幅との振幅比を前記変化量とし、
前記うるささ判定部は、前記振幅比が第2の閾値よりも小さい場合には、前記音刺激は前記ユーザにとってうるさかったと判定し、前記振幅比が第2の閾値以上であった場合には、前記音刺激は適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項10に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記第2の閾値を0.55とする、請求項11に記載の音圧評価システム。
- 前記出力部は、前記第1音及び前記第2音を含むペア刺激を、複数組呈示し、直前に呈示された前記第1音及び前記第2音の組と異なる周波数を有する、前記第1音及び前記第2音の組を呈示する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。
- さらに、ユーザの聴力閾値を入力する最小可聴レベル入力部と、
前記最小可聴レベル入力部に入力された前記聴力閾値に基づいて、前記ユーザの不快レベルを予測する不快レベル予測部とをさらに備え、
前記呈示音決定部において、前記最小可聴レベル予測部で予測された音圧を基準に所定の範囲内から前記第1音及び第2音を決定する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記出力部は、音圧が異なる少なくとも2つの前記第1音を出力し、
前記変化量抽出部は、前記出力した2つの第1音の音圧の差に対する、前記出力した2つの前記第1音に対するN1成分の振幅の差を変化量として抽出し、
前記うるささ判定部は、前記変化量が第3の閾値よりも小さいか否かに基づいて、小さい場合をうるさい、小さくならなかった場合を適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 前記出力部は、音圧が異なる少なくとも2つの前記第1音および第2音を出力し、
前記変化量抽出部は、前記出力した2つの第2音の音圧の差に対する、前記出力した2つの前記第2音に対するN1成分の振幅の差を変化量として抽出し、
前記うるささ判定部は、前記変化量が第4の閾値よりも小さいか否かに基づいて、小さい場合をうるさい、小さくならなかった場合を適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項1に記載の音圧評価システム。 - 複数の純音のデータを保持する音データベースを参照して、呈示する音を決定する呈示音決定部と、
前記呈示音決定部で決定された音を第1音としてユーザに呈示し、前記第1音を呈示してから所定の時間後に、前記第1音と少なくとも周波数及び音圧が同じ音を第2音として前記ユーザに呈示する出力部と、
生体信号計測部が計測した前記ユーザの脳波信号における、前記第1音が呈示された時刻を起点とする事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第1音に対するN1成分と、前記第2音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第2音に対するN1成分との変化量を抽出する変化量抽出部と、
前記変化量抽出部で抽出した変化量に基づいて、前記呈示した音の音圧に対するうるささを判定するうるささ判定部と
を備えた、音圧評価装置。 - ユーザの脳波信号を計測するステップと、
前記ユーザに呈示する音を決定するステップと、
前記決定した音を第1音として前記ユーザに呈示し、第1音を呈示してから所定の時間後に、第1音と同じ音を第2音として前記ユーザに呈示するステップと、
前記第1音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第1音に対するN1成分と、前記第2音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第2音に対するN1成分との変化量を抽出するステップと、
抽出した変化量に基づいて、前記呈示した音の音圧に対するうるささを判定するステップと
を包含する、音圧評価方法。 - うるささを判定する前記ステップは、前記変化量を所定の閾値と比較し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値よりも小さい場合に、うるさいと判定し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値以上の場合に、適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項18に記載の音圧評価方法。
- コンピュータによって実行されるコンピュータプログラムであって、
前記コンピュータプログラムは、前記コンピュータに対し、
ユーザの脳波信号を受け取るステップと、
前記ユーザに呈示する音を決定するステップと、
前記決定した音を第1音として前記ユーザに呈示し、第1音を呈示してから所定の時間後に、第1音と同じ音を第2音として前記ユーザに呈示するステップと、
前記第1音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第1音に対するN1成分と、前記第2音が呈示された時刻を起点とする、前記脳波信号の事象関連電位の陰性成分である、第2音に対するN1成分との変化量を抽出するステップと、
抽出した変化量に基づいて、前記呈示した音の音圧に対するうるささを判定するステップと
を実行させる、コンピュータプログラム。 - うるささを判定する前記ステップは、前記変化量を所定の閾値と比較し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値よりも小さい場合に、うるさいと判定し、前記変化量が前記所定の閾値以上の場合に、適切な音圧であると判定する、請求項20に記載のコンピュータプログラム。
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CN104247460B (zh) * | 2012-10-09 | 2017-08-25 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 不舒适声压估计系统、处理器、方法及其记录介质 |
US9743173B2 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2017-08-22 | Sony Corporation | Signal processing device, signal processing method, and computer program |
US10334366B2 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2019-06-25 | Sony Corporation | Audio playback device |
JP2017189488A (ja) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | コンテンツ評価装置、コンテンツ評価方法、プログラム |
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CN103098493A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
JPWO2012063423A1 (ja) | 2014-05-12 |
US20130070929A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
JP5091366B2 (ja) | 2012-12-05 |
US9100758B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
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