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  • C07C251/32—Oximes
  • C07C251/50—Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals
  • C07C251/58—Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/13—Amines
  • A61K31/15—Oximes (>C=N—O—); Hydrazines (>N—N<); Hydrazones (>N—N=) ; Imines (C—N=C)
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  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
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  • C07C211/26—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C211/31—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the six-membered aromatic ring being part of a condensed ring system formed by at least three rings
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  • C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C217/06—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted
  • C07C217/08—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
  • C07C217/10—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical containing six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C249/04—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes
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  • C07C251/32—Oximes
  • C07C251/34—Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
  • C07C251/44—Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with the carbon atom of at least one of the oxyimino groups being part of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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  • C07C251/50—Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals
  • C07C251/54—Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
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  • C07C251/32—Oximes
  • C07C251/50—Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals
  • C07C251/60—Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C277/00—Preparation of guanidine or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C279/04—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
  • C07C279/12—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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  • C07C281/00—Derivatives of carbonic acid containing functional groups covered by groups C07C269/00 - C07C279/00 in which at least one nitrogen atom of these functional groups is further bound to another nitrogen atom not being part of a nitro or nitroso group
  • C07C281/16—Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. aminoguanidine
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  • C07C281/16—Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. aminoguanidine
  • C07C281/18—Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. aminoguanidine the other nitrogen atom being further doubly-bound to a carbon atom, e.g. guanylhydrazones
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  • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
  • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
  • C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C309/66—Methanesulfonates
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  • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
  • C07C323/23—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/24—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/25—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
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  • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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  • C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
  • C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
  • C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
  • C07C2603/22—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
  • C07C2603/26—Phenanthrenes; Hydrogenated phenanthrenes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new diterpenoid derivatives, process for their preparation, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders, obstructive vascular lesions consequently to arteriotomy and/or angioplasty, and to prevent organ damage in hypertensive patients.
• the compounds of the present invention belong to the class of the diterpenoid derivatives and have demonstrated to possess cardiovascular properties which render them useful for the prevention and/or treatment of hypertension, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, renal failure, glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, vascular stenosis after vascular surgery and to prevent organ damage in hypertensive patients.
• Cardiovascular diseases are still the first cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world; among these, hypertension and heart failure are two frequent diseases. Hypertension is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factor and more than one third of the population over 60 suffers from this disease. Congestive heart failure affects 1-2% of the population and even 10% of the very elderly; the percentage is expected to rise (Sharpe N., et al., The Lancet, 1998, 352, (suppl. 1), 3-17). Beside, hypertension may be one of the most important causes of heart failure in the elderly (Remme W.J., et al., Eur. Heart J., 2001, 22, 1527-1560).
• the present compounds are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Indeed, said compounds are able to antagonize the effects of mutant -adducin and ouabain which are both known to be implicated in human hypertension and related organ complications and cardiac hypertrophy and/or failure.
• the instant compounds do not inhibit the Na-K ATPase pump and therefore do not present the safety issue (e.g., arrhythmo genie side-effects) associated to such inhibition.
• Endogenous ouabain has been widely recognized as a new hormone able to control blood pressure through different mechanisms and in particular through the modulation of the renal Na handling.
• high circulating levels of EO have been found to be associated with cardiac and renal hypertrophy in animal models such as the Ouabain Hypertensive Rats model (OHR) (Ferrandi M., et al, J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 32, 33306) and with cardiac and renal dysfunctions in humans (Pierdomenico S.D., et al, Am. J. Hypertens., 2001, 14, 1, 44; Stella P., et al, J. Int. Med., 2008, 263, 274).
• OCR Ouabain Hypertensive Rats model
• Both EO and mutant adducin can lead to hypertension, organ hypertrophy, renal failure, proteinuria, negative vascular remodeling and increased cardiovascular risk through the up-regulation of the Na-K pump, activation of the Src-dependent signal transduction pathway or other pathways modulating actin cytoskeleton.
• the abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid derivatives object of the present invention have been found to be endowed of suitable cardiovascular pharmacological properties, and/or able to prevent organ damage, and/or prevent proteinuria.
• the abietic acid or dehydroabietic acid derivatives object of the present invention have been found to antagonize the effects of EO and mutant adducin on blood pressure and renal function deterioration and proteinuria.
• a further important biological activity of the present compounds resides in their ability to reduce proteinuria induced by endogenous ouabain and to prevent organ damage.
• WO2005084141 disclosed the specific dehydroabietane derivative 1 as being endowed of said properties through acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibition properties.
• EP 1421936 i.e., the European national phase, now refused, of WO2002087559
• EP 1421936 disclose potassium channel opener derivatives of formula 2.
• Only three derivatives structurally different to the compounds of the present invention were specifically reported among.
• the inventors of this patent application also published further data regarding said compounds of formula 2 acknowledging the fact that abietic derivatives were not active on large-conductance K + despite only very small differences in their chemical structures channels contrarily to the pimaric acid derivatives disclos
• WO 10024298 disclosed potassium channel modulator derivatives of formula 3 which are structurally different to the compounds of the present invention.
• the present invention relates to new abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid derivatives of formula (I), or a salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, in the preparation of a composition for the prevention and/or treatment of hypertension, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, renal failure, glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, vascular stenosis after vascular surgery and to prevent organ damage in hypertensive patients:
• R 7 is guanidino
• R 6 is amino-(Ci-C6)alkyl or heterocycloalkyl-alkyl wherein the heterocycloalkyl moiety is selected from the group consisting of piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl and tetrahydrofuranyl;
• R 5 is amino-(Ci-C6)alkyl or heterocycloalkyl-alkyl wherein the heterocycloalkyl moiety is selected from the group consisting of piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl and tetrahydrofuranyl;
• R 4 is H, amino-(Ci-C6)alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyloxyalkyl, or carboxyalkyl;
• X is O or S
• the endocyclic symbol — represents a single or a double bond and when it represents a double bond the symbol— linking R 3 to the carbocycle represents a single bond and the carbocycle ring A is partially unsaturated;
• R 2 is O or N ⁇ OR 8 when the symbol— linking R 2 to the carbocycle represents a double bond with the meaning of carbonyl or oxime respectively;
• R8 is H or (Ci-C 6 )alkyl;
• R 3 is H when the symbol— linking R 3 to the carbocycle represents a single bond;
• R 3 is O or N ⁇ OR 8 when the symbol— linking R 3 to the carbocycle represents a double bond with the meaning of carbonyl or oxime respectively;
• carbocycle ring A is aromatic or partially unsaturated
• optically active forms such as enantiomers, diastereomers, their racemate forms, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• An embodiment of this invention is that of compounds of formula I, for use as medicaments.
• said medicament is used for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders, obstructive vascular lesions consequently to arteriotomy and/or angioplasty, and to prevent organ damage in hypertensive patients.
• said medicament is used for preventing and/or treating hypertension, heart failure or to prevent organ damage in hypertensive patients.
• alkyl refers to linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or preferably, 1 to 12 carbon atoms or even more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• amino refers to the group -NH2.
• amino-(Ci-C6)alkyl refers to the group alkyl having up to six carbon atoms as defined above which is substituted by an amino group as defined above.
• heterocycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated (but not aromatic) five-, six- or seven-membered ring containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms which may be the same or different and which rings may be substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or aryl.
• Preferred heterocycloalkyl include pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, ketopiperazine, 2,5-diketopiperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofurane, dihydropyrrole, imidazohdine, dihydropyrazole, pyrazolidine and the like. Even more preferred heterocycloalkyl are pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
• hydroxyalkyl refers to the group alkyl as defined above which is substituted by a hydroxyl group.
• alkyloxy refers to the group -O-R where R includes "(Ci-C6)alkyl", “(C3- Cio)cycloalkyl” and "heterocycloalkyl".
• alkyloxyalkyl refers to the group alkyl as defined above which is substituted by an alkyloxy group as above defined.
• hydroxyalkyloxyalkyl refers to the group alkyloxyalkyl as defined above which is substituted by a hydroxyl group.
• carboxyalkyl refers to alkyl groups as defined above having a carboxy substituent. Preferred carboxyalkyl are groups where the alkyl radical contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, including 2-carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl and the like.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to salts of the below identified compounds of formulae (I), that retain the desired biological activity. Examples of such salts include, but are not restricted to acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids (e.g.
• hydrochloric acid hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and the like
• salts formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, pamoic acid, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, toluene sulfonic acid, naphthalene disulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and poly-galacturonic acid.
• organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, pamoic acid, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, toluene s
• the salt is of a mono acid (for example, the hydrochloride, the hydrobromide, the p- toluenesulphonate, or the acetate)
• a mono acid for example, the hydrochloride, the hydrobromide, the p- toluenesulphonate, or the acetate
• at least one molar equivalent and usually a molar excess of the acid is employed.
• salts as the sulphate, the hemisuccinate, the hydrogen phosphate, or the phosphate are desired, the appropriate and exact chemical equivalents of acid are generally used.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts for the compound of the present invention include metallic salts made from aluminium, calcium, hthium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from lysine, ⁇ , ⁇ '- dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylene ( amine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procaine. Sodium salts are particularly preferred.
• the invention furthermore provides a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I, which can be obtained as detailed underneath.
• R 4 is as defined above, and x is an integer comprised between 0 and 3; in pyridine at room temperature.
• an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
• any interfering reactive group can be protected and then deprotected according to well-established procedures described in organic chemistry (see for example: Greene T. W. and P.G.M. Wuts "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 3 rd Ed., 1999) and well known to those skilled in the art.
• Another object of the present invention is a method of treating a mammal suffering from cardiovascular disorders, obstructive vascular lesions consequently to arteriotomy and/or angioplasty, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) as described above.
• therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount of a therapeutic agent needed to treat, ameliorate a targeted disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic effect.
• compositions will contain at least one compound of Formula (I) as an active ingredient, in an amount such as to produce a significant therapeutic effect.
• the compositions covered by the present invention are entirely conventional and are obtained with methods which are common practice in the pharmaceutical industry, such as, for example, those illustrated in Remington's Pharmaceutical Science Handbook, Mack Pub. N. Y. - last edition. According to the administration route chosen, the compositions will be in solid or liquid form, suitable for oral, parenteral or intravenous administration.
• the compositions according to the present invention contain, along with the active ingredient, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or excipient. These may be particularly useful formulation coadjuvants, e.g. solubilising agents, dispersing agents, suspension agents, and emulsifying agents.
• the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays or in animal models, usually mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, or pigs.
• the animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans.
• HED Human Equivalent Dose
• the precise effective dose for a human subject will depend upon the severity of the disease state, general health of the subject, age, weight, and gender of the subject, diet, time and frequency of administration, drug combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and tolerance/response to therapy. This amount can be determined by routine experimentation and is within the judgement of the clinician.
• an effective dose will be from 0.001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, preferably 0.05 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg.
• Compositions may be administered individually to a patient or may be administered in combination with other agents, drugs or hormones.
• the medicament may also contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for administration of the therapeutic agent.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration of the therapeutic agent.
• Such carriers include antibodies and other polypeptides, genes and other therapeutic agents such as liposomes, provided that the carrier does not itself induce the production of antibodies harmful to the individual receiving the composition, and which may be administered without undue toxicity.
• Suitable carriers may be large, slowly metabolised macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, polylactic acids, polyglycolic acids, polymeric amino acids, amino acid copolymers and inactive virus particles.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers in therapeutic compositions may additionally contain liquids such as water, saline, glycerol and ethanol.
• auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering substances, and the like, may be present in such compositions.
• Such carriers enable the pharmaceutical compositions to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions, and the like, for ingestion by the patient.
• compositions of the invention can be administered directly to the subject.
• the subjects to be treated can be animals; in particular, human subjects can be treated.
• the medicament of this invention may be administered by any number of routes including, but not limited to, oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra- arterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, intraventricular, transdermal or transcutaneous applications, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, enteral, topical, sublingual, intravaginal or rectal means.
• compositions for oral administration may take the form of bulk liquid solutions or suspensions, or bulk powders. More commonly, however, the compositions are presented in unit dosage forms to facilitate accurate dosing.
• unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
• Typical unit dosage forms include refilled, pre-measured ampoules or syringes of the hquid compositions or pills, tablets, capsules or the like in the case of solid compositions.
• the compound of the invention is usually a minor component (from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight or preferably from about 1 to about 40% by weight) with the remainder being various vehicles or carriers and processing aids helpful for forming the desired dosing form.
• Dosage treatment may be a single dose schedule or a multiple dose schedule.
• a further object of the present invention is the use of said compounds of general formula (I) in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and hypertension.
• Hypertension affects approximately 30% of the world's population and represents the leading preventable cause of premature morbidity and mortality due to major cardiovascular events and organ cardiovascular complications such as coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, negative vascular remodelling, retinal damage and cognitive disorders (Ritz E., Am. J. Cardiol., 2007, 100(3A), 53J-60J; Messerli F.H., et al, Lancet, 2007, 370, 9587. 591).
• a further object of the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of the compounds of formula (I) described earlier, in combination with excipients and/or pharmacologically acceptable diluents.
• compositions in question may, together with the compounds of formula (I), contain known active principles.
• a further embodiment of the invention is a process for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions characterised by mixing one or more compounds of formula (I) with suitable excipients, stabilizers and/or pharmaceutically acceptable diluents.
• DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
• HMPA hexamethylphosphoramide
• NaHCOs sodium bicarbonate
• Flash column chromatography was carried out using silica gel (Merck 230-400 mesh). Mass spectral data were obtained with electron impact ionization technique at 70 eV from a Finnigan INCOS-50 mass spectrometer using the direct exposure probe.
• Examples 2-8 were synthesized following the experimental conditions described in example 1, using the relevant amine instead of 2-aminoethoxyamine dihydrochloride. The salification step was omitted for compounds that did not present any basic amino group on the side chain.
• the title compound was obtained by simply triturating it in a mixture of AcOEt/Et20, after salt formation.
• STEP A methyl 7-oxo-13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene- 15-carboxylate
• a solution of 5.72 g of Cr0 3 in 100 ml of AcOH/H 2 0 4: 1 was added at 10°C over a 15 minutes period and under vigorous stirring, to a solution of 5.00 g of methyl 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene- 15-carboxylate (Gonzalez M.A., et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2010, 45, 811) in 80 ml of AcOH.
• reaction mixture was then cooled to 4 °C and stirred for 2 days before being poured into 500 ml of H2O and extracted several times with Et20.
• the combined organic extracts were washed with H2O, 5% aq.NaHCOe until neutral pH was reached, and brine.
• the organic phase was dried over Na2S0 4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• the residue was purified by flash chromatography using cyclohexane/AcOEt 95/5 to afford the desired adduct.
• STEP B methyl 7-acetoxy-13-isopropylpodocarpa-6,8, ll, 13-tetraene-15- carboxylate
• STEP C 6 -hydroxy-7-oxo- 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene- 15-carboxylate 12.1 ml of peracetic acid were added dropwise at 0°C to a solution of 3.55 g of methyl 7-acetoxy-13-isopropylpodocarpa-6,8, ll, 13-tetraene- 15-carboxylate in 50 ml of CHCI3. After 24 hours at RT the reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and a 10% aqueous Nal solution was added until a brown colour appeared. Ten minutes after, a saturated aqueous solution of Na2S203 was added until disappearance of the brown colour.
• STEP D 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-6 , 15-diol
• STEP E 6-oxo-13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-15-aldehyde
• STEP F (E)- 15-(2-aminoethoxyimino)- 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene-6- one fumarate
• STEP A 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-7,15-diol
• STEP B 7-oxo-13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-15-aldehyde
• the desired adduct has been synthesized following the experimental conditions described in example 1, using 7-oxo-13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-15- aldehyde instead of 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-15-aldehyde.
• the title compound was also triturated in Et20 to afford a white solid.
• STEP A 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-6 ,7, 15-triol
• STEP B 6 -hydroxy- 7-oxo- 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene- 15-aldehyde
• the title compound which was purified by flash chromatography using n- hexane/AcOEt 75/25, was obtained following the procedure described in Example 12-STEP B and using 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-6 ,7, 15-triol instead of 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene-7, 15-diol.
• the title compound was obtained as a white solid following the procedure described in Example 1 but carrying out the reaction for two days (instead of 1 hour), and using 6a-hydroxy-7-oxo-13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene-15- aldehyde instead of 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, l l, 13-triene-15-aldehyde.
• KOtBu (310 mg) was added portion wise to a stirred suspension of 1.16 g of (3- cyanopropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide in 8 ml of dry THF at 0°C. After 30 minutes at 0°C, the mixture was warmed to RT and a solution of 0.20 g of 13- isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene- 15-aldehyde in 6 ml of dry THF was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 45 minutes and was then quenched by addition of 60 ml of 5% aqueous Na3 ⁇ 4P04 and AcOEt. The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO 4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using n-hexane/AcOEt 9/1 to give the desired adduct.
• STEP B (Z)- 15-(5-aminopentyliden)- 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene fumarate
• STEP B 13-isopropyl- 15-(3-hydroxypropoxy)podocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene
• STEP C 13-isopropyl- 15-(3-phthalimidopropoxy)podocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene
• STEP D 15-(3-aminopropoxy)- 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene fumarate
• STEP A 13-isopropyl- 15-methanesulphonyloxypodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene
• STEP B 13-isopropyl- 15-(3-hydroxypropylthio)podocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene
• STEP C 13-isopropyl- 15-(3-phthalimidopropylthio)podocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene
• the title compound was obtained as a white solid following the procedure described in Example 27-STEP C and using 13-isopropyl- 15-(3- hydroxypropylthio)podocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene instead of 13-isopropyl- 15-(3- hydroxypropoxy)podocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene.
• STEP D 15-(3-aminopropylthio)-13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, l l, 13-triene fumarate
• the title compound was obtained as a white solid following the procedure described in Example 27-STEP D and using 15-(3-phtalimidopropylthio)-13- isopropylpodocarpa-8, ll, 13-triene instead of 15-(3-phtalimidopropoxy)-13- isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene.
• STEP B (E)- 15-(2-aminoethoxyimino)- 13-isopropylpodocarpa-8, 11, 13-triene-6 -ol fumarate
• the compound of example 4 was administered by oral gavage at various doses for six weeks to rats bearing an a-adducin mutation (NA strain).
• a-adducin mutation (NA strain).
• Such mutation leading to hypertension and organ complication was obtained by introgressing a segment of chromosome 14 containing the locus of ⁇ -adducin from Milan Hypertensive rats (MHS), having the mutant variant, into Milan Normotensive rats (MNS), carrying the wild type a- adducin variant (Tripodi G., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2004, 324, 562).
• SBP systolic blood pressure
• HR heart rate after a six week treatment are reported in table 1 underneath.
• Hypertension was provoked by subcutaneous ouabain infusion (15 ⁇ g/kg/day) in normotensive rats as already described (Ferrari P., et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1998, 285, 83).
• the compounds were administered by oral gavage once a day for six weeks at the dose indicated in table 2 underneath.
• Milan hypertensive rats is a rat model of genetic hypertension sustained by oc- adducin mutation and increased circulating levels of endogenous ouabain (Ferrari P., et al., Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management, (Volume 1). Laragh JH and Brenner BM (Eds.), Raven Press Publishers, New York, USA, 1261-1279, (1995).
• the compounds were administered by oral gavage (10 ⁇ g/kg/day) for six weeks.
• the systolic blood pressure and heart rate after a six week treatment are reported in table 3 underneath.
• OHR rat model showed an increased urinary protein excretion and plasma creatinine concentration coupled to reduced creatinine clearance as compared with saline infused control rats.
• OHR rats were orally treated with the compound of example 4 at 0.1 ⁇ g/kg/day for 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment, rats were allocated in single metabolic cages for 24h urine collection.
• Proteinuria and urinary creatinine were measured by commercial kits (Sentinel). Rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for plasma creatinine measurement. The data are reported in table 4 underneath.

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