WO2012049842A1 - ボイラ燃焼システムとその運転方法 - Google Patents
ボイラ燃焼システムとその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012049842A1 WO2012049842A1 PCT/JP2011/005701 JP2011005701W WO2012049842A1 WO 2012049842 A1 WO2012049842 A1 WO 2012049842A1 JP 2011005701 W JP2011005701 W JP 2011005701W WO 2012049842 A1 WO2012049842 A1 WO 2012049842A1
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- combustion
- gas
- exhaust gas
- boiler
- burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07001—Injecting synthetic air, i.e. a combustion supporting mixture made of pure oxygen and an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or recycled fumes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a boiler combustion system and an operation method thereof, and more particularly to a technique suitable for performing an oxyfuel combustion operation by modifying an existing air combustion boiler combustion system.
- thermal power generation using an oxyfuel combustion system has been proposed as a method for facilitating the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is one of the causative substances of global warming and has the largest emission in industrial activities.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- the amount of combustion gas supplied to the burner is about 0.8 during air combustion. Doubled. For this reason, the gas flow rate at the combustion gas outlet of the burner is lower than that during air combustion, and as a result, the combustion of the flame becomes unstable as compared with air combustion.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress corrosion of a water wall pipe of a boiler and stabilize combustion of a burner during oxyfuel combustion operation of the boiler.
- a boiler combustion system of the present invention includes a burner that burns fuel with a combustion gas, and a two-stage combustion gas inlet that supplies combustion gas in the vicinity of the combustion zone of the burner.
- a boiler an exhaust gas treatment system for treating exhaust gas discharged from the boiler, an exhaust gas supply device that is provided in an exhaust gas circulation line branched from the exhaust gas treatment system, and extracts exhaust gas from the exhaust gas treatment system;
- a flow regulator is connected to each of the two-stage combustion gas supply line for supplying gas to the fuel gas inlet, the combustion gas supply line, and the fuel transfer gas supply line.
- An oxygen supply line that supplies oxygen-rich gas
- a combustion air supply device that is provided in parallel with the exhaust gas supply device and that supplies combustion air
- a switching means that switches operation between the exhaust gas supply device and the combustion air supply device
- a flow rate adjusting device for adjusting the gas flow rates of the combustion gas supply line and the two-stage combustion gas supply line, respectively.
- the combustion air supply device when the combustion air supply device is operated by the operation of the switching means, the combustion air is supplied to the boiler to perform the air combustion operation, and when the exhaust gas supply device is operated, the exhaust gas supply device is operated. And a mixed gas of oxygen-rich gas are supplied to the boiler and the oxyfuel combustion operation is performed.
- the operation method of the boiler can be freely switched between the air combustion operation and the oxyfuel combustion operation, it is possible to operate the system in consideration of the environment, the power generation load and the like.
- the gas flow rate of the combustion gas supply line and the two-stage combustion gas supply line can be freely adjusted by providing the flow rate adjusting device, for example, during the air combustion operation, the oxygen of the combustion air supplied to the burner Two-stage combustion with a ratio of less than 1 is performed, and during oxyfuel combustion operation, combustion gas in which exhaust gas and oxygen-rich gas are mixed can be controlled to be supplied only to the burner. Further, by supplying the combustion gas only to the burner during the oxyfuel combustion operation, for example, the combustion gas corresponding to the combustion air supplied to the two-stage combustion gas inlet during the air combustion operation is sent to the burner. be able to. Thereby, since the flow velocity of the combustion gas supplied from the burner is increased, the combustion of the burner can be stabilized.
- the flow rate is adjusted so that the oxygen ratio of the combustion gas supplied from the burner is 1 or more, thereby preventing the occurrence of an oxygen-deficient region in the combustion region of the burner, and corrosive gas. Since generation
- the combustion air supply device includes a first air supply fan for supplying combustion air to the exhaust gas circulation line on the downstream side of the exhaust gas supply device, and a fuel supply gas supply line branched from the exhaust gas circulation line. It may be configured by a second air supply fan that supplies combustion air. In this way, by adjusting the supply destination of combustion air to each of the plurality of air supply fans, the supply amount of combustion air can be easily adjusted.
- the boiler combustion system of the present invention includes a boiler having a burner for burning fuel with a combustion gas, and a two-stage combustion gas inlet for supplying combustion gas in the vicinity of the combustion region of the burner, and the boiler.
- a flow rate adjusting device for adjusting the flow rate.
- the combustion air is supplied to the burner and the two-stage combustion gas inlet and the combustion is supplied to the burner.
- the supply amount of the combustion air is larger than the supply amount of the combustion air supplied from the two-stage combustion gas inlet, the oxygen ratio of the combustion air supplied to the burner is 0.7 to 0.9, and the boiler Is operated in the oxyfuel combustion system, a mixed gas of a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the boiler and the oxygen-rich gas is supplied only to the burner, and the oxygen ratio of this mixed gas is 1.0 to 1.2. It is good to do.
- the two-stage combustion gas inlet is exposed to high-temperature gas of about 1000 ° C. or more, and may be burned out. There is. For this reason, when the boiler is operated in the oxyfuel combustion system, a mixed gas is supplied from the burner, while a smaller amount of exhaust gas is supplied from the two-stage combustion gas input port than the mixed gas. Thereby, the high temperature of the two-stage combustion gas inlet can be suppressed, and burning can be suppressed.
- the present invention during the oxyfuel combustion operation of the boiler, it is possible to suppress corrosion of the water wall tube of the boiler and stabilize the combustion of the burner. As a result, the maintenance cost of the boiler can be reduced and long-term stable operation can be achieved.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a boiler combustion system to which the present invention is applied.
- the boiler combustion system to which this invention is applied it is a figure explaining the relationship between a burner oxygen ratio and the amount of water wall pipe corrosion. It is a figure explaining the relationship between a burner oxygen ratio and NOx discharge
- the boiler combustion system shown in FIG. 1 can be constructed by adding equipment necessary for oxyfuel combustion based on the existing air combustion system and changing the configuration and system.
- the boiler combustion system is an air combustion system. It is possible to switch between oxyfuel combustion methods.
- this embodiment demonstrates the example which uses pulverized coal as a fossil fuel burned with a boiler, it is not limited to this example, For example, not only a fossil fuel but other fuels, such as biomass fuel, are used. May be used.
- the boiler 1 has a furnace 3, a burner 5 and a wind box 7 attached to the furnace 3, and a two-stage combustion gas inlet 9 installed downstream of the combustion area of the burner 5. , And is accommodated in the wind box 7.
- the burner 5 is formed with a fuel flow path to which fuel pulverized coal is supplied and a combustion gas flow path to which combustion gas is supplied.
- An exhaust gas treatment line 11 through which the exhaust gas g1 flows is connected to the outlet of the boiler 1, and to the exhaust gas treatment line 11, a denitration device 13, a heat exchanger 15, a dust removal device 17, an induction fan 19, and a desulfurization device are connected from the upstream side. 21 and a CO 2 recovery device 23 are sequentially arranged. Further, the exhaust gas treatment line 11 between the desulfurization device 21 and the CO 2 recovery device 23 is branched in the middle, and a chimney 25 is connected to the end.
- the exhaust gas treatment line 11 between the induction fan 19 and the desulfurization device 21 is branched to an exhaust gas circulation line 27 on the way.
- the exhaust gas circulation line 27 is provided with an exhaust gas supply fan 29 for extracting a part of the exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as circulating exhaust gas g2) from the exhaust gas treatment line 11.
- the exhaust gas circulation line 27 is branched into three lines on the downstream side of the exhaust gas supply fan 29, that is, a combustion gas supply line 31, a fuel transfer gas supply line 33, and a two-stage combustion gas supply line 35. .
- the two-stage combustion gas supply is further performed from the branch point p2 of the combustion gas supply line 31.
- the line 35 is branched.
- the combustion gas supply line 31 is connected to the combustion gas flow path of the burner 5 via the heat exchanger 15, and the fuel transfer gas supply line 33 sequentially passes through the heat exchanger 15 and the pulverized coal generator 37.
- the burner 5 is connected to the fuel flow path.
- the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 is connected to the two-stage combustion gas inlet 9 of the boiler 1 via the heat exchanger 15.
- the fuel transfer gas supply line 33 has a structure that can bypass the heat exchanger 15.
- the coal of fuel is accommodated in the bunker 39, and when the feeder 41 is opened, the coal is supplied to the pulverized coal unit 37 via the fuel conveying gas supply line 33, and the coal not shown is accommodated in the pulverized coal unit 37. It is pulverized to a particle size suitable for pulverized coal combustion by a pulverizing mill or the like. The pulverized coal thus pulverized is accompanied by the combustion gas supplied from the fuel supply gas supply line 33 and supplied to the fuel flow path of the burner 5.
- a first combustion air supply fan 43 that supplies combustion air is connected in parallel with the exhaust gas supply fan 29 on the downstream side of the exhaust gas supply fan 29 of the exhaust gas circulation line 27.
- a second combustion air supply fan 45 is connected in parallel with the exhaust gas supply fan 29 to the fuel transfer gas supply line 33 branched from the exhaust gas circulation line 27.
- the first combustion air supply fan 43 mainly supplies the combustion air whose flow rate is adjusted via the damper 47 to the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35
- the combustion air supply fan 45 mainly supplies the combustion air whose flow rate is adjusted via the damper 49 to the fuel conveyance gas supply line 33.
- a branch outlet of the oxygen supply line 51 is connected to the combustion gas supply line 31 and the fuel transfer gas supply line 33 on the downstream side of the branch point p2 through flow rate adjusting valves 53a and 53b, respectively.
- an oxygen supply device 55 that produces oxygen-rich gas is connected to the inlet portion on the opposite side of the oxygen supply line 51.
- the oxygen-rich gas is mixed with the circulating exhaust gas flowing through the combustion gas supply line 31 and the fuel transfer gas supply line 33 to obtain a practical oxygen concentration (for example, 26 to 29 wet-Vol%: wet base volume fraction).
- the oxygen supply device 55 of the present embodiment generates nitrogen gas having a high concentration of 95 dry-Vol% (dry base volume fraction) or more by separating nitrogen and the like from air. It is not limited to this.
- the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 are each provided with a gas flow rate measuring device (not shown) using an orifice or the like, and on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 15, respectively. Dampers 57 and 59 are provided.
- the detected value of the gas flow rate measured by the gas flow rate measuring device in both lines is input to a control device (not shown) so that the control device controls the opening degree of the dampers 57 and 59 so that the set gas flow rate is obtained. It has become.
- the control device has a switching function for switching the operation of the exhaust gas supply fan 29, the first combustion air supply fan 43, and the second combustion air supply fan 45.
- the operation of the exhaust gas supply fan 29 is stopped and the first combustion air supply fan 43 and the second combustion air supply are stopped.
- the operation of the fan 45 is started.
- the operation of the first combustion air supply fan 43 and the second combustion air supply fan 45 is stopped and the exhaust gas is discharged.
- the operation of the supply fan 29 is started.
- the first combustion air supply fan 43 and the second combustion air supply fan 45 are operated to convert the combustion air into the burner 5 and the two-stage combustion gas.
- Two-stage combustion is performed by supplying the charging port 9.
- the two-stage combustion means that the oxygen ratio of the combustion air supplied to the burner 5 is less than 1.0, and the fuel is completely supplied by combining the oxygen of the combustion air supplied to the two-stage combustion gas inlet 9.
- a combustion method for burning since an oxygen-deficient region is formed in the combustion region of the burner 5, the oxidation reaction of nitrogen contained in the fuel is suppressed, and the NOx reduction reaction proceeds in the wake of the combustion region of the burner 5. As a result, NOx emissions are reduced.
- the combustion air and pulverized coal are supplied to the boiler 1 during the air combustion operation, and the pulverized coal is combusted.
- the exhaust gas generated in the boiler 1 by the combustion of the pulverized coal is guided to the exhaust gas treatment line 11 and supplied to the denitration device 13 to remove NOx in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas exiting the denitration device 13 is supplied to the heat exchanger 15 and the temperature is reduced.
- the exhaust gas exiting the heat exchanger 15 is guided to the dust removing device 17 to remove the dust component in the exhaust gas. Thereafter, the exhaust gas is guided to the desulfurization device 21 through the induction fan 19 and SOx is removed.
- the exhaust gas exiting the desulfurization device 21 is cooled and compressed by the CO 2 recovery device 23 and separated in a state where the CO 2 is liquefied. On the other hand, the gas component from which CO 2 has been separated is released from the chimney 25 into the atmosphere. During the air combustion operation, since the exhaust gas supply fan 29 is stopped, the exhaust gas is not guided to the boiler 1 through the exhaust gas circulation line 27.
- the combustion air ejected from the second combustion air supply fan 45 is adjusted in flow rate by the damper 49 and then supplied mainly to the fuel conveyance gas supply line 33.
- the combustion air flowing through the fuel transfer gas supply line 33 is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 15 and further joined to a part of the combustion air that bypasses the heat exchanger 15 and heated to a predetermined temperature.
- the pulverized coal introduced into the pulverized coal container 37 and pulverized is supplied to the burner 5.
- the combustion air blown from the first combustion air supply fan 43 is flow-adjusted by the damper 47 and then distributed and supplied mainly to the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35.
- the combustion air distributed to the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 is heat-exchanged and heated by the heat exchanger 15, and then the gas flow rate is measured by a flow rate measuring device provided on both lines. Is detected, and the opening degree of the dampers 57 and 59 is adjusted so that the detected gas flow rate becomes a preset gas flow rate.
- the oxygen ratio of the combustion air supplied to the burner 5 and the two-stage combustion gas inlet 9 is adjusted to a set value by the opening degree of the dampers 47, 57, 59, and the two-stage combustion gas inlet 9
- the supply amount of the combustion air to be supplied is adjusted to a set amount smaller than the supply amount of the combustion air supplied to the burner 5.
- two-stage combustion with combustion air is performed in a state in which the supply amount of combustion air and the oxygen ratio are adjusted to the set range.
- the control device stops the operation of the first combustion air supply fan 43 and the second combustion air supply fan 45 and supplies exhaust gas.
- the operation of the fan 29 is started.
- the operation of the oxygen supply device 55 is started by a command from the control device, and the damper 57 is opened and the damper 59 is closed.
- the circulation exhaust gas g2 supplied from the exhaust gas circulation line 27 is supplied to the burner 5 after being supplied with the oxygen-rich gas g3 only through the combustion gas supply line 31 and the fuel transfer gas supply line 33, respectively.
- single stage combustion is performed.
- the supply amount of the oxygen-rich gas g3 is controlled to a set amount by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 53a and 53b, while being supplied to the burner 5 through the combustion gas supply line 31.
- the oxygen ratio of the combustion gas is adjusted to a set value of 1.0 or more by adjusting the opening degree of the damper 57.
- the single-stage combustion refers to a combustion method in which the oxygen ratio of the combustion air supplied to the burner 5 is set to 1.0 or more, and the fuel is completely burned only with oxygen supplied stoichiometrically.
- the total flow rate of the combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 is set to In the case of Q, while maintaining Q constant, the opening degree of the dampers 57 and 59 is adjusted, and the amount of combustion gas supplied to the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 is controlled. That is, when switching from the two-stage combustion to the single-stage combustion, the damper 59 is closed and the damper 57 is opened, so that the combustion gas supplied to the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 is supplied to the combustion gas supply line 31. Operate to supply.
- the gas composition in the boiler 1 is CO 2 is the main processor.
- the gas composition in the boiler 1 is mainly nitrogen, so the amount of heat collected in the boiler 1 and the boiler outlet temperature are different from those in the oxyfuel combustion operation. Therefore, in the case of a system that achieves both an oxyfuel combustion type and an air combustion type, means for making the amount of collected heat and the boiler outlet temperature equivalent to those during the air combustion operation are required during the oxyfuel combustion operation.
- the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas is increased from 21 wet-Vol% of the normal air combustion type to 25 wet-Vol% to 30 wet-Vol%, and the amount of combustion gas supplied to the boiler 1 Needs to be about 80% of the air combustion operation.
- the flow rate of the combustion gas ejected from the burner 5 to the boiler 1 is reduced by reducing the amount of combustion gas supplied to the boiler 1 to about 80%. Therefore, the flame stability of the burner 5 is lowered.
- SO 2 concentration in the circulation exhaust gas g2 is 3 to 5 times during the air combustion operation. Therefore, when the two-stage combustion is performed during the oxyfuel combustion operation, the reduction reaction in the oxygen-deficient region formed in the combustion region of the burner 5, that is, the corrosiveness such as SO 2 to H 2 S, COS, etc. The generation of gas is accelerated, and the corrosion of boiler water wall pipes and the like by these corrosive gases is accelerated.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the oxygen ratio of the combustion gas supplied to the burner 5 (hereinafter abbreviated as “burner oxygen ratio”) and the corrosion amount of the boiler water wall tube. As shown in the figure, when the operation is performed in the two-stage combustion in which the burner oxygen ratio is less than 1, the corrosion amount of the water wall pipe of the boiler increases.
- the oxyfuel combustion is operated by single-stage combustion with a burner oxygen ratio of 1 or more.
- the burner oxygen ratio is set to 1 or more, the fuel is completely combusted and the necessary amount of oxygen is supplied to the burner 5, so that an oxygen-deficient region is prevented from being formed in the combustion region of the burner 5. It becomes possible to suppress corrosion of the pipe.
- the oxyfuel combustion operation is not single-stage combustion but single-stage combustion, it is possible to input the combustion gas that has been input from the second-stage combustion gas inlet 9 into the burner 5. Become. Thereby, the amount of combustion gas supplied to the burner 5 can be increased, and the flow velocity of the combustion gas ejected from the burner 5 can be increased accordingly.
- the combustion gas supplied to the two-stage combustion gas inlet 9 is supplied to the burner 5 and single-stage combustion is performed, so that the burner 5 has 1.2 at the time of the two-stage combustion. It becomes possible to supply more than double the combustion gas. Thereby, even during oxyfuel combustion, the flow velocity of the combustion gas ejected from the combustion gas ejection port of the burner 5 can be made equal to that during air combustion, and the stability of the flame can be maintained.
- Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the burner oxygen ratio and NOx emissions from the chimney.
- the burner oxygen ratio is 1.1 to 1.3, and the fuel is completely burned by supplying excess oxygen.
- the burner oxygen ratio is burned at 1.0 or less. I am letting.
- the burner oxygen ratio As operating conditions during the oxyfuel combustion operation, when the burner oxygen ratio is set to 1.2 or higher, the production cost of the oxygen-rich gas supplied from the oxygen supply device 55 increases, so the burner oxygen ratio is 1.2 or less. It is desirable to perform staged combustion. On the other hand, when the burner oxygen ratio is less than 1.0, the SO 2 concentration in the exhaust gas is 3 to 5 times that in the air combustion operation, so the corrosiveness generated in the oxygen deficient region of the burner 5 combustion region. Gas increases and corrosion of the boiler water wall tube is accelerated. Therefore, it is desirable to perform single-stage combustion with a burner oxygen ratio of 1.0 to 1.2.
- the second-stage combustion gas inlet 9 is exposed to a high-temperature gas of, for example, 1000 ° C. or more, and the metal member constituting the second-stage combustion gas inlet 9 is burned out. There is a fear. Therefore, during the oxyfuel combustion operation, by opening the damper 59 slightly, the circulating exhaust gas g2 (for example, exhaust gas having an oxygen concentration of 4% or less) supplied from the exhaust gas supply fan 29 is input to the two-stage combustion gas input port 9. Is desirable. By flowing the circulating exhaust gas g2 in this way, the temperature rise of the two-stage combustion gas inlet 9 can be suppressed, and thus burning can be prevented.
- the circulating exhaust gas g2 for example, exhaust gas having an oxygen concentration of 4% or less
- the operating conditions during the air combustion operation are desirably two-stage combustion with a burner oxygen ratio of 0.9 or less in order to obtain an effect of suppressing the oxidation of nitrogen in the fuel and an effect of promoting the reduction of NOx.
- the burner oxygen ratio is less than 0.7, the amount of corrosive gas generated in the oxygen-deficient region increases, and the corrosion of the water wall tube of the boiler is accelerated. Therefore, it is desirable to perform two-stage combustion with a burner oxygen ratio of 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less.
- the supply ratio of the gas supplied from the burner 5 and the second-stage combustion gas inlet 9 (the gas flow ratio of the combustion gas supply line 31 and the second-stage combustion gas supply line 35) is 50% for the burner 5, for example. With respect to -75%, the second-stage combustion gas inlet 9 is adjusted to 25% to 50% so that the supply ratio from the second-stage combustion gas input 9 is smaller than the supply ratio from the burner 5. .
- the operation method of the boiler 1 can be easily and freely switched between the air combustion operation and the oxyfuel combustion operation. It becomes possible. Even when the air combustion operation is switched to the oxyfuel combustion operation, the progress of corrosion of the water wall pipe of the boiler 1 can be suppressed, and the flame holding property of the burner 5 can be maintained high. Thereby, reduction of the maintenance cost of the boiler 1 and long-term stable operation are attained.
- dampers 47, 57, and 59 are used as flow rate adjustment devices for combustion air flowing through the combustion gas supply line 31 and the two-stage combustion gas supply line 35 during air combustion operation.
- the present invention is not limited to this as long as the gas flow rate can be adjusted.
- the present invention is not limited to this as long as the gas contains at least about 21% oxygen.
- the exhaust gas circulation line 27 is not limited to one.
- two exhaust gas circulation lines 61 a and 61 b are provided, and the exhaust gas circulation line 61 a is connected to the combustion gas supply line 31.
- the exhaust gas circulation line 61b may be connected to the fuel transfer gas supply line 33.
- exhaust gas supply fans 63a and 63b are installed in the exhaust gas circulation lines 61a and 61b, respectively.
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Abstract
Description
5 バーナ
9 2段燃焼用ガス投入口
11 排ガス処理ライン
17 除塵装置
21 脱硫装置
27 排ガス循環ライン
29,63 排ガス供給ファン
31 燃焼用ガス供給ライン
33 燃料搬送用ガス供給ライン
35 2段燃焼用ガス供給ライン
43 第1の燃焼用空気供給ファン
45 第2の燃焼用空気供給ファン
47,49,57,59 ダンパ
51 酸素供給ライン
53a,53b 流量調整弁
55 酸素供給装置
Claims (5)
- 燃料を燃焼用ガスで燃焼させるバーナと該バーナの燃焼域の近傍に燃焼用ガスを供給する2段燃焼用ガス投入口とを備えたボイラと、
前記ボイラから排出された排ガスを処理する排ガス処理系統と、
前記排ガス処理系統から分岐させた排ガス循環ラインに設けられ前記排ガス処理系統から排ガスを抜き出す排ガス供給装置と、
前記排ガス供給装置の後流側で前記排ガス循環ラインから分岐された、前記バーナに燃焼用ガスを供給する燃焼用ガス供給ラインと前記バーナに燃料を搬送するための燃料搬送用ガスを供給する燃料搬送用ガス供給ラインと前記2段燃焼用ガス投入口にガスを供給する2段燃焼用ガス供給ラインと、
前記燃焼用ガス供給ラインと前記燃料搬送用ガス供給ラインにそれぞれ流量調整器を介して富酸素ガスを供給する酸素供給ラインと、
前記排ガス供給装置と並列に設けられ燃焼用空気を供給する燃焼用空気供給装置と、
前記排ガス供給装置と前記燃焼用空気供給装置との運転を切り替える切替手段と、
前記燃焼用ガス供給ラインと前記2段燃焼用ガス供給ラインのガス流量をそれぞれ調整する流量調整装置とを備えてなるボイラ燃焼システム。 - 前記燃焼用空気供給装置は、前記排ガス供給装置の後流側の前記排ガス循環ラインに前記燃焼用空気を供給する第1の空気供給ファンと前記排ガス循環ラインから分岐された前記燃料搬送用ガス供給ラインに前記燃焼用空気を供給する第2の空気供給ファンとから構成されてなる請求項1に記載のボイラ燃焼システム。
- 燃料を燃焼用ガスで燃焼させるバーナと該バーナの燃焼域の近傍に燃焼用ガスを供給する2段燃焼用ガス投入口とを備えたボイラと、
前記ボイラから排出された排ガスを処理する排ガス処理系統と、
前記排ガス処理系統から分岐させた第1と第2の排ガス循環ラインにそれぞれ設けられ前記排ガス処理系統から排ガスを抜き出す第1と第2の排ガス供給装置と、
前記第1の排ガス供給装置の後流側で分岐された、前記バーナに燃焼用ガスを供給する燃焼用ガス供給ラインと前記2段燃焼用ガス投入口にガスを供給する2段燃焼用ガス供給ラインと、
前記第2の排ガス供給装置の後流側に連通され、前記バーナに燃料を搬送するための燃料搬送用ガスを供給する燃料搬送用ガス供給ラインと、
前記燃焼用ガス供給ラインと前記燃料搬送用ガス供給ラインにそれぞれ流量調整器を介して富酸素ガスを供給する酸素供給ラインと、
前記第1と第2の排ガス供給装置とそれぞれ並列に設けられ燃焼用空気を供給する第1と第2の燃焼用空気供給装置と、
前記第1と第2の排ガス供給装置と前記第1と第2の燃焼用空気供給装置との運転を切り替える切替手段と、
前記燃焼用ガス供給ラインと前記2段燃焼用ガス供給ラインのガス流量をそれぞれ調整する流量調整装置とを備えてなるボイラ燃焼システム。 - 燃料を燃焼用ガスで燃焼させるバーナと該バーナの燃焼域の近傍に燃焼用ガスを供給する2段燃焼用ガス投入口とを備えたボイラを備え、該ボイラの燃焼方式を空気燃焼方式と酸素燃焼方式とで切り替え可能に構成されたボイラ燃焼システムの運転方法であって、
前記ボイラを前記空気燃焼方式で運転するときは、前記バーナと前記2段燃焼用ガス投入口に燃焼用空気を供給する2段燃焼を行い、前記バーナに供給する前記燃焼用空気の供給量は、前記2段燃焼用ガス投入口から供給する前記燃焼用空気の供給量よりも多く、前記バーナに供給する前記燃焼用空気の酸素比を0.7以上0.9以下とし、
前記ボイラを前記酸素燃焼方式で運転するときは、前記ボイラから排出された排ガスの一部と富酸素ガスとの混合ガスを前記バーナのみに供給し、該混合ガスの酸素比を1.0以上1.2以下とするボイラ燃焼システムの運転方法。 - 前記ボイラを前記酸素燃焼方式で運転するときは、前記バーナに前記混合ガスを供給するとともに、該混合ガスよりも少量の前記排ガスを前記2段燃焼用ガス投入口に供給する請求項4に記載のボイラ燃焼システムの運転方法。
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