Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
  • F16K3/02—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor
  • F16K3/03—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor with a closure member in the form of an iris-diaphragm
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
  • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
  • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
  • F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device as Rohgasfackel with adjustable Fackelrohgasaustritt, which consists of several nested tubes forming a torch for flaring raw gases, this arrangement includes a nozzle adjustable in cross-section, which controls the supply of raw gas, so that at the outlet side of the torch an approximately constant speed and on the inlet side an approximately constant pressure is adjustable. In this way, an unwanted extinction and vagrancy of the torch flame can be avoided during operation.
• the invention also relates to a method for burning coke oven raw gases, wherein a constant flow velocity is achieved at the exit side of the torch by the use of a cross-sectionally adjustable nozzle and the use of pipes with a certain aspect ratio.
• the intended combustion gases have a chemical composition which has a low calorific value result and therefore are only partially reusable.
• the gas to be bled must be provided under a sufficient and constant pressure to ensure adequate combustion. Since the combustion gases are usually discharged into the surrounding atmosphere, the flared gas must be burned as completely as possible and also without interruption. This means that not only the pressure of the flammable gas, but also the air supply to the combustion must be regulated. Furthermore, it must also be ensured that the escaping gas is emitted when the flame extinguishes at the outlet end of the flare tube. can be ignited again, which requires the presence of a reliable ignition device.
• the aim is to prevent, or at least greatly attenuate, a so-called "vagabonding" of the flame, which signifies the uncontrolled flickering of the flame at the exit end of the tube, especially under the action of wind Heat focus of the flame, so that the torch facilities or even adjacent equipment can be damaged.
• US 5472340 A describes a device which claims a flame igniter and a raw gas flare provided for this purpose.
• the device comprises at least two tubes of different lengths, which are arranged around a common longitudinal axis, wherein the tubes are at least partially arranged as outer and inner tube, so that air can enter through the gap for combustion, and wherein the inner tube allows one end access of combustion gas, so that the device forms a torch.
• the torch also has baffles at at least two locations, whereby the gas and air flow can be directed during combustion. If necessary, the ignition device can also be operated with solar energy. In particular, this invention solves the problem of providing a reliable torch igniter.
• said device can be operated without interruption only by a relatively constant pressure of the gas to be burned. It is not called a step in the process to burn the gas to be burned even at low pressure without interference. Also, no process step is called to mitigate the effects of wind and to ensure an atmosphere-independent, trouble-free combustion. Finally, the combustion of high-carbon gases also seeks to minimize the formation of soot to preclude harmful effects on the surrounding atmosphere. Also for this measure, no method step is mentioned in said patent application. Finally, the device may also be damaged by excessive heat load, such as occurs in a stray flame direction.
• the output of soot and nitrogen oxides should be as low as possible.
• the burn tion should also be carried out without disturbance and interruption even when the admission pressure of the gas to be burned fluctuates.
• the flame direction should be as constant as possible in order to keep the heat load of the flare material low.
• the effect of wind on the flame should have no disturbing influences.
• the device should also allow a reliable ignition of the gas to be burned.
• the invention solves this problem by a device for flaring combustible gases with adjustable opening cross-section, said device having three different tubes which are arranged around a common longitudinal axis, and wherein the tubes are arranged at least partially in a common cross-sectional plane, and the inner tube is of a gas feed tube, and this tube has a cross-sectionally adjustable aperture at the vertically upward opening through which the flow of gas can be occluded or regulated, and which is equipped with an automatable mechanism for adjusting the opening cross-section ,
• the device also typically includes at least one air baffle and outer tube shapes that permit directional supply of air and trouble-free burning of the gas to be combusted.
• the apparatus further includes an ignition device which allows the trouble-free ignition of the gas, and supply means for an inert medium, which is preferably water vapor in order to minimize the formation of soot and carbon monoxide, i. to burn the hydrocarbon-containing gas as completely as possible.
• an inert medium which is preferably water vapor in order to minimize the formation of soot and carbon monoxide, i. to burn the hydrocarbon-containing gas as completely as possible.
• Due to the adjustable cross-section aperture of the admission pressure of the outflowing gas and its outflow velocity can be regulated within wide limits or kept constant. As a result, combustion and flame formation can be largely controlled and optimized.
• Claimed is in particular a device for flaring combustible gases with adjustable opening cross-section, comprising
• a gas supply pipe having a vertically upward opening
• a mixer tube which has a larger internal cross-section than the largest outer cross-section of the gas supply tube, so that between them
• the mixer pipe being composed of a concentric pipe, a diffuser opening upwards in cross-section and a confuser opening downwards in cross-section,
• An inner tube which is arranged around the gas supply tube and which has a larger inner cross section than the largest outer cross section of the gas supply tube, and a smaller outer cross section than the smallest inner cross section of the mixer tube,
• At least one air baffle which is between the inner tube and the
• a cross-sectional adjustable aperture through which the flow of gas is closable or adjustable, and which is equipped with an automatable mechanism for adjusting the opening cross-section.
• the design of the tubes can also be made arbitrarily.
• the outer tube also called mixer tube
• the outer tube is typically provided at the top with an upwardly extending extension. This is also called diffuser.
• This upper part serves as a flame guide.
• the lower part of the mixer tube serves primarily for the supply of air.
• This part of the mixer tube is also called confuser and expands in an opening down.
• This can also be provided with guide plates or air guide plates for the directed supply of combustion air.
• Guide plates or air baffles can in principle be provided on each tube and in any arrangement. Embodiments for designing the tubes are known in the art.
• the combustion air passes through the Konfusor of the mixing tube and is performed both between the mixing tube and inner tube and between the inner tube and gas supply pipe. This leads to a two-stage combustion, which counteracts the formation of nitrogen oxides.
• the aperture, which adjusts or closes the cross section of the inner tube may be of any kind, as long as it reliably controls or closes the cross section of the inner flare tube.
• the diaphragm is preferably made of a refractory material so as to be resistant to the temperatures of the flame forming at the torch exit.
• the masking material must also be resistant to possible corrosive components of the gas to be removed. This is preferably a heat and corrosion resistant steel.
• the diaphragm consists of plates which are concentric, tangential and circular in the direction of the gas supply tube center. are closable. This corresponds to an embodiment, as it is comparatively present in a photographic diaphragm. To open or close these are then moved in the horizontal direction to the center of the tube.
• the number of plates and their size can be arbitrary. It is important that the material of the panel is resistant to the prevailing temperatures and gas or liquid components.
• An embodiment for orifices that close tangentially and circularly towards a center of the pipe (“irises") are known from US 4094492 A.
• the orifice consists of plates which are concentric, secant, and directly horizontally closable in the direction of the gas feed tube center.
• the plates can be pivoted to open upwards or downwards in the vertical direction.
• the plates are then formed as lamellae, which are preferably pulled by an actuating mechanism up in the flow direction.
• the number of slats, their size and material can also be arbitrary.
• An embodiment for diaphragms which are pivoted upwards in an upward direction in the vertical direction (“iris nozzles") are known from DE 10002529 A1, which also teaches no control of torches for the combustion of gases resulting special requirements such as high temperatures and resistance to corrosive gases.
• the diaphragm can be adjusted by way of example by means of an electrical adjusting mechanism. But it can also be a pneumatic adjusting mechanism can be selected. The choice of the type of adjusting mechanism is left to the person skilled in the art.
• the arrangement of the diaphragms can be selected temporarily or permanently so that a recess remains free in the middle of the diaphragm arrangement.
• a nozzle for supplying an inert gas is located at least one point within the gas supply pipe, the inner tube or the mixer tube, a nozzle for supplying an inert gas.
• This is typically water vapor.
• the supply of water vapor as propellant gas enables a stable flame guidance and a significant reduction in the formation of soot and carbon monoxide with almost complete to complete combustion of the carbon in the gas.
• This device may be a nozzle or a simple feed nozzle. Nozzles for supplying water vapor into gases to be flashed are known in the art.
• An exemplary embodiment of feed nozzles exemplifies DE 69917073 T2.
• These may in turn be equipped with a regulating device.
• This regulating device can be of any kind. This can also consist as the device according to the invention of diaphragms.
• the device according to the invention includes a device for igniting the gas.
• a device for igniting the gas For example, it is possible to arrange ignition lances within the cross section of the inner tube or the mixer tube. In an advantageous embodiment, these are at least two ignition lances, which are arranged at an angle of 80 ° to 100 °, and through which an electric arc voltage or spark can be generated.
• the electrical voltage can be generated in any way. This can also be chosen arbitrarily high to ensure a reliable ignition.
• An example of a prior art ignition lance assembly is US 4147498A.
• the supply of the gas to the torch can be of any kind.
• this is a simple tube, which opens into the gas supply of the inner tube, so that the pressure of the outflowing gas is controlled only by the diaphragm according to the invention.
• a torch valve below the inner tube and the mixer tube there is a torch valve, which can be shut off.
• This can be of any kind. This can for example consist of a dip cup with water supply, so that the pressure of the gas supplied to the immersion cup is already regulated or shut off to some extent already in the supply to the torch.
• An embodiment of a pressure-regulating immersion cup is described in EP 1390440 B1.
• the flare valve is in a further embodiment of at least one immersion cup, which consists of two halves, these halves are to be opened independently, to regulate or close.
• the flare valve is redundant, so that it is still functional even in case of failure of a half and the gas to be flared must not be discharged unburned into the atmosphere.
• Gas-supplying flare valves with immersion cups are well known in the art.
• the torch valves are preferably pneumatically opened, regulated or closed with a pneumatic cylinder. To practice the present invention, it is possible for each half to be actuated individually. Due to the presence of two pneumatic cylinders, the immersion cup is still functional even if one cylinder fails.
• This typically introduces the gas to be flared into the gas supply pipe and regulates the adjustment of the exit velocity of the gas to be flared by the aperture which is adjustable in cross-section.
• the velocity of the effluent flammable gas during Abfackeins is controlled so that it remains the same and ensures trouble-free flame guidance. This procedure can also prevent unwanted vagrancy or the extinction of the flame.
• a reduced flame temperature is achieved by a two-stage combustion.
• This two-stage combustion is achieved by selecting the ratios of the cross sections of the gas supply pipe and the inner pipe and the inner pipe and mixer pipe so that a reduced air supply amount into the inner pipe to a substoichiometric combustion air ratio (first combustion stage) and the relatively increased air supply through the annular gap between Mixer tube and inner tube in the upper part of the mixer tube to a superstoichiometric combustion air ratio in the mixer tube above the inner tube (second combustion stage) leads.
• an inert gas is introduced into the gas supply pipe, the inner pipe or the mixer pipe. It is preferably water vapor. However, it is also possible to introduce additional raw gas, which is intended for removal. Finally, in a further embodiment of the invention, a mixture of water vapor and gas to be burned off can also be introduced. This is preferably supplied at a pressure of 7 to 15 bar. For flaring all gases are suitable which have a sufficiently high calorific value for flaring. These are typically coke oven raw gases or refinery gases.
• the supply of the gas to be flared in the torch according to the invention can be made arbitrarily. In a simple embodiment, this can be done unregulated by a simple tube. In a preferred embodiment, an upstream flare valve is disposed below the flare tubes, which contains at least one immersion cup. This is as described preferably from two independently operated
• Diving cups which may also be in the form of halves of a dipping cup.
• the two halves of the immersion cup of the upstream flare valve can be synchronously opened, controlled or closed by a respective pneumatic cylinder in a preferred embodiment.
• the torch according to the invention may be associated with a gas reservoir as a buffer tank to counteract a pressure build-up when closing the diaphragm or the upstream torch valve.
• the number of Rohgasfackeln be significantly reduced, since the heat generation of the flares is lower and the reliability is increased. Often, half of the usual number of facings is sufficient. Also, the flares can be designed lower, as the heat radiation is lower and does not have to be expected with the emission of unburned gas.
• the invention has the following advantages:
• the torch can be operated at a constant exit velocity of the gas to be flared, resulting in a stable flame guidance with high reliability of flaring result. Vagabundant flames with an undesirable shift in the center of gravity are avoided, so that damage to the torch and impairment of the environment can be ruled out.
• the action of the wind results in significantly less damage to the torch process than in prior art devices.
• the possibility of arranging a reliable ignition device ensures that combustion always takes place so that the undesired emission of unburned gas practically does not occur.
• the formation of soot in the flaring of carbon-rich gas can be virtually eliminated by supplying inert gas and the formation of nitrogen oxides can be successfully counteracted by a two-stage combustion.
• FIG. 1 shows a crude gas flare according to the invention without an upstream flare valve in the side view and the shutters in the opened state.
• FIG. 2 shows a crude gas flare according to the invention with an upstream flare valve and the shutters in the opened state.
• FIG. 3 shows a crude gas flare according to the invention with an upstream flare valve and the shutters in the closed state.
• FIG. 4 shows a raw gas flare according to the invention in the vertical view from above.
• FIG. 1 shows a crude gas flare (1) according to the invention in a lateral view.
• the raw gas (2) flows out through the gas supply pipe (3) upwards.
• the gas supply pipe (3) is surrounded by the so-called inner tube (4). This in turn is surrounded by the mixer tube (5), which consists of a middle part (5a), a confuser (5b) and a diffuser (5c).
• the gas supply pipe (3) contains at the upper outlet end (3a) a diaphragm (6) which opens in the vertical direction by lifting. To see is the adjusting mechanism (7), which opens the aperture (6), controls or closes. At the upper exit end of the torch, a flame is formed (8).
• FIG. FIG. 2 shows a crude gas flare (1) according to the invention in a lateral view with upstream flare valve (9).
• the raw gas (2) flows out through the gas supply pipe (3) upwards.
• the gas supply pipe (3) contains at the upper outlet end (3a) a diaphragm (6) which opens in the vertical direction by lifting. This is shown here in open form (6a). To see is the adjusting mechanism (7), which opens the aperture (6), controls or closes. Above this diaphragm (6) is an ignition mechanism (10), which consists of two offset by 90 ° arranged ignition lances (10a, 10b). From the ignition lances (10a, 10b), a spark or an arc (10c) can be generated by applying an electrical voltage. The electrical voltage is supplied through two poles (10d, 10e, not shown here). Watching are also air baffles (11) which are arranged in the inner tube (4) or in the mixer tube (5).
• the torch (1) also contains a feed device (12) for an inert gas (12a), which is preferably water vapor.
• a feed device (12) for an inert gas (12a) which is preferably water vapor.
• an upstream flare valve (9) is provided, which consists of two halves (9a, 9b) of a dip cup. Each of these two halves has a lid which can be lifted by a pneumatic actuator.
• FIG. 3 shows a crude gas flare (1) according to the invention in a lateral view with upstream flare valve (9).
• the raw gas (2) flows out through the gas supply pipe (3) upwards.
• the gas supply pipe (3) contains at the upper outlet end (3a) a diaphragm (6) which opens in the vertical direction by lifting. This can be seen here in closed form (6b). As a result, the gas flow is completely or almost shut off.
• FIG. 1 shows a crude gas flare (1) according to the invention in a lateral view with upstream flare valve (9).
• the raw gas (2) flows out through the gas supply pipe (3)
• FIG. 4 shows a crude gas flare (1) according to the invention in a vertical view from above. You can see the cross section of the curved mixer tube (5), the inner tube (4) and the gas supply pipe (3).
• the panels (6) are arranged tangentially and can be opened by lateral pivoting. To see here are the adjusting mechanism (7) and the ignition lances (10a, 10b). Also visible are the feed nozzles (12) for the inert gas (12a). This is preferably water vapor.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
• Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (7)

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• 2010
  • 2010-08-23 DE DE102010035153A patent/DE102010035153A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2011
  • 2011-08-16 JP JP2013525169A patent/JP2013536396A/ja active Pending
  • 2011-08-16 CA CA2809070A patent/CA2809070A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-08-16 US US13/818,009 patent/US20130143170A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-08-16 EP EP11749344.5A patent/EP2609370A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-08-16 WO PCT/EP2011/004111 patent/WO2012031666A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2011-08-16 BR BR112013003948A patent/BR112013003948A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-08-16 CN CN2011800387536A patent/CN103168201A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-08-16 UA UAA201301468A patent/UA108385C2/ru unknown
  • 2011-08-16 RU RU2013110027/03A patent/RU2013110027A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-08-16 KR KR1020137007016A patent/KR20140015251A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-08-16 AU AU2011300895A patent/AU2011300895A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-08-16 MX MX2013002091A patent/MX2013002091A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-08-23 AR ARP110103056A patent/AR082525A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2013
  • 2013-02-19 CL CL2013000486A patent/CL2013000486A1/es unknown
  • 2013-03-19 CO CO13054295A patent/CO6650401A2/es active IP Right Grant

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