WO2012031404A1 - 苯并二噻吩有机半导体材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

苯并二噻吩有机半导体材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2012031404A1
WO2012031404A1 PCT/CN2010/076808 CN2010076808W WO2012031404A1 WO 2012031404 A1 WO2012031404 A1 WO 2012031404A1 CN 2010076808 W CN2010076808 W CN 2010076808W WO 2012031404 A1 WO2012031404 A1 WO 2012031404A1
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organic
dithiophene
organic semiconductor
quinoxaline
alkyl
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PCT/CN2010/076808
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周明杰
黄杰
许二建
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海洋王照明科技股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2013527438A priority Critical patent/JP5665992B2/ja
Priority to EP10856866.8A priority patent/EP2615095B1/en
Priority to US13/821,629 priority patent/US8557987B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/076808 priority patent/WO2012031404A1/zh
Priority to CN201080068940.4A priority patent/CN103080114B/zh
Publication of WO2012031404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012031404A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic semiconductor material, and more particularly to a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials.
  • the invention also relates to a process for preparing a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials and applications thereof. Background technique
  • the benzoxyldithiophene organic semiconductor material of the present invention has the following structure (P):
  • x + y 2; 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ l; Kn ⁇ 100; Rj , R 2 is C C C 20 alkyl; R 3 is selected from C wide C 2Q alkyl; And R 5 is hydrogen, benzene, C-C 2Q alkyl or C-C 2Q alkoxy-substituted phenyl.
  • a benzoxyldithiophene organic semiconductor material designed by the present invention is prepared as follows:
  • C After performing Stille coupling reaction in the first catalyst and the first organic solvent for 24-72 hours,
  • the first organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran (THF, the same hereinafter), ethylene glycol dioxime ether, benzene, chlorobenzene or toluene;
  • the catalyst is an organic palladium catalyst or a mixture of an organic palladium and an organophosphine ligand, the molar ratio of the mixture of the organic palladium to the organophosphine ligand is 1:1 to 20, and the organic palladium is Pd 2 (dba) 3 , Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , the organic phosphine ligand is P(o-Tol) 3 ; the first catalyst is added in an amount of 0.01% to 30% by weight of the total substance;
  • x + y 2; 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ l; Kn ⁇ 100;
  • R 2 is a C 20 alkyl group widely C;
  • R 3 is selected from C alkyl group. 2Q wide C;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, benzene, C-C 2Q alkyl or C-C 2Q alkoxy-substituted phenyl.
  • the unit has a unique structure, and the two thiophene rings in the structural unit are in the same plane, thereby effectively extending the conjugate property of the organic semiconductor material and reducing the energy gap thereof, so that the carriers are in the two main chains. Inter-transfer becomes easier, increasing carrier mobility;
  • thiophene unit which is a five-membered ring structure, conforms to the shock rule, has a moderate energy band gap, a broad spectral response, good thermal stability and environmental stability; quinoxaline unit as An excellent acceptor unit with strong electron-withdrawing ability, high electron transport properties, high glass transition temperature, excellent electrochemical reduction properties, and the like. Moreover, the quinoxaline unit has strong modification, and the electron-donating group and the electron-accepting group can be introduced by a simple method to adjust the electron-withdrawing property.
  • the structural unit, the thiophene unit and the quinoxaline unit take into account their performance advantages, and expand the absorption range of the organic semiconductor material for sunlight, and increase the matching degree with the solar radiation spectrum, thereby effectively expanding the organic semiconductor material.
  • the preparation of the organic semiconductor material can be carried out by controlling the temperature in a suitable reaction environment to obtain a target product. Therefore, the preparation process is simple, easy to operate and control, and is suitable for industrial production. .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a device
  • the 5,8-dibromo-2,3-disubstituted-quinoxaline, 3-alkyl-2-boronic acid thiophene, and anhydrous sodium carbonate are added to the second organic compound containing the second catalyst.
  • the reaction produces 5,8-di-(4-alkyl-2-thienyl)-2,3-disubstituted-quinoxaline; wherein the second catalyst is organic palladium or organic palladium and organic a mixture of the tablet ligand; the second organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dichlorodecane, trichloroalkane or ethyl acetate; the reaction formula is as follows:
  • step S3 Preparation of step S3,5,8-di-(5-bromo-4-alkyl-2-thienyl)-2,3-disubstituted-quinoxaline N-bromosuccinyl in an anaerobic environment
  • the imine the 5,8-di-(4-alkyl-2-thienyl)-2,3-substituted-quinoxaline is added to a mixed solvent of sulphuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid at 10 ° C ⁇ Reaction at 30 °C
  • 58-di-(5-bromo-4-alkyl-2-thienyl)-2,3-disubstituted-quinoxaline is obtained; the reaction formula is as follows:
  • N-bromosuccinimide N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, the same below), 4,5-dialkyl-benzo[2,lb:3,4-b,]dithiophene is added to sulfuric acid and The reaction mixture is reacted at 10 ° C to 30 ° C for 12 - 48 hours in a mixed solvent of trifluoroacetic acid to obtain the 4,4-dialkyl-2,6-dibromo-cyclopentadiene [2, lb: 3 , 4-b'] dithio reaction formula is as follows: ;
  • R 2 is the same or different C-wide C 2 .
  • Alkyl; R 3 is selected from C-C 2 .
  • R 5 are the same or different hydrogen, benzene, Ci ⁇ C 20 alkyl or C ⁇ Czo alkoxy substituted phenyl;
  • Step S7 the reactant mixture in step S6 is added dropwise to the decyl alcohol, and subjected to sedimentation treatment, followed by suction filtration, decyl alcohol washing, and drying to obtain a hetero-organic semiconductor material; and then dissolved in benzene to obtain an organic semiconductor.
  • a benzene solution of the material
  • Step S8 adding the terpene solution containing the organic semiconductor material in step S7 to the aqueous solution of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, heating and stirring the mixture at 80-100 ° C, and passing the mixture through the column layer of alumina.
  • the organic semiconductor material is separated, then chlorobenzene is rinsed, then the chlorobenzene organic solvent is removed under reduced pressure, and finally the organic semiconductor material is extracted by acetone so as to obtain the organic semiconductor material solid.
  • step S6 In the above method for preparing an organic semiconductor material, in step S6:
  • the first organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran (THF, the same hereinafter), ethylene glycol dioxime ether, benzene, chlorobenzene or toluene;
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • ethylene glycol dioxime ether ethylene glycol dioxime ether
  • benzene chlorobenzene or toluene
  • the molar ratio of the mixture of the organic palladium to the organophosphine ligand is 1:1-20, and the organic palladium is Pd 2 (dba) 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , organic phosphine
  • the body is P(o-Tol) 3 ; the amount of the first catalyst added is 0.01% to 30% of the total amount of the substance.
  • the oxygen-free environment of the present invention is composed of a mixture of nitrogen and/or inert gas.
  • thiophene is a five-membered ring structure, conforms to the shock rule, has a moderate band gap, a wide optical response, good thermal stability and environmental stability, thiophene-based organic semiconductor materials are a promising class.
  • the material, its application in the field of photovoltaics has been extensively studied.
  • the benzo[2,l-b:3,4-b,]dithiophene has a rigid crystal structure in which the two thiophene rings in the structural unit are in the same plane. This structure can effectively extend the conjugate properties of the polymer and reduce the bandwidth of the polymer. And this coplanar structure makes it easier to transfer carriers between the two main chains, thereby increasing carrier mobility. So based on the above properties, benzoxazole
  • quinoxaline unit As an excellent acceptor unit with strong electron-withdrawing ability, quinoxaline unit is widely used in photovoltaic materials.
  • the compound containing a quinoxaline unit has high electron transport properties, a high glass transition temperature, excellent electrochemical reduction properties, and the like. Further, the quinoxaline unit has a strong modification property, and an electron-donating group and an electron-accepting group can be introduced by a simple method to adjust the electron-withdrawing property. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in organic optoelectronic materials.
  • the material containing the above three units is still free of literature and patents, which greatly limits its application range. Therefore, the present invention has developed a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials, expanding their applications in fields such as organic solar cells.
  • This example discloses a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials having the following structure.
  • the mixed droplets are added to the decyl alcohol for sedimentation, suction filtration, decyl alcohol washing, and drying; then dissolved in chlorobenzene, added to an aqueous solution of sodium diethyl sulfonate sodium citrate; then the mixture is heated to 80. C was stirred overnight.
  • the organic phase was subjected to column chromatography on alumina, and chloroform was rinsed; the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the decyl alcohol was precipitated and suction filtered, and the obtained solid was subjected to Soxhlet extraction for three days in acetone; decyl alcohol was precipitated, suction filtered, and vacuum pump was taken overnight.
  • Nitrogen gas was introduced and bubbling for 0.5 h to remove residual oxygen.
  • the mixed droplets are added to the decyl alcohol for sedimentation, suction filtration, decyl alcohol washing, and drying; then dissolved in chlorobenzene, added to an aqueous solution of sodium diethyl sulfonate sodium citrate; then the mixture is heated to 80. C was stirred overnight.
  • the organic phase was subjected to column chromatography on alumina, eluting with chloroform; organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the decyl alcohol was allowed to stand and filtered with suction.
  • the obtained solid was subjected to Soxhlet extraction with acetone for three days; sterol was precipitated and suction filtered.
  • the vacuum product was pumped overnight to obtain a solid product of the benzodiazepine organic semiconductor P 2 .
  • the yield was 51%.
  • Oxazole dithiophene organic semiconductor P 3 Under nitrogen protection, will contain the compound 5,8-di-(5-bromo-4-n-icosyl-2-thienyl)-2-mercapto-3-n-icosyl-quinoxaline (0.65 g, 0.5 mmol), 2,7-bistridecyltin-4,5-dioctylbenzo[2,lb:3,4-b,]dithiophene (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol) A solution of chlorobenzene (25 mL) was bubbled through nitrogen and bubbling for 0.5 h to remove residual oxygen.
  • benzodithiophene organic semiconductor P 7 Under nitrogen protection, it will contain the compound 5,8-di-(5-bromo-4-n-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-quinoxaline (0.51 g, 0.5 mmol), 2,7- A solution of bistrimercapto tin-4,5-dioctyl benzo[2,lb:3,4-b,]dithiophene (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol) in chlorobenzene (25 mL), nitrogen, drum The bubbles were removed for 0.5 h to remove residual oxygen.
  • This example discloses a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials having the following structure.
  • the structure is as follows:
  • R 2 is C widely C 2 .
  • the substrate in the present embodiment is made of ITO glass, glass is used as a substrate substrate, and ITO is used as a conductive layer.
  • the structure of the polymer solar cell device is: glass 11 / ITO layer 12 / PEDOT: PSS layer 13 / active layer 14 / A1 layer 15; wherein the active layer is made of a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials of the invention
  • ITO is indium tin oxide with a sheet resistance of 10-20 ⁇ / ⁇
  • PEDOT is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
  • PSS is poly(styrenesulfonic acid); preferably the sheet resistance is 10 ⁇ /
  • the ITO of the mouth is about 50-300 nm thick.
  • the preparation process of the polymer solar cell device is:
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • a layer of modified PEDOT:PSS layer 13 is applied on the surface of the ITO, and the thickness is about 20-300 nm;
  • PSS poly(styrenesulfonic acid) layer 13 by spin coating, having a thickness of about 50-300 nm;
  • the active layer is made of material a class of benzophenone dithiophene organic semiconductor materials of the invention;
  • the polymer solar cell device was encapsulated with epoxy resin, annealed at 120 ° C for 2 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. Since the chemical structure of the material is more regular and ordered after annealing, the carrier transfer speed and efficiency are improved, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.
  • the thicknesses of the ITO, PEDOT:PSS, active layer, and A1 layers are 110 nm, 60 nm, 110 nm, and 100 nm, respectively.
  • An organic electroluminescent device having a structure as shown in Fig. 2; in the embodiment, the substrate is made of ITO glass, glass is used as a substrate substrate, and ITO is used as a conductive layer.
  • the structure of the organic electroluminescent device is: glass 21 / ITO layer 22 / luminescent layer 23 / LiF buffer layer 24 / A1 layer 25; wherein: the luminescent layer is made of a class of benzodiazepine organic semiconductor materials of the invention .
  • the preparation process of the organic electroluminescent device is:
  • ITO layer 22 having a sheet resistance of 10-20 ⁇ / ⁇ is deposited on one surface of the glass substrate 21 to form a conductive layer as an anode having a thickness of 50-300 nm; preferably a sheet resistance of 10 ⁇ . / mouth of ITO.
  • Metal aluminum is vacuum-deposited on the light-emitting layer to form a metal aluminum layer 25 as a cathode to obtain the organic electroluminescent device.
  • An organic field effect transistor having a structure as shown in FIG. 3; A doped silicon wafer (Si) is used as the substrate.
  • the structure of the organic field effect transistor is: Si31 / 450 nm thick SiO 2 insulating layer 32 / octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) layer 33 for modifying SiO 2 / organic semiconductor layer 34 / source of gold material
  • a SiO 2 insulating layer 32 is coated on one surface of the cleaned doped silicon wafer 31; secondly, a modified octadecyltrichlorosilane is coated on the SiO 2 insulating layer.
  • a layer 33 having a thickness of 10 to 200 nm; then, a layer of an organic semiconductor layer 34 made of a benzophenone dithiophene organic semiconductor material of the present invention is spin-coated on the octadecyltrichlorosilane layer, thickness Approximately 30-300 nm; finally, a source electrode (S) 35 and a drain electrode (D) 36 made of gold are disposed on the organic semiconductor layer to obtain the organic field effect transistor.
  • S source electrode
  • D drain electrode

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Description

苯并二噻吩有机半导体材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机半导体材料,更具体的涉及一类苯唑二噻吩有机半 导体材料。
本发明还涉及一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料的制备方法及其应用。 背景技术
利用廉价材料制备低成本、 高效能的太阳能电池一直是光伏领域的研 究热点和难点。 目前用于地面的硅太阳能电池由于生产工艺复杂、 成本高, 使其应用受到限制。 为了降低成本, 拓展应用范围, 长期以来人们一直在 寻找新型的太阳能电池材料。 聚合物太阳能电池因为原料价格低廉、 质量 轻、 柔性、 生产工艺简单、 可用涂布、 印刷等方式大面积制备等优点而备 受关注, 如果能够将其能量转化效率提高到接近商品硅太阳能电池的水平, 其市场前景将是非常巨大的。 自 1992年 N. S. Sariciftci等在 SCIENCE ( N. S Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A. J. Heeger, et al. Science, 1992, 258, 1474 )上才艮道共 轭聚合物与 C6。之间的光诱导电子转移现象后, 人们在聚合物太阳能电池方 面投入了大量研究, 并取得了飞速的发展。 目前, 聚合物太阳能电池的研 究主要集中于给体、 受体共混体系, 釆用 PTB7与 PC71BM共混体系的能量转 化效率已经达到 7.4% ( Y. Liang et al, Adv. Mater.; DOI:
10.1002/adma.200903528 ) , 但是仍比无机太阳能电池的转换效率低得多, 限制性能提高的主要制约因素有: 有机半导体器件相对较低的载流子迁移 率, 器件的光谱响应与太阳辐射光谱不匹配, 高光子通量的红光区没有被 有效利用以及载流子的电极收集效率低等。 为了使聚合物太阳能电池得到 实际的应用, 开发新型的材料, 大幅度提高其能量转换效率仍是这一研究 领域的首要任务。
发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料,用以解决上述 问题。
本发明的目的还在于提供一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料的制备方法 和应用。
本发明所述的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料具有以下结构 ( P ):
Figure imgf000003_0001
式中, x+y =2; 1 <x<2, 0< y <l ; Kn <100; Rj , R2为 C广 C20的烷基; R3选自 C广 C2Q的烷基; 、 R5为氢、 苯、 C广 C2Q的烷基或 C广 C2Q的烷氧基 取代的苯基。
本发明所设计的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料, 其制备方案如下:
无氧环境中, 将 的 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑
[2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩、 7-二溴 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]
二噻吩以及结构式为
Figure imgf000003_0002
的 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3- 二取代-喹喔啉按摩尔比 m:p:q ( m=p+q, m, , q 为正实数)在温度为 60-132。C、第一催化剂和第一有机溶剂中进行 Stille偶合反应 24-72小时后,
Figure imgf000004_0001
机半导体材料的反应物混合液;其中,所述第一有机溶剂为四氢呋喃(THF, 下同)、 乙二醇二曱醚、 苯、 氯苯或曱苯中的至少一种; 所述第一催化剂为 有机钯催化剂或有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物, 有机钯与有机膦配体的混 合物的摩尔比为 1 :1~20, 有机钯是 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 , 有 机膦配体为 P(o-Tol)3 ; 第一催化剂的添加量按摩尔比占总物质的 0.01%~30%;
其反应式如下:
Figure imgf000004_0002
式中, x+y =2; 1 <x<2, 0< y <l ; Kn <100; ,R2为 C广 C20的烷基; R3选自 C广 C2Q的烷基; 、 R5为氢、 苯、 C广 C2Q的烷基或 C广 C2Q的烷氧基 取代的苯基。
能电池, 有机电致发光器件, 有机场效应晶体管, 有机光存储, 有机非线性器件和 有机激光器件等领域中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比至少具备以下优点: 单元具有独特的结构, 它的结构单元中的两个噻吩环在同一个平面上, 从 而有效延长了该有机半导体材料的共轭性能, 降低其能隙, 使得载流子在 两个主链之间转移变得更加容易, 增加了载流子迁移率;
2. 同时还含有噻吩单元, 该单元是五元环结构, 符合休克儿规则, 具 有适中的能带隙, 较宽的光谱响应, 较好的热稳定性和环境稳定性; 喹喔 啉单元作为一种具有强吸电子能力的优良受体单元, 具有高的电子传输性 质, 高的玻璃化转变温度, 优异的电化学还原性质等等。 并且喹喔啉单元 具有较强的可修饰性, 可以利用简便的方法引入供电子基团和受电子基团, 调节其吸电子性能。 构单元、 噻吩单元和喹喔啉单元, 兼顾了它们的性能优势, 并扩展了该有 机半导体材料对太阳光的吸收范围, 增加了与太阳辐射光谱的匹配度, 从 而有效扩展了该有机半导体材料在聚合物太阳能电池、 有机电致发光器件、 有机场效应晶体管、 有机光存储器件或 /和有机激光器件中的应用;
4. 所述有机半导体材料的制备通过将有限的反应物在适当的反应环境 中, 通过控制温度就能发生反应从而制得目标产物, 因此, 制备工艺简单, 易于操作和控制, 适合于工业化生产。
附图说明 件的结构示意图; 的结构示意图; 晶体管的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料, 具有以下结构 (P ):
Figure imgf000006_0001
式中, x+y =2; 1 <x<2, 0< y <1 ; Kn <100; Rj ,R2为 C广 C20的烷基; R3选自 C广 C2Q的烷基; 、 R5为氢、 苯、 C广 C2Q的烷基或 C广 C2Q的烷氧基 取代的苯基。
上述所述苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料, 其制备方案如下:
步骤 Sl、 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉的制备
将 3,6-二溴-邻苯二胺和烷基乙二酮混合反应, 制得 5,8-二溴 -2,3-二取 代-喹喔啉; 反应式如下:
Figure imgf000006_0002
步骤 S2、 5,8-二 -(4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉的制备
无氧环境中, 将所述 5,8-二溴 -2,3-二取代-喹喔啉、 3-烷基 -2-硼酸噻吩 以及无水碳酸钠加入到含第二催化剂的第二有机溶剂中, 反应制得 5,8-二 -(4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉; 其中, 所述第二催化剂为有机钯或 有机钯与有机碑配体的混合物; 所述第二有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 二 氯曱烷、 三氯 烷或乙酸乙酯中的至少一种; 反应式如下:
Figure imgf000006_0003
步骤 S3、 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉的制备 无氧环境中,将 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、所述 5,8-二 -(4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3- -取代-喹喔啉加入到石克酸与三氟乙酸的混合溶剂中 10°C ~ 30 °C下反应 12 ~ 48小时, 得到 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉; 反应 式如下:
Figure imgf000007_0001
步骤 S4、 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩的制备
在 -78°C ~ -25°C下, 将 4,5-二烷基 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩、 丁基锂 ( Buli, 下同)或正丁基锂(n-Buli )或叔丁基锂(t-Buli )滴加到第三有机 溶剂中混合, 然后向混合液中加入三曱基氯化锡(Me3SnCl, 下同), 制得 所述 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩; 其中, 第三有机溶剂为四氢 呋喃、 乙醚、 二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷或乙酸乙酯中的至少一种; 反应是如下:
Figure imgf000007_0002
步骤 S5、 2,7-二溴 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩的制备
无氧环境中, 将 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS , 下同)、 4,5-二烷基 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩加入到硫酸与三氟乙酸的混合溶剂中于 10°C ~ 30°C下 反应 12 - 48小时,得到所述 4,4-二烷基 -2,6-二溴-环戊二烯 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻 反应式如下:
Figure imgf000007_0003
;
步骤 S6、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料的制备
无氧环境中, 将 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩、 2,7-二溴-苯 唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩以及 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉按摩尔 比 m:p:q ( m=p+q, m, , q为正实数)在温度为 60~132°C、 催化剂和有机 ~72 小时后, 得到含结构式为
Figure imgf000008_0001
式中, x+y =2; 1 <x<2, 0< y <1 ; Kn <100; ,R2为相同或不相同的 C广 C2。的烷基; R3选自 C广 C2。的烷基; 、 R5为相同或不相同的氢、 苯、 Ci~C20的烷基或 C^Czo的烷氧基取代的苯基;
步骤 S7 , 将步骤 S6中的反应物混合液滴加到曱醇中, 进行沉降处理, 然后抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥, 得含杂有机半导体材料; 随后用曱苯溶解, 得含有机半导体材料的曱苯溶液;
步骤 S8、将步骤 S7中含有机半导体材料的曱苯溶液加入到二乙基二硫 代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中, 80-100°C加热搅拌混合液,将混合液通过氧化铝 的柱层析, 分离出有机半导体材料, 然后氯苯淋洗, 随后减压除去氯苯有 机溶剂, 最后用丙酮索氏提取有机半导体材料, 得到所述有机半导体材料 固体。
上述有机半导体材料制备方法中, 步骤 S6中:
所述第一有机溶剂为四氢呋喃 (THF, 下同)、 乙二醇二曱醚、 苯、 氯 苯或曱苯中的至少一种; 中, 有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物的摩尔比为 1: 1~20 , 有机钯是 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, 有机膦配体为 P(o-Tol)3; 第一催化剂的添加量总 物质摩尔量的 0.01%~30%。
本发明的无氧环境是由氮气和 /或惰性气体混合构成。
由于噻吩是五元环结构, 符合休克儿规则, 具有适中的能带隙, 较宽 的光语响应, 较好的热稳定性和环境稳定性, 因此噻吩类有机半导体材料 是一类很有前途的材料, 其在光伏领域的应用已得到广泛研究。
苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩具有刚性的晶体结构——它的结构单元中的两 个噻吩环在同一个平面上。 这种结构可以有效延长聚合物的共轭性能, 降 低聚合物的带宽。 并且这种共平面结构使得载流子在两个主链之间转移变 得更加容易, 从而增加了载流子迁移率。 所以基于以上的性质, 苯唑
[2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩结构单元的材料在有机太阳能电池方面有着非常广泛的 研 。
喹喔啉单元作为一种具有强吸电子能力的优良受体单元, 在光电材料 中的应用非常广泛。 含有喹喔啉单元的化合物具有高的电子传输性质, 高 的玻璃化转变温度, 优异的电化学还原性质等等。 并且喹喔啉单元具有较 强的可修饰性, 可以利用简便的方法引入供电子基团和受电子基团, 调节 其吸电子性能。 因此它在有机光电材料中有着广泛的应用。
然而, 同时含有以上三个单元的材料目前仍没有文献和专利 道, 这 就大大限制了它的应用范围。 因此, 本发明开发了一类苯唑二噻吩有机半 导体材料, 扩大它们在有机太阳能电池等领域的应用范围。
下面结合附图, 对本发明的较佳实施例作进一步详细说明。
实施例 1
本实施例公布一类结构如下的苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料。 结构式如 下:
Figure imgf000010_0001
式中, x+y =2; 1 <l x<2, 0< y<l ; Kn <100; Rj , R2为 C广 C2。的烷基; R- 选自 C广 C2Q的烷基; 、 R5为 C广 C2Q的烷基。
上述材料的制备过程如下:
一、化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-取代 -2-噻吩基-2,3-二烷基-喹喔啉, 结构式如下:
Figure imgf000010_0002
现以 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -2-(4-十二烷基)噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基-喹喔啉为例予以 说明。
1 )、 5,8-二溴 2,3-二辛基-喹喔啉, 结构是如下:
i
Figure imgf000010_0003
以 5,8-二溴 -2,3-二辛基喹喔啉的制备为例予以说明。制备过程如下所述: C8H 7 C8H17
Figure imgf000011_0001
在 120。C下,将 3,6-二溴-邻苯二胺( 0.5 g, 1.85 mmol)加入到化合物二 辛基乙二酮 (0.28 g, 1 mmol)的乙酸(30 mL)溶液中。 回流过夜, 将反应液倒 入水中, 碳酸氢钠中和至中性。 氯仿萃取, 饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠 干燥。 旋转蒸发除去溶剂, 粗产品柱层析得白色固体, 然后氯仿 /正己烷重 结晶, 得到所要产物。 产率 80%。 MS (EI) m/z: 512 (^);
2 )、 5,8-二- ( 4-十二烷基 2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基-喹喔啉
Figure imgf000011_0002
在氮气氛围下,将含有 5,8-二溴 -2,3-二辛基喹喔啉 (0.85 g, 1.67 mmol), 3- 十二烷基 -2-硼酸噻吩 (1.5 g, 4.0 mmol), 无水碳酸钠 (5.3 g, 50mmol ) , Pd(PPh3)4( 0.1 g, 0.08 mmol)的四氢呋喃水溶液( THF 80 mL; ¾0, 20 mL ) 的混合液加热至回流, 然后搅拌过夜。 将反应液倒入水中, 抽滤, 水洗, 将所得粗产物柱层析得产品, 产率 65%。 MS (MALDI) m/z: 855 (+);
3 ) 5,8-二 -(5-溴- 4-十二烷基- 2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基-喹喔啉
Figure imgf000011_0003
在氮气氛围下, 将 NBS(0.54, 3.0 mmol)加入到含有 5,8-二 (2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二 辛基-喹喔啉 ( 1.2 g, 1.4 mmol ) 的四氢呋喃( THF 50 mL )溶液中, 室温搅 拌过夜。 将反应液旋干的粗产物, 柱层析得产品, 产率 77%。 MS (MALDI) m/z: 1013 ( ); 二、 化合物 2,7-二溴 4,5-二烷基取代苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩和 2,7-双- 曱基锡 -4,5-二烷基取代苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩, 结构式如下:
Figure imgf000012_0001
、 Macromolecules 2008, 41 , 5688公开的方法制备得到了相应的产物 ( 以 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩为例予以说明。
Figure imgf000012_0002
将在 -78。C下, 将 t-BuLi(5.3 mL, 1.4 mol/L, 7.5 mmol)滴加到 4,5-二辛基 苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (1.03 g, 2.5)的四氢呋喃溶液( 100 mL )中。 将混合 液在緩慢恢复到室温, 搅拌 0.5 h。 然后冷却至 -78。C , 将三曱基氯化锡(7.5 mmol , 7.5 mL )滴加到上述溶液中。 緩慢恢复室温, 搅拌过夜。 将上述反 应液用水淬灭, 旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃, 氯仿 /水萃取, 水洗涤, 无水硫酸 钠干燥。 除去有机相得到棕色固体。产率 54%。 MS (MALDI) m/z: 617(^)。
以下是本实施例一中, 苯唑二噻喻有机半导体材料(P P2, P3, P4, P5 , P6、 P7 )制备过程, 其中, R4、 ^为 ^-^。的烷基
三、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 Pi
Figure imgf000012_0003
Ρ1 η = 47
x=1,y=1
在氮气保护下, 将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基-喹喔啉 ( 0.34 g, 0. 5 mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4-曱基 -5-正二十烷基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,] 二噻吩 (0.41 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯( 25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓泡 0.5 h 除去 残留的氧气。然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。继续通入氮气,鼓泡 1 h 除去残留的氧气,然后加热到 100 °C 反应 45小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 80。C搅拌过夜。 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天; 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 的固体产物。 产率 62 %。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn = 47500, M Mn = 2.3)。
二噻吩有机半导体 P:
Figure imgf000013_0001
X=1 ,y=1 在氮气保护下,将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基- 2-噻吩基) -喹喔啉 ( 0.39 g, 0.5 mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯(25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓泡 l h 除去残留的氧气, 然后加热到 132°C反应 48小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P2的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 80。C搅拌过夜。 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天; 曱醇沉降, 抽滤。 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P2的固体产物。 产率 51 %。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n = 26500, M Mn = 1.9 )。
五、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P3
Figure imgf000014_0001
在氮气保护下, 将含有化合物物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正二十烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2-曱 基 -3-正二十烷基-喹喔啉( 0.65 g, 0. 5mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯 ( 25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓 泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓泡 1 h 除去残留的氧 气, 然后加热到 80°C反应 55小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P3的反应 物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 90。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天。 曱醇沉降, 抽滤。 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P3的固体产物。 产率 60%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n =78300, M Mn = 2.1 )。
六、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P4
Figure imgf000014_0002
x=1 ,y=1 在氩气保护下,将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-曱基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基 -喹喔啉( 0.35 g, 0. 5mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻 吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯(25 mL )溶液。 通入氩气, 鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留 的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )„ 继续通入氩气, 鼓泡 1 h 除去残留的氧气, 然后加热到 60°C 反应 69小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P4的反应物混合液。 将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 100。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天。 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P4的固体产物。 产率 48%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n = 6900, M Mn = 2.3 )。
七、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P5
Figure imgf000015_0001
在氮气和氩气混合气保护下, 将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基 -2- 噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基 -喹喔啉( 0.25 g, 0. 25mmol), 2,7-二溴 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 ( 0.14 g, 0.25 mmol ), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯( 25 mL )溶液, 通入氩气和氮 气混合气,鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氩气和氮气混合气, 鼓泡 1 h 除去残留的氧气, 然后加热到 80°C反应 40小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩 有机半导体 p5的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 95。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天; 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P5的固体产物。 产率 61%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n = 68900, M Mn = 1.9 )。
八、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P6
Figure imgf000016_0001
在氮气保护下, 将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二 辛基-喹屋啉( 0.13 g, 0. 05mmol), 2,7-二溴 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻 吩( 0.26 g, 0.45 mmol ), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯(25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留的 氧气。然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓泡 1 h 除去残留的氧气, 然后加热到 70°C反应 65小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P6的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 80。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天; 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P6的固体产物。 产率 41%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n = 87500, M Mn = 1.9 )。
九、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P7
Figure imgf000017_0001
在氮气保护下,将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基 -2-噻吩基) -喹喔啉 ( 0.51 g, 0. 5 mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的氯苯(25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓泡 l h 除去残留的氧气, 然后加热到 110°C反应 40小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P7的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解, 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 80。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P7的固体产物。 产率 46%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n =79500, M Mn = 2.1 )。
实施例 2
本实施例公布一类结构如下的苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料。 结构式如 下:
Figure imgf000017_0002
式中, x+y =2; 1 <lx<2, 0< y<l ; Kn <100; Rj , R2为 C广 C2。的烷基; R 选自 C广 C2Q的烷基; 、 R5为 C广 C2Q的烷基取代的苯基。
上述有机半导体的制备过程如下: 8-二 -(5-溴—2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二苯基-喹喔啉
Figure imgf000018_0001
以 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正二十烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二苯基 -喹喔啉的制备为例 予以说明。 制备过程如下所述:
Figure imgf000018_0002
在氮气氛围下, 将 NBS(0.6 g, 3.3 mmol)加入到含有 5,8-二 (4-正十二烷 基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二辛基 -喹喔啉( 1.2 g, 1.53 mmol )的四氢呋喃( THF 50 mL ) 溶液中, 室温搅拌过夜。 将反应液旋干的粗产物。 柱层析得产品 1. 05 g, 产率 73%。 MS (MALDI) m/z: 941 (^);
其中, 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩的制备, 2,7-二溴 -苯唑 [2,1 -b :3 ,4-b']二噻吩的制备参照实施例一。
以下是本实施例二中, 苯唑二噻喻有机半导体材料( Ρ8 , Ρ9 , Ρ10 ) 的制备过程, 其中, R2、 R3为 0<:20的烷基; R4、 R5为 d C^烷基 取代的苯基
二、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P8
Figure imgf000018_0003
X=1 ,y=1 ; 在氮气保护下, 将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3- 二苯基 -喹喔啉( 0.47 g, 0. 5 mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的曱苯( 25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0.014 g, 0.015 mmol ) 和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓泡 1 h 除去残留 的氧气, 然后加热到 100°C反应 72小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解,加入到二乙基二硫代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热到 80。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有 机溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天, 曱醇沉降, 抽 滤。 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P8的固体产物。 产率 58%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n =54500, M Mn = 2.1 )。
三、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P9
Figure imgf000019_0001
在氮气保护下, 将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2- ( 4-曱基苯基 ) -3- ( 4-正二十烷基苯基 ) -喹喔啉( 0.62 g, 0. 5 mmol), 2,7-双 三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的曱苯 ( 25 mL )溶液,通入氮气,鼓泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0. 014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓 泡 1 h 除去残留的氧气, 然后加热到 80°C反应 68小时,得到苯唑二噻吩有 机半导体 p9的反应物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯苯 溶解 , 加入到二乙基二石克代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中。 然后将混合液加热到
80。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有机 溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天; 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P9的固体产物。 产率 37%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): n =48500, M Mn = 1.7 )。
四、 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P10
Figure imgf000020_0001
在氮气保护下, 将含有化合物 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-正十二烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二 (4-辛基苯基) -喹喔啉( 0.58 g,.0.5 mmol), 2,7-双三曱基锡 -4,5-二辛基苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol)的曱苯( 25 mL )溶液, 通入氮气, 鼓 泡 0.5 h 除去残留的氧气。 然后加入 Pd2(dba)3 ( 0. 014 g, 0.015 mmol )和 P(o-Tol)3 ( 0.0083 g, 0.027 mmol )。 继续通入氮气, 鼓泡 1 h 除去残留的氧 气, 然后加热到 90°C反应 70小时, 得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P1()的反应 物混合液。
将混合液滴加到曱醇中进行沉降, 抽滤, 曱醇洗涤, 干燥; 然后用氯 苯溶解, 加入到二乙基二硫代氨基曱酸钠的水溶液中; 然后将混合液加热 到 80。C搅拌过夜; 将有机相通过氧化铝的柱层析, 氯仿淋洗; 减压除去有 机溶剂, 曱醇沉降, 抽滤, 所得固体用丙酮索氏提取三天; 曱醇沉降, 抽 滤,真空泵下抽过夜得到苯唑二噻吩有机半导体 P1Q的固体产物。产率 58%。 Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn =31500, MJMn = 1.9 )。
Figure imgf000021_0001
(式中, x+y =2; 1 <x<2, 0< y <l ; 1<η≤100; R2为相同或不相同的 C广 C20 的烷基; R3选自 C广 C2。的烷基; 、 R5为相同或不相同的氢、 苯、 CH^o 的烷基或 C广 C2。的烷氧基取代的苯基) 的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料 在聚合物太阳能电池, 有机电致发光器件, 有机场效应晶体管, 有机光存 储, 有机非线性器件和有机激光器件等领域中的应用。
以下实施例是一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料在有机太阳能电池,有机 场效应晶体管, 有机电致发光器件中的应用。
实施例 3
一种聚合物太阳能电池器件, 其结构如图 1所示。 其中, 本实施例中的 衬底釆用 ITO玻璃, 玻璃作为衬底基材, ITO作为导电层。
该聚合物太阳能电池器件的结构为:玻璃 11/ITO层 12/PEDOT:PSS 层 13/活性层 14 /A1层 15; 其中, 活性层的材质为本发明的一类苯唑二噻吩有 机半导体材料; ITO是方块电阻为 10-20 Ω/口的氧化铟锡, PEDOT为聚( 3,4- 亚乙二氧基噻吩), PSS为聚(苯乙烯磺酸);优选方块电阻为 10 Ω/口的 ITO, 厚度约为 50-300 nm。
该聚合物太阳能电池器件得制备过程为:
在玻璃基片 11的一个表面沉积一层方块电阻为 10-20 Ω/口的氧化铟锡 ( ITO ) 12, 形成作为阳极的导电层, 厚度约为 50-300 nm;
ITO玻璃经过超声波清洗, 并用氧 -Plasma处理后, 在 ITO表面涂上一 层起修饰作用的 PEDOT:PSS层 13 , 厚度约为 20-300 nm;
在所述聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩): PSS为聚(苯乙烯磺酸)层 13上釆 用旋涂技术涂覆一层活性层 14,厚度约为 50-300 nm; 该活性层的材质为本 发明的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料;
在所述活性层的表面真空蒸镀金属铝, 形成作为阴极的金属铝层 15 , 得到所述有机太阳能电池器件;
将聚合物太阳能电池器件用环氧树脂封装后, 置于 120°C 密闭条件下 退火 2 小时, 再降到室温。 由于器件经过退火后, 材料的化学结构更加规 整有序, 提高了载流子的传输速度和效率, 从而提高了器件的光电转换效 率。
优选 ITO、 PEDOT:PSS、 活性层、 A1层的厚度分别为 110 nm、 60 nm、 110 nm、 100 nm。
实施例 4
一种有机电致发光器件, 其结构如图 2 所示; 本实施例中的衬底釆用 ITO玻璃, 玻璃作为衬底基材, ITO作为导电层。
该有机电致发光器件的结构为:玻璃 21/ITO层 22 /发光层 23/LiF緩冲 层 24 /A1层 25; 其中: 发光层以本发明的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料 为材质。
该有机电致发光器件的制备过程为:
在玻璃基片 21的一个表面沉积一层方块电阻为 10-20 Ω/口的氧化铟锡 ( ITO )层 22 , 形成作为阳极的导电层, 厚度为 50-300 nm; 优选方块电阻 为 10 Ω/口的 ITO。
通过旋涂技术在 ΙΤΟ表面制备一层以本发明的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半 导体材料为材质的发光层 23 , 厚度约为 50-300 nm;
在发光层上真空蒸镀 LiF , 作为緩冲层 24 , 厚度约为 0.3-2 nm;
在所述发光层上真空蒸镀金属铝, 形成作为阴极的金属铝层 25 , 得到 所述有机电致发光器件。
实施例 5
一种有机场效应晶体管, 其结构如图 3 所示; 本实施例中的衬底釆用 掺杂硅片 (Si)作为衬底。
该有机场效应晶体管的结构为: Si31 /450nm厚的 Si02绝缘层 32/用于 修饰 Si02的十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)层 33/有机半导体层 34/以金为材质 的源电极(S) 35和漏电极(D) 36; 其中, 有机半导体层以本发明的一类 苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料为材质; 其中, 源电极(S)和漏电极(D)材 质也可以选用铜材。
该有机场效应晶体管得制备过程为:
首先, 在清洗过后的掺杂硅片 31 的一个表面上涂覆一层 Si02绝缘层 32; 其次, 在所述 Si02绝缘层上涂覆一层起修饰作用的十八烷基三氯硅烷 层 33, 厚度为 10-200 nm; 接着, 在所述十八烷基三氯硅烷层上旋涂一层以 本发明的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料为材质的有机半导体层 34, 厚度 约为 30-300 nm; 最后, 在所述有机半导体层上间隔设置有以金为材质的源 电极(S) 35和漏电极 (D) 36, 得到所述有机场效应晶体管。
应当理解的是, 上述针对本发明较佳实施例的表述较为详细, 并不能 因此而认为是对本发明专利保护范围的限制, 本发明的专利保护范围应以 所附权利要求为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一类 唑二噻吩有机半导体材料, 具有以下结构式(P):
Figure imgf000024_0001
式中, x+y=2; 1 <x<2, 0<y<l; Kn<100; Rj, R2为 C广 C2。的烷基; R3选自 C广 C2Q的烷基; 、 R5为氢、 苯、 C广 C2Q的烷基或 C广 C2Q的烷氧基 取代的苯基。
2、 一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括 如下步骤:
无氧环境中, 在第一催化剂和第一有机溶剂存在条件下, 将结构式为
2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩、结构式为
二溴 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩以及结构式为
Figure imgf000024_0002
的 -二 -(5-溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代 -喹喔啉进行
Stille偶合反应,得到含结构
Figure imgf000024_0003
的所述苯 唑二噻吩有机半导体材料的反应物混合液; 其中, x+y=2; 1 <x<2, 0<y<l; Kn <100; Ri ,R2为 CrC^的烷基; R3选自 CrC^的烷基; 、 R5为氢、 苯、 C^CZQ的烷基或 C^CZQ的烷氧基取代的苯基。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 5,8-二 -(5- 溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉是釆用如下步骤制得的:
将 3,6-二溴-邻苯二胺和烷基乙二酮混合反应, 制得 5,8-二溴 -2,3-二取 代-喹喔啉;
无氧环境中, 将所述 5,8-二溴 -2,3-二取代-喹喔啉、 3-烷基 -2-硼酸噻吩 以及无水碳酸钠加入到含第二催化剂的第二有机溶剂中, 反应制得 5,8-二 -(4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉; 其中, 所述第二催化剂为有机钯或 有机钯与有机碑配体的混合物; 所述第二有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 二 氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷或乙酸乙酯中的至少一种;
无氧环境中,将 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、所述 5,8-二 -(4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3- 二取代-喹喔啉加入到硫酸与三氟乙酸的混合溶剂中 10°C ~ 30 °C下反应 12 - 48小时, 得到 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -4-烷基 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代-喹喔啉。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 2,7-双三曱 基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩是釆用如下步骤制得的:
在 -78°C ~ -25 °C下, 将 4,5-二烷基 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩、 丁基锂滴 加到第三有机溶剂中混合, 然后向混合液中加入三曱基氯化锡, 制得所述 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩; 其中, 第三有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷或乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。
5、 根据权利要求 2 所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 2,7-二溴- 苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩是釆用如下步骤制得的:
无氧环境中, 将 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、 4,5-二烷基 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻 吩加入到硫酸与三氟乙酸的混合溶剂中于 10°C ~ 30°C下反应 12 - 48小时, 得到所述 4,4-二烷基 -2,6-二溴-环戊二烯 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述第一催化剂 的添加量为总物质摩尔量的 0.01%~30%; 所述第一催化剂为有机钯或有机 钯与有机膦配体的混合物;
所述有机钯为 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2中的至少一种; 所述有机膦配体为 P(o-Tol)3
其中, 所述有机钯和有机膦配体的混合物中, 有机钯与有机膦配体的摩 尔比为 1 : 1~20。
7、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述第一有机溶 剂为四氢呋喃、 乙二醇二曱醚、 苯、 氯苯或曱苯中的至少一种。
8、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 Stille偶合 反应中, 所述 2,7-双三曱基锡 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b,]二噻吩, 2,7-二溴 -苯唑 [2,l-b:3,4-b']二噻吩, 5,8-二 -(5-溴 -2-噻吩基 )-2,3-二取代 -喹喔啉的摩尔比为 m:p:q, 且 m=p+q, m, , q为正实数;所述 Stille偶合反应温度为 60〜: 132°C、 反应时间为 24~72小时。
9、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 Stille偶合 反应结束后, 还包括对所述反应物混合液进行纯化处理步骤:
将含反应物混合液滴加到曱醇中, 进行沉降处理, 然后抽滤, 曱醇洗 涤, 干燥, 得含杂有机半导体材料胶体; 随后用曱苯溶解, 得有机半导体 材料的曱苯溶液;
将上述有机半导体材料的曱苯溶液加入到二乙基二硫代氨基曱酸钠的 水溶液中, 80-100°C加热搅拌混合液, 将混合液通过氧化铝的柱层析, 分离 出有机半导体材料, 然后氯苯淋洗, 随后减压除去氯苯有机溶剂, 最后用 丙酮索氏提取有机半导体材料, 得到所述有机半导体材料固体。
一种如权利要求 1 所述的一类苯唑二噻吩有机半导体材料在聚合物太 阳能电池, 有机电致发光器件, 有机场效应晶体管, 有机光存储, 有机非 线性器件和有机激光器件等领域中的应用。
3
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CN104769003B (zh) * 2012-11-30 2016-10-12 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 含吡啶并[2,1,3]噻二唑单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用
CN104769002B (zh) * 2012-11-30 2016-10-12 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 含噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用
WO2014086722A1 (en) 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 Basf Se Functionnalized benzodithiophene polymers for electronic application
US9550791B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2017-01-24 Basf Se Functionnalized benzodithiophene polymers for electronic application

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