WO2012029979A1 - 冶金用コークスの製造方法 - Google Patents
冶金用コークスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012029979A1 WO2012029979A1 PCT/JP2011/070304 JP2011070304W WO2012029979A1 WO 2012029979 A1 WO2012029979 A1 WO 2012029979A1 JP 2011070304 W JP2011070304 W JP 2011070304W WO 2012029979 A1 WO2012029979 A1 WO 2012029979A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
- C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
Definitions
- the present invention uses a test method for accurately evaluating the softening and melting characteristics during coal dry distillation, a method for producing metallurgical coke that can reduce the amount of high-grade coal used while maintaining coke strength, or the same composition.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing metallurgical coke from which high strength coke can be obtained from charcoal.
- Coke used in the blast furnace method which is most commonly used as a steelmaking method, plays the role of iron ore reducing material, heat source, spacer, and the like. In order to operate the blast furnace stably and efficiently, it is important to maintain the air permeability in the blast furnace, and therefore production of coke having high strength is required. Coke is produced by dry-distilling blended coal in which various types of coal for coke production, which are pulverized and adjusted in particle size, are blended in a coke oven.
- Coal-producing coal softens and melts in the temperature range of about 300 ° C to 550 ° C during dry distillation, and at the same time, foams and expands as volatiles are generated, so that the particles adhere to each other, creating a massive semi-coke and Become.
- Semi-coke is burned by shrinkage in the process of raising the temperature to around 1000 ° C., and becomes robust coke. Therefore, the adhesion characteristics during softening and melting of coal greatly affect properties such as coke strength and particle size after dry distillation.
- a method of producing coke by adding a caking agent that exhibits high fluidity in the temperature range where coal softens and melts to the blended coal is generally used.
- the binder is specifically tar pitch, petroleum pitch, solvent refined coal, solvent extracted coal, and the like.
- the softening and melting characteristics of coal are extremely important because they greatly influence the coke properties and coke cake structure after dry distillation, and the measurement methods have been actively studied for a long time.
- coke strength which is an important quality of coke, is greatly affected by the properties of coal as the raw material, particularly the degree of coalification and softening and melting characteristics.
- the softening and melting property is a property of softening and melting when coal is heated, and is usually measured and evaluated by the fluidity, viscosity, adhesiveness, expandability, etc. of the softened melt.
- a general method for measuring the fluidity at the time of softening and melting includes a coal fluidity test method based on the Gisela plastometer method specified in JIS M8801.
- Gisela plastometer method coal pulverized to 425 ⁇ m or less is put in a predetermined crucible, heated at a specified temperature increase rate, and the rotation speed of a stirring bar to which a specified torque is applied is read with a scale plate, and ddpm (dial division) per minute).
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of measuring torque while rotating a rotor at a constant rotational speed.
- Dynamic viscoelasticity measurement is the measurement of viscoelastic behavior seen when a force is applied periodically to a viscoelastic body.
- the method described in Patent Document 2 is characterized in that the viscosity of the softened molten coal is evaluated by the complex viscosity in the parameters obtained by the measurement, and the viscosity of the softened molten coal at an arbitrary shear rate can be measured. .
- a dilatometer method As a general method for measuring the expansibility during softening and melting of coal, there is a dilatometer method defined in JIS M8801.
- coal pulverized to 250 ⁇ m or less is molded by a specified method, placed in a predetermined crucible, heated at a specified rate of temperature rise, and a detection rod placed on the top of the coal is used to measure changes in coal displacement over time. It is a method to measure.
- blended coal that is a mixture of several brands of coal at a specified ratio.
- the softening and melting characteristics cannot be evaluated correctly, the required coke strength is satisfied.
- low-strength coke that does not satisfy the specified strength is used in a vertical furnace such as a blast furnace, the amount of powder generated in the vertical furnace is increased, resulting in an increase in pressure loss and the operation of the vertical furnace. May cause troubles such as so-called blow-through, in which the gas flow is locally concentrated.
- the coke strength is controlled to a certain value or higher by setting the target coke strength higher in advance in consideration of the variation in coke strength resulting from inaccuracy of the evaluation of softening and melting characteristics. Has been done.
- this method it is necessary to use a relatively expensive coal having excellent softening and melting characteristics, which is generally known, and to set the average quality of the blended coal to be higher, so that the cost is reduced. Incurs an increase.
- the coal at the time of softening and melting is softened and melted while being constrained by adjacent layers. Since the thermal conductivity of coal is small, the coal is not uniformly heated in the coke oven, and the state differs from the coke layer, the softened molten layer, and the coal layer from the furnace wall side that is the heating surface. Since the coke oven itself expands somewhat during dry distillation but hardly deforms, the softened and melted coal is constrained by the adjacent coke layer and coal layer.
- the crack generated in the coke layer is considered to have a width of about several hundred microns to several millimeters, and is larger than the voids and pores between coal particles having a size of about several tens to several hundreds of microns. Therefore, it is considered that coarse defects generated in such a coke layer are not only caused by pyrolysis gas and liquid substances, which are by-products generated from coal, but also permeate softened and melted coal itself. Further, it is expected that the shear rate acting on the softened and melted coal at the time of infiltration varies from brand to brand.
- the inventors need to use the coal softening and melting characteristics measured under conditions simulating the environment in which the coal is placed in the coke oven as an index. I thought. In particular, it was important to measure under conditions where softened and melted coal was constrained, and under conditions simulating the movement and penetration of the melt into the surrounding defect structure.
- the conventional measuring method has the following problems.
- the Giselaer plastometer method is problematic in that it does not take into account any restraint or infiltration conditions for measurement in a state where coal is filled in a container. Moreover, this method is not suitable for the measurement of coal showing high fluidity. The reason is that, when measuring coal showing high fluidity, a phenomenon that the inner wall of the container becomes hollow (Weissenberg effect) occurs, the stirrer may idle, and the fluidity may not be evaluated correctly ( For example, refer nonpatent literature 1.).
- the method of measuring torque by the constant rotation method is deficient in that it does not consider the constraint condition and the penetration condition.
- the measurement under a constant shear rate it is impossible to correctly compare and evaluate the softening and melting characteristics of coal as described above.
- the dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device is a device that can measure viscosity under an arbitrary shear rate with viscosity as a softening and melting characteristic. Therefore, if the shear rate at the time of measurement is set to a value that acts on the coal in the coke oven, the viscosity of the softened molten coal in the coke oven can be measured. However, it is usually difficult to measure or estimate the shear rate in each coke oven in advance.
- the method of measuring the adhesion to coal using activated carbon or glass beads as the softening and melting characteristics of coal tries to reproduce the infiltration conditions for the presence of coal layer, but does not simulate the coke layer and coarse defects There is a problem in terms. Moreover, the point which is not a measurement under restraint is also insufficient.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for measuring the expansibility of coal in consideration of the movement of gas and liquid substances generated from coal by arranging a material having a through path on the coal bed.
- the conditions for evaluating the infiltration phenomenon in the coke oven are not clear.
- the relationship between the infiltration phenomenon of the coal melt and the softening and melting behavior is not clear, and there is no suggestion about the relationship between the infiltration phenomenon of the coal melt and the quality of the coke to be produced. It does not describe the production of coke.
- the present invention accurately evaluates the softening and melting characteristics of the coal used in the blended coal by measuring the softening and melting characteristics of the coal while simulating the surrounding environment of the softened and melted coal in the coke oven, After clarifying the effect of coal on coke strength, coal that adversely affects coke strength is modified to have favorable softening and melting characteristics, and quality such as strength is excellent using the modified coal. It is an object to provide a method for producing metallurgical coke.
- a method for producing coke by dry-distilling a blended coal comprising two or more types of coal or a blended coal obtained by blending a binder with two or more types of coal, Filling a container with each coal and caking additive constituting the blended coal as a sample, placing a material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces on the sample, heating the sample, and penetrating into the through hole Measure the permeation distance of the sample and the maximum fluidity (log MF) by the Gieseler plastometer method, Select coal whose permeation distance and maximum fluidity fall within the prescribed management range (A), A part or all of the selected coal is weathered in an oxidizing atmosphere at room temperature or by heat treatment so that the penetration distance and maximum fluidity of the coal after weathering are within a predetermined control range (B), Blended coal, A method for producing metallurgical coke, characterized in that: [2] The metallurgical coke manufacturing method according to [1], where
- the control range (A) of the permeation distance is a range more than twice the weighted average permeation distance calculated from the permeation distance and the blending rate of coal or caking material having a log MF of less than 3.2. decide.
- the control range (A) of the penetration distance pulverizes coal or a binder sample so that a particle size of 2 mm or less is 100 mass%, and the pulverized sample is packed at a packing density of 0.8 g / cm 3 .
- the weathering is performed such that the coal penetration distance and the maximum fluidity after weathering are within the control range (B) defined by the following formula (5), [1] to [5]
- the manufacturing method of the coke for metallurgical products in any one.
- Penetration distance ⁇ 1.3 ⁇ a ⁇ logMF (5)
- “a” measures at least one permeation distance and log MF of coal and binder in the range of log MF ⁇ 2.5 among each coal and binder constituting the coal blend, It is a constant in the range of 0.7 to 1.0 times the log MF coefficient when a regression line passing through the origin is created using the measured value.
- b is a constant that is not less than the average value of the standard deviation when measuring one or more types of the same sample selected from the brands used for creating the regression line, and not more than 5 times the average value.
- the brand of coal or caking additive contained in the blended coal used for coke production and the blending ratio of coal or caking additive of each brand are determined in advance, The weighted average calculated by measuring the penetration distance and log MF of each brand of coal or binder, and calculating from the penetration distance and blending ratio of each brand of coal or binder with a log MF of less than 3.2. Calculate the penetration distance, Any one of [1] to [5], wherein the weathered coal is infiltrated so that a permeation distance of the coal is within a control range (B) that is less than twice the weighted average permeation distance.
- the coal penetration distance after weathering is such that the coal sample is pulverized so that the particle size of 2 mm or less is 100 mass%, and the pulverized sample has a packing density of 0.8 g / cm 3 and a layer thickness of 10 mm.
- the sample is filled in a container, and a glass bead with a diameter of 2 mm is placed on the sample with a layer thickness equal to or greater than the permeation distance, while a load is applied from the top of the glass bead to a pressure of 50 kPa, Weathering to be within the control range (B) of less than 15 mm in the measured value when heated in an inert gas atmosphere from room temperature to 550 ° C.
- a predetermined sieve mesh for classifying coal and caking additive used for coke production is selected from a range of 1 mm to 6 mm.
- the measurement of the penetration distance includes heating the sample at a predetermined heating rate while applying a constant load from above the material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces.
- the measurement of the penetration distance includes heating the sample at a predetermined heating rate while maintaining the sample and the material having through holes in the upper and lower surfaces at a constant volume. ] The manufacturing method of the metallurgical coke in any one of.
- the defect structure existing around the coal softening and melting layer in the coke oven particularly the coke layer adjacent to the softening and melting layer, which is considered to have a great influence on the coal softening and melting characteristics in the coke oven. It is possible to evaluate the softening and melting characteristics of coal or binder in the state of simulating the effect of existing cracks and appropriately reproducing the restraint conditions around the softened melt in the coke oven. As a result, it is possible to predict the generation of defects derived from coal or caking material exhibiting excessive fluidity, which could not be detected by conventional methods for evaluating softening and melting properties, and to adversely affect coke quality.
- the binding material can be specified. Since coal having undesirable softening and melting characteristics can be modified by weathering so as to have softening and melting characteristics preferable for coke production, there is an effect that reduction of coke strength is reduced and improvement of coke strength is realized.
- Penetration distance and maximum fluidity of weathered F coal produced in Example 1 and range of penetration distance and maximum fluidity corresponding to (g) (weighted average penetration of base blend coal consisting of coal with log MF less than 3.2) It is a graph which shows the positional relationship with the distance below the straight line of the penetration distance 13mm which is twice the distance 6.5mm.
- the present inventors have made it possible to measure the softening and melting characteristics while simulating the surrounding environment of the softened and melted coal in the coke oven, and eagerly researched the relationship between the measured softening and melting characteristics “penetration distance” and coke strength.
- the following findings were obtained.
- ⁇ There is a difference in softening and melting characteristics according to the method of the present invention measured in a state simulating the environment around the softened and melted coal even if there is little difference in the softening and melting characteristics reported so far.
- coke is produced by blending coal having a difference in softening and melting characteristics measured by the method of the present invention, the coke strengths thereof are also different. Based on the above findings, the present inventors have found a method for modifying coal that has an adverse effect on coke strength to have favorable softening and melting characteristics, and have reached the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a measuring device for softening and melting characteristics (penetration distance) used in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for heating a coal sample by applying a constant load to the coal sample and a material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces.
- the lower part of the container 3 is filled with coal to form a sample 1, and a material 2 having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces is arranged on the sample 1.
- the sample 1 is heated to the softening and melting start temperature or more, the sample is infiltrated into the material 2 having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces, and the permeation distance is measured. Heating is performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas refers to a gas that does not react with coal in the measurement temperature range
- representative gases include argon gas, helium gas, nitrogen gas, and the like.
- the penetration distance may be measured by heating the material having coal and the through-holes while maintaining a constant volume.
- An example of a measuring device for softening and melting characteristics (penetration distance) used in that case is shown in FIG.
- an expansion coefficient detecting rod 13 is arranged on the upper surface of a material 2 having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces, a weight 14 for applying a load is placed on the upper end of the expansion coefficient detecting rod 13, and a displacement meter 15 is placed thereon. And measure the expansion rate.
- a displacement meter 15 that can measure the expansion range ( ⁇ 100% to 300%) of the expansion coefficient of the sample may be used. Since it is necessary to maintain the inside of the heating system in an inert gas atmosphere, a non-contact type displacement meter is suitable, and it is desirable to use an optical displacement meter.
- the inert gas atmosphere is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the expansion coefficient detecting rod 13 may be buried in the particle packed layer, and therefore the material 2 having the through holes on the upper and lower surfaces and the expansion coefficient detecting rod 13. It is desirable to take measures to sandwich the board between the two.
- the load to be applied is preferably uniformly applied to the upper surface of the material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces arranged on the upper surface of the sample, and 5 to 80 kPa with respect to the area of the upper surface of the material having the through holes on the upper and lower surfaces, It is desirable to apply a pressure of preferably 15 to 55 kPa, most preferably 25 to 50 kPa.
- This pressure is preferably set based on the expansion pressure of the softened and molten layer in the coke oven, but as a result of examining the reproducibility of the measurement results and the ability to detect the difference in brands in various coals, It has been found that a slightly higher value of about 25 to 50 kPa is most preferable as a measurement condition.
- a heating means that can be heated at a predetermined rate of temperature while measuring the temperature of the sample.
- a heating means that can be heated at a predetermined rate of temperature while measuring the temperature of the sample.
- an electric furnace an external heating type that combines a conductive container and high frequency induction, or an internal heating type such as a microwave.
- the internal heating method it is necessary to devise a method for making the temperature in the sample uniform, and for example, it is preferable to take measures to increase the heat insulation of the container.
- the heating rate needs to match the heating rate of the coal in the coke oven for the purpose of simulating the softening and melting behavior of the coal and caking material in the coke oven.
- the heating rate of coal in the softening and melting temperature range in the coke oven varies depending on the position in the furnace and operating conditions, it should be approximately 2 to 10 ° C / min, and the average heating rate should be 2 to 4 ° C / min. The most desirable is about 3 ° C./min.
- the permeation distance and expansion are small at 3 ° C./min, which may make detection difficult.
- a predetermined heating rate in the range of 0 ° C (room temperature) to 550 ° C, preferably in the range of 300 to 550 ° C, which is the softening and melting temperature of coal. You can heat with.
- the material having the through holes on the upper and lower surfaces can measure or calculate the transmission coefficient in advance.
- Examples of the form of the material include an integrated material having a through hole and a particle packed layer.
- Examples of the integrated material having a through hole include a material having a circular through hole 16 as shown in FIG. 2, a material having a rectangular through hole, and a material having an indeterminate shape.
- the particle packed layer is roughly divided into a spherical particle packed layer and a non-spherical particle packed layer.
- the spherical particle packed layer is composed of beads packed particles 17 as shown in FIG. 3, and the non-spherical particle packed layer is not suitable. Examples thereof include regular particles and those made of filled cylinders 18 as shown in FIG.
- the transmission coefficient in the material is as uniform as possible and that the calculation of the transmission coefficient is easy in order to simplify the measurement. Therefore, the use of a spherical particle packed bed is particularly desirable for the material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces used in the present invention.
- the material having the through holes on the upper and lower surfaces is not particularly specified as long as the shape hardly changes to the coal softening and melting temperature range, specifically up to 600 ° C., and does not react with coal. Further, the height may be high enough to allow the coal melt to permeate, and may be about 20 to 100 mm when heating a coal layer having a thickness of 5 to 20 mm.
- the transmission coefficient of the material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces needs to be set by estimating the transmission coefficient of coarse defects present in the coke layer.
- the transmission coefficient is 1 ⁇ 10 8 to 2 ⁇ 10 9 m ⁇ 2 as a result of repeated studies by the present inventors, such as consideration of coarse defect constituent factors and estimation of the size, which are particularly desirable for the present invention. Was found to be optimal.
- This transmission coefficient is derived based on the Darcy rule expressed by the following equation (7).
- ⁇ P is the pressure loss [Pa] in the material having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces
- L is the height [m] of the material having the through holes
- K is the transmission coefficient [m ⁇ 2 ]
- ⁇ is the fluid.
- u is fluid velocity [m / s].
- glass beads having a diameter of about 0.2 mm to 3.5 mm are used. It is desirable to choose, most preferably 2 mm.
- the coal and binder used as the measurement sample are pulverized in advance and filled to a predetermined layer thickness with a predetermined packing density.
- the pulverized particle size may be the particle size of the coal charged in the coke oven (the ratio of particles having a particle size of 3 mm or less is about 70 to 80% by mass), and pulverized so that the particle size of 3 mm or less is 70% by mass or more.
- the density for filling the pulverized product can be 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm 3 in accordance with the packing density in the coke oven, but as a result of studying reproducibility and detection power, 0.8 g / cm 3 is preferable. I found out.
- the layer thickness to be filled can be 5 to 20 mm based on the thickness of the softened and melted layer in the coke oven. As a result of studying reproducibility and detection power, the layer thickness should be 10 mm. I found it preferable.
- Coal or caking material is pulverized so that the particle size of 2 mm or less is 100% by mass, and the pulverized coal or caking material has a packing density of 0.8 g / cm 3 and a layer thickness of 10 mm.
- Create a sample by filling the container like (2) A glass bead having a diameter of 2 mm is arranged on the sample so as to have a layer thickness of an infiltration distance or more, (3) Heating in an inert gas atmosphere from room temperature to 550 ° C. at a heating rate of 3 ° C./min while applying a load from the top of the glass beads to 50 kPa, (4) The penetration distance of the molten sample that has penetrated into the glass bead layer is measured.
- the penetration distance of the softened melt of coal and binder can be measured continuously during heating.
- continuous measurement is difficult due to the influence of tar generated from the sample.
- the expansion and infiltration phenomenon of coal by heating is irreversible, and once expanded and infiltrated, the shape is maintained even after cooling, so after the coal melt has been infiltrated, the entire container is cooled, You may make it measure how much it penetrate
- the softened melt that has permeated the interparticle voids fixes the entire particle layer up to the permeated portion. Therefore, if the relationship between the mass and height of the particle packed bed is obtained in advance, the mass of the non-adhered particles is measured after the infiltration, and the mass of the adhering particles is derived by subtracting from the initial mass. And the penetration distance can be calculated therefrom.
- (A) A range defined by the following formula (1) and formula (2). logMF ⁇ 2.5 (1) Permeation distance ⁇ 1.3 ⁇ a ⁇ logMF (2) However, “a” measures at least one permeation distance and log MF of coal and binder in the range of log MF ⁇ 2.5 among each coal and binder constituting the coal blend, It is a constant in the range of 0.7 to 1.0 times the log MF coefficient when a regression line passing through the origin is created using the measured value.
- (B) A range defined by the following formula (3) and formula (4). logMF ⁇ 2.5 (3) Permeation distance ⁇ a ′ ⁇ log MF + b (4) However, "a '” measures the permeation distance and maximum fluidity of at least one kind of coal and caking additive in the range of logMF ⁇ 2.5 among the coal and caking additive constituting the blended coal.
- the constant is in the range of 0.7 to 1.0 times the logMF coefficient when a regression line passing through the origin is created using the measured value.
- “B” is a constant that is not less than the average value of the standard deviation when measuring one or more types of the same sample selected from the brands used to create the regression line, and not more than 5 times the average value. is there.
- the brand and blending ratio of the blended coal used for coke production can be determined in advance, calculate from the penetration distance and blending ratio of each brand of coal or log binder containing less than 3.2 log MF More than twice the weighted average penetration distance.
- the average permeation distance is preferably obtained by a weighted average considering the blending rate, but a simple average value can be substituted.
- a coal sample prepared to have a particle size of 2 mm or less and a particle size of 100 mass% is filled into a container with a packing density of 0.8 g / cm 3 to a thickness of 10 mm, and glass beads with a diameter of 2 mm are used as materials having through holes.
- the penetration distance is 15 mm or more and the log MF is 2.5 or more when measured by applying a load of 50 kPa and heating to 550 ° C. at a heating rate of 3 ° C./min.
- the value of the permeation distance is a set measurement condition, for example, a material having a load, a heating rate, and a through hole.
- the management values of (a) to (c) are changed. This is based on the finding that the decision method is effective.
- the constants a and a ′ in the formulas (2) and (4) used for determining the range of (A) and (B) are at least one penetration of coal in the range of logMF ⁇ 2.5.
- the distance and maximum fluidity are measured, and the measured values are used to determine a range of 0.7 to 1.0 times the log MF coefficient when a regression line passing through the origin is created. This is because, in the range of log MF ⁇ 2.5, there is an almost positive correlation between the maximum coal flow rate and the penetration distance. This is because the brand is biased.
- the present inventors have a brand that falls within a range of 1.3 times or more the penetration distance determined according to the log MF value of coal according to the above regression equation, which leads to a decrease in strength.
- 1 to 5 times the standard deviation when the same sample was measured multiple times was added to the above regression equation. It was found that the brand corresponding to the range above the value was a brand that caused a decrease in strength, and the range was defined by the equations (3) and (4).
- the constant b may be 1 to 5 times the standard deviation when the same sample is measured a plurality of times, and is about 0.6 to 3.0 mm under the measurement conditions described in the present invention.
- both the expressions (2) and (4) define the range of the penetration distance that causes the strength to decrease based on the log MF value of the coal. This is because, as the MF increases, the penetration distance generally increases, so how much deviation is important from the correlation.
- both the constants a and a ′ and b define the range is that by reducing these values, it is possible to more reliably detect coal that causes a decrease in strength. Can be adjusted according to operational requirements. However, if this value is too small, too much coal is estimated to have an adverse effect on coke strength, and it may be misunderstood that even if it does not cause strength reduction, it will cause strength reduction. Therefore, a and a ′ are preferably 0.7 to 1.0 times the slope of the regression line, and b is 1 to 1 of the standard deviation when the same sample is measured a plurality of times. 5 times is preferable.
- Coal or caking additive used in blended coal is usually used by measuring various grades for each brand in advance. Similarly, the penetration distance may be measured in advance for each brand lot. The average penetration distance of the blended coal is measured in advance for each brand, and the value may be averaged according to the blending ratio, or the blended coal may be measured to measure the penetration distance. . This makes it possible to select a brand having an extremely large penetration distance with respect to the average penetration distance of the blended coal.
- the blended coal used for coke production may contain oils, powdered coke, petroleum coke, resins, waste, etc. in addition to coal or caking additive.
- Coal and caking materials that fall under (i) to (d) above when used under normal pretreatment conditions as coking coal, leave coarse defects during coking and have a thin pore wall structure. This causes a reduction in coke strength. Therefore, it is convenient and effective as a means for maintaining the coke strength to take measures to limit the blending ratio of the brand and the binder.
- it is convenient and effective as a means for maintaining the coke strength to take measures to limit the blending ratio of the brand and the binder.
- coal or caking materials that fall under (i) to (d) There are many cases where it is forced to use.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the permeation distance and the rate of decrease in the maximum fluidity differ depending on the weathering conditions by conducting an experiment to weather coal by changing the above-mentioned weathering factors. As a result of repeated examinations with various weathering conditions, a suitable weathering method was found in producing weathered coal having properties corresponding to (i). The specific method will be described below.
- the atmosphere for weathering needs to be an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the oxidizing atmosphere is an atmosphere containing oxygen or containing a substance capable of dissociating and oxidizing oxygen.
- a gas atmosphere containing O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O is desirable.
- the oxidizing power can be easily adjusted with the concentration and pressure of the oxidizing gas, and the progress of the oxidation of coal and binder can be quickly stopped by replacing it with an inert gas after the treatment. Therefore, the processing time can be arbitrarily set.
- the higher the concentration of the oxidizing gas and the higher the pressure the faster the weathering proceeds.
- an oxidizing liquid atmosphere it is difficult to quickly separate from coal and caking additive after the weathering treatment, which is not preferable for controlling the degree of weathering progress.
- the cheapest, easy, and available mass atmosphere is air in the atmosphere. Therefore, when industrial mass processing is required, it is desirable to use air in the atmosphere as the oxidizing atmosphere.
- the treatment temperature at the time of weathering can be any of the range from the normal temperature at which coal weathering occurs to the temperature just before the coal shows softening and melting. Since the progress of weathering increases as the temperature increases, the processing time required to produce weathered coal having properties corresponding to (e) to (i) decreases as the processing temperature increases. As a result of investigating the influence of the treatment temperature on the weathered coal properties, the present inventors have found that the higher the treatment temperature, the faster the decrease rate of the penetration distance with respect to the decrease rate of the maximum fluidity of the weathered coal. It was. That is, it is possible to preferentially lower the permeation distance without lowering the maximum fluidity of weathered coal as much as possible at higher temperatures. Therefore, it has been found that high temperature and short time are effective as conditions for processing temperature and processing time suitable for producing weathered coal having properties corresponding to (i).
- the treatment temperature during weathering is 100 ° C. to 300 ° C. and the treatment time is 1 to 120 minutes. Most preferably, the treatment temperature during weathering is 180 ° C. to 220 ° C., and the treatment time is 1 to 30 minutes.
- coal particle size when performing weathering treatment classify part or all of the coal and caking material corresponding to (i) to (d) in advance, and weather only the particles with a predetermined mesh size or more. Is desirable. The reason for this can be explained as follows.
- coals and binders corresponding to (i) to (d) decrease the coke strength during compounding are that they leave coarse defects during coking and form a thin pore wall structure.
- the present inventors have found that even in the case of coal and caking materials corresponding to (i) to (d), in the case of fine particles, coarse defects are not formed, so that the coke strength is not lowered. ing.
- the inventors select coals that cause reduction in coke strength, weather them under appropriate weathering conditions, and blend them after modifying them to weathered coals having appropriate coking properties.
- the present inventors have found that the reduction in coke strength can be suppressed and have completed the present invention.
- the penetration distance was measured for 21 types of coal (coal A to U) and one type of caking additive (caking agent V).
- Table 1 shows the property values of the used coal and the binder.
- Ro is the maximum vitrinite average reflectance of JIS M 8816 coal
- log MF is the common logarithm of the maximum fluidity (Maximum Fluidity: MF) measured by the Gieseler plastometer method
- volatile matter (VM) volatile matter
- ash Ash
- the penetration distance was measured using the apparatus shown in FIG. Since the heating method was a high frequency induction heating type, the heating element 8 in FIG. 1 was an induction heating coil, and the material of the container 3 was graphite, which is a dielectric.
- the diameter of the container was 18 mm, the height was 37 mm, and glass beads with a diameter of 2 mm were used as materials having through holes on the upper and lower surfaces.
- the sample 1 was filled by loading 2.04 g of a coal sample pulverized to a particle size of 2 mm or less and vacuum-dried at room temperature into the container 3 and dropping a weight of 200 g from the top of the coal sample 5 times at a fall distance of 20 mm. (In this state, the sample layer thickness was 10 mm).
- glass beads having a diameter of 2 mm were placed on the packed layer of Sample 1 so as to have a thickness of 25 mm.
- a sillimanite disk having a diameter of 17 mm and a thickness of 5 mm is placed on the glass bead packed layer, a quartz rod is placed thereon as the expansion coefficient detecting rod 13, and a weight of 1.3 kg is placed on the quartz rod. placed. Thereby, the pressure applied on the sillimanite disk becomes 50 kPa. Nitrogen gas was used as the inert gas, and the mixture was heated to 550 ° C. at a heating rate of 3 ° C./min.
- the penetration distance was the filling height of the fixed bead layer.
- the relationship between the filling height and the mass of the glass bead packed bed was obtained in advance, and the glass bead filling height could be derived from the mass of the beads to which the softened and melted coal was fixed.
- the result was equation (8), and the penetration distance was derived from equation (8).
- L (GM) ⁇ H (8)
- L is the penetration distance [mm]
- G is the mass of the filled glass beads [g]
- M is the mass of the beads not fixed to the softened melt [g]
- H is the glass beads filled in this experimental apparatus. It represents the height of the packed bed per gram [mm / g].
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the measurement results of the penetration distance and the logarithmic value (log MF) of the maximum fluidity (Maximum Fluidity: MF).
- log MF logarithmic value of the maximum fluidity
- coals corresponding to (i) to (d) above various coals corresponding to (b) to (d) A coal blend was prepared by blending 10% by weight of what was weathered under the conditions, and the coke strength after dry distillation was measured.
- Table 2 shows the penetration distance and maximum fluidity of the coal that constitutes the base blend coal.
- the weighted average property value of the base coal blend is also shown.
- the F coal meets both the above conditions (c) and (d). To do.
- Table 4 shows the weighted average property values of blended coal prepared by adding 10 mass% of weathered coal described in Table 3 to the base blended coal described in Table 2.
- the particle size of the blended coal shown in Table 4 was pulverized to be less than 3 mm and 100 mass%, and the water content of the entire blended coal was adjusted to be 8 mass%. 16 kg of this blended charcoal was filled in a dry distillation can so that the bulk density was 750 kg / m 3, and 10 kg of weight was placed on the can, and after carbonization in an electric furnace with a furnace wall temperature of 1050 ° C. for 6 hours, And then cooled with nitrogen to obtain coke.
- the coke strength of the obtained coke was measured based on the rotational strength test method of JIS K 2151 by measuring the mass ratio of coke with a particle size of 15 mm or more after 15 rpm and 150 revolutions, and the mass ratio with the pre-rotation drum strength DI150 / Calculated as 15.
- the strength after CO 2 hot reaction (based on ISO18894 method) and micro strength (MSI + 65) were also measured.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the penetration distance of F charcoal and the drum strength. It was confirmed that the strength of the blended coal changed when the penetration distance of the F coal corresponding to the above (i) to (d) was changed variously. Therefore, it was confirmed that the value of the penetration distance measured in the present invention is a factor affecting the strength and cannot be explained by the conventional factor.
- the coke strength at the time of blending also decreases uniformly with the progress of weathering, since the meltability of coal decreases.
- the blended coal blended with the weathered F coal 1, weathered F coal 2, weathered F coal 6, weathered F coal 6 or weathered F coal 8 that correspond to the above (i) to (d) 2 the blended coal 3, the blended coal 7 or the blended coal 9 has improved coke strength after dry distillation than the blended coal 1 blended with raw coal.
- Weathered F charcoal 3 and weathered F charcoal 4 blended with weathered F charcoal 4 and blended coal 5 have almost the same coke strength after dry distillation as blended coal 1 blended with raw coal.
- blended the weathered F coal 5 completely weathered has the coke strength after dry distillation remarkably falling compared with the combination coal 1 which mix
- Such a result has been described in the present invention in the weathering phenomenon, as it has been said conventionally, the effect of reducing the coal meltability (log MF) and accordingly reducing the coke strength. It is considered that this is because there are two effects of reducing the permeation distance and improving the coke strength accordingly.
- FIG. 17 shows changes in the penetration distance and maximum fluidity of weathered F charcoal produced by changing the treatment temperature. From FIG. 17, it was confirmed that the weathering at 200 ° C. compared to the case where it was weathered at 150 ° C. had a large decrease in the permeation distance with respect to the decrease in the maximum fluidity, resulting in a desirable property change.
- Table 5 shows the weighted average property values of the base coal blend.
- the base blended coal is made of coal with log MF ⁇ 3.2, the weighted average penetration distance is 9.0 mm, and the penetration distance of U coal is 46.5 mm. ) And (d) both of the conditions are met.
- the weathered U charcoal 1 was produced by leaving it in a heating furnace in an air atmosphere adjusted to 200 ° C. for 30 minutes without classifying U charcoal. In addition, U charcoal is classified by passing through a 1 mm sieve, and only U charcoal having a particle size of 1 mm or more on the sieve is weathered under the same conditions and has a particle size of less than 1 mm that was not subjected to weathering. Weathered U charcoal 2 was prepared by mixing well with U charcoal. Table 6 shows weathering conditions, log MF, and permeation distance values of U coal and its weathered coal. Weathered U charcoal 1 and weathered U charcoal 2 differ in the degree of weathering, and weathered U charcoal 1 that has been weathered in its entirety is reduced in both penetration distance and maximum fluidity compared to weathered U charcoal. confirmed.
- Table 7 shows the weighted average property values of the blended coal prepared by adding 10 mass% of U coal or weathered U coal to the base blended coal described in Table 5. Coke was produced by dry distillation of the blended coal shown in Table 7 in the same manner as in Example 1, and the drum strength DI150 / 15 was measured based on the rotational strength test method of JIS K 2151.
- the drum strength measurement results are also shown in Table 7.
- the blended coal 11 blended with the U coals corresponding to the above (i) to (d) has a lower coke strength than the blended coal 10 which is the base blended coal.
- blended the weathered U coal 1 and the weathered U coal 2 have the coke strength after dry distillation improving rather than the combination coal 11 which mix
- the blended coal 12 and the blended coal 13 are compared, the blended coal 13 blended with the weathered coal U coal 2 weathered only with coarse particles has higher coke strength after dry distillation. This is because only the coarse-grained portion of U char that causes strength reduction was weathered, so that the properties of U char were effectively improved without creating fine particles that caused poor adhesion due to preferential weathering. It is guessed that.
- the permeation distance measured in the present invention it is possible to determine a brand whose coking property is improved by weathering. Since the weathering reaction can occur spontaneously, it is possible to improve the coking property without incurring extra cost by naturally weathering such brands. Moreover, when improving the coking property of coal by weathering from the above, it is possible to prescribe
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Abstract
Description
[1]2種以上の石炭からなる配合炭もしくは2種以上の石炭に粘結材を配合してなる配合炭を乾留し、コークスを製造する方法であって、
前記配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材を試料として容器に充填し、前記試料の上に上下面に貫通孔を有する材料を配置し、前記試料を加熱し、前記貫通孔へ浸透した前記試料の浸透距離とギーセラープラストメータ法による最高流動度(logMF)とを測定し、
前記浸透距離及び最高流動度が所定の管理範囲(A)に該当する石炭を選定し、
選定された石炭の一部または全部を、酸化雰囲気下、常温又は加熱処理によって風化させ、風化後の石炭の浸透距離及び最高流動度が所定の管理範囲(B)内になるようにし、前記風化した石炭を配合する、
ことを特徴とする、冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[2]前記浸透距離及び最高流動度の管理範囲(A)が、下記式(1)かつ式(2)を満足することを特徴とする、[1]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
logMF≧2.5 (1)
浸透距離≧1.3×a×logMF (2)
但し、“a”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
[3]前記浸透距離及び最高流動度の管理範囲(A)が、下記式(3)かつ式(4)を満足することを特徴とする、[1]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
logMF≧2.5 (3)
浸透距離≧a’×logMF+b (4)
但し、“a’”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
“b”は、前記回帰直線の作成に用いた銘柄から選ばれる1種類以上の同一試料を複数回測定した際の標準偏差の平均値以上で、前記平均値の5倍以下とする、定数である。
[4]前記管理範囲(A)が、以下によって求められることを特徴とする[1]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
コークス製造に用いる配合炭中に含まれる石炭または粘結材と前記石炭または粘結材の配合率を予め決定し、
前記石炭または粘結材の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、
配合炭に含まれるlogMFが3.2未満の石炭または粘結材の浸透距離と配合率から計算される加重平均浸透距離に対して2倍以上の範囲を前記浸透距離の管理範囲(A)と決定する。
[5]前記浸透距離の管理範囲(A)が、石炭または粘結材試料を粒径2mm以下が100mass%となるように粉砕し、該粉砕試料を充填密度0.8g/cm3で、層厚が10mmとなるように容器に充填して試料とし、該試料の上に直径2mmのガラスビーズを浸透距離以上の層厚で配置し、ガラスビーズの上部から圧力50kPaとなるように荷重を負荷しつつ、昇温速度3℃/分で室温から550℃まで不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱した場合の測定値で15mm以上かつ、logMFが2.5以上であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[6]前記風化は、風化後の石炭の浸透距離及び最高流動度が、下記式(5)にて規定する管理範囲(B)内になるように風化させる、[1]ないし[5]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
浸透距離<1.3×a×logMF (5)
但し、“a”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
[7]前記風化は、風化後の石炭の浸透距離及び最高流動度が、下記式(6)にて規定する管理範囲(B)内になるように風化させる、[1]ないし[5]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
浸透距離<a’×logMF+b (6)
但し、“a’”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
bは、前記回帰直線の作成に用いた銘柄から選ばれる1種類以上の同一試料を複数回測定した際の標準偏差の平均値以上で、前記平均値の5倍以下とする、定数である。
[8]前記“a”が、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、1.75<logMF<2.50の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数であることを特徴とする[2]または[6]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[9]前記“a’”が、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、1.75<logMF<2.50の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数であることを特徴とする[3]または[7]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[10]コークス製造に用いる配合炭中に含まれる石炭または粘結材の銘柄と前記各銘柄の石炭または粘結材の配合率を予め決定し、
前記各銘柄の石炭または粘結材の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、配合炭に含まれるlogMFが3.2未満の各銘柄の石炭または粘結材の浸透距離と配合率から計算される加重平均浸透距離を算出し、
風化後の石炭の浸透距離が、前記加重平均浸透距離に対して2倍未満である管理範囲(B)内となるように風化させることを特徴とする、[1]ないし[5]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[11]風化後の石炭の浸透距離が、石炭試料を粒径2mm以下が100mass%となるように粉砕し、該粉砕試料を充填密度0.8g/cm3で、層厚が10mmとなるように容器に充填して試料とし、該試料の上に直径2mmのガラスビーズを浸透距離以上の層厚で配置し、ガラスビーズの上部から圧力50kPaとなるように荷重を負荷しつつ、昇温速度3℃/分で室温から550℃まで不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱した場合の測定値で15mm未満である管理範囲(B)内となるように風化させる、
ことを特徴とする、[1]ないし[5]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[12]風化後の石炭の最高流動度が、logMF≧2.5かつ管理範囲(B)内になるように風化させることを特徴とする、[6]ないし[11]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[13]前記風化を行う際の酸化雰囲気として、O2、CO2、H2Oの1種以上の成分を含む気体雰囲気であることを特徴とする、[1]ないし[12]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[14]前記風化を行う際の酸化雰囲気として、空気雰囲気であることを特徴とする、[13]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[15]前記風化を行う際の加熱処理として、処理温度100℃~300℃、処理時間1~120分であることを特徴とする、[1]ないし[14]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[16]前記風化を行う際の加熱処理として、処理温度180℃~220℃、処理時間1~30分であることを特徴とする、[15]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[17]前記風化を行う際に、コークス製造に用いる石炭及び粘結材の一部または全量を事前に分級し、所定の篩目以上の粒子のみを風化させることを特徴とする、[1]ないし[16]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[18]前記風化を行う際に、コークス製造に用いる石炭及び粘結材を分級する際の所定の篩目が1mm~6mmの範囲から選ばれるものであることを特徴とする、[17]に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[19]前記浸透距離の測定が、前記上下面に貫通孔を有する材料の上から一定荷重を負荷させつつ、所定の加熱速度で前記試料を加熱することを特徴とする[1]ないし[18]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
[20]前記浸透距離の測定が、前記試料と前記上下面に貫通孔を有する材料を一定容積に保ちつつ、所定の加熱速度で前記試料を加熱することを特徴とする[1]ないし[18]のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
・従来から報告されている軟化溶融特性にはほとんど差がない石炭であっても、軟化溶融した石炭の周辺の環境を模擬した状態で測定した本発明の方法による軟化溶融特性には差がある。
・本発明の方法で測定した軟化溶融特性に差がある石炭を配合してコークスを製造した場合には、それらのコークス強度も異なっている。
本発明者らは、上記知見に基づいて、コークス強度に悪影響を及ぼす石炭を改質して好ましい軟化溶融特性を持たせる方法を見いだして、本発明に至った。
ΔP/L=K・μ・u ・・・ (7)
ここで、ΔPは上下面に貫通孔を有する材料内での圧力損失[Pa]、Lは貫通孔を有する材料の高さ[m]、Kは透過係数[m−2]、μは流体の粘度[Pa・s]、uは流体の速度[m/s]である。例えば上下面に貫通孔を有する材料として均一な粒径のガラスビーズ層を用いる場合、上述の好適な透過係数を持つようにするためには、直径0.2mmから3.5mm程度のガラスビーズを選択することが望ましく、もっとも望ましいのは2mmである。
(1)石炭又は粘結材を粒径2mm以下が100質量%となるように粉砕し、該粉砕された石炭又は粘結材を充填密度0.8g/cm3で、層厚が10mmとなるように容器に充填して試料を作成し、
(2)該試料の上に直径2mmのガラスビーズを浸透距離以上の層厚となるように配置し、
(3)前記ガラスビーズの上部から50kPaとなるように荷重を負荷しつつ、加熱速度3℃/分で室温から550℃まで不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱し、
(4)前記ガラスビーズ層へ浸透した溶融試料の浸透距離を測定する。
本発明者らが鋭意研究を重ねた結果、コークス製造用原料に配合して使用される際に、コークス強度の低下を招く石炭ないし粘結材の範囲は、以下の(イ)~(ニ)の4通りで規定することが効果的であることを見出した。
logMF≧2.5 (1)
浸透距離≧1.3×a×logMF (2)
但し、“a”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
logMF≧2.5 (3)
浸透距離≧a’×logMF+b (4)
但し、“a’”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及び最高流動度を測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。“b”は、前記回帰直線の作成に用いた銘柄から選ばれる1種類以上の同一試料を複数回測定した際の標準偏差の平均値以上で、前記平均値の5倍以下とする、定数である。
浸透距離<1.3×a×logMF (5)
(ヘ)風化炭の浸透距離と最高流動度が、下記式(6)にて規定する範囲内になるように風化させる。
浸透距離<a’×logMF+b (6)
ここで、aおよびa’、bは前記(イ)(ロ)の範囲の決定の場合と同じ方法で求めることができる。
L=(G−M)×H ・・・ (8)
ここで、Lは浸透距離[mm]、Gは充填したガラスビーズ質量[g]、Mは軟化溶融物と固着していないビーズ質量[g]、Hは本実験装置に充填されたガラスビーズの1gあたりの充填層高さ[mm/g]を表す。
[実施例2]
2 上下面に貫通孔を有する材料
3 容器
5 スリーブ
7 温度計
8 発熱体
9 温度検出器
10 温度調節器
11 ガス導入口
12 ガス排出口
13 膨張率検出棒
14 錘
15 変位計
16 円形貫通孔
17 充填粒子
18 充填円柱
Claims (20)
- 2種以上の石炭からなる配合炭もしくは2種以上の石炭に粘結材を配合してなる配合炭を乾留し、コークスを製造する方法であって、
前記配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材を試料として容器に充填し、前記試料の上に上下面に貫通孔を有する材料を配置し、前記試料を加熱し、前記貫通孔へ浸透した前記試料の浸透距離とギーセラープラストメータ法による最高流動度(logMF)とを測定し、
前記浸透距離及び最高流動度が所定の管理範囲(A)に該当する石炭を選定し、
選定された石炭の一部または全部を、酸化雰囲気下、常温又は加熱処理によって風化させ、風化後の石炭の浸透距離及び最高流動度が所定の管理範囲(B)内になるようにし、前記風化した石炭を配合する、
ことを特徴とする、冶金用コークスの製造方法。 - 前記浸透距離及び最高流動度の管理範囲(A)が、下記式(1)かつ式(2)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
logMF≧2.5 (1)
浸透距離≧1.3×a×logMF (2)
但し、“a”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。 - 前記浸透距離及び最高流動度の管理範囲(A)が、下記式(3)かつ式(4)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
logMF≧2.5 (3)
浸透距離≧a’×logMF+b (4)
但し、“a’”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
“b”は、前記回帰直線の作成に用いた銘柄から選ばれる1種類以上の同一試料を複数回測定した際の標準偏差の平均値以上で、前記平均値の5倍以下とする、定数である。 - 前記管理範囲(A)が、以下によって求められることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
コークス製造に用いる配合炭中に含まれる石炭または粘結材と前記石炭または粘結材の配合率を予め決定し、
前記石炭または粘結材の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、
配合炭に含まれるlogMFが3.2未満の石炭または粘結材の浸透距離と配合率から計算される加重平均浸透距離に対して2倍以上の範囲を前記浸透距離の管理範囲(A)と決定する。 - 前記浸透距離の管理範囲(A)が、石炭または粘結材試料を粒径2mm以下が100mass%となるように粉砕し、該粉砕試料を充填密度0.8g/cm3で、層厚が10mmとなるように容器に充填して試料とし、該試料の上に直径2mmのガラスビーズを浸透距離以上の層厚で配置し、ガラスビーズの上部から圧力50kPaとなるように荷重を負荷しつつ、昇温速度3℃/分で室温から550℃まで不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱した場合の測定値で15mm以上かつ、logMFが2.5以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化は、風化後の石炭の浸透距離及び最高流動度が、下記式(5)にて規定する管理範囲(B)内になるように風化させる、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
浸透距離<1.3×a×logMF (5)
但し、“a”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。 - 前記風化は、風化後の石炭の浸透距離及び最高流動度が、下記式(6)にて規定する管理範囲(B)内になるように風化させる、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
浸透距離<a’×logMF+b (6)
但し、“a’”は、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、logMF<2.5の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数である。
bは、前記回帰直線の作成に用いた銘柄から選ばれる1種類以上の同一試料を複数回測定した際の標準偏差の平均値以上で、前記平均値の5倍以下とする、定数である。 - 前記“a”が、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、1.75<logMF<2.50の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数であることを特徴とする請求項2または6に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記“a’”が、配合炭を構成する各石炭及び粘結材のうち、1.75<logMF<2.50の範囲にある石炭及び粘結材の少なくとも1種以上の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、その測定値を用いて原点を通る回帰直線を作成した際のlogMFの係数の0.7から1.0倍の範囲の定数であることを特徴とする請求項3または7に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- コークス製造に用いる配合炭中に含まれる石炭または粘結材の銘柄と前記各銘柄の石炭または粘結材の配合率を予め決定し、
前記各銘柄の石炭または粘結材の浸透距離及びlogMFを測定し、配合炭に含まれるlogMFが3.2未満の各銘柄の石炭または粘結材の浸透距離と配合率から計算される加重平均浸透距離を算出し、
風化後の石炭の浸透距離が、前記加重平均浸透距離に対して2倍未満である管理範囲(B)内となるように風化させることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。 - 風化後の石炭の浸透距離が、石炭試料を粒径2mm以下が100mass%となるように粉砕し、該粉砕試料を充填密度0.8g/cm3で、層厚が10mmとなるように容器に充填して試料とし、該試料の上に直径2mmのガラスビーズを浸透距離以上の層厚で配置し、ガラスビーズの上部から圧力50kPaとなるように荷重を負荷しつつ、昇温速度3℃/分で室温から550℃まで不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱した場合の測定値で15mm未満である管理範囲(B)内となるように風化させる、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。 - 風化後の石炭の最高流動度が、logMF≧2.5かつ管理範囲(B)内になるように風化させることを特徴とする、請求項6ないし請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化を行う際の酸化雰囲気として、O2、CO2、H2Oの1種以上の成分を含む気体雰囲気であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化を行う際の酸化雰囲気として、空気雰囲気であることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化を行う際の加熱処理として、処理温度100℃~300℃、処理時間1~120分であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化を行う際の加熱処理として、処理温度180℃~220℃、処理時間1~30分であることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化を行う際に、コークス製造に用いる石炭及び粘結材の一部または全量を事前に分級し、所定の篩目以上の粒子のみを風化させることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記風化を行う際に、コークス製造に用いる石炭及び粘結材を分級する際の所定の篩目が1mm~6mmの範囲から選ばれるものであることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記浸透距離の測定が、前記上下面に貫通孔を有する材料の上から一定荷重を負荷させつつ、所定の加熱速度で前記試料を加熱することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
- 前記浸透距離の測定が、前記試料と前記上下面に貫通孔を有する材料を一定容積に保ちつつ、所定の加熱速度で前記試料を加熱することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の冶金用コークスの製造方法。
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JP2010190761A (ja) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-09-02 | Jfe Steel Corp | 石炭の軟化溶融特性評価方法 |
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CN103154200A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
JP5229362B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
CN103154200B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
JP2012072389A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
KR20130059429A (ko) | 2013-06-05 |
KR101451050B1 (ko) | 2014-10-15 |
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