WO2012028032A1 - 用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法 - Google Patents
用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012028032A1 WO2012028032A1 PCT/CN2011/076785 CN2011076785W WO2012028032A1 WO 2012028032 A1 WO2012028032 A1 WO 2012028032A1 CN 2011076785 W CN2011076785 W CN 2011076785W WO 2012028032 A1 WO2012028032 A1 WO 2012028032A1
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- Prior art keywords
- arm
- telescopic
- hook
- speed
- arms
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/54—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with pneumatic or hydraulic motors, e.g. for actuating jib-cranes on tractors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/06—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs mounted for jibbing or luffing movements
- B66C23/08—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs mounted for jibbing or luffing movements and adapted to move the loads in predetermined paths
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of controlling the trajectory of a hook of a crane. Background technique
- Lifting equipment plays a very important role in today's social life. It is widely used in construction sites, port terminals, metallurgical mines, etc. where large-scale loading and unloading and handling of goods or ore is required. In order to meet the needs of different working conditions, lifting equipment is also constantly changing. How to improve the performance of lifting equipment and solve the problems encountered in the use of lifting equipment is a subject that has been continuously studied in the field of engineering machinery. One.
- Each hydraulic cylinder can control one degree of freedom (retraction or pitch) of each boom.
- the hydraulic cylinders are controlled by the operator through the remote control or electric control handle.
- the combined control of all hydraulic cylinders enables the transfer of heavy objects from the starting position to the target position.
- the movement of the hydraulic cylinder requires time (not too fast) on the one hand, and the motion inertia caused by the impact of the hydraulic oil is not easily controlled accurately on the other hand, which may cause consumption on the one hand when using the lifting device.
- the time is too long, on the other hand, it will affect the judgment of the operator.
- the present invention proposes a novel method for controlling the trajectory of the hook of the crane.
- the present invention provides a method for controlling a trajectory of a hook of a crane, wherein the crane has at least two pitch arms, and at least one of the at least two arms includes a telescopic arm (where the telescopic arm can include a set arm) And a multi-section telescopic arm joint), the hook is connected to the outer end of the last arm, the rotation of each arm and the telescopic expansion of each telescopic arm are respectively controlled by a hydraulic cylinder, and the method comprises collecting each arm The angle with the horizontal plane and the length of each section of the telescopic arm; specify the angular velocity of rotation for each section of the arm and specify the telescopic speed for each section of the telescopic arm; respectively, according to the angle and the angle acquired for each section of the arm The length of the telescopic arm is collected, and the angular velocity specified for each arm and the telescopic speed specified for each telescopic arm to determine the inertia index of each arm, wherein the inertia
- Ay is caused by the rotation and telescopic movement of the arm. a displacement of the vertical direction from the expected position; determining whether the angular velocity and the telescopic speed satisfy a driving condition according to the inertia index; and in a case where the angular velocity and the telescopic speed satisfy the driving condition, The angular velocity and the telescopic speed are used to drive the various hydraulic cylinders to move the hooks.
- the method further comprises, when the angular velocity and the telescopic speed do not satisfy the driving condition, returning an angular velocity of rotation for each of the arms and specifying expansion and contraction for each of the telescopic arms The speed step.
- the driving condition is a sum of A x of each of the arm and an arm of each of the arms
- the sum of Ay is less than or equal to a threshold.
- the A ⁇ PA y respectively satisfy the following formula:
- a x a ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ + b ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cos ⁇ ,
- a y a ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cos a + b ⁇ m ⁇ v ⁇ sin ⁇ ,
- ⁇ is the angle between the arm and the horizontal plane
- L is the length of the arm
- ⁇ is the angular velocity of the arm rotation
- V is the telescopic speed of the arm
- m is the mass of the arm
- a x2 and a y2 are only allow the boom section at a speed V in the horizontal direction in a telescopic hook And displacement in the vertical direction.
- the crane further includes a turntable that is driven to rotate by a swing hydraulic motor
- the method further includes collecting a turn angle of the turntable, and driving the swing hydraulic motor to control the turn of the turntable according to the acquired swing angle.
- the present invention also provides a method for controlling a trajectory of a hook of a crane, wherein the crane has a turntable and at least two pitch arms, and at least one of the at least two arms includes at least one telescopic arm, and the hook is connected At the outer end of the distal arm, the rotation of each arm and the telescopic expansion of each telescopic arm are respectively controlled by independent hydraulic cylinders, and the rotation of the rotary table is controlled by a rotary hydraulic motor, the method comprising: determining the suspension The initial position and the target position of the hook; setting a predetermined movement trajectory of the hook according to the initial position and the target position; periodically collecting the angle between each arm and the horizontal plane, the length and the length of each of the telescopic arms a rotation angle of the turntable; an angular velocity of rotation for each of the arms, a telescopic speed for each of the telescopic arms, and a rotational speed for the rotary table, wherein the angular velocity, the telescopic speed, and the
- ⁇ ⁇ is the displacement of the hook from the expected position in the horizontal direction due to the rotation and telescopic movement of the arm.
- Ay is a displacement of the hook from the expected position in the vertical direction due to the rotation and the telescopic movement of the pitch arm; determining whether the angular velocity and the telescopic speed satisfy the driving condition according to the inertia index; and at the angular velocity and When the telescopic speed satisfies the driving condition, each of the hydraulic cylinders is driven in accordance with the angular velocity and the telescopic speed, and the swing hydraulic motor is driven in accordance with the rotational speed to move the hook.
- the method further comprises: returning an angular velocity of the rotation specified for each of the arms, and specifying a telescopic speed for each of the telescopic arms, in the case where the angular velocity and the telescopic speed do not satisfy the driving condition, and The step of specifying the turning speed of the turntable.
- the sum of Ay is less than or equal to a threshold.
- the A ⁇ PA y respectively satisfy the following formula:
- a x a ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ + b ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cos ⁇ ,
- a y a ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cos a + b ⁇ m ⁇ v ⁇ sin ⁇ ,
- ⁇ is the angle between the arm and the horizontal plane
- L is the length of the arm
- ⁇ is the angular velocity of the arm rotation
- V is the telescopic speed of the arm
- m is the mass of the arm
- a xl And A yl are the displacements of the hook in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction only when the arm is rotated at the angular velocity ⁇
- a x2 and A y2 are the hooks in the horizontal direction only when the arm is stretched at the speed V, respectively.
- displacement in the vertical direction is the displacement in the vertical direction.
- the distance from the hook to the predetermined trajectory can also be The above data is collected when a threshold is exceeded.
- the concept of the inertia index is introduced, so that the inertia effects of the knuckle arms are mutually offset when the movement of the hook is controlled, thereby improving The accuracy of the crane's control of the trajectory of the hook and the efficiency of the crane.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a folding arm crane
- Figure 2 shows a flow chart of a method for controlling the trajectory of a hook of a crane
- Figure 3 shows a flow chart of another method for controlling the trajectory of a hook of a crane.
- the present invention proposes various methods for controlling the crane trajectory of a crane for a general crane structure.
- a general crane structure there is no limitation on the number of sections of the crane's arms, which sections are telescopic, and which sections are rotatable. Therefore, the method proposed by the present invention is applicable to a crane having any number of knots.
- an exemplary crane having a turntable and two booms wherein the turntable is coupled to the chassis by a slewing ring and is rotatable in a horizontal plane, the first section arm being a folding arm, the second section The arm is a telescopic arm.
- the present invention covers the case where the crane has a turntable and at least two arms and at least one of the at least two arms includes a telescopic arm.
- a hook is connected to the outer end of the distal arm, and the rotation of each arm and the expansion and contraction of each telescopic arm are respectively controlled by independent hydraulic cylinders, and the rotation of the rotary table is controlled by a rotary hydraulic motor.
- the chassis is usually supported on the ground by legs.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary one with a turntable and two booms.
- the crane comprises a turntable 1 (also referred to as a swivel arm or a column), a folding arm 2, a telescopic arm 3 and a chassis 4, wherein the hinge point of the turntable 1 and the folding arm 2 is at a distance L 3 from the ground, and the folding arm 2
- the length of the two hinge points is that the angle between the folding arm 2 and the horizontal plane is ⁇ , the length of the telescopic arm 3 is L 2 , the angle between the telescopic arm 3 and the horizontal plane is ⁇ , the turntable 1 can be rotated, and the rotation angle thereof is ⁇ (ie, the turntable 1)
- the turntable 1 is rotatable in a plane relative to the chassis 4 (ie, "swing action”); the folding arm 2 is rotatable about the hinge point of the turntable 1 in the plane of the arm structure (ie, "pitch action"), but
- the telescopic arm 3 is rotatable about the hinge point of the folding arm 2 in the plane of the arm structure (i.e., "pitching motion"), and is expandable and contractible along the length direction of the telescopic arm 3 (i.e., "stretching action”).
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for controlling a trajectory of a hook of a crane, wherein the crane has at least two pitch arms, at least one of which is included in at least two of the arms, the hook Connected to the outer end of the distal arm, the rotation of each arm and the telescopic expansion of each telescopic arm are controlled by separate hydraulic cylinders.
- step 210 the angle between each arm and the horizontal plane and the length of each telescopic arm are first collected, wherein the collection of the angle can be realized by an angle sensor, and the length of the telescopic arm is Acquisition can be achieved with a line displacement sensor.
- the selected angle sensor is used to measure the angle between each of the arms and the horizontal plane.
- Fig. 1 it is necessary to collect the angle between the turntable 1 and the horizontal plane (the turntable in the figure is placed in the vertical direction at an angle of 90 degrees), the angle ct between the folded arm 2 and the horizontal plane, and the telescopic arm 3 and the horizontal plane.
- step 220 an angular velocity of rotation is specified for each of the arms and a telescopic speed is designated for each of the telescoping arms.
- the angular velocity and the selectable range of the telescopic speed may be further limited by adding other conditions, such as by specifying a predetermined motion trajectory of the hook or the like.
- the rotational angular velocity and the telescopic speed are proportional to the expansion and contraction speed of the hydraulic cylinder, and thus may be based on the hydraulic cylinder.
- the connection position relationship on the arm establishes the relationship between the expansion speed of the hydraulic cylinder and the corresponding angular velocity and expansion speed.
- step 230 the angles acquired for each of the arms and the lengths acquired for each of the telescopic arms, and the angular velocity specified for each of the arms and the expansion and contraction specified for each of the telescopic arms, respectively Speed to determine the inertia index of each arm.
- the inertia indicator is used to evaluate the inertia shadow of each arm due to rotation and/or expansion and contraction ring. Since the movement tendency of each arm needs to be taken into consideration when considering the influence of inertia between different pitch arms, the binary parameter (A x , A y ) is used to represent the inertia index, and ⁇ ⁇ represents inertia.
- the horizontal component of the indicator, A y represents the vertical component of the inertia index, each component A ⁇ P
- Ay consists of two parts, a rotating part and a telescopic part.
- a ⁇ P Ay is caused by the rotation and telescopic movement of the arm under consideration, respectively, causing the hook to deviate from the intended position in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction (ie, under conditions that are not affected by inertia, The displacement of the target position reached by the hook.
- a x a ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sin a +b ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cos a
- a y a ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cos a +b ⁇ m ⁇ v ⁇ sin a
- m is the mass of the pitch arm, and in another embodiment, m may also be the sum of the masses of all arms from the pitch arm up to the end section arm.
- a is the rotational inertia weight
- b is the telescopic inertia weight
- a and b respectively represent the extent to which the two motions of rotation and expansion are affected by inertia, and a and b can be determined in advance or given according to empirical values.
- a/b can be understood as the inertia effect caused by the rotation and the inertia effect caused by the telescopic motion. Ratio, in fact, once the a/b is determined and the magnitude relationship between the rotational inertia weights of the arms is further determined, the technical solution proposed by the present invention can be implemented as long as the threshold is subsequently K can be appropriately scaled when making selections.
- D a a ⁇ m - L - Q
- D b b ⁇ mv
- a ⁇ ⁇ PA y corresponds to the displacement of the hook from the intended position in the horizontal and vertical directions due to the rotation and telescopic movement of the arm under consideration, respectively.
- a and b are generally of the same order, and the range of a/b is usually limited to the range of 0.1-10.
- a ⁇ PA y may have other forms as long as (A x , A y ) can express the trend of the arm of the corresponding arm (similar to the concept of "momentum"). ) (for example, you can use the corresponding moment of inertia I of each arm to describe the first term in A y , that is, instead of a ⁇ m ⁇ L), so that the inertia of each arm can be evaluated accurately. The effects of degrees, so that in the next step, they cancel each other out, but the measurement and operation are more accurate.
- the expansion and contraction items in the inertia index can be neglected, so that the calculation is more concise.
- the cost of doing so is that the inertia evaluation is not accurate enough, so that the effect of inertia cancellation is reduced, but even so There should also be obvious advantages over the prior art.
- the inertia index of each pitch arm can be calculated in accordance with the above-described embodiments of the present invention.
- a x3 a 3 ⁇ m 3 ⁇ L 2 ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ sin ⁇ + b 3 ⁇ m 3 ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ cos ⁇
- a y3 a 3 ⁇ m 3 ⁇ L 2 ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ cos ⁇ + b 3 ⁇ m 3 ⁇ v 3 ⁇ sin ⁇ .
- step 240 it is judged based on the inertia index whether the angular velocity and the telescopic speed satisfy the driving condition.
- the driving condition of each section A y of the arm ⁇ ⁇ and the sum of each section and each arm is less than or equal to a threshold.
- a threshold K can be set such that the sum of A x of each arm is I ⁇ A X I And the sum of the Ay of each of the arms I ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to ⁇ ⁇ (in other embodiments of the present invention, other rules may also be used, such as [( ⁇ A x ) 2 +( ⁇ A y ) 2 ] 1/2 is less than or equal to K, etc.), thereby maximally offsetting the influence of the inertia of each arm on the accuracy of the hook position control.
- the restriction rules given here only give the upper bound. In the actual operation process, multiple gear positions can be given according to the cargo demand (such as the valuable grade, the handling accuracy requirement, etc.) carried by the crane. In the case where I ⁇ A X I and l ⁇ A y l are equal to Kl, K2....Kn (Kl > ⁇ 2>...> ⁇ ), the higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the value (for a given a and b)).
- the same scaling can be performed to achieve the same when the threshold K is subsequently selected.
- the threshold K corresponds to a limit on the distance of the hook from the intended position.
- a and y respectively correspond to the lifting due to the rotation and telescopic movement of the arm under consideration.
- the range of K is usually limited to a range of 5 cm to 100 cm.
- the entire boom has at least three degrees of freedom (ie, at least three variables), and the motion path requirement of the hook is only a restriction rule. (ie an equation), can not completely limit the operation of the boom, so you can also add at least one more limit (that is, add another equation), so that the operation of the boom can be restricted by the inertia index. Realized, there will be no lock-up due to no solution. In fact, in the existing crane control method, it is also necessary to restrict the movement of each arm of the crane to allow the boom to travel without hesitation. In the present invention, by introducing the inertia index to limit the travel of the boom, the control accuracy of the hook position can be greatly improved.
- step 250 in the case where the angular velocity and the telescopic speed satisfy the driving condition
- the respective hydraulic cylinders are driven in accordance with the angular velocity and the telescopic speed to move the hooks.
- the inertia index can also be corrected by feeding back the accuracy of the hook position. This correction can be achieved by adding a constant term to the formula of the inertia index, or by modifying the inertia weights a and b. In the implementation, the correction may be performed in real time, or may be performed by performing statistics on the position data during the carrying process after performing one handling operation.
- the crane further includes a turntable that is driven to rotate by a swing hydraulic motor, such that the method may further include acquiring a swing angle of the turntable, and driving the swing hydraulic motor according to the acquired swing angle Control the rotation of the turntable.
- the rotation angle of the turntable 1 is ⁇ .
- the inertia index is independent of the rotation of the turntable. Although the rotation of the turntable also has inertia, it also affects the accuracy of the movement of the hook in the horizontal plane. However, among the rotational degrees of freedom in the horizontal plane, there is only one such Movement, the method according to the invention cannot attenuate or eliminate the effects of rotational inertia within the degree of freedom.
- Figure 3 shows a flow chart of another method for controlling the trajectory of a hook of a crane.
- the crane has a turntable and at least two sections of arms, and at least one of the at least two sections of arms includes at least one telescopic arm, the hook is connected to the outer end of the last section arm, the rotation of each arm and the expansion and contraction of each section
- the telescopic expansion of the arms is controlled by separate hydraulic cylinders whose rotation is controlled by a rotary hydraulic motor.
- the method of Figure 3 adds the step of determining the trajectory of the hook movement.
- the initial position and the target position of the hook are first determined.
- the acquisition of the hook position can be achieved by a position sensor, wherein in one embodiment, the initial position can be taken directly as the target position of the last movement.
- the predetermined motion trajectory of the hook may be determined based on at least one of a plurality of factors, such as cargo condition, path requirement, and handling speed requirement, based on the location acquired in step 302.
- the hook can be moved as straight as possible, thereby saving handling time.
- all of the hydraulic cylinders can be driven to move the hooks in accordance with a predetermined trajectory.
- step 310 it may be set to periodically acquire the angle between each of the arms and the horizontal plane, the length of each of the telescopic arms, and the angle of rotation of the turret.
- the collection period may be preset, or may be dynamically determined according to the actual movement trajectory of the hook.
- the actual position of the hook can be monitored in real time, and each parameter specified in step 310 is acquired when the actual position of the hook deviates from the predetermined trajectory to a certain threshold.
- the easiest way is to collect the parameters periodically. Every other preset time period, each parameter is collected once. The smaller the time period is set, the more frequently the acquisition is, and the more accurate the control of the hook track is. When the time period is small enough, it can also be called "real-time acquisition".
- step 320 an angular velocity of rotation is specified for each of the arms, a telescopic speed is designated for each of the telescopic arms, and a rotational speed is specified for the rotary table, wherein the angular velocity, the telescopic speed, and the rotational speed enable The hook moves according to a predetermined motion trajectory
- step 330 the angles acquired for each of the arms and the lengths acquired for each of the telescoping arms, and the angular velocity specified for each of the arms and the telescoping of each of the telescopic arms are respectively determined. Speed to determine the inertia index of each arm.
- step 340 the angular velocity and the telescopic speed are determined according to the inertia index. Does the drive condition be met.
- step 350 in a case where the angular velocity and the telescopic speed satisfy the driving condition, each of the hydraulic cylinders is driven according to the angular velocity and the telescopic speed, and the rotary hydraulic motor is driven according to the rotational speed, so that The hook movement.
- each hydraulic cylinder After determining the initial position and the target position, and thereby determining the predetermined motion trajectory, each hydraulic cylinder starts driving the pitch arms for initial motion, which is referred to in the current sections.
- the hook Under the initial parameter conditions (angle and length) of the arm, the hook is moved according to a predetermined trajectory. Once the movement occurs, the parameters of each arm are changed. If no adjustment is made, the hook will deviate from the set trajectory. Therefore, it is necessary to re-select the angular velocity and speed that meet the conditions, that is, the setting of each hydraulic cylinder is required. The adjustment is made so that the arm of the parameter change continues to drive the hook to move according to a predetermined trajectory.
- the hook it is impossible for the hook to move strictly in accordance with a predetermined trajectory. Normally, if the distance of the hook from the predetermined trajectory is within a certain range, the hook can be determined to move according to a predetermined trajectory. Therefore, in the above step 310, it is also possible to determine whether to re-acquire data according to the distance of the hook from the predetermined trajectory. Of course, this requires an additional detecting device. In a preferred embodiment, periodicity can be set. Automatic data acquisition, the shorter the acquisition cycle, the more precise the position control of the hook.
- the crane has at least two arms, and at least one of the telescopic arms, which stipulates that the general crane on the one hand conforms to the structural requirements.
- the method provided by the present invention is also applicable to cranes that do not include telescopic arms, but in this case it is necessary to have at least three arms to maintain a degree of freedom of at least three.
- the various methods of the present invention control the movement trajectory of the hook, and the speed of movement of the hook is not limited.
- the crane can be specified to have at least two types of high speed and low speed. Run mode to select and switch as needed.
- the concept of the inertia index is introduced, so that the inertia effects of the knuckle arms are mutually offset when the movement of the hook is controlled, thereby improving The accuracy of the crane's control of the trajectory of the hook and the efficiency of the crane.
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Description
用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法。 背景技术
起重设备在当今社会生活中起着非常重要的作用,其广泛的应用于建筑 工地、 港口码头、 冶金矿山等需要对货物或矿石进行大规模装卸和搬运的场 合。 为了适应不同工作条件的需求, 起重设备也不断的发生着变化, 如何提 高起重设备的性能, 解决其中使用起重设备过程中遇到的问题, 是工程机械 领域长期以来不断研究的课题之一。
当今, 起重设备多由液压驱动, 每一个液压缸可以控制每节起重臂的一 个自由度 (伸缩或俯仰), 由操作人员通过遥控器或电控手柄分别对各个液 压缸进行控制, 通过所有的液压缸的联合控制, 能够实现将重物从起始位置 搬运到目标位置的过程。 但是, 液压缸的运动一方面需要时间 (不能过快), 另一方面由于液压油的冲击所引起的运动惯性不容易进行精确地控制, 这就 导致在使用起重设备时一方面可能会耗时过长, 另一方面还会对操作人员的 判断造成影响。
为了解决这些问题, 需要由有经验的操作人员进行操作, 他们对液压缸 的伸缩性能非常熟悉, 能够在操作过程中合理的考虑到惯性的影响, 而对起 重臂进行更为准确的操作, 并且由于经验, 他们能够更加合理地控制不同油 缸联动, 从而选择最短的搬运路径, 而缩短搬运时间, 还大大的提高了起重 臂的灵活性和灵敏度, 从而提高起重效率。
但这些举措都未能从本质上改变当前起重设备的使用状况, 一方面, 即 使是再有经验的操作人员也难免会出现错误, 这种错误轻则耽误时间, 重则
造成物毁人亡, 而且操作人员对路径的选择, 对各个液压缸的联合操作还可 以被优化。 另一方面, 液压缸的惯性的影响仍然存在, 尤其是在增加了起重 臂的节数之后, 这种影响变得更加不可预测且不可忽略。 因而, 需要一种能 够集选择路径、 液压联合控制、 惯性估计与抵消等众多功能于一身的起重机 吊钩运动轨迹控制方法。 发明内容
为了解决现有的起重设备中存在的起重效率低且准确度不够高的缺陷, 本发明提出了新型的用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法。
本发明提供了一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法,其中所述起 重机具有至少两节臂, 所述至少两节臂中至少包括一节伸缩臂(这里的伸缩 臂可包括套臂和多节可伸缩臂节), 所述吊钩连接在末节臂的外端, 每一节 臂的转动以及每一节伸缩臂的伸缩分别由液压缸进行控制, 该方法包括采集 每一节臂与水平面的夹角和每一节伸缩臂的长度; 为每一节臂指定旋转的角 速度并为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度; 分别根据为每一节臂所采集的夹角和 为每一节伸缩臂所采集的长度, 以及为每一节臂所指定的角速度和为每一节 伸缩臂所指定的伸缩速度来确定每一节臂的惯性指标, 其中所述每一节臂的 惯性指标为二元参数 (Ax, Ay), Ax是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩 在水平方向偏离预期位置的位移, Ay 是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊 钩在竖直方向偏离预期位置的位移; 根据所述惯性指标来判断所述角速度和 所述伸缩速度是否满足驱动条件; 以及在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度满足所 述驱动条件的情况下,按照所述角速度和伸缩速度来驱动各个液压缸以使所 述吊钩运动。
优选地,该方法还包括在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度不满足所述驱动条 件的情况下, 返回为每一节臂指定旋转的角速度并为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩
速度的步骤。
优选地, 所述驱动条件为所述每一节臂的 Ax之和以及所述每一节臂的
Ay之和分别小于或等于一阈值。
优选地, 所述 A^^P Ay分别满足以下公式:
Ax =a · m · L · Ω · sin α +b · m · ν · cos α,
Ay=a · m · L · Ω · cos a +b · m · v · sin α ,
其中 a=(Axl 2 +Ayl 2 )1 2/(m ' L * Ω ), b=(Ax2 2 +Ay2 2 )1 2/(m · v),
其中 α为该节臂与水平面之间的夹角, L为该节臂的长度, Ω为该节臂 转动的角速度, V为该节臂的伸缩速度, m为该节臂的质量, Axl和 Ayl分别 为只让该节臂以角速度 Ω转动时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位移, Ax2和 Ay2分别为只让该节臂以速度 V进行伸缩时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位 移。
优选地, 所述起重机还包括由回转液压马达驱动回转的转台, 并且该方 法还包括采集所述转台的回转角, 以及根据所采集的回转角来驱动所述回转 液压马达控制转台的回转。
本发明还提供了一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法,其中所述 起重机具有转台以及至少两节臂, 所述至少两节臂中至少包括一节伸缩臂, 所述吊钩连接在末节臂的外端,每一节臂的转动和每一节伸缩臂的伸缩分别 由独立的液压缸进行控制, 所述转台的转动由回转液压马达进行控制, 该方 法包括: 确定所述吊钩的初始位置和目标位置; 根据所述初始位置和目标位 置来设置所述吊钩的预定运动轨迹; 周期性地采集每一节臂与水平面的夹 角、 每一节伸缩臂的长度和所述转台的回转角; 为每一节臂指定旋转的角速 度, 为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度, 并为所述转台指定回转速度, 其中所述 角速度、所述伸缩速度和所述回转速度能够使所述吊钩按照预定运动轨迹运 动; 分别根据为每一节臂所采集的夹角和为每一节伸缩臂所采集的长度, 以
及为每一节臂所指定的角速度和为每一节伸缩臂所指定的伸缩速度来确定 每一节臂的惯性指标, 其中所述每一节臂的惯性指标为二元参数 (AX, Ay),
Αχ是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在水平方向偏离预期位置的位移,
Ay是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在竖直方向偏离预期位置的位移; 根据所述惯性指标来判断所述角速度和所述伸缩速度是否满足驱动条件; 以 及在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度满足所述驱动条件的情况下,按照所述角速 度和伸缩速度来驱动各个液压缸, 并按照所述回转速度来驱动回转液压马 达, 以使所述吊钩运动。
优选地,该方法还包括在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度不满足所述驱动条 件的情况下, 返回为每一节臂指定旋转的角速度、 为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩 速度并为所述转台指定回转速度的步骤。
优选地, 所述驱动条件为所述每一节臂的 Αχ之和以及所述每一节臂的
Ay之和分别小于或等于一阈值。
优选地, 所述 A^^P Ay分别满足以下公式:
Ax =a · m · L · Ω · sin α +b · m · ν · cos α,
Ay=a · m · L · Ω · cos a +b · m · v · sin α ,
其中 a=( Axl 2 +Ayl 2 )1 2/(m ' L * Ω ), b=(Ax2 2 +Ay2 2 )1 2/(m · v),
其中 α为该节臂与水平面之间的夹角, L为该节臂的长度, Ω为该节臂 转动的角速度, V为该节臂的伸缩速度, m为该节臂的质量, Axl和 Ayl分别 为只让该节臂以角速度 Ω转动时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位移, Ax2和 Ay2分别为只让该节臂以速度 V进行伸缩时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位 移。
优选地, 在所述周期性地采集每一节臂与水平面的夹角、 每一节伸缩臂 的长度和所述转台的回转角的步骤中,还能够在所述吊钩偏离预定轨迹的距 离超过一阈值时采集以上各项数据。
通过本发明提供的用于控制折臂式起重机的吊钩的运动轨迹的方法, 引 入了惯性指标的概念,从而在控制吊钩的运动时对各节臂的惯性影响进行了 相互抵消, 提高了起重机对吊钩的运动轨迹控制的精确程度, 并能够提高起 重机的效率。 附图说明
图 1示出了一种折臂式起重机示意图;
图 2示出了一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法的流程图; 图 3示出了另一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
本发明针对一般性的起重机结构提出了多种用于控制起重机的吊钩运 动轨迹的方法。 在一般的起重机结构中, 对起重机的臂的节数、 其中哪些节 可伸缩、 哪些节可转动都没有限制, 因此本发明所提出的方法适用于具有任 意节数的起重机。
在以下的描述中,将针对具有转台和两节起重臂的示例性的起重机进行 描述, 其中转台通过回转支承与底盘相连并可在水平面内转动, 第一节臂为 折叠臂, 第二节臂为伸缩臂。 应该指出的是, 虽然本发明中只给出了针对这 一种示例性起重机的描述,但本领域技术人员显然可以根据本发明的内容和 实质推广到任意节数、 任意转动和伸缩要求的情况, 比如, 本发明的发明内 容覆盖了起重机具有转台和至少两节臂且该至少两节臂中至少包括一节伸 缩臂的情形。 在一般的起重机中, 在末节臂的外端连接有吊钩, 并且每一节 臂的转动以及每一节伸缩臂的伸缩分别由独立的液压缸进行控制,转台的转 动由回转液压马达进行控制, 底盘通常通过支腿支撑于地面之上。
如图 1所示, 图 1示出了一种所述示例性的具有转台和两节起重臂的起
重机的示意图。该起重机包括转台 1 (也可称之为回转臂或立柱)、折叠臂 2、 伸缩臂 3和底盘 4, 其中转台 1与折叠臂 2的铰接点距离地面的距离为 L3, 折叠臂 2的两铰点长度为 折叠臂 2与水平面的夹角为 α,伸缩臂 3的长 度为 L2,伸缩臂 3与水平面的夹角为 β,转台 1可以回转,其回转角为 Υ (即 转台 1、 折叠臂 2和伸缩臂 3组成的上车结构的初始位置与目标位置之间在 水平面内的夹角, 如图 1所示)。 转台 1可相对于底盘 4在平面内作回转运 动 (即 "回转动作"); 折叠臂 2可围绕与转台 1的铰接点在所述臂结构的平 面内转动 (即 "俯仰动作"), 但不可伸缩; 伸缩臂 3可围绕与折叠臂 2的铰 接点在所述臂结构的平面内转动 (即 "俯仰动作"), 并可沿伸缩臂 3的长度 方向伸缩 (即 "伸缩动作")。
图 2示出了一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法的流程图,其中 所述起重机具有至少两节臂, 所述至少两节臂中至少包括一节伸缩臂, 所述 吊钩连接在末节臂的外端, 每一节臂的转动以及每一节伸缩臂的伸缩分别由 独立的液压缸进行控制。
如图 2所示, 在步骤 210中, 首先采集每一节臂与水平面的夹角和每一 节伸缩臂的长度, 其中对夹角的采集可以通过角度传感器来实现, 对伸缩臂 的长度的采集可以通过线位移传感器来实现。
在一种实施方式中,所选择的角度传感器用于测量每一节臂与水平面的 夹角, 在本发明的其它实施方式中, 还可以选择测量相邻臂之间的夹角。 其 中, 测量水平面的夹角, 在公式建立方面更加简单, 控制器的设计也得到简 化, 从而使吊钩的运动控制也相对更简单一些; 测量相邻臂之间的夹角, 抗 震动性能比较好, 可以减少计算值与实际值之间的误差。
在图 1中, 需要采集转台 1与水平面的夹角 (图中的转台沿竖直方向放 置, 夹角为 90度)、 折叠臂 2与水平面之间的夹角 ct以及伸缩臂 3与水平面 之间的夹角 β。
在步骤 220中,为每一节臂指定旋转的角速度并为每一节伸缩臂指定伸 缩速度。
在每一节臂的转动角速度允许范围内为该节臂选择转动角速度, 并在每 一节伸缩臂的伸缩速度的允许范围内为该节臂选择伸缩速度,在对吊钩运动 轨迹没有其他限制的情况下, 以上的允许范围是由各个液压缸的性能决定 的。
在一种实施方式中,还可以通过添加其他条件对所述角速度和所述伸缩 速度的可选范围进行进一步的限制, 比如通过规定吊钩的预定运动轨迹等。
在本发明的一种实施方式中, 由于通过液压缸来驱动各节臂的转动以及 各节伸缩臂的伸缩, 转动角速度和伸缩速度是与液压缸的伸缩速度成正比 的, 因此可以根据液压缸在臂上的连接位置关系, 建立液压缸的伸缩速度与 相应的角速度和伸缩速度之间的关系。
在步骤 230中,分别根据为每一节臂所采集的夹角和为每一节伸缩臂所 采集的长度, 以及为每一节臂所指定的角速度和为每一节伸缩臂所指定的伸 缩速度来确定每一节臂的惯性指标。
在起重臂工作时, 往往需要各节臂联合动作, 各个液压缸同时被驱动, 以使得吊钩按照预定的轨迹移动到指定的位置。但实际使用时, 由于液压缸 中的油的流动会产生一定的惯性作用,而这种惯性作用转换到臂的转动或伸 缩则体现为: 由于不能立即停止油缸的运动而使臂的转动和伸缩不能得到准 确的控制, 此外, 每一节臂自身的运动也具有很大的惯性, 这些加在一起会 对起重臂的控制带来很大的负面影响。 惯性是各种物体固有的属性, 不能够 被消除, 只要具有质量的物体运动都会产生惯性。 本发明针对这一点, 引入 了惯性指标, 对每一节臂的惯性进行评估, 从而通过不同节臂之间的惯性影 响相抵消来使对起重臂 (吊钩) 的控制更加准确。
所述惯性指标用于评估每一节臂由于转动和 /或伸缩而带来的惯性影
响。 由于在考虑到不同节臂之间的惯性影响相互抵消时, 需要考虑到每一节 臂的运动趋势, 因此用二元参数 (Ax, Ay) 来表示所述惯性指标, Αχ表示惯 性指标的水平方向分量, Ay表示惯性指标的竖直方向分量, 每个分量 A^^P
Ay都包含转动部分和伸缩部分两部分。 在一种优选实施方式中, A^^P Ay分 别是由于所考虑的臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向偏离 预期位置(即在不受惯性影响的条件下, 希望吊钩所达到的目标位置) 的位 移。
在本发明的一种实施方式中, 若某一节臂与水平面之间的夹角为 α, 长 度为 L, 转动角速度为 Ω , 伸缩速度为 V, 则定义:
Ax=a · m · L · Ω · sin a +b · m · ν · cos a
Ay= a · m · L · Ω · cos a +b · m · v · sin a
在一种实施方式中, m为该节臂的质量, 在另一种实施方式中, m还可 为从该节臂开始直至末节臂的所有臂的质量之和。 a为转动惯性权重, b为 伸缩惯性权重, a和 b分别代表的是转动和伸缩两种运动受惯性影响的程度 大小, a和 b可事先测定或根据经验值给定。
可以理解的是, 对于任一节臂, 我们所关心的是两个权重值的比值 a/b, a/b 可以理解为就是转动所带来的惯性影响和伸缩运动所带来的惯性影响的 比值, 事实上, 一旦对 a/b进行了确定, 并进一步对各节臂的转动惯性权重 之间的大小关系进行了确定, 就已经可以实现本发明所提出的技术方案, 只 要在随后对阈值 K进行选择时进行适当的缩放即可。
在一种实施方式中, 可以通过如下的方法来对 a和 b进行测定: 只使该 节臂进行转动则上面用于计算 A^^P Ay的两个等式中等号右侧第二项为零, 只使该节臂进行伸缩则上面两个等式中等号右侧第一项为零,在这两种情况 下分别测定吊钩偏离预期位置的位移 和 Db, 其中 Da=(Axl 2 +Ayl 2 )1/2, Db=(Ax2 2 +Ay2 2 )1 2,, 则可知 Da/Db=a/b · (m · L · Q )/(m · v), 由此可以导出
a/b的值。在一种优选的实施方式中可以直接令 Da=a <m -L -Q ), Db=b <m v), 这样可以直接得到 a和 b的值, 这种优选实施方式中, A^^P Ay分别对应于 由于所考虑的臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向偏离预期 位置的位移。
根据对现有起重臂的认识, a和 b—般为同一量级, a/b的范围通常可限 定为 0.1-10的范围。
在本发明的其它实施方式中, A^^P Ay也可以具有其它的形式,只要(Ax, Ay) 能够表现其所对应的那一节臂的运动趋势 (类似于 "动量"的概念) 即 可 (例如, 可以用每一节臂的相应转动惯量 I来描述 和 Ay中的第一项, 即代替 a · m · L) , 这样便可以评估每一节臂的惯性对操作准确度的影响, 从而在下一步骤中, 使其相互抵消, 而是测量和操作更加准确。
在本发明的一种实施方式中, 甚至可以忽略掉惯性指标中的伸缩项, 从 而使计算更加简洁, 当然这样做的代价是使得惯性评估不够准确, 从而使惯 性抵消的效果降低, 但即使这样相对于现有技术也应具有显而易见的优势。
在图 1中, 可以根据本发明的上述实施方式来计算各节臂的惯性指标。 先不考虑转台 1的回转, 对于折叠臂 2来讲, 只有转动项, 没有伸缩项, 因 此 Ax2=a2 · m2 · Li · Ω 2 · sin α, Ay2=a2 · m2 · · Ω 2 · cos α, 其中数字 2 表示这些参数都是对应于折叠臂 2的参数, 以下的数字 3也应如此来理解。 对于伸缩臂 3 来讲, 既有转动项, 又有伸缩项, Ax3=a3 · m3 · L2 · Ω 3 · sin β +b3 · m3 · ν3 · cos β, Ay3=a3 · m3 · L2 · Ω 3 · cos β +b3 · m3 · v3 · sin β。
在步骤 240中,根据所述惯性指标来判断所述角速度和所述伸缩速度是 否满足驱动条件。
在一种实施方式中, 所述驱动条件为所述每一节臂的 Αχ之和以及所述 每一节臂的 Ay之和分别小于或等于一阈值。
在一种实施方式中, 可以设定一个阈值 K使得各节臂的 Ax之和 I∑AXI
以及各节臂的 Ay之和 I Σ ΑγΙ均小于等于 Αχ (在本发明的其它实施方式中也可 以通过其它规则来限制, 比如使 [(∑Ax)2+(∑Ay)2]1/2小于等于 K等等), 从而 在最大程度上抵消各节臂的惯性对吊钩位置控制精确度的影响。这里给出的 限制规则只是给出了上界, 在实际操作过程中, 可以根据起重机搬运的货物 需求 (比如贵重等级、 搬运准确度要求等等) 给出多个档位, 这些档位分别 对应于 I∑AXI和 l∑Ayl等于 Kl、 K2....Kn (Kl >Κ2>...>Κη) 的情况, 对精度 要求越高 Κ值就越小 (对于给定的 a和 b而言)。
如前文所述, 一旦对 a/b进行了确定, 并进一步对各节臂的转动惯性权 重之间的大小关系进行了确定,只要在随后对阈值 K进行选择时进行适当的 缩放便可实现相同的精度要求。 以单节臂为例, 若原来取 a=l, b=2, 达到 某一精度时需要 =常量 c, 则在 a=2, b=4的情况下, 达到同一精度需要 K= 常量 c X 2。
在一种优选的实施方式中,阈值 K对应于对吊钩偏离预期位置的距离的 限制, 在这种优选实施方式中, 和 Ay分别对应于由于所考虑的臂的转动 和伸缩运动使吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向偏离预期位置的位移。在这种实施 方式中, 通常将 K的范围限制为 5厘米 ~100厘米的范围。
由于规定起重臂包括至少两节臂, 且其中至少包括一节伸缩臂, 因此整 个起重臂至少具有三个自由度 (即至少三个变量), 而吊钩的运动轨迹要求 只是一个限制规则 (即一个方程), 并不能对该起重臂的操作进行完全的限 制, 因此还可以至少再增加一个限制 (即再增加一个方程), 从而通过惯性 指标来限制起重臂的操作是完全可以实现的, 不会出现由于无解而锁死的情 况, 事实上, 在现有的起重机控制方法中, 也需要对起重机各节臂的运动进 行一定的限制才能让起重臂不迟疑的自动行进,本发明中通过引入惯性指标 来限制起重臂的行进, 能够大大的改善对吊钩位置的控制精确度。
在步骤 250中,在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度满足所述驱动条件的情况
下, 按照所述角速度和伸缩速度来驱动各个液压缸以使所述吊钩运动。
如果所述角速度和所述伸缩速度不满足所述驱动条件,则返回为每一节 臂指定旋转的角速度并为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度的步骤,重新制定所述 角速度和所述伸缩速度, 并从新进行后续步骤, 直到获得满足要求的角速度 和速度为止。
在一种实施方式中, 由于系统参数测量的误差以及公式选择带来的误 差, 在精度要求较高的情况下, 对吊钩的控制精确度有可能达不到要求, 因 此, 在本发明的一种实施方式中, 还能够通过对吊钩位置的精确程度进行反 馈, 来修正惯性指标, 这种修正可以通过在惯性指标的公式中添加常数项来 实现,也可以通过修正惯性权重 a和 b来实现,所述修正可以是实时进行的, 也可以是在进行完一次搬运工作后,通过对该次搬运过程中的位置数据进行 统计来进行的。
在一种实施方式中, 所述起重机还包括由回转液压马达驱动回转的转 台, 从而所述方法还可以包括采集所述转台的回转角, 以及根据所采集的回 转角来驱动所述回转液压马达控制转台的回转。图 1中,转台 1的回转角(为 γ。
应该注意到, 惯性指标是与转台的转动无关的, 虽然转台的转动也具有 惯性, 也会影响吊钩在水平面内的运动的准确性, 但在水平面内的转动自由 度中, 只有这样一种运动, 故根据本发明的方法无法对该自由度内的转动惯 性的影响进行削弱或消除。
图 3示出了另一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法的流程图。该 方法中, 起重机具有转台以及至少两节臂, 所述至少两节臂中至少包括一节 伸缩臂, 所述吊钩连接在末节臂的外端, 每一节臂的转动和每一节伸缩臂的 伸缩分别由独立的液压缸进行控制,所述转台的转动由回转液压马达进行控 制。
与图 2相比,图 3中的方法添加了确定吊钩运动轨迹的步骤。在步骤 302 中, 首先确定所述吊钩的初始位置和目标位置。 吊钩位置的采集可通过位置 传感器来实现, 其中在一种实施方式中, 所述初始位置可以直接取为上一次 移动的目标位置。
在步骤 307中, 可以根据步骤 302中采集的位置, 再结合货物状况、 路 径要求、 搬运速度要求等众多因素中的至少一者来确定吊钩的预定运动轨 迹。 优选的, 可以尽量使吊钩按直线行进, 从而节省搬运时间。
根据所确定的预定运动轨迹, 可以驱动所有液压缸运动, 从而使吊钩按 照预定轨迹行进。
在步骤 310中, 可以设定周期性地采集每一节臂与水平面的夹角、 每一 节伸缩臂的长度和所述转台的回转角。
其中所述采集周期可以预先设定, 也可以根据吊钩的实际运动轨迹而动 态的进行规定。 比如, 在本发明的一种实施方式中, 可以实时监控吊钩的实 际位置,当吊钩的实际位置偏离预定轨迹达到一定的阈值时,便采集步骤 310 中所规定的各个参数。 最简单的方式, 还是定时采集, 每隔一个预先设定的 时间周期, 便对各个参数进行一次采集, 时间周期设定的越小, 采集的越频 繁, 对吊钩轨迹的控制就越准确, 当时间周期足够小时, 也可称其为 "实时 采集"。
在步骤 320中, 为每一节臂指定旋转的角速度, 为每一节伸缩臂指定伸 缩速度, 并为所述转台指定回转速度, 其中所述角速度、 所述伸缩速度和所 述回转速度能够使所述吊钩按照预定运动轨迹运动
在步骤 330中,分别根据为每一节臂所采集的夹角和为每一节伸缩臂所 采集的长度, 以及为每一节臂所指定的角速度和为每一节伸缩臂所指定的伸 缩速度来确定每一节臂的惯性指标。
在步骤 340中,根据所述惯性指标来判断所述角速度和所述伸缩速度是
否满足驱动条件。
在步骤 350中,在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度满足所述驱动条件的情况 下, 按照所述角速度和伸缩速度来驱动各个液压缸并按照所述回转速度来驱 动回转液压马达, 以使所述吊钩运动。
关于步骤 320-350的描述可参见图 2中的相关描述。
在图 3的方法中, 在确定了初始位置和目标位置, 并由此确定了预定的 运动轨迹之后, 各个液压缸开始驱动各节臂做初始运动, 该初始运动指的是 在当前的各节臂的初始参数条件(夹角和长度)下带动吊钩按照预定轨迹运 动。 一旦发生运动之后, 各节臂的参数都发生了改变, 如果不作调整, 吊钩 便会偏离设定的轨迹, 因此, 需要重新选择满足条件的角速度和速度, 也就 是需要对各个液压缸的设置进行调整, 以使参数变化后的各节臂继续带动吊 钩按照预定的轨迹运动。事实上,吊钩不可能严格按照预定的轨迹进行运动, 通常情况下, 如果吊钩偏离预定轨迹的距离在一定的范围之内, 便可认定吊 钩按照预定轨迹运动。 因此, 在上面的步骤 310中, 还可以根据吊钩偏离预 定轨迹的距离来确定是否对数据进行再次采集, 当然, 这需要附加的检测装 置,在优选的实施方式中,可以设定周期性的自动采集数据,采集周期越短, 对吊钩的位置控制也就越精确。
在以上所述的用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法中,规定了起重机 至少具有两节臂, 且其中至少具有一节伸缩臂, 这样规定一方面一般的起重 机是符合这种结构要求的, 另一方面也是为了使整个起重臂具有至少三个自 由度, 从而能够引入惯性指标对其进行限制。 当然, 本发明所提供的方法也 适用于不包括伸缩臂的起重机, 但这时需要具有至少三节臂, 从而保持自由 度至少为三。
本发明的各种方法对吊钩的运动轨迹进行控制,对吊钩的运动速度没有 进行限制, 在本发明所提供的各种方法的实施方式中, 都可规定起重机至少 具有高速和低速两种运行模式, 从而根据需求进行选择和切换。
通过本发明提供的用于控制折臂式起重机的吊钩的运动轨迹的方法, 引 入了惯性指标的概念,从而在控制吊钩的运动时对各节臂的惯性影响进行了 相互抵消, 提高了起重机对吊钩的运动轨迹控制的精确程度, 并能够提高起 重机的效率。
Claims
1. 一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法, 其中所述起重机具有 至少两节臂, 所述至少两节臂中至少包括一节伸缩臂, 所述吊钩连接在末节 臂的外端, 每一节臂的转动以及每一节伸缩臂的伸缩分别由液压缸进行控 制, 该方法包括:
采集每一节臂与水平面的夹角和每一节伸缩臂的长度;
为每一节臂指定旋转的角速度并为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度; 分别根据为每一节臂所采集的夹角和为每一节伸缩臂所采集的长度, 以 及为每一节臂所指定的角速度和为每一节伸缩臂所指定的伸缩速度来确定 每一节臂的惯性指标, 其中所述每一节臂的惯性指标为二元参数 (AX, Ay),
Ax是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在水平方向偏离预期位置的位移,
Ay是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在竖直方向偏离预期位置的位移; 根据所述惯性指标来判断所述角速度和所述伸缩速度是否满足驱动条 件; 以及
在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度满足所述驱动条件的情况下,按照所述角 速度和伸缩速度来驱动各个液压缸以使所述吊钩运动。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中该方法还包括:
在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度不满足所述驱动条件的情况下,返回为每 一节臂指定旋转的角速度并为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度的步骤。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中所述驱动条件为: 所述每一 节臂的 Αχ之和以及所述每一节臂的 Ay之和分别小于或等于一阈值。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中所述 A^^P Ay分别满足以下 公式:
Ax=a · m · L · Ω · sin a +b · m · v · cos a,
Ax=a · m · L · Ω · cos a +b · m · v · sin α ,
其中 a为转动惯性权重, a=(Axl 2 +Ayl 2 )1 2/(m · L · Ω ), b为伸缩惯性权 重, b=(Ax2 2 +Ay2 2 )1 2/(m * v),
其中 α为该节臂与水平面之间的夹角, L为该节臂的长度, Ω为该节臂 转动的角速度, V为该节臂的伸缩速度, m为该节臂的质量, Axl和 Ayl分别 为只让该节臂以角速度 Ω转动时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位移, Ax2和 Ay2分别为只让该节臂以速度 V进行伸缩时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位 移。
5. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中所述起重机还包括由回转液 压马达驱动回转的转台, 该方法还包括:
采集所述转台的回转角; 以及
根据所采集的回转角来驱动所述回转液压马达控制转台的回转。
6. 一种用于控制起重机的吊钩运动轨迹的方法, 其中所述起重机具有 转台以及至少两节臂, 所述至少两节臂中至少包括一节伸缩臂, 所述吊钩连 接在末节臂的外端, 每一节臂的转动和每一节伸缩臂的伸缩分别由液压缸进 行控制, 所述转台的回转由回转液压马达进行控制, 该方法包括:
确定所述吊钩的初始位置和目标位置;
根据所述初始位置和目标位置来设置所述吊钩的预定运动轨迹; 周期性地采集每一节臂与水平面的夹角、每一节伸缩臂的长度和所述转 台的回转角;
为每一节臂指定旋转的角速度, 为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度, 并为所 述转台指定回转速度, 其中所述角速度、 所述伸缩速度和所述回转速度能够 使所述吊钩按照预定运动轨迹运动;
分别根据为每一节臂所采集的夹角和为每一节伸缩臂所采集的长度, 以 及为每一节臂所指定的角速度和为每一节伸缩臂所指定的伸缩速度来确定 每一节臂的惯性指标, 其中所述每一节臂的惯性指标为二元参数 (AX, Ay),
Ax是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在水平方向偏离预期位置的位移,
Ay是由于该节臂的转动和伸缩运动使吊钩在竖直方向偏离预期位置的位移; 根据所述惯性指标来判断所述角速度和所述伸缩速度是否满足驱动条 件; 以及
在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度满足所述驱动条件的情况下,按照所述角 速度和伸缩速度来驱动各个液压缸, 并按照所述回转速度来驱动所述回转液 压马达, 以使所述吊钩运动。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中该方法还包括:
在所述角速度和所述伸缩速度不满足所述驱动条件的情况下,返回为每 一节臂指定旋转的角速度、为每一节伸缩臂指定伸缩速度并为所述转台指定 回转速度的步骤。
8. 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的方法, 其中所述驱动条件为: 所述每一 节臂的 Αχ之和以及所述每一节臂的 Ay之和分别小于或等于一阈值。
9. 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的方法, 其中所述 A^^P Ay分别满足以下 公式:
Ax=a · m · L · Ω · sin a +b · m · ν · cos a,
Av=a · m · L · Ω · cos a +b · m · v · sin α , 其中 a=(Axl 2+Ayl 2)12/(m'L* Ω), b=(Ax2 2 +Ay2 2 )12/(m · v), 其中 α为该节臂与水平面之间的夹角, L为该节臂的长度, Ω为该节臂 转动的角速度, V为该节臂的伸缩速度, m为该节臂的质量, Axl和 Ayl分别 为只让该节臂以角速度 Ω转动时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位移, Ax2和 Ay2分别为只让该节臂以速度 V进行伸缩时吊钩在水平方向和竖直方向的位 移。
10. 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的方法, 其中在所述周期性地采集每一节 臂与水平面的夹角、 每一节伸缩臂的长度和所述转台的回转角的步骤中, 还 能够在所述吊钩偏离预定轨迹的距离超过一阈值时采集以上各项数据。
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| CN105339570B (zh) * | 2013-04-11 | 2018-06-19 | 利勃海尔混凝土泵有限公司 | 具有可旋转桅杆或臂架的工作设备的移动件 |
| EP3257805A1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-20 | Cargotec Patenter AB | Hydraulic crane |
| WO2017215876A1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-21 | Cargotec Patenter Ab | Hydraulic crane |
| US10836613B2 (en) | 2016-06-13 | 2020-11-17 | Cargotec Patenter Ab | Hydraulic crane |
| EP3553015B1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2025-05-14 | HMF Group A/S | Crane and method for operating a crane |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102040160B (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
| CN102040160A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
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