WO2012026391A1 - 立体表示装置 - Google Patents

立体表示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012026391A1
WO2012026391A1 PCT/JP2011/068682 JP2011068682W WO2012026391A1 WO 2012026391 A1 WO2012026391 A1 WO 2012026391A1 JP 2011068682 W JP2011068682 W JP 2011068682W WO 2012026391 A1 WO2012026391 A1 WO 2012026391A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display device
liquid crystal
pixels
pixel
polarizing plate
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Application number
PCT/JP2011/068682
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
津村　誠
犬塚　達基
杉田　辰哉
真一郎 岡
夕香 内海
Original Assignee
株式会社日立製作所
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Publication of WO2012026391A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012026391A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/317—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using slanted parallax optics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/324—Colour aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133707—Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stereoscopic display device.
  • Patent Document 1 uses a parallax barrier for autostereoscopic display. Specifically, one light emission of the backlight 2 that emits light in a planar shape is provided for the pixels of the number of viewpoints of the stereoscopic image, and the pixels are arranged in the reverse order of the color order of the color filters built in the color liquid crystal panel 1. There is described a liquid crystal stereoscopic display device provided with a color filter for converting into a set of minute light emission of each color of red, blue, and green having a width slightly larger than the viewpoint multiple of the width.
  • Patent Document 2 In Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 2006-515934 (Patent Document 2), an image that looks three-dimensional to one or more viewers is obtained by using a wavelength filter array or a grayscale filter array without using additional assistance such as glasses. A device for enabling projection.
  • a stereoscopic display device configured by combining a display in which RGB subpixels are arranged in a plane and a parallax barrier, an observer observes the subpixel through a gap in the parallax barrier.
  • the display of the left and right visible subpixels is different, so that each subpixel corresponds to the position of the left and right eyes.
  • the stereoscopic view is configured by performing the above. However, color unevenness is observed when the color types and the number of sub-pixels that pass through the parallax barrier are not uniform due to the above positional relationship.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic display device that reduces moiré and misalignment between a barrier and a stereoscopic display device.
  • a stereoscopic display device having a display device configured by arranging a plurality of pixels in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and a light beam control unit that creates parallax in the horizontal direction of the display device, wherein the plurality of pixels are The subpixels of K color (K ⁇ 3) are arranged in the vertical direction, the horizontal length of the subpixel is Sh, the vertical length of the subpixel is Sv, and the shift amount of the plurality of pixels is When Psh (0 ⁇ Psh ⁇ 1), Sh> Sv, and among the plurality of pixels, the arrangement of pixels adjacent in the vertical direction is shifted by Sh ⁇ Psh in the horizontal direction. Display device.
  • the stereoscopic display device includes a transmission part and a light shielding part, and the transmission part and the light shielding part extend in a vertical direction.
  • the light beam control unit is a cylindrical lens.
  • the light beam control unit includes a transmission unit and a light shielding unit, and switches between stereoscopic display and planar display by controlling the transmittance of the light shielding unit.
  • the display device includes an illumination device and a liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal cell, a lower polarizing plate, and an upper polarizing plate, and the upper polarizing plate is the liquid crystal cell.
  • the lower polarizing plate is disposed on the back side with respect to the liquid crystal cell, and the light control unit is disposed between the upper polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell.
  • the display device includes an illumination device and a liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal cell, a lower polarizing plate and an upper polarizing plate, and the upper polarizing plate is the liquid crystal cell.
  • the lower polarizing plate is disposed on the back side with respect to the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal cell includes a liquid crystal layer, a TFT substrate, and a color filter substrate, and the color filter substrate Is disposed on the viewer side with respect to the liquid crystal layer, the TFT substrate is disposed on the back side with respect to the liquid crystal layer, and the light control unit is disposed between the upper polarizing plate and the color filter substrate.
  • a stereoscopic display device characterized by separating sub-pixels of (K ⁇ 3).
  • K 4
  • the pixel includes the red subpixel, the green subpixel, the blue subpixel, and the white subpixel. 3D display device.
  • the screen content of the display device A three-dimensional display device characterized by changing Y based on the above.
  • the apparatus includes a supply device that supplies a display signal to the display device, and includes a parameter common circuit and a display signal conversion circuit between the display device and the supply device, and the common parameter And a display signal conversion circuit that converts the display signal into a signal suitable for the display device based on the shared parameter. 3D display device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vicinity of one subpixel of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the vicinity of one subpixel of a color filter substrate of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • the schematic diagram which shows the structure of 1 sub pixel vicinity of the active matrix substrate of the display apparatus which concerns on one Example.
  • 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one pixel in a display device according to an embodiment.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • the schematic diagram of the drive circuit which concerns on one Example.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of a part of a black matrix pattern according to an embodiment.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel layout of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the display device of this embodiment.
  • a parallax barrier 130 is disposed on the viewer side of the display device 1. The contents of the present invention will be described based on the directions shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the display device 1 includes a parallax barrier 130, a liquid crystal panel 120, an optical sheet 17, and a light source unit 110 (illumination device).
  • the liquid crystal panel 120 includes a liquid crystal cell 15, an upper polarizing plate 11 and a lower polarizing plate 12.
  • the upper polarizing plate 11 is disposed on the viewer side with respect to the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the lower polarizing plate 12 is disposed on the back side with respect to the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the upper polarizing plate 11 and the lower polarizing plate 12 sandwich the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the parallax barrier 130 is disposed on the viewer 406 side of the upper polarizing plate 11 with respect to the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • a viewing angle compensation layer 13 is disposed between the liquid crystal cell 15 and the lower polarizing plate 12. In some cases, the viewing angle compensation layer 13 is not disposed.
  • the light source unit 110 is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the optical sheet 17 is disposed between the liquid crystal cell 15 and the light source unit 110.
  • the light source unit 110 supplies light to the liquid crystal panel 120 via the optical sheet 17.
  • the parallax barrier 130 is illustrated as a part of the display device 1, but the parallax barrier 130 may be provided separately from the display device 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vicinity of one picture element of the liquid crystal panel according to the present embodiment (in this embodiment, one sub-pixel constituted by three dots of R, G, and B pixels).
  • the liquid crystal cell 15 includes a liquid crystal layer 21, an alignment control film 22, an alignment control film 23, an active matrix substrate 31, a color filter substrate 32, a common electrode 33, a scanning electrode 34, a pixel electrode 35, a signal electrode 36, a gate.
  • the insulating film 37, the protective insulating film 38, the semiconductor film 41, the color filter layer 42, the overcoat layer 43, the black matrix 44, the common electrode wiring 46, the columnar spacer 47, and the pixel electrode wiring 48 are included.
  • an alignment control film 22 and an alignment control film 23 for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction are formed on each of the active matrix substrate 31 and the color filter substrate 32.
  • a polyamic acid composed of 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as an acid dianhydride and m-phenylenediamine as a diamine compound is printed on a substrate surface,
  • the alignment control film 22 and the alignment control film 23 are formed by irradiating ultraviolet polarized light while heating at 180 ° C. by irradiation with far infrared rays.
  • a sealing agent is applied to the periphery of one substrate, a nematic liquid crystal composition is applied by an inkjet method, and the active matrix substrate 31 and the color filter substrate 32 are made to face each other to assemble the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the dielectric anisotropy is +3.3 (1 kHz, 20 ° C.) and the refractive index anisotropy is 0.099 (wavelength 589 nm, 20 ° C.).
  • the retardation ( ⁇ nd) of the liquid crystal panel 120 is about 0.37 ⁇ m at a wavelength of 550 nm. In this embodiment, the retardation ( ⁇ nd) of the liquid crystal panel 120 is a measured value at a wavelength of 550 nm in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the lower polarizing plate 12, the upper polarizing plate 11, and the viewing angle compensation layer 13 are attached to the liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the polarization axis of the polarizing layer included in one polarizing plate is substantially parallel to the liquid crystal alignment direction
  • the polarizing axis of the polarizing layer included in the other polarizing plate is orthogonal to the liquid crystal alignment direction.
  • “Substantially parallel” means that the absolute value of the angle between the polarization axis of the polarizing layer included in one of the lower polarizing plate 12 and the upper polarizing plate 11 and the liquid crystal alignment direction is 0 degree or more and 1 degree or less.
  • a drive circuit (not shown), a light source unit 110, and the like were connected to the liquid crystal panel 120 to form a module, and the display device 1 was obtained.
  • a normally closed method is adopted in which black is displayed when no voltage is applied or a low voltage is applied, and white is displayed at a high voltage.
  • Examples of the light source of the light source unit 110 include a direct type using a three-wavelength fluorescent tube, a direct type using a light emitting diode or a side light (edge light) type, and a planar light source using an organic EL.
  • the optical sheet 17 is a direct type or a planar light source, a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet, a prism sheet, a polarization conversion sheet, or the like is used.
  • a light guide plate is required for the optical sheet 17.
  • the fluorescent tube may be a hot cathode tube, a cold cathode tube, an external electrode type, or the like.
  • a so-called lateral electric field driving (IPS) method of a liquid crystal display device is described.
  • the IPS system is characterized by little color shift even when observed from an oblique direction, and is suitable for a stereoscopic display device.
  • a display method other than the IPS method may be used.
  • the present embodiment is described based on a liquid crystal display device, but is not limited thereto.
  • a display device such as an organic light emitting display device (OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a plasma display may be used.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the vicinity of one subpixel of the color filter substrate of the display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the color filter substrate 32 is disposed on the viewer side with respect to the liquid crystal layer 21.
  • a black matrix 44 is formed on the color filter substrate 32.
  • the black matrix 44 is formed through the steps of coating, pre-baking, exposure, developing, rinsing, and post-baking by a photolithography method that is a regular method using a black resist.
  • the thickness of the black matrix 44 is set so that the optical density is 3 or more.
  • the black matrix 44 may be formed by stacking the color filter layers 42 instead of the black resist.
  • the color filter layer 42 was formed through the steps of coating, pre-baking, exposing, developing, rinsing, and post-baking using three colors of color resists in accordance with a conventional photolithography method.
  • the film thickness of the color filter layer 42 is set to 3.0 ⁇ m for blue, 2.8 ⁇ m for green, and 2.7 ⁇ m for red. Note that the thickness of the color filter layer 42 may be adjusted as appropriate for the desired color purity or the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 21.
  • the black matrix 44 is formed so as to surround one subpixel and is formed in a region overlapping the scanning electrode 34 of the active matrix substrate 31.
  • a color filter substrate 32 on which the color filter layer 42 is formed by a method generally called an ink jet method may be used.
  • the RGB primary color additive color mixing method is used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a four-primary color or five-primary-color display method with yellow or cyan added may be used, a method for lightening part of the primary colors, or an RGBW method with a transparent layer added.
  • the active matrix substrate 31 and the color filter substrate 32 are opposed to each other.
  • a so-called color filter on array method in which the color filter layer 42 is formed on the active matrix substrate 31 may be used.
  • an overcoat layer 43 is formed on the color filter layer 42 for the purpose of planarization and protection of the color filter layer 42.
  • the overcoat layer 43 is cured by ultraviolet irradiation (for example, i-line) and heating after application.
  • a thermosetting resin is used for the overcoat layer 43, the overcoat layer 43 is cured at a predetermined temperature and a predetermined time after application.
  • the color filter layer 42 is formed relatively flat in the pixel, and the liquid crystal contamination is caused by exudation of compounds such as compounds, reaction initiators, impurities, etc., which are resin unit structures that are not sufficiently crosslinked from the color filter layer 42.
  • the overcoat layer 43 may not be formed.
  • a columnar spacer 47 is formed on the black matrix 44 sandwiched between the blue subpixels.
  • the columnar spacer 47 is formed with a height of about 3.8 ⁇ m using a photosensitive resin by a photolithography method and an etching process which are usual methods.
  • the formation position of the columnar spacer 47 can be formed at an arbitrary position as needed, and is not limited to the present embodiment. Alternatively, a method of selectively arranging at a predetermined position using a ball spacer may be used.
  • FIG. 4 shows a pixel layout of the display device of this embodiment.
  • a pixel 352 is configured by arranging RGB sub-pixels 351 in the vertical direction. The pixels 352 adjacent in the vertical direction are shifted in the horizontal direction by a length shorter than the horizontal length of the pixel 352. Pixels 352 that are adjacent in the horizontal direction match in the vertical direction. The coincidence may include manufacturing errors.
  • a plurality of pixels 352 are arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to form a display device. In order to perform stereoscopic display, as described above, display is performed by combining a plurality of pixels (sub-pixels) corresponding to the viewpoint position of the observer.
  • This combination is not based on a physical configuration on the display screen, but based on what display is performed on which pixel by a display signal from the outside.
  • a combination of pixels serving as a unit of stereoscopic display is referred to as a pixel set 353, and a configuration method thereof will be described.
  • the aspect ratio of the RGB sub-pixel 351 is 1: 3.
  • the horizontal length (Sh) of the RGB three-color sub-pixel 351 may be larger than the vertical length (Sv) in order to approximate the shape of the pixel 352 to a square.
  • the vertical lengths (Sv) of the sub-pixels 351 may be varied in order to achieve a color balance that combines the three colors to produce white light emission.
  • the horizontal length (Sh) of each sub-pixel 351 is assumed to be uniform.
  • a value (ratio) obtained by dividing the amount of shift in the horizontal direction of the pixel 352 adjacent in the vertical direction by Sh is defined as a shift amount (Psh) of the pixel 352.
  • the number of pixels in the vertical direction is set to two as the reciprocal of Psh (1 / Psh).
  • the cumulative amount of vertical pixel shift in the pixel set 353 is the horizontal length of the sub-pixel 351. In this way, a pixel set 353 having the same shape can be repeatedly arranged on a plane. Note that the number of pixels in the vertical direction of the pixel set 353 is not limited to this.
  • the number of pixels included in the pixel set 353 matches the number of viewpoints
  • S ⁇ Psh is not a natural number
  • the shape of the pixel set 353 is arranged while being inverted upside down.
  • the number of viewpoints S 3
  • the number of pixels included in the pixel set 353 is three.
  • the number of pixels in the vertical direction is two and the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 1.5.
  • the shape of the pixel set 353 is a triangle ⁇ having one pixel in the upper stage and two pixels in the lower stage, and a triangle ⁇ that is inverted upside down. If these triangles are arranged in the horizontal direction with no gap, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . On the other hand, when the number of viewpoints S is an even number, the pixel sets 353 are repeatedly arranged in the same direction in the horizontal direction without gaps.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration in the vicinity of one subpixel of the active matrix substrate of the display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the active matrix substrate 31 is disposed on the back side with respect to the liquid crystal layer 21.
  • a common electrode (common electrode) 33 made of ITO (indium-tin-oxide), a scanning electrode (gate electrode) 34 made of Mo / Al (molybdenum / aluminum), and a common electrode A wiring (common wiring) 46 is formed.
  • the common electrode wiring 46 is formed so as to overlap the common electrode 33.
  • a gate insulating film 37 made of silicon nitride is formed so as to cover the common electrode 33, the scan electrode 34, and the common electrode wiring 46.
  • a semiconductor film 41 made of amorphous silicon or polysilicon is disposed on the scan electrode 34 via a gate insulating film 37.
  • the semiconductor film 41 functions as an active layer of a thin film transistor (TFT) as an active element.
  • a signal electrode (drain electrode) 36 made of Cr / Mo (chromium / molybdenum) and a pixel electrode (source electrode) wiring 48 are disposed so as to overlap a part of the pattern of the semiconductor film 41.
  • a protective insulating film 38 made of silicon nitride is formed so as to cover the semiconductor film 41, the signal electrode 36 and the pixel electrode wiring 48.
  • the electrode material is not limited to this embodiment, and may be optically substantially transparent zinc oxide or IZO (indium-zinc oxide).
  • the wiring may contain copper.
  • the protective insulating film 38 may be an organic insulating film that is optically substantially transparent. As shown in FIG. 5, a pixel electrode (source electrode) 35 made of ITO is connected to a metal (Cr / Mo) pixel electrode wiring 48 through a through hole 45 formed in the protective insulating film 38. The pixel electrode 35 is disposed on the protective insulating film 38.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of one pixel in the display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the common electrode 33 is planarly formed in a plane, and the pixel electrode 35 is inclined by about 8 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction, which is the long side direction of the pixel. It is formed in a comb-teeth shape.
  • the signal electrode 36 is bent into a “U” shape in units of three RGB lines at the pixel end and the center and arranged in a meander shape.
  • the common electrode 33 in the long side direction between the sub-pixels 351 is connected to the signal electrode 36 by the common electrode wiring 46.
  • the common electrode wiring 46 is used as a connection wiring between the sub-pixels 351.
  • the common electrode wiring 46 is further reduced and stabilized.
  • voltage writing to the pixel electrode 35 can be realized.
  • the common electrode wiring 46 crosses the signal electrode 36 and the pixel electrode 35. Since the common electrode wiring 46 is made of an opaque metal, the common electrode wiring 46 functions as a part of the black matrix 44 that blocks unnecessary light from the light source unit 110. Further, by configuring the black matrix 44 and the double light shielding as described above, the light shielding property can be further improved and the contrast ratio can be increased. Further, as a method of lowering the resistance value of the common electrode wiring 46, adjacent common electrode wirings 46 or common electrodes 33 in the short side direction are connected by a through hole through a Mo / Al metal layer, and the scanning electrode 34 is overcome. A method of connecting to the common electrode wiring 46 of the pixel in the short side direction 6 can also be used.
  • the drive circuit of the display device of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the drive circuit configuration in the present embodiment is substantially the same as the conventional display device except that display is performed using image information including parallax information as image information.
  • an image signal and a control signal transferred from an image source and a control circuit are input to the signal driving circuit 202 and the scanning driving circuit 201, and the scanning voltages G1 to Gm, the signal voltages Q1 to Qn, and the common voltage Vcom are input.
  • Each is applied to the scanning electrode 34, the signal electrode 36, and the common electrode 33 of the pixels 352 arranged in a matrix array.
  • the signal voltages Q1 to Qn are written to the pixel electrodes 35 of the pixels 352 in the row selected by the scanning voltages G1 to Gm, and the transmittance changes depending on the potential difference with the common voltage Vcom. It is possible to display a desired image by controlling the color tone and luminance of each sub-pixel 351 by the emission wavelength characteristics of the light source and the transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal and the color filter layer 42.
  • the display device 1 is provided with a parallax barrier 130 as a light beam control unit.
  • the parallax barrier 130 includes a slit 403 and a light shielding unit 404 that serve as a transmission part.
  • the subpixel 351 that can be observed by the observer 406 is determined depending on the positional relationship between the slit 403 and the subpixel 351.
  • the width of the light-shielding portion 404 is made larger than the width of the slit 403 to increase the number of pixels corresponding to the viewpoint position (that is, angle resolution).
  • the left and right signals are displayed on the sub-pixels 351 that are visible to the left and right eyes of the observer 406, respectively.
  • the parallax barrier 130 creates parallax in the horizontal direction of the display device 1.
  • the slit 403 has periodicity in the left-right direction, and allows light rays to pass therethrough.
  • the light shielding unit 404 blocks light rays.
  • the light shielding portion 404 also enters the field of view.
  • the light shielding unit 404 reflects illumination light from the outside, it may be an obstacle to observing the display on the liquid crystal panel 120. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the reflectance of the light shielding unit 404 on the viewer 406 side.
  • the surface of the light shielding unit 404 on the viewer 406 side is black.
  • the light incident from the outside is absorbed by the light shielding unit 404, the light incident from the outside, reflected by the light shielding unit 404, and directed toward the observer 406 is reduced, and interference of observation can be suppressed.
  • produces between the light-shielding part 404 and the liquid crystal panel 120 can be suppressed. That is, the light that is repeatedly reflected between the light shielding portion 404 and the liquid crystal panel 120 is reduced in the mixing of light rays due to being emitted from the openings of the plurality of different slits 403, and deterioration in image quality can be suppressed.
  • the slit 403 and the light shielding portion 404 constituting the parallax barrier 130 have a structure extending in the vertical direction, it is easy to match with the vertical direction (for example, a part constituting the outer frame) of the display panel.
  • the manufacturing variation factor is in the horizontal and vertical directions, quality control is easier than in the step barrier method.
  • the present invention does not limit the constituent members of the slit 403 and the light shielding portion 404.
  • You may comprise by the member made by a certain printing process, or the member made by an etching process.
  • the transmittance of the slit 403 and the light shielding portion 404 is configured using a material (for example, a liquid crystal material) that can be changed by an electrical effect, and the transmittance of each of the slit 403 and the light shielding portion 404 is electrically switched. May be.
  • the slit 403 and the light-shielding portion 404 are configured by a combination of segment areas in a manner similar to that of a liquid crystal display for segment display (display by a shape area called a segment rather than a display by a combination of pixels). 130 is configured.
  • the slit 403 and the light-shielding portion 404 are totally transmissive (does not function as a parallax barrier), a two-dimensional display is obtained.
  • the slit 403 is transmissive and the light-shielding portion 404 is non-transmissive (functions as a parallax barrier).
  • 3D display is possible. In accordance with the switching, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional display signals are switched.
  • the slit 403 may be provided between the liquid crystal cell 15 and the upper polarizing plate 11, or may be provided between the upper polarizing plate 11 and the color filter substrate 32.
  • the light shielding portion 404 may be formed by printing or etching.
  • a transparent film or the like on which the light shielding portion 404 is formed as the parallax barrier 130 may be attached to the liquid crystal panel 120.
  • a spacer may be provided between the parallax barrier 130 and the liquid crystal panel 120, or a gap may be provided.
  • a switching element that can dynamically control the transmittance of the light shielding portion 404 may be used as a slit to switch between stereoscopic (3D) display and planar (2D) display. As the switching element, a liquid crystal device different from the display panel can be used.
  • the observation distance of the stereoscopic image, the position of the slit 403, and the pitch of the slit 403 can be obtained in the same manner as in the normal parallax barrier method.
  • the relationship between the distance between the slit 403 and the sub-pixel 351 and the optimum observation distance from the slit 403 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, the case of four viewpoints is shown.
  • the relationship between the distance between the slit 403 and the sub-pixel 351 and the observation distance is determined so that different viewpoint images can be seen by the right eye 401 and the left eye 402 through the same slit 403.
  • the space between the slit 403 and the sub-pixel 351 is air.
  • the end point may be any of the above.
  • the pitch of the slits 403 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the pitch P s of the slits 403 is determined so that images of the same viewpoint can be seen when viewed with the same eye. Therefore, when the number of viewpoints is N, the pitch P s of the slits 403 is And it is sufficient. If the pitch P s of the slits 403 is constant, a similar stereoscopic image can be obtained from anywhere.
  • the slit 403 is formed by printing or etching, the thickness of the slit 403 is sufficiently smaller than L o and L s . Therefore, the thickness of the slit 403 is not included in the above equation. Further, if or when observation distance a large screen is short, when the smaller to the outer from the center pitch P s of the slits 403, it is possible to reduce crosstalk when viewed from the center of the liquid crystal display .
  • the space between the sub-pixel 351 and the slit 403 is filled with a medium having a refractive index n as in the case where the slit 403 is provided on the color filter substrate 32, the light is refracted when entering the medium. Therefore, the above relationship may be corrected in consideration of the optical path of the refracted light.
  • the distance L s between the slit 403 and the sub-pixel 351 is replaced with L s / n and the arrangement is obtained from the above formula.
  • the bending of the optical path at the interface is obtained using Snell's law, and the interval L s between the slit 403 and the subpixel 351 may be replaced in accordance with the actual optical path. Even when media having different refractive indexes are stacked, the distance L s between the slit 403 and the sub-pixel 351 may be adjusted according to the thickness and refractive index of each medium.
  • the brightness of the screen and the smoothness of the image when the viewpoint is moved can be realized by matching the width of the slit 403 with the pitch of the sub-pixels 351. Further, when the width of the slit 403 is made smaller than the pitch of the sub-pixels 351, crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints is reduced, and the stereoscopic effect of stereoscopic display can be improved. Further, when the width of the slit 403 is made larger than the pitch of the sub-pixels 351, the aperture ratio of the slit 403 is increased, the screen can be brightened, and images with different viewpoints can be switched smoothly without feeling uncomfortable even when the viewpoint is moved. . Thus, in this embodiment, the width of the slit 403 is not limited.
  • observation area can be enlarged by the same method as the parallax barrier method. For example, if the black matrix 44 between the sub-pixels 351 is widened, the observation area can be enlarged.
  • stereoscopic display is performed by periodically combining horizontally extending openings and slits in the pixel layout shown in FIG. 4 and viewing the pixels of the display device.
  • the black matrix 44 and the like are ignored for the sake of simplicity. Since the direction of the opening of the slit 403 and the direction in which the RGB subpixels 351 are stacked are the same vertical direction, the combination of the three colors of the RGB subpixels 351 can be seen through the slit 403. As the pixel shift amount is larger, the sub-pixels 351 of the adjacent viewpoints are mixed, so that the viewpoint switching becomes smoother. Regardless of the pixel shift amount, the slit width, and the observation position, the RGB sub-pixels 351 forming the pixel are always observed simultaneously through the slit 403.
  • the pixel layout of this embodiment stabilizes the luminance and color, and makes the viewpoint switching smooth.
  • the arrangement of the pixels 352 is symmetric in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the frequency components of the arrangement of the pixels 352 are not biased in the oblique direction, so that it is stabilized visually.
  • the parallax barrier method using the slit 403 is not limited, and for example, a lenticular method may be used.
  • the lenticular method includes a lens (such as a cylindrical lens or a microlens) instead of the slit 403.
  • the cylindrical lens can realize parallax without providing the light shielding portion 404. Thereby, a bright display can be realized.
  • the principle of associating viewpoints and pixels is the same as that of the parallax barrier method.
  • the above pixel layout can also be applied to the lenticular method. By performing viewpoint switching and condensing with a lens, luminance reduction due to the slit 403 is suppressed.
  • the lens has a new positional relationship indicated by the focal length.
  • the observer corresponds to magnifying and viewing the subpixel 351 through the lens.
  • the observation position is moved to the left and right to move across the RGB subpixels 351, and the color change is easily seen.
  • the pixel layout having the horizontal shift of the present invention even if the observation position is moved to the left and right, the RGB three-color sub-pixels 351 are moved while being mixed, and the occurrence of color unevenness is suppressed. In this way, when the lenticular lens is applied to the present invention, a display device that improves brightness without causing uneven color can be realized.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device will be described.
  • the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the signal electrode 36 is arranged at the center of the pixel, and the light-shielding common electrode wiring 46 is arranged below the signal electrode 36.
  • the display area of one pixel is divided into two areas on the left and right, that is, the (a) area and the (b) area. Divided.
  • the black matrix 44 is uniformly formed at the center and the left and right of the sub-pixel 351. Thereby, the insertion pattern of the black matrix 44 becomes constant regardless of the shift amount of the subpixel 351.
  • RGB indicates hues of red, green, and blue
  • suffixes such as ij indicate pixel positions
  • (a) indicates left pixels
  • (b) indicates right pixels.
  • the black matrix 44 blocks part of the light incident on the display device 1.
  • the opening area determined by the superposition of the black matrix 44 and the vertical stripe-shaped slit openings and the parallax position of the observer changes.
  • the width of the slit 403 is equal to or narrower than the horizontal width of the opening of the pixel 352
  • pixels in which the black matrix 44 cannot be seen at all and pixels in which the black matrix 44 can be seen exist alternately depending on the parallax position.
  • the light blocking portion 404 of the black matrix 44 has a matrix shape penetrating vertically and horizontally. That is, the black matrix 44 separates each of the RGB sub-pixels 351 within one pixel. Thereby, the amount of the black matrix 44 that can be seen for each pixel can be made constant regardless of the slit width. It is possible to prevent a change in luminance for each pixel and improve the uniformity of luminance in the screen.
  • Psh ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 the signal electrode 36 is arranged in accordance with Psh, so that the pattern of the black matrix 44 is the same in the left-right direction in any pixel line.
  • FIG. 12 another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device will be described.
  • the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the shape of the pixel 352 in which the RGB three-color sub-pixels 351 are stacked is not square, but the shape of the pixel set 353 is approximated to the square. Specifically, the shape of the RGB sub-pixel 351 is determined so as to satisfy 3Sv> Sh.
  • FIG. 13 another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device will be described.
  • the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • RGB sub-pixels 351 are stacked in the order of RGB from the top is referred to as a sequential arrangement. At this time, sub-pixels 351 of the same color are arranged on the horizontal line, and the same color is repeated in a cycle of three sub-pixels 351 in the vertical direction.
  • the stacking order of the sub-pixels 351 is changed by the pixels 352 as shown in FIG. That is, the colors of the subpixels 351 adjacent in the horizontal direction are made different. Accordingly, the period of the color in the vertical direction shorter than that of the RGB sub-pixel 351 can be expressed, and the frequency component of the two-dimensional frequency that can be displayed by the display device is increased.
  • a mosaic arrangement Such an arrangement in which the colors of the subpixels 351 adjacent in the horizontal direction in the pixel set 353 are different from each other is referred to as a mosaic arrangement. This embodiment does not limit the order of colors in the mosaic arrangement.
  • FIG. 14 another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device will be described.
  • the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • Luminance may decrease due to light shielding of the slit 403. If the width of the slit 403 is increased, the luminance is improved, but the adjacent pixels 352 are mixed to reduce the stereoscopic effect.
  • a white (W) sub-pixel 351 is added to the RGB sub-pixel 351.
  • the RGB sub-pixels 351 each transmit a wavelength width of about one third of visible light, whereas the W sub-pixel 351 transmits all wavelengths of visible light.
  • one pixel is divided into three by RGB sub-pixels 351, one-third of the incident light is emitted from the entire pixel.
  • one pixel is divided into four by RGBW, one half of the incident light is emitted from the entire pixel.
  • the display device 1 using the RGBW sub-pixel 351 has a luminance that is 1.5 times higher than that of the display device using the RGB sub-pixel 351.
  • the RGBW sub-pixels 351 are all viewed at the same time, whereas in the 3D display, the sub-pixels 351 viewed through the slit 403 vary depending on the observation angle. At this time, the W sub-pixel 351 is visible or invisible, and the luminance unevenness increases.
  • the RGBW sub-pixels 351 are arranged in the vertical direction. Accordingly, since the RGBW sub-pixel 351 can be seen without depending on the width of the slit 403 and the observation angle, luminance and color unevenness are suppressed.
  • the configuration of the drain (source) line is the same as when the RGB sub-pixels 351 are arranged in the vertical direction, but there are four gate lines per pixel.
  • the location of the W sub-pixel 351 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 14.
  • the W sub-pixel 351 may be disposed between the R sub-pixel 351 and the G sub-pixel 351.
  • the addition of the W sub-pixel 351 may cause deterioration in image quality such as a decrease in saturation.
  • a decrease in saturation is suppressed by providing means for adjusting the magnitude of the W signal according to the display content and the observation environment.
  • the additional subpixel described above is W (white), but this does not mean that the spectral distribution is strictly constant. If the saturation is lower than that of the three RGB colors, it can be regarded as the same as W (white), and an effect of improving luminance can be obtained.
  • subpixels of some color such as CMY (cyan, magenta, yellow) other than RGB may be used.
  • FIGS. 15A to 15C another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device will be described.
  • the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the pixel set 353 corresponding to the number of viewpoints is the minimum unit of display.
  • the horizontal size of the pixel set 353 is determined by the relationship between the slit 403 and the number of viewpoints (pixel set 353).
  • the vertical size of the pixel set 353 is not physically restricted by the slit 403. Therefore, the number of viewpoints and the shape of the pixel set 353 corresponding to the number of viewpoints are locally variably controlled based on the screen content of the liquid crystal panel 120 (display device). As described above, since the shape of the pixel set 353 can be changed depending on how the display signal is generated, it can be variably controlled locally within the screen.
  • the reason for changing the shape of the pixel set 353 is the relationship between the resolution and the number of viewpoints.
  • the number of viewpoints increases or decreases according to the number of pixels included in the pixel set 353. As the number of pixels in the pixel set 353 increases, the number of viewpoints can be increased, which is effective in increasing the stereoscopic effect.
  • the size in the vertical direction that is not restricted by the shape of the slit 403 is changed.
  • the size of the pixel set 353 increases the size of the pixel set 353 in the vertical direction, and at this time, the resolution in the vertical direction decreases.
  • the resolution and the number of viewpoints can be determined based on the content of the display signal. For example, it is assumed that a resolution is desired because an image area including a character graphic includes many thin lines, whereas a stereoscopic effect is desired for an image area obtained by taking a photograph.
  • the size of the pixel set 353 (that is, the size in the vertical direction) is variably controlled so as to be small in the character graphic region and large in the photographic image region.
  • the region here is larger than the pixel set 353 to be controlled, but the shape and size are not limited.
  • Measured results such as changes in signal amplitude, two-dimensional frequency components, or the number of colors included in the input display signal can be used as a method for distinguishing between character figures and photographic images. For example, it is determined that a region where the signal value has a large amplitude includes a character graphic. It is determined that a region including many high frequency components includes a character graphic. A region having a large number of colors (that is, the number of combinations of RGB three-color signal values) is determined to include a photographic image.
  • FIGS. 15A to 15C show an example in which the pixel set 353 with the shift amount of the pixel 352 being 1/3 and 12 viewpoints is transformed into 8 viewpoints and 4 viewpoints.
  • the vertical size of each pixel set 353 is 3, 2, 1, and a thin horizontal line can be displayed.
  • the vertical size of the pixel set 353 is locally controlled based on the screen contents. For example, an edge included in the display signal is detected by an edge detection unit using a two-dimensional filter or a determination unit using a pattern matching method.
  • the display signal included in the region corresponding to the pixel set 353 does not include a horizontal edge (a sudden change component of the display signal)
  • the image quality is not deteriorated even if the horizontal resolution is reduced. Therefore, the number of viewpoints is reduced, and the size of the pixel set 353 is reduced.
  • a device called a television receiver includes, in addition to the display device 1, a device that receives broadcast signals, a device that converts received signals into RGB signals for display, a signal processing circuit for improving image quality, and the like. Built in combination.
  • a recording device or the like is disposed outside the television receiver, and the television receiver and the recording device are connected by a signal line.
  • a pixel 352 is configured by a combination of RGB sub-pixels 351, a screen is configured with the pixel 352 as a unit, and the screen is temporally repeated, whereby an image is displayed on the display.
  • the above apparatus operates on the premise that the pixel configurations are common, and does not include a countermeasure when it is not common.
  • parameters such as the shape of the pixel set 353 as a basic unit of stereoscopic display, the layout of the pixel 352 including pixel shift, and the arrangement of the sub-pixels 351 in the pixel 352 are not fixed.
  • the display signal supplied to such a display device 1 must match the characteristics of the display device 1.
  • the parameters are confirmed and shared between the display device 1 and the supply device that supplies the display signal to the display device 1, and then signal conversion is performed based on the contents.
  • a parameter sharing circuit for sharing parameters related to stereoscopic display by mutual communication, and display signal conversion for performing signal conversion based on the content Provide a circuit.
  • each of a display device that performs stereoscopic display and a display signal supply device includes a communication unit and communicates between them.
  • the display device 1 that performs stereoscopic display and the display signal supply device there is a method of preparing a circuit for setting parameters relating to stereoscopic display for both.
  • the display signal conversion circuit may be disposed on either the display signal supply device side or the display device side, or may be disposed outside the display panel.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a communication procedure between the television receiver and the display device 1 of the present invention.
  • a communication procedure (protocol) for sharing parameters is exchanged between the television receiver 501 for supplying display signals and the display device 1.
  • a communication means is prepared.
  • An example is shown in which transmission of a display signal is started after making both parameters common by performing communication based on a communication procedure when the power is turned on.
  • the television receiver 501 on the display signal sending side inquires of the display device 1 about the device capability.
  • This capability includes screen size (number of vertical and horizontal pixels), display color type (RGB, etc.), 3D display capability, and the like.
  • the display device 1 notifies that there is a 3D display capability as a response.
  • the television receiver 501 makes an inquiry about the 3D system of the display device 1 in order to perform signal processing in itself.
  • the display device 1 notifies, for example, the parallax barrier method and the layout of the subpixel 351 as a response. Based on these pieces of information, the television receiver 501 generates a signal for display and outputs it, and the display device 1 displays the received display signal.
  • the signal is adapted to the shape of the pixel set 353 of the display device 1 that performs stereoscopic display, the layout of the pixel 352 including the pixel shift, the arrangement of the sub-pixels 351 in the pixel 352, and the like.
  • 3D display is performed by conversion.
  • a cable for transmitting a display signal may be used for communication, or a dedicated cable for communication may be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
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