WO2012024938A1 - 软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置 - Google Patents

软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012024938A1
WO2012024938A1 PCT/CN2011/072900 CN2011072900W WO2012024938A1 WO 2012024938 A1 WO2012024938 A1 WO 2012024938A1 CN 2011072900 W CN2011072900 W CN 2011072900W WO 2012024938 A1 WO2012024938 A1 WO 2012024938A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting device
shield machine
soft rock
scraper
rock shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/072900
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李建斌
何於琏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Railway Tunneling Equipment Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Railway Tunneling Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Railway Tunneling Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical China Railway Tunneling Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to US13/516,236 priority Critical patent/US8696068B2/en
Publication of WO2012024938A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012024938A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/108—Remote control specially adapted for machines for driving tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
    • E21D9/115—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads with cutting tools mounted pivotably or slidable on the head

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a cutting device in a shield machine, and particularly relates to a cutting device with a variable diameter function in a shield machine for soft rock construction.
  • soft rock refers to loose, scattered, soft and weak rock layers with low strength, large porosity, poor degree of cementation, significant influence on structural surface cutting and weathering, or a large amount of expansive clay minerals.
  • Most of the rocks are mudstone, shale, siltstone and argillaceous sandstones with uniaxial compressive strength less than 25 MPa, which are naturally formed complex geological media.
  • Shield machines suitable for construction in soft rock formations are called soft rock shield machines.
  • the cutting device in the soft rock shield machine currently used is composed of a cutter head body and various tools fixedly mounted thereon.
  • the diameter of the cutting device is designed according to the diameter of the tunnel.
  • the diameter of the tunnel excavation is controlled by the radial size of the cutter head body of the soft rock shield machine and the side scraper disposed thereon.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a cutting device which can conveniently adjust the radial dimension of the cutting device, stabilize or change the diameter of the tunnel excavation, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the soft rock shield machine to engineering and geology during construction. .
  • the soft rock shield machine of the present invention has a cutting device with a small range of variable diameter function, which is composed of a cutter head, a cutter mounted on the cutter head, and a side scraper telescopic mechanism, a hydraulic control device and a wear limit detecting device.
  • a side scraper is arranged on each side of at least one end of the tapping groove in the cutter disc, and the two scraper blades are symmetrical with respect to a radial center line of the tapping groove, and the two scraper blades are coupled with a telescopic mechanism to expand and contract
  • the mechanism is installed in the slag discharge groove of the cutter head; the telescopic mechanism is driven by a drive cylinder in the hydraulic control device, the drive cylinder has a displacement sensor built therein, and the displacement sensor is connected to the central rotary joint of the hydraulic control device through the data line, and the center rotary joint
  • the oil port communicates with the driving cylinder through the oil pipe;
  • the wear limit detecting head in the wear limit detecting device is mounted on the sleeve extending radially along the cutter head, and the wear limit detecting head is insulated with an insulated wire, one end of the wire and the control circuit The common end is connected, and the other end is connected to the alarm device through a center swivel joint.
  • the telescopic mechanism is composed of two sets of side scraper seat plates, two sets of connecting rods connected with two sets of side scraper seat plates and one supporting beam connected with two sets of connecting rods; the top plate of the oil cylinder is located at the support beam of the telescopic mechanism Below, the displacement sensor is located below the piston rod in the drive cylinder, the drive cylinder is fixed on the fixed support, and the fixed support is welded on the two inner side walls of the slag discharge tank.
  • each of the side scrapers is bolted to an edge scraper slide, and both ends of the scraper slide are connected to one end of one of the side scraper seats, and the scraper slide is scraped by the both ends of the scraper seat Clamping, the other end of each side of the blade holder is coupled to one end of a connecting rod, and the other end of each connecting rod is fixed to the supporting beam.
  • the wear limit detecting head is a hollow bolt which is screwed on a sleeve extending radially along the cutter head, and the hollow bolt is filled with an insulated wire, and the hollow bolt is filled with epoxy resin, and one end of the insulated wire is The bolt head is bonded.
  • the alarm device in the wear limit detecting device of the present invention is composed of a relay, an alarm lamp and a buzzer, and the other end of the hollow bolt through which the insulated wire is inserted passes through the casing into the center swivel joint and the alarm device.
  • One connection end of the relay ring is connected, the other connection end of the relay coil is connected with the power line, one end of the alarm lamp and the buzzer is connected with the common end of the control circuit, and the other end is connected to the power line through the normally closed contact of the relay. .
  • the outer part of the driving cylinder has an inner sheath
  • the outer sheath has an outer sheath on the outer side
  • a guiding block is arranged between the inner sheath and the outer sheath, and the guiding block is fixedly connected with the outer sheath, and the inner wall of the guiding block is
  • the outer wall of the inner sheath is gap-fitted;
  • the upper top surface of the inner sheath is fixed to the lower bottom surface of a bearing seat, and the upper top surface of the bearing seat is connected with the top plate of the oil cylinder;
  • the bearing seat is provided with a bearing, the outer circumference of the bearing and the bearing seat
  • the inner bore has an interference fit, and the inner bore of the bearing is matched with the outer diameter of the piston rod in the drive cylinder.
  • a signal line connected to a displacement sensor in a drive cylinder is connected to an industrial computer through a center swivel joint and a signal processing module.
  • a side scraper is attached to one or both of the slag grooves in the cutter head.
  • the device of the invention can accelerate the excavation process of the cutter head, and once the scraper reaches the preset wear limit value, it can timely protrude and perform wear compensation, thereby ensuring that the excavation diameter of the cutter disc is substantially maintained.
  • this device can also meet certain special engineering requirements, such as construction during curved section construction or steering correction and when the geological conditions are poor, and the construction of the hole is convergent; The function of digging the diameter. Due to the device of the present invention, the cutting diameter of the cutting device can be adjusted within a certain range, which is obviously superior to the use of the existing cutting device, which can improve the work efficiency, ensure the engineering quality, and ensure the operator's Personal safety.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an actuator in the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the cutting device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the M portion of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the P portion of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the N portion of Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of detecting the wear limit of the cutter cutter;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic control principle of the variable diameter cutting device
  • a cutting device with a small range of reducing function in a soft rock shield machine which comprises a cutter head, a cutter mounted on the cutter head, a side scraper and a side scraper telescopic mechanism, a hydraulic control device and a wear limit detecting device composition.
  • a side scraper 1 is attached to each of the ends of a tapping groove 7 of the cutter head 40.
  • the two side scrapers are symmetrical with respect to the radial center line of the dross groove.
  • the two side scrapers 1 are coupled to a telescopic mechanism which is mounted in the tapping groove 7 of the cutter head 40.
  • the telescopic mechanism is composed of a pair of left and right side scraper seat plates 2, a pair of right and left connecting rods 3 connected to the left and right side scraper seat plates 2, and a support beam 4 connected to the two sets of connecting rods 3 .
  • the set of side scraper seats 2 in this embodiment are two side scraper seat plates, and one set of connecting rods 3 is two connecting rods.
  • each side scraper 1 is fixed on one side scraper slide 5 by screws, and the two ends of the scraper slide 5 are connected to one end of one side scraper seat plate, and the scraper slide seat 5 is two
  • the side scraper seat plate 2 is clamped, and the other end of each side scraper seat plate 2 is coupled to one end of a connecting rod 3, and the other end of each connecting rod 3 is fixed to the support beam 4.
  • the extension and contraction of the telescopic mechanism are driven by a drive cylinder 6 in the hydraulic control unit.
  • the upper end of the piston rod 13 in the drive cylinder 6 in the hydraulic control device is adjacent to the support beam 4 in the telescopic mechanism, and the displacement sensor 21 is disposed under the piston rod 13, and the displacement sensor 21 is rotated by the signal line 29 and the center in the hydraulic control device.
  • the joint 10 is connected, and the oil port on the center rotary joint 10 communicates with the drive cylinder 6 through the oil pipe 11; the bottom surface 33 of the drive oil cylinder 6 is connected to the fixed support 32 by bolts, and the fixed support 32 is welded to the inner side walls of the tapping groove. .
  • the oil tank 43 in the hydraulic control device is provided with a relief valve 42.
  • a bidirectional hydraulic lock 28 and an electromagnetic reversing valve 27 are arranged between the driving cylinder 6 and the hydraulic oil pump 41.
  • the scraper 1 is extended or contracted.
  • the amount of displacement back the signal line 29 connected to the displacement sensor 21 in the drive cylinder 6, is connected to the industrial computer through the center swivel joint 10 and the signal processing module.
  • the displacement amount of the side scraper 1 is displayed in real time on the display screen of the industrial computer (that is, the length of the piston rod 13 of the driving cylinder is extended and contracted).
  • the direction of movement of the side scraper is ensured, and the bending moment transmitted to the piston rod by the side scraper during rock breaking is reduced, and the seal in the protection cylinder 6 is protected from damage.
  • a cylinder top plate 36 is also disposed on the upper side of the cylinder 6; an inner sheath 16 is disposed on the outside of the driving cylinder 6, and an outer sheath 14 is disposed on the outer side of the inner sheath 16, and a guide is provided between the inner sheath 16 and the outer sheath 14.
  • Blocks 37 and 15, the guide block 15 is fixed to the outer sheath 14, and the inner wall of the guide block 15 is clearance-fitted with the outer wall of the inner sheath 16; a space is provided between the lower surface of the cylinder top plate 36 and the upper top surface of the inner sheath 16
  • the bearing housing 34, and the upper top surface of the bearing housing 34 is connected to the cylinder top plate 36, the upper top surface of the inner sheath 16 is fixed to the lower bottom surface of the bearing housing 34, and the outer circumference of the bearing 35 mounted in the bearing housing 34 is
  • the inner bore of the bearing housing 34 is interference fit, and the inner bore of the bearing 35 is clearance-fitted with the outer diameter of the piston rod 13 in the drive cylinder 6; the bottom of the outer jacket 14 is bolted to the bottom surface 33 of the drive cylinder 6.
  • the wear limit detecting device of the cutting device having a small range of variable diameter function in the soft rock shield machine is composed of a wear limit detecting head, a wire and an alarm device.
  • the alarm device consists of a relay 22, an alarm light 25 and a buzzer 26.
  • the wear limit detecting head 17 of the wear limit detecting device is mounted on a sleeve 18 extending radially along the cutter head 40.
  • the wear limit detecting head 17 is provided with an insulated wire 19, one end of which is connected to the common end 38 of the control circuit ( Ground wire) connected. The other end is connected to the coil of the relay 22 in the alarm device through the center swivel joint 10; the wear limit detecting head 17 in this embodiment employs a hollow bolt which is mounted on the sleeve 18 which is radially extended along the cutter head 40. In order to make them bond firmly, a conductive adhesive can be used to bond the bolt to the sleeve.
  • the hollow bolt is filled with an insulated wire 19, and the hollow bolt 17 is filled with an epoxy resin 20 to fix the insulated wire 19.
  • one end of the wire 19 can be bonded to the bolt head by a conductive adhesive, and the other end of the wire 19 is connected to a connection end of the relay coil 22 in the alarm device.
  • the other end of the relay 22 coil is connected to the power line 44, the alarm lamp 25 and the buzzer 26-end are connected to the common end (ground) of the control loop, and the other end is passed through the normally closed contact 24 of the relay and the power line 44. Connected.
  • the wear limit detecting head 17 of the wear limit detecting device has a material similar to that of the side scraper and has the same hardness, so that it is synchronized with the wear of the side scraper 1.
  • the bolt head is not worn or worn to a preset wear limit
  • one end of the wire is connected to the frame by the bolt head (grounding) Connected to the common terminal, so that the relay is energized, its normally closed contact 24 is open, and the alarm light and buzzer are not connected; when the bolt head is worn to a preset wear limit, the relay loses power.
  • the normally closed contact 24 is closed, so that the circuit of the alarm light and the buzzer is turned on, and an audible and visual alarm is issued, prompting the operator to extend the side scraper to perform wear compensation to achieve the purpose of maintaining the diameter; at this time, the operator presses The lower button energizes the left coil of the solenoid valve 27, and the solenoid valve spool is in the left position.
  • the hydraulic oil from the oil pump 41 passes through the left position of the electromagnetic reversing valve 27, the oil port 8 on the center rotary joint 10, the oil pipe 11 and the two-way.
  • the hydraulic lock 28 enters the lower cavity of the driving cylinder 6, and the piston rod 13 is extended.
  • a side squeegee and a side squeegee expansion mechanism are attached, and a side squeegee and a side squeegee expansion mechanism can be attached to both of the slag discharge grooves 7 as needed.
  • the telescopic mechanism may also adopt a structure in which the left and right side scrapers are respectively coupled to one end of one of the side scraper seat plates, and the other ends of the two side scraper seat plates 2 are respectively fixed to both ends of the support beam.
  • the wear limit detecting head 17 of the wear detecting device can also adopt a hollow tube closed at one end.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder protection inner sleeve 16 and the cylinder protection outer casing 14 may be square or circular.
  • the guide slide 5 and the guide block 15 can be made of engineering plastic, brass or other materials with good wear resistance.
  • the reduction range of the cutter head is set between 0 and 150 mm, which is a small range of reduction. .
  • the displacement sensor 21 can be a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, or an eddy current displacement sensor, a Hall sensor, etc., and their mounting positions should be determined according to actual needs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置
技术领域
本发明属于盾构机中的切削装置， 尤其涉及软岩施工的盾构机中具有变径 功能的切削装置。
背景技术
根据国际岩石力学会的定义， 所谓软岩是指强度低、 孔隙度大、 胶结程度 差、 受构造面切割及风化影响显著或含有大量膨胀性粘土矿物的松、 散、 软、 弱岩层， 该类岩石多为泥岩、 页岩、 粉砂岩和泥质砂岩等单轴抗压强度小于 25 MPa的岩石， 是天然形成的复杂的地质介质。
适合于在软岩地层中施工的盾构机称为软岩盾构机。 目前使用的软岩盾构 机中的切削装置是由刀盘本体与固定安装其上面的各种刀具共同组成。 切削装 置的直径是按隧道的开挖直径设计的。 在软岩地层中施工， 隧道开挖直径的大 小， 是由软岩盾构机的刀盘本体及其上面所配置的边刮刀的径向尺寸来控制。 现在， 国内外既有的软岩盾构机中， 由刀盘本体及其上面所配置的边刮刀所决 定的径向尺寸在出厂时已经确定， 不能根据地质状况及工程需要自动调节边刮 刀的径向尺寸， 除非由作业人员"带压"进入土舱进行边刮刀的更换， 以满足对不 同开挖尺寸的要求。 这是一种费工、 费时、 成本高和存在人身安全隐患的方法; 在某些复杂的地质条件下， 作业人员甚至根本无法进入土舱并靠近刀盘。 这样 就会因刀盘开挖隧道的直径不能保持不变而影响工程质量； 也不能在曲线段施 工或者转向纠偏时以及地质条件较差出现洞身收敛时， 扩大边刮刀的径向尺寸 以保证工程质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够很方便地对切削装置的径向尺寸进行调 节， 稳定或改变隧道开挖直径的切削装置， 从而增强软岩盾构机在施工中对工 程与地质的适应性。
本发明目的是通过以下技术方案实现的： 本发明的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 它由刀盘、 装配 在刀盘上的切刀、 及边刮刀伸缩机构、 液压控制装置和磨损极限检测装置所组 成， 刀盘中至少有一个出渣槽端部的两边各安装一个边刮刀， 这两个边刮刀以 出渣槽的径向中心线为左右对称， 这两个边刮刀与一个伸缩机构相连结， 伸缩 机构安装在刀盘的出渣槽内； 伸缩机构由液压控制装置中的驱动油缸驱动， 驱 动油缸内置有位移传感器， 位移传感器通过数据线与液压控制装置的中心回转 接头连通， 中心回转接头上的油口通过油管与驱动油缸相通； 磨损极限检测装 置中的磨损极限检测头装在沿刀盘径向伸出的套管上， 磨损极限检测头内穿有 绝缘导线， 导线的一端与控制回路的公共端相接， 另一端通过中心回转接头与 报警装置相连。
所述的伸缩机构由两组边刮刀座板， 与两组边刮刀座板相连结的两组连接 杆和与两组连接杆相连接的一个支撑梁所组成； 油缸顶板位于伸缩机构的支撑 梁下边， 位移传感器位于驱动油缸中活塞杆的下面， 驱动油缸固定在固定支座 上， 固定支座焊接在出渣槽的两内侧壁上。
本发明中每个边刮刀靠螺栓固装在一个边刮刀滑座上， 这个边刮刀滑座的 两端各与一个边刮刀座板的一端相连， 且边刮刀滑座被两端的边刮刀座板夹紧， 每个边刮刀座板的另一端与一个连接杆的一端相连结， 每个连接杆的另一端与 支撑梁固接。
本发明中磨损极限检测头是一个空心螺栓， 它靠螺紋旋装在沿刀盘径向伸 出的套管上， 空心螺栓内穿有绝缘导线， 空心螺栓中填充环氧树脂， 绝缘导线 一端与螺栓头粘结。
本发明中磨损极限检测装置中的报警装置由继电器、 报警灯和蜂鸣器构成， 空心螺栓内穿有绝缘导线的另一端穿过套管进入中心回转接头与报警装置中的 继电器圈的一个连接端相连接， 继电器线圈另一个连接端与电源线相连接， 报 警灯和蜂鸣器一端与控制回路的公共端连接， 另一端通过继电器的常闭触点与 电源线相连接。 本发明中驱动油缸的外部有一个内护套， 内护套外边有一个外护套， 内护 套与外护套之间有导向块， 导向块与外护套固连， 导向块的内壁与内护套的外 壁间隙配合； 内护套的上顶面与一个轴承座的下底面固接， 轴承座的上顶面与 油缸顶板相连接； 轴承座内装有轴承， 轴承的外圆周与轴承座的内孔过盈配合， 轴承的内孔与驱动油缸内的活塞杆的外径间隙配合。 本发明中与驱动油缸内的位移传感器相连的信号线， 通过中心回转接头和 信号处理模块与工业计算机相连。
本发明中刀盘中 1个或 2个出渣槽端部安装有边刮刀。
本发明的装置可以在刀盘旋转开挖的过程中， 一旦边刮刀达到事先设定的 磨损极限值时， 它能够适时地伸出进行磨损补偿， 因此保证了刀盘的开挖直径 基本保持不变； 另外这种装置还能满足某些特殊的工程要求， 如在曲线段施工 或者转向纠偏时以及地质条件较差出现洞身收敛时的施工； 因为这种情况下就 需要切削装置具备调节开挖直径的功能。 由于本发明中的装置， 对切削装置的 切削直径可以在一定的范围内调节， 显然要比使用现有的切削装置优越， 它能 提高工作效率， 且能保证工程质量， 并确保了操作者的人身安全。
附图说明
图 1为本发明中执行机构的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明中切削装置的左视示意图；
图 3为图 1中 M部位的放大图；
图 4为图 2中 P部位的放大图；
图 5为图 1中的 A-A剖视示意图；
图 6为图 1中 N部位的放大图； 图 7为刀盘刀具磨损极限检测原理示意图；
图 8为变径切削装置的液压控制原理示意图
具体实施方式
实施例 1
一种软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 它由刀盘、 装配在刀 盘上的切刀、 边刮刀及其边刮刀伸缩机构、 液压控制装置和磨损极限检测装置 所组成。
刀盘 40的一个出渣槽 7端部的两边各安装一个边刮刀 1， 这两个边刮刀以 出渣槽的径向中心线为左右对称。 这两个边刮刀 1与一个伸缩机构相连结， 伸 缩机构安装在刀盘 40的出渣槽 7内。 伸缩机构由左右各一组边刮刀座板 2， 与 左右各一组边刮刀座板 2相连结的左右各一组连接杆 3和与这两组连接杆 3相 连接的一个支撑梁 4所组成。 本实施例中的一组边刮刀座板 2为两个边刮刀座 板， 一组连接杆 3为两个连接杆。 安装方式为： 每个边刮刀 1靠螺钉固装在一 个边刮刀滑座 5上， 这个边刮刀滑座 5的两端各与一个边刮刀座板的一端相连， 且边刮刀滑座 5被两端的边刮刀座板 2夹紧， 每个边刮刀座板 2的另一端与一 个连接杆 3的一端相连结， 每个连接杆 3的另一端与支撑梁 4固接。 伸缩机构 的伸与缩由液压控制装置中的驱动油缸 6驱动。
液压控制装置中的驱动油缸 6内的活塞杆 13的上端靠近伸缩机构中的支撑 梁 4， 活塞杆 13的下面置有位移传感器 21， 位移传感器 21通过信号线 29与液 压控制装置中的中心回转接头 10连通， 中心回转接头 10上的油口通过油管 11 与驱动油缸 6相通； 驱动油缸 6的底面 33通过螺栓与固定支座 32相连， 固定 支座 32焊接在出渣槽的两内侧壁上。 液压控制装置中的油箱 43上装有溢流阀 42， 驱动油缸 6与液压油泵 41之间装有双向液压锁 28， 电磁换向阀 27; 为了 使操作人员清楚的了解边刮刀 1伸出或缩回的位移量， 与驱动油缸 6内的位移 传感器 21相连的信号线 29， 通过中心回转接头 10和信号处理模块与工业计算 机相连。 这样在工业计算机的显示屏上就会实时显示出边刮刀 1的位移量 （即 为： 驱动油缸活塞杆 13伸、 缩的长度值）。 为了使伸缩机构的伸、 缩运行平稳、 准确， 保证边刮刀的运动方向， 并减 小边刮刀在破岩时传递到活塞杆上的弯矩， 保护油缸 6内的密封免受损坏， 在 驱动油缸 6的上边还置有油缸顶板 36;在驱动油缸 6的外部装有一个内护套 16， 内护套 16外边有一个外护套 14，内护套 16与外护套 14之间有导向块 37和 15， 导向块 15与外护套 14固连， 导向块 15的内壁与内护套 16的外壁间隙配合； 在油缸顶板 36的下面与内护套 16的上顶面之间设置一个轴承座 34， 且轴承座 34的上顶面与油缸顶板 36相连接，内护套 16的上顶面与轴承座 34的下底面固 接， 轴承座 34内所装的轴承 35的外圆周与轴承座 34的内孔过盈配合， 轴承 35 的内孔与驱动油缸 6内的活塞杆 13的外径间隙配合； 外护套 14的底部靠螺栓 安装在驱动油缸 6的底面 33上。
这种软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置中的磨损极限检测装置 由磨损极限检测头、 导线和报警装置所组成。 报警装置由继电器 22、 报警灯 25 和蜂鸣器 26构成。
磨损极限检测装置的磨损极限检测头 17装在沿刀盘 40径向伸出的套管 18 上， 磨损极限检测头 17内穿有绝缘导线 19， 导线 19的一端与控制回路的公共 端 38 (地线） 相连接。 另一端通过中心回转接头 10与报警装置中的继电器 22 的线圈相连； 本实施例中的磨损极限检测头 17采用一个空心螺栓， 空心螺栓装 在位于沿刀盘 40径向伸出的套管 18上， 为使它们结合牢固， 可采用导电胶将 螺栓与套管粘结。 空心螺栓内穿有绝缘导线 19， 空心螺栓 17中填充环氧树脂 20， 起固定绝缘导线 19的作用。 为了确保导线与螺栓头可靠的电接连， 可采用 导电胶将导线 19一端与螺栓头粘结， 导线 19的另一端与报警装置中的继电器 线圈 22的一个连接端相连接。继电器 22线圈另一个连接端与电源线 44相连接， 报警灯 25和蜂鸣器 26—端与控制回路的公共端 （地线） 连接， 另一端通过继 电器的常闭触点 24与电源线 44相连接。
在施工过程中， 磨损极限检测装置的磨损极限检测头 17的材料与边刮刀相 似， 硬度相同， 因而与边刮刀 1的磨损同步进行。 当螺栓头没有被磨损或没有 磨损到预先设定的磨损极限值时， 导线一端通过螺栓头与机架相连 （搭铁） 即 与公共端相连， 这样继电器得电， 其常闭触点 24是断开的， 报警灯和蜂鸣器均 不接通； 当螺栓头被磨损到预先设定的磨损极限时， 继电器失电， 其常闭触点 24闭合， 使报警灯和蜂鸣器所在电路接通， 发出声光报警， 提示操作人员将边 刮刀伸出， 进行磨损补偿， 达到保径的目的； 此时， 操作人员按下按钮， 使电 磁阀 27左边线圈得电， 电磁阀阀芯处于左边位置， 来自油泵 41的液压油通过 电磁换向阀 27的左位、 中心回转接头 10上的油口 8、 油管 11以及双向液压锁 28进入到驱动油缸 6的下腔， 使活塞杆 13伸出， 通过支撑梁 4、 连接杆 3、 座 板 2带动边刮刀 1向外滑动， 向外滑动的方向是沿与刀盘半径平行的方向。 要 使边刮刀缩回，液压油通过电磁换向阀 27的右位、中心回转接头 10上的油口 9、 油管 12以及双向液压锁 28进入到驱动油缸 6的上腔， 活塞杆 13向里滑动， 通 过支撑梁 4、 连接杆 3、 座板 2带动边刮刀 1向里缩回， 由此可知： 本发明中的 软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 具有双向变径的功能， 既可以 扩径， 也可以缩径， 可根据需要使用。
本发明中刀盘 40的至少一个出渣槽 7中安装有边刮刀及其边刮刀伸缩机 构， 根据需要可以在两个出渣槽 7中均安装有边刮刀及其边刮刀伸缩机构。
本实施例中， 伸缩机构也可采用左右边刮刀分别与一个边刮刀座板的一端 相连结， 而两个边刮刀座板 2的另一端分别与支撑梁的两端固连的结构形式。
磨损检测装置的磨损极限检测头 17也可采用一端封闭的空心管。
油缸保护内套 16与油缸保护外套 14的横截面形状可以是正方形， 也可以 是圆形。
导向滑座 5与导向块 15可用工程塑料、 黄铜或其他减磨性能良好的材料制 成。
刀盘的变径范围设定在 0~150mm之间， 是一种小范围的变径。。
位移传感器 21可用磁致伸缩式位移传感器， 也可用电涡流位移传感器、 霍 尔式传感器等， 它们的安装位置应根据实际需要确定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 它由刀盘、 装配在 刀盘上的切刀、 及边刮刀伸缩机构、 液压控制装置和磨损极限检测装置所组成， 其特征在于： 刀盘中至少有一个出渣槽端部的两边各安装一个边刮刀， 这两个 边刮刀以出渣槽的径向中心线为左右对称， 这两个边刮刀与一个伸缩机构相连 结， 伸缩机构安装在刀盘的出渣槽内； 伸缩机构由液压控制装置中的驱动油缸 驱动， 驱动油缸内置有位移传感器， 位移传感器通过数据线与液压控制装置的 中心回转接头连通， 中心回转接头上的油口通过油管与驱动油缸相通； 磨损极 限检测装置中的磨损极限检测头装在沿刀盘径向伸出的套管上， 磨损极限检测 头内穿有绝缘导线， 导线的一端与控制回路的公共端相接， 另一端通过中心回 转接头与报警装置相连。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 其特征在于： 所述的伸缩机构由两组边刮刀座板， 与两组边刮刀座板相连结的 两组连接杆和与两组连接杆相连接的一个支撑梁所组成； 油缸顶板位于伸缩机 构的支撑梁下边， 位移传感器位于驱动油缸中活塞杆的下面， 驱动油缸固定在 固定支座上， 固定支座焊接在出渣槽的两内侧壁上。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 其特征在于： 每个边刮刀靠螺栓固装在一个边刮刀滑座上， 这个边刮刀滑座的 两端各与一个边刮刀座板的一端相连， 且边刮刀滑座被两端的边刮刀座板夹紧， 每个边刮刀座板的另一端与一个连接杆的一端相连结， 每个连接杆的另一端与 支撑梁固接。
4、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切 削装置， 其特征在于： 磨损极限检测头是一个空心螺栓， 它靠螺紋旋装在沿刀 盘径向伸出的套管上， 空心螺栓内穿有绝缘导线， 空心螺栓中填充环氧树脂， 绝缘导线一端与螺栓头粘结。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 其特征在于： 磨损极限检测装置中的报警装置由继电器、 报警灯和蜂鸣器构成， 空心螺栓内穿有绝缘导线的另一端穿过套管进入中心回转接头与报警装置中的 继电器圈的一个连接端相连接， 继电器线圈另一个连接端与电源线相连接， 报 警灯和蜂鸣器一端与控制回路的公共端连接， 另一端通过继电器的常闭触点与 电源线相连接。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 其特征在于： 驱动油缸的外部有一个内护套， 内护套外边有一个外护套， 内护 套与外护套之间有导向块， 导向块与外护套固连， 导向块的内壁与内护套的外 壁间隙配合； 内护套的上顶面与一个轴承座的下底面固接， 轴承座的上顶面与 油缸顶板相连接； 轴承座内装有轴承， 轴承的外圆周与轴承座的内孔过盈配合， 轴承的内孔与驱动油缸内的活塞杆的外径间隙配合。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 其特征在于： 与驱动油缸内的位移传感器相连的信号线， 通过中心回转接头和 信号处理模块与工业计算机相连。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的软岩盾构机中具有小范围变径功能的切削装置， 其特征在于： 刀盘中 1个或 2个出渣槽端部安装有边刮刀。
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