WO2012023548A1 - スケール付着抑制性に優れた表面処理金属材、およびその製造方法、並びに熱交換器または海水蒸発器 - Google Patents
スケール付着抑制性に優れた表面処理金属材、およびその製造方法、並びに熱交換器または海水蒸発器 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/042—Prevention of deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/23—Condensed phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/362—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also zinc cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/368—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing magnesium cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/086—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from titanium or titanium alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated metal material used for a heat exchanger, a seawater evaporator, and the like, a manufacturing method thereof, a heat exchanger configured by arranging the surface-treated metal material, a seawater evaporator, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated metal material that is excellent in adhesion prevention of scales mainly composed of calcium carbonate.
- titanium materials for example, plate heat exchangers
- seawater evaporators seawater desalination devices
- titanium materials titanium alloy materials
- stainless steels that are corrosion resistant and have high heat conductivity are often used ( These may be collectively referred to as “metal materials”).
- a small amount of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO 3 ⁇ ) is contained in water that comes into contact with metal materials such as ground water and tap water. Therefore, when water is heated by a heat exchanger or a seawater evaporator, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is generated according to the following reaction formula (1), and the scale mainly composed of calcium carbonate is formed on the surface of the metal material. It is known to adhere.
- a scale remover for efficiently performing maintenance for scale removal has also been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a scale remover containing oxycarboxylic acid, sulfamic acid, and ammonium sulfate as active ingredients has been proposed, and it has been shown that scale attached to the surface of a metal material can be efficiently removed.
- the above technique does not suppress the adhesion of the scale itself, and it is not a technique that can reduce the maintenance frequency, but solves the decrease in heat transfer itself due to the adhesion of the scale mainly composed of calcium carbonate to the metal material. is not.
- the present invention has been made under the circumstances as described above, and its object is to provide a surface-treated metal material excellent in adhesion prevention of scale mainly composed of calcium carbonate, and such a surface-treated metal material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a useful method for manufacturing, and a heat exchanger or a seawater evaporator configured by arranging the surface-treated metal material as described above.
- the surface-treated metal material of the present invention that has solved the above problems is a surface-treated metal material having a modified base material surface made of titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel (particularly, made of titanium or titanium alloy).
- the P concentration is 1.0 atomic% or more
- the above-described problem of the present invention is a surface-treated metal material having a modified base material surface made of titanium, a titanium alloy, or stainless steel (particularly, made of titanium or a titanium alloy) and having a depth of 200 nm from the outermost surface.
- the P concentration is 1.0 atomic% or more, and the concentration of one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Mg is 1.0 atomic% or more in total. It can also be solved by adopting.
- the P concentration is 1.0 atomic% or more, and at least one metal element concentration selected from the group consisting of Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mg” Means that the P concentration is 1.0 atomic% or more at any position from the outermost surface to a depth of 10 nm or 200 nm, and Sn, Co, Ni, It means that the concentration of one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Fe, Zn and Mg is 1.0 atomic% or more in total.
- the substrate may be immersed.
- the solution preferably further contains hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
- Surface treatment is performed by arranging the various surface-treated metal materials as described above in a heat transfer section that circulates water or seawater as a medium so that the modified surface is in contact with water or seawater.
- the scale mainly composed of calcium carbonate on the metal material is suppressed, and a metal heat exchanger or seawater evaporator that can reduce the maintenance frequency can be realized.
- the P concentration is 1.0 atomic% or more from the outermost surface to a depth of 10 nm or from the outermost surface to a depth of 200 nm, and from Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mg
- concentration of one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of 1.0 atomic% or more in total adhesion of scales mainly composed of calcium carbonate is suppressed, and metal heat that can reduce maintenance frequency It is extremely useful as a material for exchangers and seawater evaporators.
- Experiment No. 2 is a drawing-substituting SEM photograph showing the state of scale adhesion on the surface of the titanium material in FIG.
- Experiment No. 5 is a drawing-substituting SEM photograph showing the scale adhesion state of the titanium material surface in FIG.
- the present inventor has studied from various angles in order to realize a surface-treated metal material that suppresses adhesion of scales mainly composed of calcium carbonate.
- a layer in which at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mg is coexisted on the surface of the metal base material together with P (phosphorus) (hereinafter referred to as “ It has been found that the formation of a modified layer (sometimes referred to as a “modified layer”) is excellent in scale adhesion suppression, and the present invention has been completed.
- titanium material made of titanium or a titanium alloy material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “titanium material”) or stainless steel, together with P (phosphorus), Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mg
- the modified layer formed on the surface of the metal substrate is in a state where the interface (boundary) with the base metal material cannot be clearly distinguished, but from the outermost surface (modified layer surface) to a depth of 10 nm or a depth of 200 nm.
- the thickness of the modified layer is 10 nm or more or 200 nm or more, and this thickness is 10 nm or more or 200 nm or more.
- the concentration in the modified layer can be known by examining the concentration at these deep positions.
- the P concentration at 10 nm depth or 200 nm depth from the outermost surface (modified layer surface) is 1.0 atomic% or more, and Sn, Co, Ni, Fe,
- concentration of one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Zn and Mg needs to be 1.0 atomic% or more in total. In the shallower area, the P concentration is higher. If any of these concentrations is less than 1.0 atomic%, the amount of element elution becomes insufficient, and the growth of calcium carbonate cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- concentrations (P concentration or metal element concentration) are preferably 2 atom% or more (more preferably 3 atom% or more), but 50 atoms are preferable from the viewpoint of practical production.
- the reference for the concentration measurement position of each component was “position from the surface of the modified layer to a depth of 10 nm” or “position from the surface of the modified layer to a depth of 200 nm” because of the thickness of each formed modified layer In consideration of the above, the depth at which each element is eluted during use in an actual environment at each thickness is “10 nm” or “200 nm”.
- the element constituting the modified layer contains P (phosphorus) and the above metal elements (Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mg) at a predetermined ratio, but the other (remainder) is
- the metal substrate is titanium or a titanium alloy, it is basically oxygen (O) and titanium (Ti).
- the elements constituting the modified layer include P (phosphorus) and the above metal elements (Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mg) at a predetermined ratio.
- the other (remainder) is basically oxygen (O), iron (Fe), and chromium (Cr). It is considered that the modified layer is present in a form in which P (phosphorus) and the metal element are combined with oxygen in the surface oxidation film of the metal material.
- a compound containing P (phosphorus) for example, phosphoric acids such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, polyphosphoric acid, and salts thereof
- P phosphorus
- An aqueous solution in which both of the metal elements one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Mg) (for example, sulfate, chloride, acetate, etc.) are dissolved ( This is achieved by immersing a base material made of titanium, a titanium alloy, or stainless steel in a metal element in an ionic state.
- a substrate made of titanium, a titanium alloy, or stainless steel may be immersed in a solution containing hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
- the thickness of the modified layer formed in this way can be adjusted by changing the immersion time (the total time when immersed multiple times).
- the contents of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in the solution are each preferably about 0.05 to 1.0%.
- Examples of the titanium material used as the base material in the present invention include 1 to 4 types of industrial pure titanium (JIS H 4600), and examples of the titanium alloy material include Ti-0.15 mass% Pd alloy. .
- examples of the titanium material used as a base material by this invention although SUS304 (JIS G 4304) is mentioned as a typical thing, it is not limited to this, For example, stainless steel, such as SUS403 and SUS430, can also be used. Further, these substrates may be washed with acetone or an acid solution before being surface-treated.
- the form of the surface-treated metal material of the present invention can be either plate-shaped or tubular.
- a plate-type heat exchanger it is used as a heat exchange member in a state (plate) in which a large number of wave-like projections are formed on the surface of a plate-like metal material.
- a metal material formed in a tubular shape is used as a heat transfer tube.
- a surface modification layer is arranged on the surface where the wavy projections are formed in the plate type heat exchanger, and on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube in the seawater evaporator, and the refrigerant (water or seawater) contacts the surface modification layer.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of test material> A plate (thickness: 0.5 mm) made of two types of industrial pure titanium (JIS H 4600) was used as the base material titanium, cut into 10 mm ⁇ 50 mm, washed with acetone, and then air-dried at room temperature. did.
- JIS H 4600 industrial pure titanium
- the titanium plate was immersed in a mixed acid aqueous solution (2% HF-10% HNO 3 ) made of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid at room temperature for 15 seconds, washed with ion-exchanged water, and polyphosphates (polyesters shown in Table 1 below) After immersing in a mixed aqueous solution (surface treatment solution) of sodium phosphate (Na n + 2 P n O 3n + 1 ) and a metal salt (chloride) for 3 minutes or 3 to 12 hours, it is washed again with ion-exchanged water and brought to room temperature. And air dried.
- a mixed acid aqueous solution 2% HF-10% HNO 3
- a mixed aqueous solution surface treatment solution
- sodium phosphate Na n + 2 P n O 3n + 1
- a metal salt chloride
- the concentration of each element in the modified layer was determined by glow discharge emission analysis (GD-OES method).
- the test material was cut into about 10 mm square, embedded in indium (In), and used for measurement.
- the analysis was performed using a GD-PROFILER 2 type GD-OES apparatus manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. in a pulse sputtering analysis mode under the conditions of anode diameter (analysis area): 4 mm ⁇ , discharge power: 35 W, argon (Ar) gas pressure: 600 Pa. I did it.
- the outermost surface of the test material (the surface of the modified layer) is zero depth, the element distribution in the depth direction of the material is investigated, and the element concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the outermost surface is the evaluation index of the modified layer It was.
- the element concentration was measured at “10 nm depth position from the outermost surface” because the concentration of the element decreases with increasing depth from the outermost surface, and the concentration at the position becomes the lowest concentration in the range. This is because it is possible to determine how much the “concentration from the outermost surface to a depth of 10 nm” is higher than the concentration at this position.
- ⁇ Scale adhesion evaluation> As a scale adhesion liquid, a mixed aqueous solution (Ca concentration: 354 ppm) of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3 ): 1.5 g / L (liter) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 .2H 2 O): 1.3 g / L at 20 ° C. [Sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride: special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.].
- the scale adhesion process was performed in 10 cycles for each specimen. After adhesion of the scale in 10 cycles, the scale adhesion was evaluated by measuring the mass of the titanium material taken out from the mixed aqueous solution and air-dried. After the scale attaching step, the titanium plate taken out from the scale production liquid was dried and weighed, and the mass of the titanium plate was measured. And the scale adhesion amount (mg / mm ⁇ 2 >) per area was computed from the difference in the mass of the titanium material (titanium material before scale adhesion) before supplying to a scale adhesion process.
- experiment no. No. 1 is an example of immersion in ion-exchanged water containing neither polyphosphate nor metal salt.
- P and metal elements are both 0.01 and 10 nm deep from the outermost surface (position from the outermost surface to 10 nm deep).
- the amount of scale adhered was 16.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg / mm 2 , and the surface was covered with calcium carbonate scale.
- the state of scale adhesion on the titanium material surface at this time is shown in FIG. 1 (drawing substitute SEM photograph).
- Experiment No. No. 2 is an example immersed in an aqueous solution containing a polyphosphate but not containing a metal salt.
- the P concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 4.5 atomic%, but the metal element is 0.01%. Less than atomic% exist, and the amount of scale adhesion is the experiment No. Compared with 1, it was hardly reduced.
- Experiment No. No. 3 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride), but the immersion time is as short as 3 minutes, and P and metal element (Sn) are both 1 at a depth of 10 nm. Less than 0 atomic%, and the amount of scale adhered was determined as Experiment No. Compared with 1, it was hardly reduced.
- Experiment No. No. 4 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing a metal salt (tin chloride) but not containing a polyphosphate.
- the Sn concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 3.5 atomic%, but the P concentration. Is less than 0.01 atomic%, and the amount of scale attached is the same as that of Experiment No. Compared with 1, it was hardly reduced.
- Experiment No. No. 5 is an example sufficiently immersed in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride). P concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 4.6 atomic%, and metal element (Sn) concentration is 3 Since the modified layer exists in an amount of 5 atomic%, the amount of scale attached was determined as Experiment No. It was reduced to about 13% of 1. The scale adhesion state on the titanium material surface at this time is shown in FIG. 2 (drawing substitute SEM photograph).
- Experiment No. No. 6 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride) for 3 hours.
- P concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 1.3 atomic%
- metal element (Sn) concentration is Since the modified layer present at 1.1 atomic% is formed, the amount of scale attached is determined as Experiment No. It was reduced to about half of 1.
- Experiment No. 7 to 11 were sufficiently immersed in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt, so that the P concentration at a depth of 10 nm was 2.8 to 5.0 atomic%, and the metal element concentration was 2.2 to 4.7. A modified layer having an atomic% is formed, and the amount of scale adhered is determined as Experiment No. 1/3 or less.
- Example 2 ⁇ Production of test material> A plate (thickness: 0.5 mm) made of SUS304 (JIS G 4304) was used as the stainless steel to be the base material, cut into 10 mm ⁇ 50 mm, washed with acetone, and then air-dried at room temperature. This stainless steel plate is washed with ion-exchanged water, and mixed in an aqueous solution (surface treatment solution) of polyphosphate (sodium polyphosphate: Na n + 2 P n O 3n + 1 ) and metal salt (chloride) shown in Table 2 below. After soaking for 3 minutes or 3 to 12 hours, it was washed again with ion-exchanged water and air-dried at room temperature.
- aqueous solution surface treatment solution
- polyphosphate sodium polyphosphate: Na n + 2 P n O 3n + 1
- metal salt chloride
- experiment no. No. 12 is an example immersed in ion-exchanged water containing neither polyphosphate nor metal salt.
- P and metal elements are 0.01 at a depth position of 10 nm from the outermost surface (position from the outermost surface to 10 nm depth).
- the amount of scale adhesion was 20.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg / mm 2 , and the surface was covered with calcium carbonate scale.
- Experiment No. No. 13 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing polyphosphate but not containing metal salt. P concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 3.9 atomic%, but metal element is 0.01%. Less than atomic% exist, and the amount of scale adhesion is the experiment No. Compared to 12, there was almost no reduction.
- Experiment No. No. 14 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride), but the immersion time is as short as 3 minutes, and P and metal element (Sn) are both 1 at a depth of 10 nm. Less than 0 atomic%, and the amount of scale adhered was determined as Experiment No. Compared to 12, there was almost no reduction.
- Experiment No. No. 15 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing a metal salt (tin chloride) but not containing a polyphosphate.
- the Sn concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 2.8 atomic%, but the P concentration Is less than 0.01 atomic%, and the amount of scale attached is the same as that of Experiment No. Compared to 12, there was almost no reduction.
- Experiment No. No. 16 is an example sufficiently immersed in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride).
- the P concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 5.5 atomic% and the metal element (Sn) concentration is 4 Since a modified layer existing at 0 atomic% is formed, the amount of scale attached is determined as Experiment No. It was reduced to about half of 12.
- Experiment No. No. 17 is an example of immersion in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride) for 3 hours.
- the P concentration at a depth of 10 nm is 1.6 atomic%
- the metal element (Sn) concentration is Since the modified layer present at 1.2 atomic% is formed, the amount of scale attached is determined as Experiment No. It was reduced to about 70% of 12.
- Experiment No. 18 to 22 were sufficiently immersed in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt, so that the P concentration at a depth of 10 nm was 2.3 to 4.4 atomic%, and the metal element concentration was 2.0 to 4.1. A modified layer having an atomic% is formed, and the amount of scale adhered is determined as Experiment No. It was reduced to 60% or less of 12.
- Example 3 ⁇ Production of test material> A plate (thickness: 0.5 mm) made of two types of industrial pure titanium (JIS H 4600) was used as the base titanium, cut into 10 mm x 50 mm, washed with acetone, and then air-dried at room temperature. did.
- JIS H 4600 industrial pure titanium
- This titanium plate was immersed in a mixed acid aqueous solution (2% HF-10% HNO 3 ) made of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid at room temperature for 15 seconds, then washed with ion-exchanged water, and polyphosphates (polyesters shown in Table 3 below)
- the surface element concentration was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the element concentration was measured at “200 nm depth position from the outermost surface”. In addition, the element concentration was measured at “200 nm depth position from the outermost surface”, as described above, the concentration of the element decreased with increasing depth from the outermost surface, and the concentration at the position was within that range. This is because the minimum concentration is reached, so it can be determined how much the “concentration from the outermost surface to a depth of 200 nm” is higher than the concentration at this position.
- Scale adhesion was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the scale adhesion step was performed in 20 cycles for each specimen.
- experiment no. No. 23 is an example immersed in ion-exchanged water containing neither polyphosphate nor metal salt.
- P and metal elements are both 0.01 and 200 nm deep from the outermost surface (position from the outermost surface to 200 nm deep). There was only less than atomic%, the amount of scale adhesion was 28.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg / mm 2 , and the surface was covered with calcium carbonate scale.
- Experiment No. No. 24 is an example immersed in an aqueous solution containing both polyphosphate and metal salt (tin chloride), but P and metal element (Sn) are present at less than 0.01 atomic% at a depth of 200 nm.
- the amount of scale adhered was determined as Experiment No. Although it was reduced compared to 23, the surface was covered with calcium carbonate scale.
- the amount of scale adhesion is determined as Experiment No. Compared to 23.
- the surface-treated metal material of the present invention is suitable for heat exchangers, seawater evaporators, and the like because adhesion of scales mainly composed of calcium carbonate is suppressed.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Ca2++2HCO3 -→Ca(HCO3)2→CO2+H2O+CaCO3 …(1)
〈供試材の作製〉
基材となるチタンとして、工業用純チタン2種(JIS H 4600)からなる板(厚さ:0.5mm)を使用し、これを10mm×50mmに切り出して、アセトン洗浄後、室温にて風乾した。このチタン板を、フッ酸と硝酸からなる混酸水溶液(2%HF-10%HNO3)に室温にて15秒浸漬した後、イオン交換水で洗浄し、後記表1に示すポリ燐酸塩(ポリ燐酸ナトリウム:Nan+2PnO3n+1)と、金属塩(塩化物)との混合水溶液(表面処理液)に3分または3~12時間浸漬した後、再びイオン交換水にて洗浄し、室温にて風乾した。
改質層内の各元素の濃度は、グロー放電発光分析法(GD-OES法)により行なった。供試材は、約10mm角に切断し、インジウム(In)に包埋して測定に供した。分析は、堀場製作所製GD-PROFILER2型GD-OES装置を用いて、パルススパッタ分析モードにて、アノード径(分析面積):4mmφ、放電電力:35W、アルゴン(Ar)ガス圧:600Paの条件で行なった。供試材の最表面(改質層の表面)を深さゼロとし、材料の深さ方向の元素分布を調査し、最表面から10nm深さの位置での元素濃度を改質層の評価指標とした。尚、元素濃度を、「最表面から10nm深さ位置」で測定したのは、上記元素の濃度は最表面から深くなるにつれて少なくなり、上記位置での濃度はその範囲での最低濃度となるので、この位置での濃度によって「最表面から10nm深さまでの濃度」がどの程度以上になっているかが判断できるからである。
スケール付着液として、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3):1.5g/L(リットル)、塩化カルシウム(CaCl2・2H2O):1.3g/Lの混合水溶液(Ca濃度:354ppm)を20℃で調製した[炭酸水素ナトリウム、塩化カルシウム:和光純薬工業(株)製の特級試薬]。
〈供試材の作製〉
基材となるステンレス鋼として、SUS304(JIS G 4304)からなる板(厚さ:0.5mm)を使用し、これを10mm×50mmに切り出して、アセトン洗浄後、室温にて風乾した。このステンレス板を、イオン交換水で洗浄し、後記表2に示すポリ燐酸塩(ポリ燐酸ナトリウム:Nan+2PnO3n+1)と、金属塩(塩化物)との混合水溶液(表面処理液)に3分または3~12時間浸漬した後、再びイオン交換水にて洗浄し、室温にて風乾した。
〈供試材の作製〉
基材となるチタンとして、工業用純チタン2種(JIS H 4600)からなる板(厚さ:0.5mm)を使用し、これを10mm×50mmに切り出して、アセトン洗浄後、室温にて風乾した。このチタン板を、フッ酸と硝酸からなる混酸水溶液(2%HF-10%HNO3)に室温にて15秒浸漬した後、イオン交換水で洗浄し、後記表3に示すポリ燐酸塩(ポリ燐酸ナトリウム:Nan+2PnO3n+1)と、金属塩(塩化物)を、水、またはフッ酸と硝酸(0.1%HF-0.5%HNO3)を溶媒とする表面処理液に、12時
間浸漬した後、再びイオン交換水にて洗浄し、室温にて風乾した。
元素濃度を、「最表面から200nm深さ位置」で測定する以外は実施例1と同様にして表面元素濃度を測定した。尚、元素濃度を、「最表面から200nm深さ位置」で測定したのは、上記と同様に、上記元素の濃度は最表面から深くなるにつれて少なくなり、上記位置での濃度はその範囲での最低濃度となるので、この位置での濃度によって「最表面から200nm深さまでの濃度」がどの程度以上になっているかが判断できるからである。
スケール付着工程を、各供試材につき20サイクルで行なう以外は、実施例1と同様にしてスケール付着性を評価した。
Claims (7)
- チタン若しくはチタン合金、またはステンレス鋼からなる基材の表面が改質された表面処理金属材であって、最表面から10nm深さまでにおいて、P濃度が1.0原子%以上であると共に、Sn,Co,Ni,Fe,ZnおよびMgよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属元素濃度が合計で1.0原子%以上であることを特徴とするスケール付着抑制性に優れた表面処理金属材。
- 前記基材は、チタン若しくはチタン合金からなるものである請求項1に記載の表面処理金属材。
- 最表面から200nm深さまでにおいて、P濃度が1.0原子%以上であると共に、Sn,Co,Ni,Fe,ZnおよびMgよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属元素濃度が合計で1.0原子%以上である請求項1または2に記載の表面処理金属材。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の表面処理金属材を製造するに当り、Pを含有する化合物と、Sn,Co,Ni,Fe,ZnおよびMgよりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属イオンを含有する溶液に、基材を浸漬することを特徴とするスケール付着抑制性に優れた表面処理金属材の製造方法。
- 前記溶液は、更にフッ酸および硝酸を含有するものである請求項4に記載の表面処理金属材の製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の表面処理金属材を、水を媒体として流通させる伝熱部に、前記改質された表面が、水に接触するように配置して構成されたものであることを特徴とする金属製熱交換器。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の表面処理金属材を、海水を媒体として流通させる伝熱部に、前記改質された表面が、海水に接触するように配置して構成されたものであることを特徴とする海水蒸発器。
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KR1020137004009A KR20130031919A (ko) | 2010-08-19 | 2011-08-16 | 스케일 부착 억제성이 우수한 표면 처리 금속재 및 그 제조 방법 및 열교환기 또는 해수 증발기 |
EP11818189.0A EP2607521A4 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2011-08-16 | SURFACE-TREATED METAL MATERIAL WITH EXCELLENT DEPOSITION SUPPRESSION PROPERTIES, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, HEAT EXCHANGE AND SEAWATER EVAPORATOR |
CN201180037029.1A CN103052737B (zh) | 2010-08-19 | 2011-08-16 | 水垢附着抑制性优异的表面处理金属材料及其制造方法以及热交换器或海水蒸发器 |
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JP2011137067A JP5852338B2 (ja) | 2010-08-19 | 2011-06-21 | スケール付着抑制性に優れた表面処理金属材の製造方法および海水蒸発器 |
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JP2014012884A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-01-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | スケール付着抑制性と成形性に優れたチタン合金材およびその製造方法、ならびに熱交換器または海水蒸発器 |
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US11535911B2 (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-12-27 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Method for reducing formation of CaSO4 and Fe2O3 containing deposits in a pressure oxidation autoclave and/or adjacent circuits during pressure oxidation of gold-containing ore |
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- 2011-08-16 KR KR1020137004009A patent/KR20130031919A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2011-08-16 WO PCT/JP2011/068542 patent/WO2012023548A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-08-16 EP EP11818189.0A patent/EP2607521A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2014012884A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-01-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | スケール付着抑制性と成形性に優れたチタン合金材およびその製造方法、ならびに熱交換器または海水蒸発器 |
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KR20130031919A (ko) | 2013-03-29 |
EP2607521A4 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
JP5852338B2 (ja) | 2016-02-03 |
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