WO2012023457A1 - 開放電圧制御システム - Google Patents
開放電圧制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012023457A1 WO2012023457A1 PCT/JP2011/068129 JP2011068129W WO2012023457A1 WO 2012023457 A1 WO2012023457 A1 WO 2012023457A1 JP 2011068129 W JP2011068129 W JP 2011068129W WO 2012023457 A1 WO2012023457 A1 WO 2012023457A1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000112598 Pseudoblennius percoides Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/66—Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
- G01R31/68—Testing of releasable connections, e.g. of terminals mounted on a printed circuit board
- G01R31/69—Testing of releasable connections, e.g. of terminals mounted on a printed circuit board of terminals at the end of a cable or a wire harness; of plugs; of sockets, e.g. wall sockets or power sockets in appliances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the embodiment of the present invention relates to an open voltage control system that is used in a photovoltaic power generation system and controls an open voltage to a desired value.
- Photovoltaic power generation uses a solar cell (PV: Photovoltaic) that converts solar energy into electric power.
- PV Photovoltaic
- the solar cell panel does not satisfy the operable voltage of the power conditioner. Therefore, the solar power generation system disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a plurality of solar battery panels connected in series.
- the side view and rear view of the solar cell panel direction variable apparatus in 2nd Embodiment The flowchart which shows the rough process sequence of the arithmetic and control unit in 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system.
- the solar power generation system includes a solar cell panel 2, string wiring 7, a switch 5, and an inverter 6.
- the solar cell panel 2 is formed by arranging solar cells (cells) having a photovoltaic effect, for example, in a planar shape.
- the string wiring 7 connects a plurality of solar battery panels 2 in series.
- the structure of the several solar cell panel 2 connected in series by the string wiring 7 is called 1 string.
- the inverter 6 is connected to at least one string and converts the input DC power of the solar cell panel 2 into AC.
- the switch 5 interrupts the power line between the string wiring 7 and the inverter 6. Note that the switch 5 may be incorporated in the inverter 6.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the number of connected solar cell panels per string of the photovoltaic power generation system.
- “Solar radiation to solar cells” represents the energy (W) of sunlight per unit area (m 2). When the number is small, it indicates “low solar radiation”, and when the number is large, it indicates “high solar radiation”.
- “Solar cell temperature” represents the temperature of the solar cell itself during use. For example, in a solar panel manufactured from a silicon material, when the temperature of the solar battery cell is high, the generated voltage of the solar battery cell is small, and when the temperature of the solar battery cell is low, the generated voltage of the solar battery cell is large.
- the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell is mainly governed by “solar radiation to the solar cell” and “cell temperature of the solar cell”.
- the “open voltage of the solar battery” is an output voltage of the solar battery cell when no load is connected to the solar battery cell.
- the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system is 600V.
- the breakdown voltage is a value defined as the upper limit value of the generated voltage for each string.
- Case 3 represents a configuration for avoiding such an overpressure-resistant state.
- the series number of solar cells per string is 13 modules.
- the withstand voltage is 600V or less.
- the open circuit voltage can be made lower than the withstand voltage by determining (decreasing) the number of series of solar cells per string in accordance with the environment where the photovoltaic power generation system is installed.
- the number of string wirings increases, which increases the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic power generation system.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing the string voltage 8 and the inverter operating time 9 of the photovoltaic power generation system.
- the string voltage 8 is a generated voltage (open voltage) per string.
- the inverter 6 starts operation when the string voltage 8 exceeds the inverter operation start voltage, and stops operating when the string voltage 8 becomes lower than the inverter operation start voltage.
- the string voltage 8 (8a, 8b) increases as the morning sun rises.
- the inverter 6 automatically starts operating when the string voltage 8 (8a, 8b) exceeds a certain value.
- the inverter 6 automatically stops operating.
- the inverter operation time 9b when the series number of solar cells per string is small is shorter than the inverter operation time 9a when the series number of solar cells per string is large. Therefore, the power generation amount when the number of series of solar cells per string is small is smaller than the amount of power generation when the number of series of solar cells per string is large.
- the number of solar cell panels connected in series is limited, thereby causing an increase in manufacturing cost and a decrease in power generation amount. If so, the number of solar panels per string can be increased compared to the past, or if the decrease in the number of solar panels can be limited, the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of strings and the amount of power generation can be increased. Can do.
- the open-circuit voltage control system according to the present embodiment has been conceived as a result of such technical studies.
- the open-circuit voltage control system of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an open-circuit voltage control system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the open-circuit voltage control system 10 includes an open-circuit voltage measuring device 3, a calculation control device 4, and a drive control device 1.
- the open-circuit voltage measuring device 3 measures a string voltage, that is, an open-circuit voltage when no load is applied.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 exchanges signals with the inverter 6 and controls the drive control unit 1 by receiving a measurement signal from the open-circuit voltage measuring unit 3.
- the drive control device 1 drives the solar battery panel 2 and the like to control the string voltage.
- the drive control apparatus 1 is comprised using at least one among the solar cell panel permeation
- a plurality of strings can be connected to the inverter 6, but the open-circuit voltage measuring device 3 and the arithmetic control device 4 are configured as devices common to the plurality of strings, and drive control is performed.
- the device 1 is configured for each string.
- the open-circuit voltage measuring device 3, the arithmetic control device 4, and the drive control device 1 are not limited to this embodiment and can be configured in various ways.
- the open-circuit voltage measuring device 3 or the arithmetic control device 4 may be configured for each string.
- you may comprise the drive control apparatus 1 as an apparatus common to a string.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system using the open-circuit voltage control system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the solar power generation system includes a solar cell panel 2, an open-circuit voltage measuring device 3, an arithmetic and control device 4, a solar cell panel transmitted solar radiation amount varying device 11, a switch 5 and an inverter 6.
- the solar cell panel transmitted solar radiation varying device 11 is installed between sunlight and the solar battery panel 2 and adjusts the solar radiation passing therethrough.
- description is abbreviate
- FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the operation of the solar cell panel transmitted solar radiation amount varying device 11 in the first embodiment.
- a liquid crystal shutter 111 is used as the solar panel transmission solar radiation amount varying device 11, and a control signal for changing the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutter 111 is given as shown in FIG. 3 (2).
- the amount of solar radiation to the solar cell panel 2 can be controlled.
- a light shielding body such as a blind may be installed, and the amount of solar radiation passing therethrough may be adjusted by changing the light shielding area.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a schematic processing procedure of the arithmetic and control unit 4 in the first embodiment.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 executes the operation shown in this flowchart for every predetermined period.
- step S01 the arithmetic and control unit 4 determines from the signal from the inverter 6 whether the switch 5 is open.
- the inverter 6 starts operation when the string voltage 8 exceeds the inverter operation start voltage. That is, when the string voltage 8 exceeds the inverter operation start voltage, the inverter 6 turns on the switch 5 to incorporate the string voltage 8 into the internal conversion circuit. Therefore, the open / close state of the switch 5 is controlled by the inverter 6.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation.
- the switch 5 is open (step S01 Yes)
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 takes in the open circuit voltage measured by the open circuit voltage measuring device 3 in step S02.
- step S03 the arithmetic and control unit 4 checks whether the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is a voltage that is equal to or higher than a voltage at which the load of the inverter 6 can operate and smaller than the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system. Details of this will be described later.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation.
- the open voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage (No in step S03)
- step S04 the arithmetic and control unit 4 changes the opening degree of the solar panel transmitted solar radiation amount varying device 11 so that the open voltage becomes the predetermined voltage.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the open circuit voltage for each cell temperature of the solar battery panel. As shown in this graph, the open circuit voltage decreases as the amount of solar radiation decreases. The open circuit voltage decreases as the cell temperature increases. In the graph, the cell voltage value corresponding to the withstand voltage value of the open circuit voltage is represented as 40V.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the transition of the voltage output from the solar cell panel. Asahi irradiates solar cell panel 2 and the time passes, the open circuit voltage of solar cell panel 2 increases.
- the arithmetic control device 4 controls the opening degree of the solar cell panel transmitted solar radiation amount varying device 11 so that the open voltage of the solar cell panel 2 becomes a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is set higher than the inverter operation start voltage.
- the inverter 6 does not start to operate immediately even if the open circuit voltage exceeds the start voltage, but starts to start after a predetermined time (for example, ten minutes). Therefore, the arithmetic and control unit 4 continues the control so that the open circuit voltage becomes the predetermined voltage until the inverter 6 starts operation.
- the inverter 6 Since a load is applied when the inverter 6 starts operating, the voltage output from the solar cell panel decreases due to the influence. Thereafter, the voltage of the solar cell panel 2 is controlled by the load control function of the inverter 6 so that the generated power from the solar cell is increased, and the increase in the open voltage of the solar cell panel is suppressed. As described above, after the inverter 6 starts its operation, an action for suppressing an increase in the string voltage 8 works. For these reasons, it is possible to prevent the breakdown voltage from being exceeded by controlling the opening of the light-shielding area so that the voltage immediately before the inverter 6 starts operating becomes a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is set to a voltage that is greater than the inverter operation start voltage and smaller than the withstand voltage.
- the target to which the open-circuit voltage control system is applied is not limited to the inverter 6, but a general load. Therefore, the above-mentioned predetermined voltage is equivalent to setting the voltage to be equal to or higher than the voltage at which the load can operate and smaller than the withstand voltage.
- the control operation executed by the arithmetic and control unit 4 may use a control method such as PID feedback control, sampling control, or sampling PI control.
- a temperature sensor (not shown) is provided at the center of the solar battery panel 2 and the cell temperature is measured as a representative.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 specifies the characteristic curve of FIG. 5 from the cell temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
- the present solar radiation amount X currently irradiated to the solar cell panel 2 is grasped
- the solar radiation amount Y is obtained so that the open circuit voltage becomes a predetermined voltage, and the opening degree is controlled to be Y / X times the current opening degree.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a result of applying the open-circuit voltage control system according to the first embodiment.
- the solar radiation amount was 1000 (W / m 2), the solar panel faced southward, and the solar radiation transmittance of the transmitted solar radiation varying device was 100% in case A (no light shielding) and 10% in case B.
- the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell was 44V in case A and 39V in case B.
- the open voltage of one string is calculated from the open voltage of the solar cell and the number of solar cells connected in series per string.
- solar radiation 1000 W / m 2 to the solar cell, cell temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the number of solar cells connected in series per string is 15, and the open voltage of one string is 660V. Therefore, when the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system is 600 V, it exceeds that.
- the open voltage of one string was 585V, and the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system could be within 600V.
- control operation is not performed when the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage in step S03. In this case, the amount of solar radiation may be increased.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system using the open-circuit voltage control system 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the solar power generation system includes a solar cell panel 2, an open-circuit voltage measuring device 3, a calculation control device 4, a solar cell panel direction varying device 12, a switch 5, and an inverter 6.
- the solar cell panel direction varying device 12 adjusts the amount of solar radiation that the solar cell panel faces. Note that description of devices other than the solar cell panel orientation varying device 12 is omitted.
- FIG. 8 is a side view and a rear view of the solar cell panel direction varying device 12 according to the second embodiment.
- the solar cell panel direction changing device 12 changes the direction of the solar cell panel 2 that converts energy from sunlight into electric energy.
- the solar cell panel direction varying device 12 includes an azimuth angle varying device 22 and an elevation angle varying device 21 that control the azimuth angle.
- the solar cell panel direction variable apparatus 12 is provided on the foundation
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a schematic processing procedure of the arithmetic and control unit 4 in the second embodiment.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 executes the operation shown in this flowchart for every predetermined period.
- step S11 the arithmetic and control unit 4 determines from the signal from the inverter 6 whether or not the switch 5 is open.
- step S11 When the switch 5 is closed (No at Step S11), the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation.
- step S12 the arithmetic control device 4 takes in the open voltage measured by the open voltage measuring device 3.
- step S13 the arithmetic and control unit 4 checks whether the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is a voltage that is equal to or higher than a voltage at which the load of the inverter 6 can operate and smaller than the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system. Details of this have already been described and will be omitted.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation.
- the arithmetic control device 4 changes the direction of the solar cell panel direction changing device 12 so that the open voltage becomes the predetermined voltage.
- the solar irradiation direction at the place where the solar cell panel direction changing device 12 is installed is determined if the current date is known. Therefore, the direction of the solar cell panel direction varying device 12 is changed based on a database relating to the sun irradiation direction created in advance so as to reduce the amount of sun irradiation to a predetermined value.
- the azimuth varying device 22 and the elevation varying device 21 may be operated together, or one may be operated, and if the other is insufficient, the other may be operated.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a result of applying the open-circuit voltage control system according to the second embodiment.
- the solar radiation amount is 1000 (W / m 2)
- the solar cell panel direction is the solar radiation direction
- the solar radiation transmittance varying device has a solar radiation transmittance of 100%.
- the amount of solar radiation was 100 (W / m 2)
- the direction of the solar cell panel 2 was opposite to the direction of solar radiation
- the solar radiation transmittance was 100%.
- the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell was 44V in case A and 39V in case B.
- the open voltage of one string is calculated from the open voltage of the solar cell and the number of solar cells connected in series per string.
- solar radiation 1000 W / m 2 to the solar cell, cell temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the number of solar cells connected in series per string is 15, and the open voltage of one string is 660V. Therefore, when the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system is 600V, it exceeds that.
- the solar cell panel direction varying device 12 controls the amount of solar radiation to 100 W / m 2, so that the open voltage of one string is 585 V, and the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system can be within 600 V. It was.
- control operation is not performed when the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage in step S13. In this case, the amount of solar radiation may be increased.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system using the open-circuit voltage control system 10 according to the third embodiment.
- the solar power generation system includes a solar cell panel 2, an open-circuit voltage measuring device 3, a calculation control device 4, a solar cell panel temperature variable device 13, a temperature sensor 30, a switch 5, and an inverter 6.
- the solar cell panel temperature variable device 13 is installed adjacent to the solar cell panel 2 and adjusts the panel temperature.
- the temperature sensor 30 is provided in the center part of the solar cell panel 2, and handles the measured value as the cell temperature.
- description is abbreviate
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the solar cell panel temperature variable device 13 according to the third embodiment.
- the solar panel temperature variable device 13 for example, a heating wire 131 is used, and a current signal is given as a control signal as shown in FIG.
- the temperature can be controlled.
- the cell temperature may be adjusted using hot water instead of the heating wire 131.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a schematic processing procedure of the arithmetic and control unit 4 in the third embodiment.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 executes the operation shown in this flowchart for every predetermined period.
- step S21 the arithmetic and control unit 4 determines from the signal from the inverter 6 whether or not the switch 5 is open.
- step S21 Yes
- step S22 the arithmetic and control unit 4 takes in the open voltage measured by the open voltage measuring device 3.
- step S23 the arithmetic and control unit 4 checks whether the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is a voltage that is equal to or higher than a voltage at which the load of the inverter 6 can operate and smaller than the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system. The details are omitted here.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation.
- the calculation control device 4 changes the temperature of the solar cell panel 2 by the solar cell panel temperature variable device 13 so that the open circuit voltage becomes the predetermined voltage. To do.
- control method of the third embodiment each method described in the first embodiment can be used.
- the control can be performed as follows.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the open circuit voltage for each cell temperature of the solar battery panel. As shown in this graph, the open circuit voltage decreases as the amount of solar radiation decreases. The open circuit voltage decreases as the cell temperature increases. In the graph, the cell voltage value corresponding to the withstand voltage value of the open circuit voltage is represented as 40V.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 specifies the characteristic curve of FIG. 14 from the cell temperature measured by the temperature sensor 30. And the present solar radiation amount currently irradiated to the solar cell panel 2 is grasped
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a result of applying the open-circuit voltage control system according to the third embodiment.
- the solar radiation amount is 1000 (W / m 2)
- the solar cell panel is facing south
- the solar radiation varying device has a solar radiation transmittance of 100%.
- the open circuit voltage of the solar cell was 44 V in Case A.
- the open voltage of one string is calculated from the open voltage of the solar cell and the number of solar cells connected in series per string.
- solar radiation 1000 W / m 2 to the solar cell, cell temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C., the number of solar cells connected in series per string is 15, and the open voltage of one string is 660V. Therefore, when the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system is 600V, it exceeds that.
- the solar radiation amount is 1000 (W / m 2)
- the solar cell panel is facing south
- the solar radiation varying device has a solar radiation transmittance of 100%.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system using the open-circuit voltage control system 10 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the solar power generation system includes a solar cell panel 2, an open-circuit voltage measuring device 3, an arithmetic control device 4, a circuit variable device 14, a switch 5 and an inverter 6.
- the circuit variable device 14 changes the number of solar cell panels connected to one string.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a schematic processing procedure of the arithmetic and control unit 4 in the fourth embodiment.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 executes the operation shown in this flowchart for every predetermined period.
- step S31 the arithmetic and control unit 4 determines from the signal from the inverter 6 whether or not the switch 5 is open.
- step S31 the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation. If the switch 5 is open (step S31, Yes), the calculation control device 4 takes in the open voltage measured by the open voltage measuring device 3 in step S32.
- step S33 the arithmetic and control unit 4 checks whether the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is a voltage that is equal to or higher than a voltage at which the load of the inverter 6 can operate and smaller than the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system. Since this detail is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the open circuit voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage (step S33, Yes)
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 ends the operation.
- step S34 the arithmetic and control unit 4 causes the circuit variable device 14 so that the open circuit voltage is equal to or higher than the inverter operation start voltage and smaller than the withstand voltage. To change the number of solar panels connected to one string.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 may change (decrease) the number of solar cell panels 2 when the open circuit voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage.
- a thermometer (not shown) can be provided in the solar cell panel and can be controlled as follows.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the open circuit voltage for each cell temperature of the solar battery panel. As shown in this graph, the open circuit voltage decreases as the amount of solar radiation decreases. The open circuit voltage decreases as the cell temperature increases. In the graph, the withstand voltage value of the open circuit voltage is expressed as 40V.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 specifies the characteristic curve of FIG. 18 from the cell temperature measured by the temperature sensor 30. And the present solar radiation amount X currently irradiated to the solar cell panel 2 is grasped
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a mode in which the number of solar cell panels is changed by the circuit variable device 14.
- FIG. 19 (1) shows the connection state of one string before the change. Before the change, 15 solar cell panels 2 are connected in series in one string.
- FIG. 19 (2) shows the connection state of one string after the change. After the change, 13 solar cell panels 2 are connected in series in one string.
- the number of intermittent solar cell panels 2 may be a fixed number (for example, two) as shown in FIG. 19, or may be a variable number (for example, 1 to 3) according to the number of voltages to be decreased. good. Further, the intermittent solar cell panel 2 may be any one of a front part, an intermediate part, and a rear part connected in series.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a result of applying the open-circuit voltage control system according to the fourth embodiment.
- the solar radiation amount is 1000 (W / m 2)
- the solar cell panel is facing south
- the solar radiation varying device has a solar radiation transmittance of 100%.
- the open circuit voltage of the solar cell was 44 V in Case A.
- the open voltage of one string is calculated from the open voltage of the solar cell and the number of solar cells connected in series per string.
- solar radiation 1000 W / m 2 to the solar cell, cell temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C., the number of solar cells connected in series per string is 15, and the open voltage of one string is 660V. Therefore, when the withstand voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system is 600V, it exceeds that.
- the solar radiation amount is 1000 (W / m 2)
- the solar cell panel is facing south
- the solar radiation varying device has a solar radiation transmittance of 100%.
- the drive control device 1 uses any one of the solar cell panel transmitted solar radiation amount varying device 11, the solar cell panel direction varying device 12, the solar cell panel temperature varying device 13, and the circuit varying device 14. Although used, a plurality of devices can be appropriately combined. Moreover, you may select the kind of apparatus used for the drive control apparatus 1 for every string.
- the above-described control operation is not limited to “timing immediately before the inverter 6 starts operation”.
- the same operation is performed when “string is opened” for some reason.
- the switch 5 may be intentionally opened for maintenance or inspection.
- a voltage higher than the withstand voltage is generated from the opened string, which may damage the string 7, the solar cell panel 2, and the like.
- the open-circuit voltage control system 10 operates so that the voltage generated from the string does not exceed the withstand voltage.
- finish of maintenance since the control action demonstrated in the above-mentioned each embodiment is performed, the voltage exceeding a withstand voltage does not act on a solar power generation system.
- the arithmetic and control unit 4 acquires information on the open / closed state of the switch 5 from the inverter 6, but is not limited to this form.
- the voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring device 3 may be monitored by the arithmetic and control device 4, and when the voltage drops rapidly, it may be determined that a load is applied to the inverter 6 and the control operation may be stopped. That is, the open state of the switch 5 is determined based on the voltage measured by the arithmetic control device 4 with the open voltage measuring device 3.
- the arithmetic control device 4 can acquire the open / closed state of the switch 5 by taking the state of the switch 5 as DI (digital input) and monitoring the DI.
- a human may manually instruct the arithmetic device to stop and start control. That is, it may be instructed that the switch 5 is connected / released.
- the equipment can be flexibly operated.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
- Various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine suitably the component covering different embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池パネル2、ストリング配線7、スイッチ5及びインバータ6を備えている。
ケース2に示す場合、即ち、太陽電池への日射が1000W/m2の場合では、1ストリングあたりの太陽電池の直列数は15modulesである。従って、1ストリング当りの開放電圧は、15×44=660Vであり、耐圧600Vを超過している。
しかしながら、この対応では1ストリングあたりの発電容量が、ケース2では200×15=3000Wであったが、ケース3では200×13=2600Wと少なくなる。従って、発電力39000Wを得るために必要なストリング数は、ケース2では39000/3000=13ストリングであるに対し、ケース3では39000/2600=15ストリングに増加する。ストリング数が増加すると、ストリング配線数が増加するため、太陽光発電システムの製造コストが上昇する。
図1は、本実施の形態の開放電圧制御システム10の構成を示す図である。本開放電圧制御システム10は、開放電圧測定装置3、演算制御装置4及び駆動制御装置1を備えている。開放電圧測定装置3は、負荷が付与されていない状態でのストリング電圧、即ち開放電圧を測定する。演算制御装置4は、インバータ6との間で信号の授受を行うとともに開放電圧測定装置3からの測定信号を受けて駆動制御装置1を制御する。駆動制御装置1は、太陽電池パネル2などを駆動してストリング電圧を制御する。
図2は、第1の実施の形態の開放電圧制御システム10を用いた太陽光発電システムを示す図である。太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池パネル2、開放電圧測定装置3、演算制御装置4、太陽電池パネル透過日射量可変装置11、スイッチ5及びインバータ6で構成される。太陽電池パネル透過日射量可変装置11は、太陽光と太陽電池パネル2との間に設置され通過する日射量を調整する。なお、太陽電池パネル透過日射量可変装置11以外の装置については説明を省略する。
図24は、太陽電池パネルから出力される電圧の推移を示す図である。朝日が太陽電池パネル2を照射し、時間が経過するにつれて、太陽電池パネル2の開放電圧は増加する。演算制御装置4は、太陽電池パネル2の開放電圧が所定電圧になるように太陽電池パネル透過日射量可変装置11の開度を制御する。ここで、所定電圧はインバータ動作開始電圧よりも高く設定されている。しかし、インバータ6は開放電圧が開始電圧を超えても直ちに動作を開始するのではなく、所定時間(例えば、十数分)経過後に起動を開始する。従って、演算制御装置4は、インバータ6が動作を開始するまで、開放電圧が所定電圧になるように制御を継続する。
例えば、太陽電池パネル2の中央部に温度センサ(不図示)を設け、セル温度を代表して測定する。演算制御装置4は、温度センサで測定したセル温度から図5の特性曲線を特定する。そして、その特性曲線上で開放電圧測定装置3で測定した開放電圧から、太陽電池パネル2に照射している現在の日射量Xを把握する。次に、開放電圧が所定の電圧になるような日射量Yを求め、開度を現在の開度のY/X倍となるように制御する。
ケースAでは、太陽電池への日射1000W/m2、セル温度-20℃、1ストリング当たりの太陽電池の直列接続数が15となり、1ストリングの開放電圧は660Vである。従って、太陽光発電システムの耐圧を600Vとすると、それを超過している。一方、ケースBでは、透過日射量可変装置の日射透過率を制御して10%とすることで、1ストリングの開放電圧は585Vとなり、太陽光発電システムの耐圧600V以内とすることが出来た。
第2の実施の形態では、駆動制御装置1として太陽電池パネル向き可変装置12を用い、太陽電池パネル向きを可変することで開放電圧を調整する。
図7は、第2の実施の形態の開放電圧制御システム10を用いた太陽光発電システムを示す図である。太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池パネル2、開放電圧測定装置3、演算制御装置4、太陽電池パネル向き可変装置12、スイッチ5及びインバータ6で構成される。太陽電池パネル向き可変装置12は、太陽電池パネルの面する日射量を調整する。なお、太陽電池パネル向き可変装置12以外の装置については説明を省略する。
ケースAでは、太陽電池への日射1000W/m2、セル温度-20℃、1ストリング当たりの太陽電池の直列接続数が15となり、1ストリングの開放電圧は660Vである。従って、太陽光発電システムの耐圧を600Vとすると、それを超過している。一方、ケースBでは、太陽電池パネル向き可変装置12で日射量を制御して100W/m2とすることで、1ストリングの開放電圧は585Vとなり、太陽光発電システムの耐圧600V以内とすることが出来た。
第3の実施の形態では、駆動制御装置1として太陽電池パネル温度可変装置13を用い、太陽電池パネル温度を可変することで開放電圧を調整する。
図11は、第3の実施の形態の開放電圧制御システム10を用いた太陽光発電システムを示す図である。太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池パネル2、開放電圧測定装置3、演算制御装置4、太陽電池パネル温度可変装置13、温度センサ30、スイッチ5及びインバータ6で構成される。太陽電池パネル温度可変装置13は、太陽電池パネル2に隣接して設置されパネル温度を調整する。温度センサ30は、太陽電池パネル2の中央部に設けられ、その測定値をもってセル温度として扱う。なお、太陽電池パネル温度可変装置13、温度センサ30以外の装置については説明を省略する。
第4の実施の形態では、駆動制御装置1として回路を構成する太陽電池パネルの接続数を可変することで開放電圧を調整する。
図16は、第4の実施の形態の開放電圧制御システム10を用いた太陽光発電システムを示す図である。太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池パネル2、開放電圧測定装置3、演算制御装置4、回路可変装置14、スイッチ5及びインバータ6で構成される。回路可変装置14は、1ストリングに接続される太陽電池パネルの数を変更する。
上述の各実施の形態の構成のバリエーションについて説明する。
例えば、演算制御装置4が開放電圧測定装置3で測定した電圧を監視し、その電圧が急激に低下した場合に、インバータ6に負荷が付与されたと判断して制御動作を停止しても良い。即ち、演算制御装置4が開放電圧測定装置3で測定した電圧に基づいてスイッチ5の開放状態を判定する。
また、演算制御装置4は、スイッチ5の状態をDI(デジタル入力)として取り入れ、DIを監視することで、スイッチ5の開閉状態を取得することができる。
これらのバリエーションの形態は、上述の各実施の形態と適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合せにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。更に、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を適宜組み合せてもよい。
Claims (6)
- 直列に接続された太陽電池パネルを有するストリングと、前記ストリングで発生した直流電圧を負荷に供給するための経路を断続するスイッチとを有する太陽光発電システムに用いられて前記ストリングの開放電圧を制御する開放電圧制御システムであって、
前記ストリングと前記負荷とが接続されていない開放状態での前記ストリングの開放電圧を測定する開放電圧測定装置と、
前記太陽電池パネルからの出力電圧を制御する駆動制御装置と、
前記ストリングと前記負荷とが開放状態において、前記開放電圧測定装置が測定した開放電圧に基づいて前記開放電圧が前記負荷の動作可能電圧以上でかつ前記太陽光発電システムの耐圧電圧を超えない所定の電圧値となるように前記駆動制御装置を制御する信号を出力する演算制御装置と
を備えたことを特徴とする開放電圧制御システム。 - 前記駆動制御装置は、前記太陽電池パネルを照射する日射量を変更する日射量可変装置であり、
前記演算制御装置は、前記開放電圧測定装置が測定した開放電圧に基づいて、前記ストリングから発生する開放電圧が前記所定の電圧値になるように日射量を変更する信号を前記日射量可変装置に出力すること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の開放電圧制御システム。 - 前記駆動制御装置は、前記太陽電池パネル面の方位、傾きの少なくとも一つを変更する向き可変装置であり、
前記演算制御装置は、前記開放電圧測定装置が測定した開放電圧に基づいて、日射の方向と開放電圧との関係から、前記ストリングから発生する開放電圧が前記所定の電圧値になるように前記太陽電池パネル面の方位、傾きの少なくとも一つを変更する信号を前記向き可変装置に出力すること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の開放電圧制御システム。 - 前記太陽電池パネルの温度を測定する温度計を更に有し、
前記駆動制御装置は、前記太陽電池パネルの温度を変更する温度可変装置であり、
前記演算制御装置は、前記開放電圧測定装置が測定した開放電圧に基づいて、セル温度と開放電圧との関係から、前記ストリングから発生する開放電圧が前記所定の電圧値になるようにセル温度を変更する信号を前記温度可変装置に出力すること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の開放電圧制御システム。 - 前記駆動制御装置は、複数の前記太陽電池パネルの直列接続数を変更する回路可変装置であり、
前記演算制御装置は、前記開放電圧測定装置が測定した開放電圧に基づいて、直列接続数と開放電圧との関係から、前記ストリングから発生する開放電圧が前記負荷の動作可能電圧以上でかつ前記太陽光発電システムの耐圧電圧を超えない所定範囲内の電圧値になるように前記太陽電池パネルの接続数を変更する信号を前記回路可変装置に出力すること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の開放電圧制御システム。 - 前記太陽電池パネルのセル温度を測定する温度計を更に有し、
前記駆動制御装置は、前記太陽電池パネルを照射する日射量を変更する日射量可変装置であり、
前記演算制御装置は、前記開放電圧測定装置が測定した開放電圧と前記セル温度とに基づいて、前記セル温度における日射と開放電圧との関係から、前記ストリングから発生する開放電圧が前記所定の電圧値になるように日射量を変更する信号を前記日射量可変装置に出力することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の開放電圧制御システム。
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