WO2012020012A1 - Article de béton comprenant une surface avec une faible porosité ouverte - Google Patents

Article de béton comprenant une surface avec une faible porosité ouverte Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012020012A1
WO2012020012A1 PCT/EP2011/063677 EP2011063677W WO2012020012A1 WO 2012020012 A1 WO2012020012 A1 WO 2012020012A1 EP 2011063677 W EP2011063677 W EP 2011063677W WO 2012020012 A1 WO2012020012 A1 WO 2012020012A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
mould
high performance
article
performance concrete
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/063677
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012020012A4 (fr
Inventor
Jeffrey Chen
Matthieu Horgnies
Mélanie DYKMAN
Patrick Tintillier
Eléonore GUEIT
Original Assignee
Lafarge
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lafarge filed Critical Lafarge
Priority to EP11740942.5A priority Critical patent/EP2603471A1/fr
Publication of WO2012020012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012020012A1/fr
Publication of WO2012020012A4 publication Critical patent/WO2012020012A4/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/38—Treating surfaces of moulds, cores, or mandrels to prevent sticking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/38—Treating surfaces of moulds, cores, or mandrels to prevent sticking
    • B28B7/384—Treating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00413—Materials having an inhomogeneous concentration of ingredients or irregular properties in different layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
    • C04B2111/2069—Self cleaning materials, e.g. using lotus effect
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of concrete articles, in particular concrete articles having a surface which is visible.
  • the appearance of a visible surface of a concrete article may be defaced when there are stains on the visible walls.
  • the stains may be liquid foods (e.g. coffee, wine, fruit juice), solvents, oil, felt pens, solid powder, etc. These stains may be difficult to remove.
  • Concrete being a material having substantial open porosity, stains such as ink of felt pens, or more generally, a coloured solid or liquid component, tend to penetrate beyond the surface of the concrete and encrust itself in the open pore structure. It is often difficult to completely remove the stain made by such components with typical cleaning techniques.
  • a drawback is that an additional finishing step to apply the coating or the varnish is necessary after making the concrete article.
  • the application of a coating may further not be possible when it is preferred to see the original surface of the concrete part.
  • Another drawback is that the application of a varnish onto the concrete wall may be a difficult operation due to the open porosity of the concrete. It may indeed be necessary to apply several layers of varnish to suitably cover the surface.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a concrete article having a surface which has a low open porosity, said surface being obtained during the production of the concrete article in order to avoid penetration and absorption of liquid or solid components on the surface.
  • an article in particular, an article for the construction field, comprising:
  • the present invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the article described herein above, comprising the steps of:
  • a demoulding composition comprising an aqueous solution comprising at least 1 % of a surfactant; -introducing the high performance concrete or the ultra high performance concrete in the fresh state into the mould;
  • the present invention also relates to a demoulding composition, for the process described herein above, comprising an aqueous solution comprising at least 1 % of a surfactant.
  • the protection layer comprising the particles of calcium dihydroxide (and after carbonation, particles of calcium carbonate or the mix of particles of calcium dihydroxide and particles of calcium carbonate) than on a typical concrete wall;
  • -cleaning of stains on the surface covered by the protection layer can be carried out easily, for example with a wet sponge;
  • hydraulic binder » is understood according to the present invention as a pulverulent material, which, mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens as a result of hydration reactions, and which, after hardening, retains its strength and its stability, even under water.
  • the term « concrete » is understood according to the present invention as a mix of hydraulic binder, (for example cement), aggregates, water, optionally additives, and optionally mineral additions.
  • hydraulic binder for example cement
  • Examples of concrete suitable for the present invention are high performance concrete, ultra high performance concrete, self-placing concrete, self-levelling concrete, self-compacting concrete, fibre- reinforced concrete, ready-mix concrete or coloured concrete. This definition also comprises pre-stressed concrete.
  • the term « concrete » comprises mortars, in this specific case, the concrete comprises a mix of hydraulic binder, sand, water, and optionally additives and optionally mineral additions.
  • the term « concrete » according to the invention denotes indistinctly fresh concrete or hardened concrete.
  • high performance concrete » is understood according to the present invention as a concrete for which the compressive strength at 28 days is from 60 to 100 MPa.
  • ultra high performance concrete » is understood according to the present invention as a concrete for which the compressive strength at 28 days is greater than 100 MPa, generally greater than 120 MPa.
  • Aggregates suitable for the present invention are gravel, fine gravel and/or sand.
  • Portland cement » is understood according to the present invention as a cement of CEM I , CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV or CEM V type according to the NF EN 197-1 « Cement » Standard.
  • mineral additions » is understood according to the present invention as a finely divided mineral material used in concrete in order to improve certain properties or to give it particular properties.
  • mineral additions suitable for the present inventions are fly ash (as defined in the EN 450 Standard), silica fume (as defined in the EN 13263 Standard: 1998 or the NF P 18-502 Standard), slag (as defined in the NF P 18-516 Standard), limestone additions (as defined in the NF P 18-508 Standard) and siliceous additions (as defined in the NF P 18-509 Standard).
  • setting » is understood according to the present invention as the passage to the solid state by chemical hydration reaction of a hydraulic binder.
  • the setting is generally followed by the hardening period.
  • article for the construction field » is understood according to the present invention as any constituent element of a construction.
  • suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to, a floor, a screed, a foundation, a wall, a partition wall, a ceiling, a beam, a work top, a pillar, a bridge pier, a concrete block, a pipeline, a post, a cornice, an element of road works (for example a border of a pavement), a roof tile, a plaster board, an (acoustic and/or thermal) insulating element.
  • the surfactant or surface agent suitable for the present invention is a compound which reduces the superficial tension of a liquid and/or which lowers the interface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.
  • the expression « open porosity » is understood according to the present invention as the pores which communicate with the exterior of the article and which may theoretically be filled with a fluid from the exterior of the article.
  • the expression « roughness » is understood according to the present invention as irregularities, of the order of the micrometre of a surface, which are defined by comparison with a reference surface, and are classed into two categories: asperities or "peaks” or “protrusions", and cavities or “hollows”.
  • the roughness of a given surface may be determined by measuring a certain number of parameters.
  • the parameter R a is used, as defined by the NF E 05-015 and ISO 4287 Standards, corresponding to the arithmetic average of all the profile ordinates within a reference length (in our examples, the latter was set at 12.5 mm).
  • the present invention relates to an article comprising a concrete element having a surface with more than 60 %, preferably more than 80 %, more preferably more than 90 %, in particular more than 95 % of the surface covered by particles of calcium dihydroxide.
  • the surface of the article can have any shape or orientation.
  • it can be a plane surface or a curved surface. It can be a horizontal, vertical or inclined surface. It can correspond to a top, bottom or lateral surface of the article.
  • the protection layer comprising the particles
  • the protection layer is initially a layer of particles of calcium dihydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) mainly constituted (more than 90 %) of particles of Portlandite. These are crystals of calcium hydroxide which grow during the hydration of the concrete.
  • a carbonation reaction of the particles of Portlandite occurs upon contact with the air typically within a year of production of the article, so that the calcium dihydroxide transforms partially or totally over time into calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ). Therefore, over time, the original layer of particles of calcium dihydroxide therefore transforms into a layer of a mix of calcium dihydroxide and calcium carbonate and finally into a layer of calcium carbonate.
  • the adjacent particles of calcium dihydroxide on the surface of the concrete article tend to merge and/or to partially cover each other so that the surface of the concrete element is at least partially covered by a continuous layer of particles of calcium dihydroxide.
  • the thickness of the layer varies from 1 to 30 ⁇ , preferably from 2 to 20 ⁇ , most preferably from 5 to 15 ⁇ .
  • the average Ferret diameter of the particles of calcium dihydroxide, considered separately, viewed perpendicularly to the surface of the concrete element is greater than or equal to 150 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 200 ⁇ , more preferably greater than or equal to 250 ⁇ .
  • the particles may join together and form a continuous film of calcium dihydroxide, in which case it may not be possible to measure the Ferret diameter.
  • Each particle of calcium dihydroxide corresponds to a crystal.
  • the base of the crystal corresponds to the surface of the crystal, having the highest area, in contact with the surface of the concrete element.
  • the orientation of the base of each crystal can be measured with respect to a plane corresponding locally to the surface of the concrete element.
  • at least 50 %, preferably at least 70 %, more preferably at least 80 %, of the particles of calcium dihydroxide correspond to a crystal having a base in contact with the concrete article which is substantially parallel to the plane formed by the surface of the concrete element.
  • the local difference between the direction of the base of the crystal and the plane formed by the surface of the concrete element is less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees, more preferably less than 10 degrees.
  • the roughness R a of the layer formed by the particles of calcium dihydroxide may be from 1 to 10 ⁇ , preferably from 1 to 5 ⁇ , more preferably from 1 to 2 ⁇ .
  • the surface water absorption level of the concrete article covered by the protection layer of calcium dihydroxide measured 90 minutes after putting the concrete article in contact with the water, is less than or equal to 300 g/m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 275 g/m 2 , the said article having been kept for one month at 25°C in an atmosphere of 25 % humidity, then for 6 days at 45°C.
  • the concrete used in the present invention is a high performance concrete.
  • the compressive strength of the high performance concrete at 28 days is greater than or equal to 60 MPa.
  • the concrete is an ultra high performance concrete.
  • the compressive strength of the ultra high performance concrete at 28 days is greater than or equal to 100 MPa.
  • the ultra high performance concrete may for example be an ultra high performance fibre-reinforced concrete.
  • Ultra high performance fibre-reinforced concretes are concretes having a cement matrix comprising fibres as described for example in the document entitled « Betons fibres a ultra-hautes performances » [Ultra High Performance Fibre- Reinforced Concrete] by the Service d'etudes techniques des routes et autoroutes - Setra [Technical Study Department of Roads and Highways] and by the Association Francaise de Genie Civil - AFGC [French Association of Civil Engineering].
  • the fibres are suitably metallic, organic, mineral or mixture thereof.
  • the amount of fibres is generally low, for example from 1 to 8 % by volume.
  • the concrete may comprise a hydraulic binder and the water/cement ratio (W/C) of the concrete in the fresh state may be suitable less than or equal to 0.34, preferably less than or equal to 0.28, more preferably less than or equal to 0.26.
  • W/C water/cement ratio
  • the cement matrix may comprise cement (Portland), an element having a pozzolanic reaction (in particular silica fume) and a fine sand.
  • the cement matrix may comprise:
  • silica flour optionally silica flour
  • the amounts being variable and the dimensions of the different elements being selected between the range of the micron or submicron and the millimetre, with a maximum dimension generally not exceeding 5 mm;
  • a superplasticizer being generally added with the mixing water.
  • a cement matrix examples are described in patent applications EP-A- 518777, EP-A-934915, WO-A-9501316, WO-A-9501317, WO-A-9928267, WO-A- 9958468, WO-A-9923046, WO-A-0158826, WO2008/090481 , WO2009/081277.
  • thermal cure may be applied on these concretes.
  • the thermal cure comprises, heating to a temperature of 60°C or more for several hours, typically 90°C for 48 hours.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the article as described herein above, comprising the following steps:
  • a demoulding composition comprising an aqueous solution comprising at least 1 % of a surfactant
  • the mould has a roughness R a less than or equal to 10 ⁇ , preferably less than or equal to 5 ⁇ , more preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ .
  • the mould may be of polyvinyl chloride.
  • the parts of the mould in contact with the demoulding composition do not comprise steel, silicone, polyurethane or polyoxymethylene.
  • the coating of the mould with the demoulding composition may be carried out by known methods, for example by application with a brush, with a rag cloth or roller, by dipping or by spraying, the last application mode being preferred.
  • the quantity of composition to be applied is selected so as to be sufficient to form a continuous film on the entire surface of the mould intended to be put in contact with the concrete.
  • the thickness of the formed film of the demoulding composition is generally by the order of 1 to 15 micrometres.
  • the quantity of the demoulding composition depends on its viscosity and hence on its formulation.
  • the material and the topology of the mould may also be factors to consider.
  • the present invention also relates to a demoulding composition, for use of the process described herein above, comprising an aqueous solution comprising at least 1 % of the surfactant, preferably at least 5 % of the surfactant, more preferably at least 10 % by weight of the surfactant, for example at least 15 % of the surfactant.
  • the demoulding composition may comprise less than 50 % by weight of the surfactant.
  • the demoulding composition does not comprise oil.
  • the surfactant may be an electrically neutral compound.
  • hydrophilic-lipophilic ratio of a surfactant may be given as the value or
  • HLB ratio hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • M is the mass of the molecule of the surfactant and M h is the mass of the hydrophilic part of the molecule of the surfactant.
  • the surfactant has a hydrophilic-lipophilic ratio less than or equal to 16, preferably less than or equal to 1 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 8,
  • surfactants adapted to the demoulding composition according to the invention are alkoxy derivatives based on chains, for example:
  • tristyryl phenol for example tristyryl phenol, phenol and alkyl aryl phenols (for example tristyryl phenol 10 EO and nonyl phenol 8 EO, octyl phenol 7 EO);
  • sugar esters and sugar derivatives for example sorbitan monooleate polyglycol ether 20 EO and sorbitan trioleate polyglycol ether 20 EO;
  • polypropylene glycol and polybutylene glycol for example polymers by EO- PO-EO blocks and the PO-EO polymers
  • - triglycerides for example ethoxylated castor oil 40 EO.
  • the symbol EO is understood as ethylene oxide and the symbol PO is understood as propylene oxide.
  • All the families and products may have an alkyl group or a proplyene oxide group or a butylene oxide group on the terminal hydroxyl group (for example: alcohol C12-14 polyglycol ether (8EO) ter-butyl ether).
  • the demoulding composition may comprise a mix of at least two different surfactants.
  • the surfactant may be a ethoxylated fatty alcohol or a mix of ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • the ethoxylated fatty alcohol may comprise a lipophilic portion comprising from 6 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the ethoxylated fatty alcohol may comprise a hydrophilic portion comprising from 1 to 100 ethoxy groups, preferably from 3 to 30 ethoxy groups, more preferably from 4 to 20 ethoxy groups.
  • the demoulding may further comprise one or more compounds selected from a stabilizer, a dispersant, a preservative, a thickener and a thixotropic agent.
  • the cement used was a white cement produced by Lafarge coming from the Le General site. It was of the CEM I 52.5 PMES type according to the EN 197-1 Standard.
  • the superplasticizer F2 was a polycarboxylate polyoxyalkylene in aqueous phase. The water/cement ratio was 0.26.
  • the concrete was an ultra high performance concrete that was not fibre-reinforced.
  • the ultra high performance concrete according to formulation (1) was produced with a mixer of the RAYNERI type. The entire operation was carried out at 20°C.
  • the method of preparation comprised the following steps:
  • the cement used was a grey cement produced by Lafarge coming from the Val d'Azergues site. It was of the CEM I 52.5 PMES type according to the EN 197-1 Standard.
  • the sand was a 0/4 mm siliceous sand according to the standard sand disclosed in the standard EN 196-1 entitled « Methods of testing cements - Part 1 : Determination of strenght Yale
  • the superplasticizer CHRYSOTM Fluid Optima 203 was a polycarboxylate polyoxyalkylene in aqueous phase. The water/cement ratio was 0.496.
  • the mortar according to formulation (2) was produced with a mixer of the Perrier type. The entire operation was carried out at 20°C.
  • the method of preparation comprised the following steps:
  • the cement used was a grey cement produced by Lafarge coming from the Val d'Azergues site. It was of the CEM I 52.5 PMES type according to the EN 197-1 Standard. The water/cement ratio was 0.388.
  • the cement paste according to formulation (3) was produced with a mixer of the Perrier type. The entire operation was carried out at 20°C.
  • the method of preparation comprised the following steps:
  • the image was analyzed using the ImageJ software, which can be downloaded free of charge from the website of the National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Only the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 with a surface greater than 0.1 mm 2 were taken into account. The number of particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 per mm 2 of the surface of the specimen was measured. The Ferret diameter was determined for each particle, the Ferret diameter corresponding to the greatest distance between two parallel straight lines which were tangent to the contour of the particle. The average Ferret diameter of the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 of the specimen was determined as the average of the Ferret diameters of the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 .
  • the test consisted of measuring, over time, the mass of water absorbed by the surface of a sample. This method is described in the documents « Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes » ASTM C 1585-04 and « Water Sorptivity of Mortars and Concretes - a Review » Magazine of Concrete Research 41 (147) (1989) : 51-61.
  • the analyzed samples were in the form of parallelepiped plates, having a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. The surface of the plate corresponded to the surface to be tested. The other sides of the sample were covered with a waterproof layer, for example a layer of epoxy resin.
  • the tests took place below a temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of 50 %.
  • the dry mass of the sample also had to be constant to carry out the test.
  • the sample was stored for one month at 25° C and at 50 % relative humidity, then was dried in a ventilated drying oven at 45°C for 6 days, until reaching a dry state, then left 30 minutes in the laboratory at ambient temperature before carrying out the test.
  • the initial mass (m 0 ) of the sample was measured after application of the water-proof layer on the other sides of the sample.
  • the area (a) of the surface of the sample in contact with the water was measured.
  • the sample was overturned and the surface to be tested was immersed in water contained in a receptacle.
  • the sample was plunged 3mm into the water in the receptacle. Measurements of the surface water-absorption rate of the sample were carried out at successive time periods. With this aim, at each time period, the sample was removed from the receptacle, dried using a damp cloth, then weighed and replaced in the receptacle. The time periods selected for the tests were the following: 1 , 4, 9, 18, 25, 36, 49, 64, 90 and 230 minutes.
  • the rate of surface water absorption (i) of the sample in water (given in g/m 2 ) was then defined by the following relation:
  • m x is the mass of the sample at a given time period (g)
  • a is the area of the surface of the sample in contact with the water (m 2 ).
  • the measurement was carried out with a roughness meter with a sensor, commercialised by MITUTOYO under the brand name of SURFTEST SJ-201 M.
  • the average roughness parameter (R a ) was measured five times over a distance of 12.5 mm and the roughness value R a was equal to the average of these five measurements.
  • the concrete sample was cut in a cubic specimen the height of which was 1 cm.
  • the inclination of the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or of CaC0 3 was estimated by visual inspection of the obtained images.
  • the compound Z was distilled water.
  • the surfactants A, B, C, D, E, F and G were ethoxylated fatty alcohols of formula R-(OC 2 H 4 ) n OH where R was an aliphatic hydrocarbonated chain comprising m carbon atoms.
  • R was an aliphatic hydrocarbonated chain comprising m carbon atoms.
  • the values of the numbers m and n are given in Table 5 herein below Table 5 - Surfactant
  • a concrete sample was made and tested for each demoulding composition.
  • a concrete according to formulation (1) was prepared.
  • a mould in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used.
  • the mould had a roughness of approximately 1 ⁇ .
  • the demoulding composition was applied on the internal walls of the mould with 15 grams of the demoulding composition per square metre of the mould.
  • the concrete was poured in the PVC mould approximately 15 minutes after the application of the demoulding composition without stirring.
  • the mould containing the concrete was kept for 20 hours, then the concrete sample was removed from the mould.
  • the sample corresponded to a parallelepiped having a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the sample was stored for 7 days at 25°C and 50 % relative humidity.
  • the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 covered the surface of the concrete sample quite uniformly in such a way that they could not be counted separately.
  • the thickness of the layer was about 10 ⁇ .
  • the roughness of the sample was too high to make a reliable measurement.
  • the demoulding composition only comprised distilled water, there was no formation of particles or Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 on the surface of the sample.
  • the number of particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 per mm 2 of concrete increased when the concentration of surfactant increased.
  • the number of particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 per mm 2 of concrete increased, for a same concentration of surfactant, when the hydrophobicity of the surfactant increased.
  • the average angle of inclination of the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 relative to the measurement surface decreased when the hydrophobicity of the surfactant increased. This means that the basal sides of the particles of Ca(OH) 2 and/or CaC0 3 tend to be parallel to the measurement surface when the hydrophobicity of the surfactant increases.
  • a demoulding composition comprising 20 % by mass of the Lutensol T03 surfactant from BASF relative to the total mass of the demoulding composition was used.
  • a concrete sample according to formulation (1) was made.
  • a mould of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used.
  • the mould had a roughness R a of approximately 1 ⁇ .
  • the demoulding composition was applied on the internal walls of the mould with 15 grams of the demoulding composition per square metre of the mould.
  • the concrete was poured in the PVC mould approximately 15 minutes after the application of the demoulding composition.
  • the mould containing the concrete was kept 20 hours, then the concrete sample was removed from the mould.
  • the sample corresponded to a parallelepiped having a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the sample was stored for 7 days at 25°C and 50 % relative humidity.
  • Example 3A Four samples of concrete according to formulation (1) were made. The first of them (sample 3A) was moulded with a mould in silicone without using a demoulding agent (the silicone mould had a roughness R a of approximately 2 ⁇ ). In the three other cases (samples 3B, 3C and 3D), a polyvinyl chloride mould (PVC) was used. The PVC mould had a roughness R a of approximately 1 ⁇ . No demoulding agent was applied on the PVC mould in sample 3B.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride mould
  • An aqueous demoulding composition comprising 20 % by mass of the Lutensol T03 surfactant from BASF (relative to the total mass of the demoulding composition) was applied on the internal walls of the mould of sample 3C with 15 grams of the demoulding composition per square metre of the mould.
  • An aqueous demoulding composition comprising 20 % by mass of the Lutensol T03 surfactant from BASF and 50% by mass of EC02 oil from Chryso (relative to the total mass of the demoulding composition) was applied on the internal walls of the mould of sample 3D with 15 grams of the demoulding composition per square metre of the mould.
  • the concrete was then poured without stirring in the different moulds approximately 15 minutes after the application of the demoulding composition.
  • the moulds containing the concrete were kept 20 hours, then the concrete samples 3C and 3D were removed from the mould.
  • Each sample corresponded to a parallelepiped having a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • sample 3C obtained with a PVC mould and with a demoulding composition comprising a mix of water and surfactant, was less than the surface absorption rate of sample 3B obtained with a PVC mould and without using a demoulding agent. This means that sample 3C had reduced open porosity and would absorb less quantity of staining liquid or solid than sample 3B.
  • sample 3D obtained with a PVC mould and with a demoulding composition comprising a mix of water, surfactant and oil was higher than the surface absorption rate of sample 3C, obtained with a demoulding composition comprising a mix of water and surfactant. This means that sample 3C had reduced open porosity and would absorb less quantity of staining liquid or solid than sample 3D.
  • sample 3A obtained with a silicone mould and without using a demoulding agent was higher than the surface absorption rate of sample 3C, obtained with a demoulding composition comprising a mix of water and surfactant. This means that sample 3C had reduced open porosity and would absorb less quantity of staining liquid or solid than sample 3A.
  • Figure 1 represents the evolution curves of the water-absorption rates for the surfaces of samples 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D during the measurement period.
  • a polyvinyl chloride mould (PVC) was used for the two samples 4A and 4B.
  • the PVC mould had a roughness R a of approximately 1 ⁇ .
  • No demoulding agent was applied on the PVC mould in sample 4A.
  • An aqueous demoulding composition comprising 20 % by mass of the Lutensol T03 surfactant from BASF (relative to the total mass of the demoulding composition) was applied on the internal walls of the mould of sample 4B with 15 grams of the demoulding composition per square metre of the mould.
  • the mortar was then poured without stirring in the different moulds approximately 15 minutes after the application of the demoulding composition.
  • the moulds containing the mortar were kept 18 hours, then the mortar samples 4A and 4B were removed from the mould.
  • Each sample corresponded to a parallelepiped having a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the surface absorption rates of mortar samples 4A and 4B were superior to the surface absorption rate of sample 3C of Example 3 (table 7) obtained with a ultra high performance concrete according to formulation (1) and with a demoulding composition comprising a mix of water and surfactant. This means that sample 3C had reduced open porosity and would absorb less quantity of staining liquid or solid than mortar samples 4A and 4B.
  • a polyvinyl chloride mould (PVC) was used for the two samples 5A and 5B.
  • the PVC mould had a roughness R a of approximately 1 ⁇ .
  • No demoulding agent was applied on the PVC mould in sample 5A.
  • An aqueous demoulding composition comprising 20 % by mass of the Lutensol T03 surfactant from BASF (relative to the total mass of the demoulding composition) was applied on the internal walls of the mould of sample 5B with 15 grams of the demoulding composition per square metre of the mould.
  • the cement paste was then poured without stirring in the different moulds approximately 15 minutes after the application of the demoulding composition.
  • the moulds containing the cement paste were kept 18 hours, then the mortar samples 5A and 5B were removed from the mould.
  • Each sample corresponded to a parallelepiped having a length of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the surface absorption rates of cement paste samples 5A and 5B were superior to the surface absorption rate of sample 3C of Example 3 (table 7) obtained with a ultra high performance concrete according to formulation (1) and with a demoulding composition comprising a mix of water and surfactant. This means that sample 3C had reduced open porosity and would absorb less quantity of staining liquid or solid than cement paste samples 5A and 5B.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un article comprenant un article comprenant un élément constitué d'un béton à haute performance ou d'un béton à ultra haute performance, ledit élément comprenant une surface ; et des particules de dihydroxyde de calcium couvrant plus de 60% de la surface. Elle concerne aussi un procédé pour la préparation d'un tel article comprenant le revêtement des parois d'un moule avec une composition de démoulage comprenant une solution aqueuse comprenant au moins 1% d'un tensioactif, l'introduction du béton à l'état frais dans le moule ; et le retrait de l'article du moule après prise du béton.
PCT/EP2011/063677 2010-08-11 2011-08-09 Article de béton comprenant une surface avec une faible porosité ouverte WO2012020012A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11740942.5A EP2603471A1 (fr) 2010-08-11 2011-08-09 Article de béton comprenant une surface avec une faible porosité ouverte

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1056547 2010-08-11
FR1056547A FR2963789B1 (fr) 2010-08-11 2010-08-11 Element en beton dont la surface est a faible porosite ouverte

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012020012A1 true WO2012020012A1 (fr) 2012-02-16
WO2012020012A4 WO2012020012A4 (fr) 2012-06-14

Family

ID=43066858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/063677 WO2012020012A1 (fr) 2010-08-11 2011-08-09 Article de béton comprenant une surface avec une faible porosité ouverte

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2603471A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2963789B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012020012A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2012099C2 (nl) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-20 Edwin Buijsman Werkwijze en inrichting voor het aanbrengen van ontkistingvloeistof.

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0518777A1 (fr) 1991-06-12 1992-12-16 Bouygues Mortier à très haute performance, bétons obtenus à partir de ce mortier et les éléments fabriqués avec ce mortier ou ce béton
WO1995001317A1 (fr) 1993-07-01 1995-01-12 Bouygues Procede et composition pour fabriquer des elements en beton ayant une resistance a la compression et une energie de fracturation remarquables et elements ainsi obtenus
WO1995001316A1 (fr) 1993-07-01 1995-01-12 Bouygues Composition de beton de fibres metalliques pour mouler un element en beton, elements obtenus et procede de cure thermique
WO1999023046A1 (fr) 1997-11-03 1999-05-14 Bouygues Laitier de cimentation d'un puits, notamment d'un puits petrolier
WO1999028267A1 (fr) 1997-11-27 1999-06-10 Bouygues Travaux Publics Beton de fibres metalliques, matrice cimentaire et pre-melanges pour la preparation de la matrice et du beton
EP0934915A1 (fr) 1998-02-06 1999-08-11 Entreprise Quillery & Cie Béton très haute performance, autonivelant, son procédé de preparation et son utilisation
WO1999058468A1 (fr) 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Bouygues Beton comportant des fibres organiques dispersees dans une matrice cimentaire, matrice cimentaire du beton et premelanges
WO2001058826A1 (fr) 2000-02-11 2001-08-16 Rhodia Chimie Composition de beton ultra haute performance resistant au feu
JP2001226787A (ja) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-21 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd コンクリート構造物の防汚方法
JP2005023545A (ja) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-27 Kankyo Kogaku Kk 蓄熱抑制ブロック
WO2007057510A1 (fr) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Nordkalk Oyj Abp Suspension aqueuse a base de liant hydraulique et procede de production correspondant
WO2008090481A2 (fr) 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Lafarge Nouvelle compositions de béton
WO2009081277A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Lafarge Composition de béton
JP2010155741A (ja) * 2008-12-26 2010-07-15 Taiheiyo Materials Corp 低発熱膨張性混和材

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0518777A1 (fr) 1991-06-12 1992-12-16 Bouygues Mortier à très haute performance, bétons obtenus à partir de ce mortier et les éléments fabriqués avec ce mortier ou ce béton
WO1995001317A1 (fr) 1993-07-01 1995-01-12 Bouygues Procede et composition pour fabriquer des elements en beton ayant une resistance a la compression et une energie de fracturation remarquables et elements ainsi obtenus
WO1995001316A1 (fr) 1993-07-01 1995-01-12 Bouygues Composition de beton de fibres metalliques pour mouler un element en beton, elements obtenus et procede de cure thermique
WO1999023046A1 (fr) 1997-11-03 1999-05-14 Bouygues Laitier de cimentation d'un puits, notamment d'un puits petrolier
WO1999028267A1 (fr) 1997-11-27 1999-06-10 Bouygues Travaux Publics Beton de fibres metalliques, matrice cimentaire et pre-melanges pour la preparation de la matrice et du beton
EP0934915A1 (fr) 1998-02-06 1999-08-11 Entreprise Quillery & Cie Béton très haute performance, autonivelant, son procédé de preparation et son utilisation
WO1999058468A1 (fr) 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Bouygues Beton comportant des fibres organiques dispersees dans une matrice cimentaire, matrice cimentaire du beton et premelanges
JP2001226787A (ja) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-21 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd コンクリート構造物の防汚方法
WO2001058826A1 (fr) 2000-02-11 2001-08-16 Rhodia Chimie Composition de beton ultra haute performance resistant au feu
JP2005023545A (ja) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-27 Kankyo Kogaku Kk 蓄熱抑制ブロック
WO2007057510A1 (fr) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Nordkalk Oyj Abp Suspension aqueuse a base de liant hydraulique et procede de production correspondant
WO2008090481A2 (fr) 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Lafarge Nouvelle compositions de béton
WO2009081277A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Lafarge Composition de béton
JP2010155741A (ja) * 2008-12-26 2010-07-15 Taiheiyo Materials Corp 低発熱膨張性混和材

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Calculation of HLB Values of Non-Ionic Surfactants", JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS, vol. 5, 1954, pages 259
"Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes", ASTM C 1585-04
"Water Sorptivity of Mortars and Concretes - a Review", MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 41, no. 147, 1989, pages 51 - 61
J.DICK ET AL.: "Bio-deposition of a calcium carbonate layer on degraded limestone by bacillus species", BIODEGRADATION, vol. 17, 2006, pages 357 - 367, XP002626318 *
N.R.BUENFELD, J.B.NEWMAN: "The development and stability of surface layers", CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 16, 1986, pages 721 - 732, XP002626317 *
R.M.DHEILLY,J.TUDO,Y.SEBAI BI,M.QUENEUDEC: "INFLUENCE OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE CARBONATION OF POWDERED CA(OH)2", CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 16, 2002, pages 155 - 161, XP002627153 *
See also references of EP2603471A1 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2012099C2 (nl) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-20 Edwin Buijsman Werkwijze en inrichting voor het aanbrengen van ontkistingvloeistof.
US9452453B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-09-27 Edwin Buijsman System and method for uniformly applying a wetting agent to a treatment surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2603471A1 (fr) 2013-06-19
FR2963789A1 (fr) 2012-02-17
WO2012020012A4 (fr) 2012-06-14
FR2963789B1 (fr) 2013-02-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2774395C (fr) Melange de beton ayant des proprietes anti-efflorescence et procede permettant de fabriquer du beton au moyen de ce melange
CN101759408B (zh) 疏水化的含水泥的组合物
Gonzalez et al. Evaluation of freeze/thaw and scaling response of nanoconcrete for Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements
Valcuende et al. Influence of limestone filler and viscosity-modifying admixture on the porous structure of self-compacting concrete
CN102358693B (zh) 一种找平砂浆及基于该找平砂浆的地面施工工艺
Chouhan et al. Influence of dimensional stone waste on mechanical and durability properties of mortar: A review
DK2686282T3 (en) MINERAL BUILDING MATERIALS
US20130273319A1 (en) Method for treating a concrete surface to provide a photocatalytic coating
Chindaprasirt et al. Hydrophobicity and efflorescence of lightweight fly ash geopolymer incorporated with calcium stearate
Alzboon et al. Effect of using stone cutting waste on the compression strength and slump characteristics of concrete
Silva et al. Short-and long-term properties of lime mortars with water-reducers and a viscosity-modifier
Sun et al. Designing a superhydrophobic quality and strengthening mechanism for foam concrete
Kherraf et al. Comparative study on the performance of sand-based mortars from marble, floor tile and cinder block waste
EP2603471A1 (fr) Article de béton comprenant une surface avec une faible porosité ouverte
US9499444B2 (en) Alkyl ester polystyrene blends for use in concrete
JP2004224631A (ja) ポリマー水硬性組成物
Bouharoun et al. Interactions between superplasticizer and release agents at the concrete/formwork interface
Bauerová et al. Lime mortars with linseed oil: engineering properties and durability
CN111559890A (zh) 一种清水混凝土
Kosmatka Bleed water
Tiwari et al. Characterization of Polymeric Concrete for Pavement Construction
Bouharoun Influence of paste volume, type of release agents, and contact pressure on the quality of concrete surfaces
Du Nanotechnology Applied to High Volume Fly Ash Concrete and Its Resistance to Freeze/Thaw Damage
Do et al. Feasibility study on the utilization as repair grouting of high flowable polymer-modified cement mortar, adding high volume polyacrylic ester (PAE)
Mohseni Effect of formwork’s parameters on surface properties of different concrete mix designs

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11740942

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2011740942

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2011740942

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE