WO2012018053A1 - 熱電発電装置 - Google Patents
熱電発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012018053A1 WO2012018053A1 PCT/JP2011/067796 JP2011067796W WO2012018053A1 WO 2012018053 A1 WO2012018053 A1 WO 2012018053A1 JP 2011067796 W JP2011067796 W JP 2011067796W WO 2012018053 A1 WO2012018053 A1 WO 2012018053A1
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- temperature
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 54
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for converting thermal energy into electrical energy using a thermoelectric element. More specifically, the present invention uses a heat engine, a heat pump, or the like as a thermal energy source, and generates power using a temperature difference generated by the thermal energy source. It is related to the technology to do.
- thermoelectric power generation layer composed of a thermoelectric conversion element is provided between an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and a high-temperature heat medium (hot water, steam, exhaust gas, etc.) is introduced into the inner pipe from a boiler or an internal combustion engine.
- a thermoelectric power generation module that generates power by a temperature difference between the inner tube and the outer tube can be cited (Patent Document 1).
- the temperature of the outer tube that is in contact with the outside air is lower than the temperature of the inner tube through which a high-temperature heat medium is flowing.
- Power can be generated by thermoelectric conversion.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-36439 Japanese Patent No. 2275410
- thermoelectric conversion is performed only by the power generation layer disposed in the space of the single layer between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the temperature difference generated by the thermal energy source is efficiently used. Thermoelectric power generation cannot be performed.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a fundamental problem that power generation efficiency is not good because thermoelectric conversion is performed by a relatively small temperature difference between a high-temperature heat medium and outside air.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric power generation apparatus and a thermoelectric power generation method capable of generating power by thermoelectric conversion by efficiently using a temperature difference generated by a thermal energy source.
- thermoelectric generator (Aspect 1)
- the thermoelectric generator of the present invention is A high-temperature flow path through which a high-temperature heat medium flows; A low-temperature flow path through which a low-temperature heat medium flows than the high-temperature heat medium; A power generation layer that generates power by temperature difference,
- the high-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel are formed in a plurality of layers by alternately laminating each other concentrically, The power generation layer is provided between the high temperature channel and the low temperature channel adjacent to each other.
- This apparatus is configured to cause a temperature difference between the high temperature channel and the low temperature channel by flowing a high temperature heat medium through the high temperature channel and a low temperature heat medium through the low temperature channel.
- power generation by thermoelectric conversion is performed by a power generation layer provided between the low-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel.
- the power generation layer in this apparatus constitutes three or more layers (multilayers) of power generation layers sandwiched between the high-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel alternately arranged. Therefore, according to this apparatus, thermoelectric power generation can be performed by using the temperature difference generated by the thermal energy source much more efficiently than before by performing power generation by thermoelectric conversion using a plurality of power generation layers. Can do.
- the high-temperature heat medium is a heat medium in a pressurized state in the heat pump (a heat medium between the compressor and the expansion valve),
- the low-temperature heat medium is preferably a heat medium in a depressurized state (heat medium from the expansion valve to the compressor) in the heat pump.
- a heat pump is used as a heat energy source, and a temperature difference generated in one system of the heat pump, that is, a temperature difference between the pressurized heat medium and the depressurized heat medium. It is possible to perform thermoelectric power generation using the extremely efficiently.
- thermoelectric generator The high-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel adjacent to each other are partitioned by inner and outer double channel walls having a gap between each other,
- the power generation layer is An inner electrode formed on the outer surface of the inner channel wall;
- thermoelectric power generator (Aspect 2)
- a thermoelectric power generator according to another aspect of the present invention is provided.
- thermoelectric power generation can be performed using a heat pump as a thermal energy source.
- the use efficiency of the heat energy obtained from the heat pump can be increased by using a plurality of power generation layers.
- the temperature difference generated in one system called a heat pump that is, thermoelectric power generation is efficiently performed using a relatively large temperature difference between the pressurized heat medium and the depressurized heat medium. It can be carried out.
- thermoelectric generator The high-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel adjacent to each other are partitioned by inner and outer double channel walls having a gap between each other,
- the power generation layer is An inner electrode formed on the outer surface of the inner channel wall;
- Thermoelectric generator (Aspect 3) A high-temperature flow path through which a high-temperature heat medium (pressurized heat medium) in the second heat pump in a heat pump system in which the heat dissipation part of the first heat pump and the heat absorption part of the second heat pump are thermally connected to each other
- a low-temperature flow path through which a low-temperature heat medium (heat medium in a decompressed state) flows than the high-temperature heat medium in the second heat pump A power generation layer that generates power by temperature difference, The high-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel are formed by laminating each other, The power generation layer is provided between the high temperature channel and the low temperature channel.
- This apparatus uses the second heat pump as a thermal energy source, and utilizes the temperature difference generated by the second heat pump, that is, the temperature difference between the heat medium in a pressurized state and the heat medium in a reduced pressure state.
- Thermoelectric power generation Since the heat absorption part of the second heat pump is in thermal contact with the heat dissipation part of the first heat pump, the high temperature heat medium and the low temperature heat medium are compared with the case where the second heat pump is operated alone. A large temperature difference can be generated between the two. Since this device uses a plurality of power generation layers, the heat energy obtained from the second heat pump can be used with high efficiency, and a large temperature difference generated in the second heat pump can be used for thermoelectric conversion. Efficient thermoelectric power generation can be realized.
- thermoelectric power generation method (Aspect 1)
- thermoelectric power generation is performed using the temperature difference generated by the thermal energy source much more efficiently than before by performing power generation by thermoelectric conversion by a plurality of layers (multilayer) of power generation layers. Can do.
- the high-temperature heat medium is a heat medium in a pressurized state in the heat pump (a heat medium between the compressor and the expansion valve),
- the low-temperature heat medium is preferably a heat medium in a depressurized state (heat medium from the expansion valve to the compressor) in the heat pump.
- a heat pump is used as a heat energy source, and a temperature difference generated in one system of the heat pump, that is, a temperature difference between the pressurized heat medium and the depressurized heat medium. It is possible to perform thermoelectric power generation using the extremely efficiently.
- thermoelectric power generation method includes: A high-temperature flow path through which a high-temperature heat medium in the heat pump (pressurized heat medium) flows, and a heat medium that is lower in temperature than the high-temperature heat medium in the heat pump (heat medium in a decompressed state) flows.
- the low-temperature channel is formed by laminating each other, and power generation is performed by providing a power generation layer that generates thermoelectric power due to a temperature difference between the high-temperature channel and the low-temperature channel.
- a heat pump is used as a heat energy source, and a temperature difference generated in one system called the heat pump, that is, a relatively low temperature between the pressurized heat medium and the depressurized heat medium.
- Thermoelectric power generation can be performed efficiently using a large temperature difference.
- Thermoelectric power generation method (Aspect 3)
- a high-temperature flow path through which a high-temperature heat medium (pressurized heat medium) in the second heat pump in a heat pump system in which the heat dissipation part of the first heat pump and the heat absorption part of the second heat pump are thermally connected to each other
- a low-temperature flow path through which a heat medium having a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature heat medium in the second heat pump (heat medium in a reduced pressure state) is stacked on each other. It is characterized in that power generation is performed by providing a power generation layer for thermoelectric power generation due to a temperature difference between the channel and the flow path.
- the second heat pump is used as a thermal energy source, and a temperature difference generated by the second heat pump, that is, a temperature difference between a pressurized heat medium and a depressurized heat medium is used.
- Thermoelectric power generation Since the heat absorption part of the second heat pump is in thermal contact with the heat dissipation part of the first heat pump, compared with a case where the second heat pump is operated alone, a high-temperature heat medium and a low-temperature heat medium A large temperature difference can be generated between the two. Therefore, according to this method, thermoelectric power generation can be performed efficiently by using the second heat pump as a thermal energy source and utilizing a large temperature difference generated in one system called the second heat pump.
- thermoelectric power generation can be performed by efficiently using a temperature difference generated in one system serving as a thermal energy source.
- thermoelectric generator 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a first flow path body 10 through which a high-temperature heat medium 2H passes, a second flow path body 20 through which a low-temperature heat medium 2L passes, and a temperature difference.
- the first to third power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, and 30-3 that generate power by the power generation.
- the first flow path body 10 is a tubular body made of an electrically insulating material.
- the first flow path body 10 flows from the inlet 10a into which the high-temperature heat medium 2H flows, the outlet 10b from which the high-temperature heat medium 2H flows out, the first and second high-temperature flow paths 11 and 12, and the inlet 10a.
- Branching portion 13 for branching the high-temperature heat medium 2H into the first and second high-temperature flow paths 11 and 12, and the high-temperature heat medium 2H that has passed through the first and second high-temperature flow paths 11 and 12 are joined to the outlet.
- a merging portion 14 leading to 10b leading to 10b.
- the first high-temperature channel (inner high-temperature channel) 11 is a linear channel having a square cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the heat medium 2H.
- the second high-temperature channel (outside high-temperature channel) 12 is formed concentrically outside the first high-temperature channel 11.
- the second high-temperature channel 12 is a channel having a square annular cross section whose diagonal direction coincides with that of the first high-temperature channel 11.
- the second flow path body 20 is a tube formed of an electrically insulating material.
- the first flow path body 20 flows from the inlet 20a into which the low-temperature heat medium 2L flows, the outlet 20b from which the low-temperature heat medium 2L flows out, the first and second low-temperature flow paths 21 and 22, and the inlet 20a.
- the branch portion 23 that branches the low-temperature heat medium 2L into the first and second low-temperature flow paths 21 and 22 and the low-temperature heat medium 2L that has passed through the first and second low-temperature flow paths 21 and 22 are merged and exited. And a merging portion 24 leading to 20b.
- the first low-temperature flow path (inner low-temperature flow path) 21 is an annular flow path having a square cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the heat medium 2L.
- the first low-temperature channel 21 is formed at an intermediate position between the first high-temperature channel 11 and the second high-temperature channel 12 so that the diagonal directions of both the channels 11 and 12 coincide.
- the second low-temperature channel (outer low-temperature channel) 22 is formed concentrically outside the first low-temperature channel 21.
- the second low-temperature channel 22 is a channel having a square annular cross section whose diagonal direction coincides with that of the first low-temperature channel 21.
- the second low-temperature flow path 22 is formed outside the second high-temperature flow path 12 so that the diagonal direction of the flow path 12 coincides.
- the first power generation layer 30-1 includes an inner electrode 51 formed on the outer surface of the channel wall 41 of the first high temperature channel 11 and an inner surface of the inner channel wall 42 that defines the first low temperature channel 21. And a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements 55 that are electrically connected between the inner electrode 51 and the outer electrode 52 and generate power with a temperature difference generated at both ends.
- the second power generation layer 30-2 includes an inner electrode 51 formed on the outer surface of the outer channel wall 43 that defines the first low temperature channel 21, and an inner electrode that defines the second high temperature channel 12.
- An outer electrode 52 formed on the inner surface of the flow path wall 44, and a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements 55 that are electrically connected between the inner electrode 51 and the outer electrode 52 and generate electric power with a temperature difference generated at both ends.
- the third power generation layer 30-3 includes an inner electrode 51 formed on the outer surface of the outer channel wall 45 that defines the second high-temperature channel 12, and an inner electrode that defines the second low-temperature channel 22.
- An outer electrode 52 formed on the inner surface of the flow path wall 46, and a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements 55 that are electrically connected between the inner electrode 51 and the outer electrode 52 and generate electric power with a temperature difference generated at both ends.
- the inner electrodes 51 and the outer electrodes 52 of the first to third power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, and 30-3 are electrically connected by wirings 56 and 57, respectively.
- a pair of output terminals 56 a and 57 a extending from the wirings 56 and 57 are provided outside the second flow path body 20.
- the electric power generated by the first to third power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, 30-3 is taken out collectively from the pair of output terminals 56a, 57a.
- thermoelectric conversion element 55 in the first to third power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, 30-3 is arbitrary. Any form in which all thermoelectric conversion elements 55 are electrically connected in parallel with each other, all thermoelectric conversion elements 55 are electrically connected in series, or a series-parallel connection form in which series connection and parallel connection are combined. This form can also be adopted.
- thermoelectric generator 1 of the first embodiment configured as described above flows a high-temperature heat medium 2H through the first flow path body 10 and a low-temperature heat medium 2L through the second flow path body 12, respectively.
- a temperature difference between the high temperature channels 11 and 12 of the first channel body 10 and the low temperature channels 21 and 22 of the second channel body 12 are generated.
- 22 is used to generate power by thermoelectric conversion by the power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, 30-3.
- thermoelectric power is generated by the three power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, 30-3 sandwiched between the high-temperature flow paths 11, 12 and the low-temperature flow paths 21, 22 arranged alternately. Since power generation by conversion is performed, thermoelectric power generation can be performed by efficiently using the temperature difference between the high temperature heat medium 2H and the low temperature heat medium 2L.
- thermoelectric generator 1 can use a heat pump as its thermal energy source. That is, as the high-temperature heat medium 2H, the heat medium in a pressurized state in the heat pump (the heat medium between the compressor and the expansion valve) is used as the low-temperature heat medium 2L, and the heat in the decompressed state in the heat pump is used. A medium (a heat medium from the expansion valve to the compressor) is used.
- thermoelectric generator 1 the use of the three power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, 30-3 increases the use efficiency of thermal energy, and the temperature difference generated in one system called a heat pump. That is, by using a relatively large temperature difference between the heated heat medium (high-temperature heat medium 2H) and the depressurized heat medium (low-temperature heat medium 2L), the thermoelectric power can be generated extremely efficiently. It can generate electricity.
- thermoelectric generator having a two-layer power generation layer and a thermoelectric generator having four or more power generation layers are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
- the first high-temperature channel 11 has a square cross section, and the other channels 12, 21, and 22 have square cross sections.
- the channel has a square cross section. It is not limited. It may be rectangular or circular.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the thermoelectric generator 50 of the present invention is integrated with the heat pump system 60.
- the heat pump system 60 has two systems of heat pumps 61 and 62.
- the heat pumps 61 and 62 of each system are schematically configured by connecting a compressor 71, a heat radiating unit 72, an expansion valve 73, and a heat absorbing unit 74 in a loop shape with a refrigerant pipe 75.
- the heat radiating part 72 of one heat pump (first heat pump) 61 and the heat absorbing part 74 of the other heat pump (second heat pump) 62 are thermally connected to each other.
- the refrigerant pipe 75 of the second heat pump 62 includes an inner pipe 76, an outer pipe 77 provided concentrically outside the inner pipe 76, and a medium provided concentrically between the inner pipe 76 and the outer pipe 77.
- a portion 63 of a three-layer tube structure constituted by a tube 78 is included.
- the inside of the inner pipe 76 forms a high-temperature flow path 81 through which the refrigerant (high-temperature heat medium) 2H compressed by the compressor 71 passes.
- a space between the outer tube 77 and the middle tube 78 forms a low-temperature flow path 82 through which the refrigerant (low-temperature heat medium) 2L expanded by the expansion valve 73 passes.
- a power generation layer 80 that generates power due to a temperature difference is provided between the inner tube 76 and the middle tube 78 of the portion 63 of the three-layer tube structure.
- the power generation layer 80 includes an inner electrode 51 formed on the outer surface of the inner tube (flow channel wall) 76, an outer electrode 52 formed on the inner surface of the middle tube (flow channel wall) 78, and the inner electrode 51 and the outer electrode 52. And a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements 55 that generate electricity with a temperature difference generated at both ends.
- the inner electrodes 51 and the outer electrodes 52 are electrically connected to each other by wiring not shown.
- An output terminal (not shown) is drawn from each wiring to the outside of the outer tube 77. *
- the thermoelectric power generation apparatus 50 configured as described above uses the second heat pump 62 as a thermal energy source, and a temperature difference generated in one system called the second heat pump 62, that is, a heated heat medium (high temperature) Thermoelectric power generation is performed using the temperature difference between the heat medium 2H) and the heat medium in a reduced pressure state (low temperature heat medium 2L). Since the second heat pump 62 is in thermal contact with the heat dissipating part 72 of the first heat pump 62, the second heat pump 62 has a higher heat medium than the case where the second heat pump 62 is operated alone. A large temperature difference can be generated between 2H and the low-temperature heat medium 2L.
- thermoelectric power generation device 50 has only one power generation layer 80, since a large temperature difference generated in the second heat pump 62 can be used for thermoelectric conversion, highly efficient thermoelectric power generation can be realized.
- thermoelectric power generator 50 By connecting the heat pumps in multiple stages in three or more systems and incorporating the thermoelectric power generator 50 into the final stage heat pump, that is, the heat pump that finally receives heat from the heat radiating part of the previous stage heat pump, Higher efficiency thermoelectric power generation can be realized by utilizing the larger temperature difference generated.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of a thermoelectric power generation system that uses a heat pump system 90 including two heat pumps 91 and 92 as a heat energy source.
- the heat pumps 91 and 92 have the same configuration as the second heat pump 82 shown in FIG. 2, and the thermoelectric generators 50 (50-1 and 50-2) are integrally provided in the heat pumps 91 and 92, respectively.
- the heat radiating part 72 of the first heat pump 91 and the heat absorbing part 74 of the second heat pump 92 are thermally connected to each other.
- thermoelectric power generation can be performed using the temperature difference generated by the first heat pump 91 at the same time as thermoelectric power generation is performed using the temperature difference generated by the second heat pump 92. Since the temperature difference generated in the first heat pump 91 is smaller than the temperature difference generated in the second heat pump 92, the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric generator 50-1 provided in the first heat pump 91 is provided in the second heat pump 92. In the case where only the thermoelectric generator 50-2 provided in the second heat pump 92 is used by using both the thermoelectric generators 50-1 and 50-2, which is lower than the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric generator 50-2. Compared with, it can realize much larger power generation capacity.
- thermoelectric generator 50 is incorporated in each stage heat pump to form a power generation system, it is possible to achieve even greater power generation capacity.
- thermoelectric generator 1 of the first embodiment is used instead of the thermoelectric generator 50 (50-1, 50-2).
- thermoelectric generator 50 50-1, 50-2
- the use efficiency of heat energy can be increased by using the three power generation layers 30-1, 30-2, and 30-3, so that the heat pump is thermally connected to a plurality of systems.
- Thermoelectric power generation can be performed very efficiently by utilizing a large temperature difference generated in the heat pump system.
- thermoelectric power generation apparatus and thermoelectric power generation method of the present invention can be used for energy saving of various electric devices having a high temperature part and a low temperature part (a part having a lower temperature than the high temperature part) therein.
- a heat pump such as an air conditioner, a water heater, or a washing machine
- the electric power obtained by the power generation in the device itself a device with extremely high energy efficiency can be realized.
- thermoelectric generator of the present invention is modularized so that it can be installed in existing heat pump piping, it can be retrofitted to an electrical device using a heat pump to improve the energy efficiency of the electrical device. Can do.
- thermoelectric power generation apparatus and thermoelectric power generation method of the present invention can also generate power using a system that uses high-temperature steam for power generation, such as a nuclear power plant, a thermal power plant, or a geothermal power plant.
- a nuclear power plant is used as a thermal energy source
- high temperature steam that has passed through a turbine is passed as a high temperature heat medium through a high temperature flow path
- seawater is passed as a low temperature heat medium through a low temperature flow path
- Thermoelectric power generation can be performed using the temperature difference.
- thermoelectric power generation apparatus and the thermoelectric power generation method of the present invention can also generate power using the data center as a thermal energy source.
- air heated by heat generated by servers and storage in the data center is passed through a high-temperature flow path as a high-temperature heat medium, and water (seawater, groundwater, river water, etc.) and outside air are used as a low-temperature heat medium.
- thermoelectric power generation can be performed using the temperature difference between the two.
- Energy consumption of the data center can be promoted by consuming electric power obtained by the thermoelectric power generation at the data center.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の熱電発電装置は、
高温の熱媒体が流れる高温流路と、
前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体が流れる低温流路と、
温度差により発電する発電層とを有し、
前記高温流路と前記低温流路は、互いに同心状に交互に積層させて複数層ずつ形成され、
前記発電層は、互いに隣接する前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に設けられていることを特徴としている。
この装置における前記発電層は、交互に配置された前記高温流路と前記低温流路とに挟まれた3複数層(多層)の発電層を構成している。
したがって、この装置によれば、複数層(多層)の発電層によって熱電変換による発電を行うことにより、熱エネルギ源で発生する温度差を従来よりも格段と効率良く利用して熱電発電を行うことができる。
前記高温の熱媒体は、ヒートポンプにおける加圧された状態の熱媒体(圧縮機から膨張弁までの間の熱媒体)であり、
前記低温の熱媒体は、前記ヒートポンプにおける減圧された状態の熱媒体(膨張弁から圧縮機までの熱媒体)であることが望ましい。
互いに隣接する前記高温流路と前記低温流路とが、互いの間に隙間を有する内外二重の流路壁で仕切られ、
前記発電層は、
内側の流路壁の外面に形成された内側電極と、
外側の流路壁の内面に形成された外側電極と、
前記内側電極と前記外側電極との間に電気的に接続され、両端に生ずる温度差で発電を行う複数個の熱電変換素子とを有していることが望ましい。
本発明の別の態様の熱電発電装置は、
ヒートポンプ内の高温の熱媒体(加圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる高温流路と、
前記ヒートポンプ内の前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体(減圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる低温流路と、
温度差により発電する発電層とを有し、
前記高温流路と前記低温流路は、互いに積層させて形成され、
前記発電層は、前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に設けられていることを特徴としている。
この装置によれば、ヒートポンプを熱エネルギ源に使用して熱電発電を行うことができる。複数層の発電層の使用によりヒートポンプから得られる熱エネルギの利用効率を高めることができる。そして、ヒートポンプという一つの系で発生する温度差すなわち、前記加圧された状態の熱媒体と前記減圧された状態の熱媒体との間の比較的大きな温度差を利用して効率良く熱電発電を行うことができる。
互いに隣接する前記高温流路と前記低温流路とが、互いの間に隙間を有する内外二重の流路壁で仕切られ、
前記発電層は、
内側の流路壁の外面に形成された内側電極と、
外側の流路壁の内面に形成された外側電極と、
前記内側電極と前記外側電極との間に電気的に接続され、両端に生ずる温度差で発電を行う複数個の熱電変換素子とを有していることが望ましい。
第1ヒートポンプの放熱部と第2ヒートポンプの吸熱部とを互いに熱的に接続してなるヒートポンプシステムにおける第2ヒートポンプ内の高温の熱媒体(加圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる高温流路と、
前記第2ヒートポンプ内の前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体(減圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる低温流路と、
温度差により発電する発電層とを有し、
前記高温流路と前記低温流路は、互いに積層させて形成され、
前記発電層は、前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に設けられていることを特徴としている。
この装置は、第2ヒートポンプを熱エネルギ源に使用し、第2ヒートポンプで発生する温度差すなわち、加圧された状態の熱媒体と減圧された状態の熱媒体との間の温度差を利用して熱電発電を行う。第2ヒートポンプは、その吸熱部が第1のヒートポンプの放熱部と熱的に接触しているため、第2のヒートポンプを単独で運転した場合と比較して、高温の熱媒体と低温の熱媒体との間に大きな温度差を発生させることができる。
この装置は、複数層の発電層を使用するため、第2ヒートポンプから得られる熱エネルギを高効率で利用でき、且つ、第2のヒートポンプに発生する大きな温度差を熱電変換に利用できるため、高効率の熱電発電を実現できる。
本発明の熱電発電方法は、
高温の熱媒体が流れる高温流路と、前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体が流れる低温流路とを互いに同心状に交互に積層させて複数層ずつ形成するとともに、互いに隣接する前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に、温度差により熱電発電する発電層を設けて発電を行うことを特徴としている。
この方法で用いる前記発電層は、交互に配置された前記高温流路と前記低温流路とに挟まれた3複数層(多層)の発電層を構成している。
したがって、この方法によれば、複数層(多層)の発電層によって熱電変換による発電を行うことにより、熱エネルギ源で発生する温度差を従来よりも格段と効率良く利用して熱電発電を行うことができる。
前記高温の熱媒体は、ヒートポンプにおける加圧された状態の熱媒体(圧縮機から膨張弁までの間の熱媒体)であり、
前記低温の熱媒体は、前記ヒートポンプにおける減圧された状態の熱媒体(膨張弁から圧縮機までの熱媒体)であることが望ましい。
この方法によれば、ヒートポンプを熱エネルギ源とし、そのヒートポンプという一つの系で発生する温度差すなわち、前記加圧された状態の熱媒体と前記減圧された状態の熱媒体との間の温度差を極めて効率良く利用して熱電発電を行うことができる。
本発明の別の態様の熱電発電方法は、
ヒートポンプ内の高温の熱媒体(加圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる高温流路と、前記ヒートポンプ内の前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体(減圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる低温流路とを互いに積層させて形成するとともに、前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に温度差により熱電発電する発電層を設けて発電を行うことを特徴としている。
この方法によれば、ヒートポンプを熱エネルギ源とし、そのヒートポンプという一つの系で発生する温度差すなわち、前記加圧された状態の熱媒体と前記減圧された状態の熱媒体との間の比較的大きな温度差を利用して効率良く熱電発電を行うことができる。
第1ヒートポンプの放熱部と第2ヒートポンプの吸熱部とを互いに熱的に接続してなるヒートポンプシステムにおける第2ヒートポンプ内の高温の熱媒体(加圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる高温流路と、前記第2ヒートポンプ内の前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体(減圧された状態の熱媒体)が流れる低温流路とを互いに積層させて形成するとともに、前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に温度差により熱電発電する発電層を設けて発電を行うことを特徴としている。
この方法では、第2ヒートポンプを熱エネルギ源に使用し、第2ヒートポンプで発生する温度差すなわち、加圧された状態の熱媒体と減圧された状態の熱媒体との間の温度差を利用して熱電発電を行う。第2ヒートポンプは、その吸熱部が第1のヒートポンプの放熱部と熱的に接触しているため、第2ヒートポンプを単独で運転した場合と比較して、高温の熱媒体と低温の熱媒体との間に大きな温度差を発生させることができる。
したがって、この方法によれば、第2ヒートポンプを熱エネルギ源とし、第2ヒートポンプという一つの系に発生する大きな温度差を利用して効率良く熱電発電を行うことができる。
図1に示す熱電発電装置1は、その内部を高温の熱媒体2Hが通過する第1流路体10と、その内部を低温の熱媒体2Lが通過する第2流路体20と、温度差により発電する第1乃至第3発電層30-1、30-2、30-3とを有している。
図2は、本発明の熱電発電装置50をヒートポンプシステム60と一体化させた例を示している。ヒートポンプシステム60は、2系統のヒートポンプ61、62を有している。各系統のヒートポンプ61、62は、圧縮機71、放熱部72、膨張弁73、及び吸熱部74を、冷媒管75によりループ状に連結して概略構成されている。そして、一方のヒートポンプ(第1ヒートポンプ)61の放熱部72と他方のヒートポンプ(第2ヒートポンプ)62の吸熱部74とが互いに熱的に接続されている。
図3は、2系統のヒートポンプ91、92からなるヒートポンプシステム90を熱エネルギ源として使用する熱電発電システムの構成例を示している。各ヒートポンプ91、92は、図2に示した第2ヒートポンプ82と同一構成であり、各ヒートポンプ91、92にそれぞれ熱電発電装置50(50-1、50-2)が一体的に設けられている。そして、第1ヒートポンプ91の放熱部72と第2ヒートポンプ92の吸熱部74とが互いに熱的に接続されている。
第2及び第3実施形態において、熱電発電装置50(50-1、50-2)の代わりに、第1実施形態の熱電発電装置1を使用する。
この構成によれば、3層の発電層30-1、30-2、30-3を使用することにより熱エネルギの利用効率を高めることができるので、ヒートポンプを複数系統熱的に接続してなるヒートポンプシステムで発生する大きな温度差を利用して、極めて効率良く熱電発電を行うことができる。
2H 高温の熱媒体
2L 低温の熱媒体
10 第1流路体
11 第1高温流路
12 第2高温流路
20 第2流路体
21 第1低温流路
22 第2低温流路
30-1 第1発電層
30-2 第2発電層
30-3 第3発電層
41 流路壁
42 流路壁
43 流路壁
44 流路壁
45 流路壁
46 流路壁
51 内側電極
52 外側電極
55 熱電変換素子
56 配線
57 配線
60 ヒートポンプシステム
61 第1ヒートポンプ
62 第2ヒートポンプ
80 発電層
90 ヒートポンプシステム
91 第1ヒートポンプ
92 第2ヒートポンプ
Claims (6)
- 高温の熱媒体が流れる高温流路と、
前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体が流れる低温流路と、
温度差により発電する発電層とを有し、
前記高温流路と前記低温流路は、互いに同心状に交互に積層させて複数層ずつ形成され、
前記発電層は、互いに隣接する前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に設けられている、熱電発電装置。 - 前記高温の熱媒体は、ヒートポンプ内の加圧された状態の熱媒体であり、
前記低温の熱媒体は、前記ヒートポンプ内の減圧された状態の熱媒体である、請求項1の熱電発電装置。 - ヒートポンプ内の高温の熱媒体が流れる高温流路と、
前記ヒートポンプ内の前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体が流れる低温流路と、
温度差により発電する発電層とを有し、
前記高温流路と前記低温流路は、互いに積層させて形成され、
前記発電層は、前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に設けられている、熱電発電装置。 - 高温の熱媒体が流れる高温流路と、前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体が流れる低温流路とを互いに同心状に交互に積層させて複数層ずつ形成するとともに、互いに隣接する前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に温度差により熱電発電する発電層を設けて発電を行う、熱電発電方法。
- 前記高温の熱媒体は、ヒートポンプ内の加圧された状態の熱媒体であり、
前記低温の熱媒体は、前記ヒートポンプ内の減圧された状態の熱媒体である、請求項4の熱電発電方法。 - ヒートポンプ内の高温の熱媒体が流れる高温流路と、前記ヒートポンプ内の前記高温の熱媒体よりも低温の熱媒体が流れる低温流路とを互いに積層させて形成するとともに、前記高温流路と前記低温流路との間に温度差により熱電発電する発電層を設けて発電を行う、熱電発電方法。
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JP2014241318A (ja) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-25 | 北海道特殊飼料株式会社 | 熱電発電装置 |
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JP2015523489A (ja) * | 2012-05-08 | 2015-08-13 | エーバーシュペッヒャー・エグゾースト・テクノロジー・ゲーエムベーハー・ウント・コンパニー・カーゲー | 熱電発電器を有する熱交換器 |
WO2017099270A1 (ko) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-15 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 미세유로반응기를 이용한 열발전기 |
JP2020089049A (ja) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-04 | マレリ株式会社 | 熱電発電装置 |
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CN105897056A (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-08-24 | 吴兆流 | 温差发电器 |
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US9907213B1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-02-27 | Matteo B. Gravina | Data center cooling system having electrical power generation |
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JP5248710B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
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