WO2012016421A1 - 一种无创血压测量装置及其测量方法 - Google Patents

一种无创血压测量装置及其测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012016421A1
WO2012016421A1 PCT/CN2011/000866 CN2011000866W WO2012016421A1 WO 2012016421 A1 WO2012016421 A1 WO 2012016421A1 CN 2011000866 W CN2011000866 W CN 2011000866W WO 2012016421 A1 WO2012016421 A1 WO 2012016421A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
pulse wave
signal
microprocessor
air
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PCT/CN2011/000866
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴小光
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深圳瑞光康泰科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳瑞光康泰科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳瑞光康泰科技有限公司
Priority to PL11814005.2T priority Critical patent/PL2601885T3/pl
Priority to JP2013522067A priority patent/JP5591404B2/ja
Priority to EP11814005.2A priority patent/EP2601885B1/en
Priority to CA2807427A priority patent/CA2807427C/en
Priority to KR1020137005556A priority patent/KR101460922B1/ko
Priority to US13/814,609 priority patent/US11064896B2/en
Priority to ES11814005T priority patent/ES2916201T3/es
Priority to RU2013107062/14A priority patent/RU2546918C2/ru
Priority to MX2013001324A priority patent/MX341987B/es
Publication of WO2012016421A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012016421A1/zh
Priority to ZA2013/00996A priority patent/ZA201300996B/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/02233Occluders specially adapted therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/02225Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers using the oscillometric method
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/0235Valves specially adapted therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/74Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
    • A61B5/742Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means using visual displays
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/74Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
    • A61B5/7475User input or interface means, e.g. keyboard, pointing device, joystick
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to blood pressure measurement, and more particularly to a non-invasive blood pressure measuring device and a measuring method thereof.
  • Blood pressure is one of the most important medical parameters of the human body.
  • Non-invasive blood pressure measurements are the most commonly used blood pressure test methods, including the Korotkoff sound auscultation used in mercury sphygmomanometers and the oscillometric method used in most electronic sphygmomanometers.
  • the Korotkoff sound auscultation method is simple to measure. The disadvantage is that different people may measure different results, sometimes different. The main reasons are: 1) The heart beat is discontinuous, which makes it difficult to avoid the height drop of the mercury drop between two heartbeats.
  • the Kodak sound is not necessarily generated when the blood flow is fine, which makes it impossible to distinguish the appearance time of the characteristic sound when listening; 3) Observing the mercury pressure gauge changes in the mercury column during listening, and there is a visual difference in reading Error; 4) There is a difference in the recognition time of the characteristic sound when listening, which is related to skill and proficiency; 5) The pressure release deflation speed easily deviates from the international standard 3 ⁇ 5mmHg/sec, forming an error.
  • the oscillometric method is a relatively advanced electronic measurement method.
  • the systolic and diastolic pressures are estimated based on the mean pressure and the empirical coefficient, the individual differences are relatively large; the heart beat is discontinuous, which also makes it difficult to reduce the pressure drop between the two heartbeats. Errors to avoid; body movements, cuff vibrations, tracheal vibrations, tracheal stiffness, and pressure relief deflation rate all affect the accuracy of the measurement results.
  • One technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to compensate for the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an improved non-invasive blood pressure measuring device.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to compensate for the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an improved non-invasive blood pressure measuring method.
  • the present invention is based on detecting changes in pulse wave to non-invasively determine systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in blood pressure.
  • the pulse wave is a wave generated by the periodic expansion and contraction of the aortic root through the outer wall of the vessel wall, the periodic expansion and contraction of the aortic root being synchronized with the periodic contraction and expansion of the heart.
  • the technical problem of the non-invasive blood pressure measuring device of the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions.
  • the non-invasive blood pressure measuring device comprises a main body and a pressure strap, and the main body is provided with air pressure
  • the microprocessor connected to the sensor, the pressurized strap is an inflatable capsular strap with a trachea, and is connected to the air pressure sensor, and is bound to a limb portion that can completely block the blood flow of the artery of the test subject after being inflated.
  • a pulse wave detecting head is disposed, the pulse wave detecting head is fixed at a downstream portion of the pressure band in the direction of blood flow of the artery, and is connected to the host for detecting change information of the pulse wave, and the real-time sensing is performed by A change in the blood flow pulse produced by the pressure change of the pressure band.
  • the microprocessor is based on measuring a substantially linear change in the amplitude of the pulse wave near the systolic pressure, and a plurality of pulse wave amplitudes and corresponding pressure bands in the process of slowly increasing from zero in the detection of the pulse wave probe
  • the pressure is processed in real time to determine the systolic pressure;
  • the microprocessor is based on the delay time characteristic between the measured pulse wave and the corresponding barometric AC signal, and the delay time between the pulse wave and the corresponding barometric AC signal changes from relative to relative Several pulse delay times and their corresponding pressure bandage pressures are processed in real time to determine the diastolic pressure.
  • the pulse wave detecting head is one of a pressure sensing type pulse wave detecting head and a photoelectric inductive pulse wave detecting head.
  • the host further includes a pulse wave signal processing circuit respectively connected to the microprocessor, a pneumatic signal processing circuit, an air pump motor control circuit, a deflation solenoid valve control circuit, a human-machine interaction interface, an air pump, a small hole vent valve, a bleed solenoid valve, the pulse wave signal processing circuit is connected to the pulse wave detecting head, an input end of the air pressure signal processing circuit is connected to the air pressure sensor output end, the air pressure sensor output end and the air pressure signal The input end of the processing circuit is connected, the air pump motor control circuit is connected to the motor of the air pump, and the bleed solenoid valve control circuit is connected to the venting electromagnetic.
  • the pulse wave signal processing circuit includes a pulse wave signal amplifier, and a pulse wave signal analog-to-digital converter (Analog-) whose input terminal is connected to the pulse wave signal amplifier and whose output is connected to the microprocessor or integrated in the microprocessor.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the air pressure signal processing circuit includes an air pressure sensor disposed in the main body, a pneumatic signal amplifier connected to the air pressure sensor, and an input end connected to the air pressure signal amplifier and an output end connected to the microprocessor or integrated in the microprocessor. Barometric signal ADC.
  • the host further includes a pulse wave probe socket connected to the pulse wave detecting head and the pressure strap, and a pressure strap socket, wherein the pulse wave probe socket is connected to an input end of the pulse wave signal processing circuit.
  • the pressure strap socket is coupled to an input end of the air pressure sensor.
  • the air pressure signal amplifier is a two-way parallel air pressure signal amplifier composed of a pneumatic signal alternating current amplifier and a pneumatic signal direct current amplifier, and the pneumatic signal alternating current amplifier is used for amplifying and characterizing the fluctuation of the pressure in the pressurized strap under the action of the blood flow pulse.
  • the air pressure signal ADC includes a gas-voltage AC signal ADC whose input terminal is respectively connected to a pneumatic signal AC amplifier, a pneumatic signal DC amplifier, and an output terminal connected to the microprocessor or integrated in the microprocessor: a pneumatic DC signal ADC.
  • the pressure-sensing pulse wave detecting head comprises a pressure sensing piece, a pulse wave signal lead connected to the pressure sensing piece, and an outer surface of the detecting head is provided with a cushion.
  • the photoinductive pulse wave detecting head includes a light emitter and a light receiver, a power source and a light emitting signal lead connected to the light emitter, a power source connected to the light receiver, and a light receiving signal lead.
  • a periodic change of the degree of absorption of the light emitted by the light emitting device in the photoinductive detecting head by the detected portion is caused.
  • the light receiver detects the scattered light or the transmitted light absorbed by the blood flow, thereby obtaining an electrical signal pulse corresponding to the arterial blood flow pulse.
  • the human-computer interaction interface is a human-computer interaction interface including a keyboard and a display.
  • This non-invasive blood pressure measurement method has the following steps in order:
  • the microprocessor performs a substantially linear change in the amplitude of the measured pulse wave near the systolic pressure, and performs a plurality of pulse wave amplitudes and corresponding pressure bandage pressures during a slow increase from zero detected by the pulse wave probe. Real-time processing to determine systolic blood pressure;
  • the microprocessor is based on measuring a delay time characteristic between a pulse wave and a corresponding atmospheric pressure AC signal near the diastolic pressure, and the delay time between the pulse wave and the corresponding air pressure AC signal is changed from a change to a relatively constant process.
  • Several pulse delay times and their corresponding pressure band pressures are processed in real time to determine the diastolic pressure;
  • the step 3) determines the systolic pressure by the following relationship:
  • PssO is the precise systolic pressure.
  • the pressure of the pressure band is PssO, the blood flow changes from a completely blocked state to a gradually returning flow state, at which time the pulse wave amplitude H0 is zero;
  • H2 is the amplitude of the pulse wave when the pressure of the pressure band is Pss2;
  • HI is the amplitude of the pulse wave when the pressure of the pressure band is Pssl.
  • the relationship of the systolic pressure is based on a substantially linear change in the amplitude of the pulse wave near the systolic pressure when the pressure of the pressure band changes, that is,
  • the relation (1) is equivalent to the relation (2), but only the form evolution.
  • the step 3) determines the diastolic pressure by the following steps:
  • PszO is the exact diastolic pressure, which is the intersection of the above oblique line and the horizontal line;
  • the limb portion of the subject's arterial blood flow can be blocked, including the elbow portion, the wrist portion, the finger portion, the leg portion, and the ankle portion.
  • the invention converts the discontinuous event into a continuous measurement, on the one hand, based on the measurement, the amplitude of the pulse wave is substantially linearly changed around the systolic pressure, instead of judging the process of the Korotkoff sound from scratch, avoiding the discontinuity caused by the heart beat.
  • the inevitable possible error can accurately measure the systolic blood pressure in blood pressure; on the other hand, based on the time characteristic of the delay time between the measured pulse wave and the corresponding barometric AC signal in the diastolic pressure, instead of judging the Korotkoff sound In the process of no, the inevitable possible error caused by the heartbeat discontinuity is avoided, and the diastolic blood pressure in blood pressure can be accurately and non-invasively measured.
  • DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a view showing a state of use of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the composition of the host of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a substantially linear change of the amplitude of the pulse wave near the systolic pressure when the pressure of the pressure band is changed according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing changes in pulse wave delay time before and after diastolic pressure when the pressure of the pressure band is changed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the compression strap 2 is an inflatable capsular strap with a trachea, which is bound to completely block the blood flow of the elbow artery of the subject after inflation, and is connected with the pressure strap socket on the host 1, pressure-sensitive pulse wave
  • the probe 3 is fixed to a downstream portion of the pressure band in the direction of blood flow of the artery, and is connected to the pulse wave probe socket on the main body 1.
  • the pressure-sensing pulse wave detecting head 3 is for detecting the change information of the pulse wave, and sensing the change of the blood flow pulse generated by the pressure change of the pressurized band 2 in real time.
  • the host computer 1 includes a microprocessor, a pulse wave signal processing circuit respectively connected to the microprocessor, a pneumatic signal processing circuit, a gas pump motor control circuit, a gas venting electromagnetic wide control circuit, a human-machine interaction interface, a pressure sensor, a gas pump, and a small
  • the hole is vented, the deflation solenoid valve, and the pulse wave probe socket and the pressure strap socket respectively connected to the pulse wave detecting head 3 and the pressure band 2 are provided.
  • the pulse wave probe socket is connected to the input end of the pulse wave signal processing circuit
  • the pressure strap socket is connected with the air pressure sensor
  • the air pressure sensor output end is connected with the input end of the air pressure signal processing circuit
  • the motor of the air pump and the air pump motor control circuit Connected
  • the bleed solenoid valve is connected to the bleed solenoid valve control circuit.
  • the pulse wave signal processing circuit includes a pulse wave signal amplifier, and a pulse wave signal ADC whose input terminal is connected to the pulse wave signal amplifier and whose output terminal is connected to the microprocessor, and the pulse wave signal ADC is integrated in the microprocessor.
  • the air pressure signal processing circuit comprises a pressure sensor disposed in the host 1 , a pneumatic signal amplifier connected to the air pressure sensor, and a pneumatic signal ADC connected to the pneumatic signal amplifier at the input end and connected to the microprocessor at the output end, and the pneumatic signal ADC is integrated in the micro Inside the processor.
  • the pneumatic signal amplifier is composed of a pneumatic signal AC amplifier and a pneumatic signal DC amplifier.
  • the two-way parallel air pressure signal amplifier, the air pressure signal AC amplifier is used to amplify the AC air pressure signal which characterizes the fluctuation of the pressure in the pressure band under the action of the blood flow pulse, and the air pressure signal DC amplifier is used to amplify the air pressure in the pressure bandage.
  • the DC pressure signal of the message is composed of a pneumatic signal AC amplifier and a pneumatic signal DC amplifier.
  • Pneumatic signal ADC includes a pneumatic AC signal that is connected to the pneumatic signal AC amplifier and the pneumatic signal DC amplifier and the output is connected to the microprocessor.
  • ADC Pneumatic DC signal ADC.
  • the human-computer interaction interface is a human-computer interaction interface including a keyboard and a display.
  • the measurement method of the non-invasive blood pressure measuring instrument of the present embodiment has the following steps in sequence: The following steps are sequentially performed:
  • the nearby amplitude changes substantially linearly, and several pulse wave amplitudes and their corresponding pressure band pressures are detected in real time from the zero-increasing process detected by the pulse wave probe, and the systolic pressure is determined by the following relationship:
  • PssO is the precise systolic pressure.
  • the pressure of the pressure band is PssO, the blood flow changes from a completely blocked state to a gradually returning flow state, at which time the pulse wave amplitude H0 is zero;
  • H2 is the amplitude of the pulse wave when the pressure of the pressure band is Pss2;
  • HI is the amplitude of the pulse wave when the pressure of the pressure band is Pssl;
  • the microprocessor is based on measuring the time characteristic of the delay time between the pulse wave and the corresponding barometric AC signal in the vicinity of the diastolic pressure, and the delay time between the pulse wave and the corresponding barometric AC signal changes from a relatively constant to a relatively constant process.
  • the pulse delay time and its corresponding pressure bandage pressure are processed in real time to determine the diastolic pressure;
  • PszO is the exact diastolic pressure, which is the intersection of the above oblique line and the horizontal line;

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Description

一种无创血压测量装置及其测量方法
技术领域
本发明涉及血压测量, 特别是涉及一种无创血压测量装置及其测量方 法。
背景技术
血压是人体最主要的医学基本参数之一。 无创血压测量是最常用的血 压检查方法, 包括汞柱血压计采用的柯氏音听诊法和大多电子血压计采用 的示波法。柯氏音听诊法测量简单,缺点是不同的人可能测出不同的结果, 有时差别较大, 主要原因是: 1 )心脏搏动具有非连续性, 导致两次心跳间 汞柱下降高度存在难以避免的误差 ; 2 )血液流动细微时不一定产生柯氏音, 导致听音时不能辨别特征音的出现时间; 3 )听音时观察水银压力计汞柱变 化的反应不一,且读数时存在视觉误差; 4 )听音时对特征音出现时间的辨 别有差异, 与技巧和熟练程度相关; 5 ) 释压放气速度容易偏离国际标准 3~5mmHg/秒, 形成误差。 示波法是比较先进的电子测量方法, 由于是依 据平均压和经验系数估计收缩压和舒张压, 个体差异比较大; 心脏搏动具 有非连续性, 也导致两次心跳间气囊压力下降值存在难以避免的误差; 身 体运动、 袖带振动、 气管振动、 气管的刚性以及释压放气速度都会影响测 量结果的准确性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是弥补上述现有技术的缺陷, 提供一 种改进的无创血压测量装置。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是弥补上述现有技术的缺陷, 提供 一种改进的无创血压测量方法。
本发明基于探测脉搏波的变化信息以无创确定血压中的收缩压和舒张 压。 所述脉搏波是主动脉根部周期性的扩张和收缩通过血管壁向外周传播 所产生的波动, 所述主动脉根部周期性的扩张和收缩与心脏周期性的收缩 和扩张同步。
本发明的无创血压测量装置技术问题通过以下技术方案予以解决。 这种无创血压测量装置, 包括主机与加压绑带, 所述主机设有与气压 传感器连接的微处理器, 所述加压绑带是带气管的充气囊状绑带, 与所述 气压传感器连接, 绑定在充气后可完全阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体部 位。
这种无创血压测量装置的特点是:
设有脉搏波探测头, 所述脉搏波探测头固定在所述加压绑带按动脉血 液流动方向的下游部位,并与所述主机连接,用于探测脉搏波的变化信息, 实时传感由加压绑带的压力变化而产生的血液流动脉冲的变化。
所述微处理器基于测量脉搏波在收缩压附近的幅度基本呈线性变化, 对所述脉搏波探测头探测的从零缓慢增大过程中若干个脉搏波幅度及其相 对应的加压绑带压力进行实时处理, 确定收缩压; 所述微处理器基于测量 脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间特性, 对脉搏波与相对应的 气压交流信号之间延迟时间从有变化至相对不变过程中若干个脉冲延迟时 间及其相对应的加压绑带压力进行实时处理, 确定舒张压。
本发明的无创血压测量装置技术问题通过以下进一步的技术方案予以 解决。
所述脉搏波探测头是压力感应式脉搏波探测头和光电感应式脉搏波探 测头中的一种。
所述主机还包括分别与微处理器连接的脉搏波信号处理电路、 气压信 号处理电路、充气泵电机控制电路、放气电磁阀控制电路、人机交互界面、 充气泵、 小孔放气阀、 放气电磁阀, 所述脉搏波信号处理电路与所述脉搏 波探测头连接, 所述气压信号处理电路的输入端与所述气压传感器输出端 连接, 所述气压传感器输出端与所述气压信号处理电路的输入端连接, 所 述充气泵电机控制电路与所述充气泵的电机连接, 所述放气电磁阀控制电 路与所述放气电磁阔连接。
所述脉搏波信号处理电路包括脉搏波信号放大器、 以及输入端与脉搏 波信号放大器连接而输出端与所述微处理器连接或集成在微处理器内的脉 搏波信号模数转换器 (Analog-to-Digital Converter, 缩略词为 ADC)。
所述气压信号处理电路包括设置在主机内的气压传感器、 与气压传感 器连接的气压信号放大器, 以及输入端与气压信号放大器连接而输出端与 所述微处理器连接或集成在微处理器内的气压信号 ADC。 所述主机还包括分别与脉搏波探测头、 加压绑带连接的脉搏波探测头 插口、 加压绑带插口, 所述脉搏波探测头插口与所述脉搏波信号处理电路 的输入端连接, 所述加压绑带插口与所述气压传感器的输入端连接。
本发明的无创血压测量装置技术问题通过以下再进一步的技术方案予 以解决。
所述气压信号放大器是由气压信号交流放大器和气压信号直流放大器 组成的双路并行的气压信号放大器, 所述气压信号交流放大器用于放大表 征加压绑带内气压在血液流动脉冲作用下波动信息的交流气压信号, 所述 气压信号直流放大器用于放大表征加压绑带内气压信息的直流气压信号。
所述气压信号 ADC包括输入端分别与气压信号交流放大器、 气压信 号直流放大器连接而输出端与所述微处理器连接或集成在微处理器内的气 压交流信号 ADC:、 气压直流信号 ADC。
所述压力感应式脉搏波探测头包括压力感应片、 与所述压力感应片连 接的脉搏波信号引线, 所述探测头的外表面设有缓冲垫。 当感应式脉搏波 探测头放置于动脉血管体表时, 由于动脉血管的周期性波动, 引起体表皮 肤周期性的起伏, 并通过缓冲垫挤压压力感应片, 导致压力感应片产生周 期性的压电信号, 或导致压力感应片产生周期性的电阻变化。 所述光电感 应式脉搏波探测头包括光发射器和光接收器、 与所述光发射器连接的电源 及光发射信号引线、 与所述光接收器连接的电源及光接收信号引线。 当光 电式脉搏波探测头放置于动脉血管体表时, 由于动脉血管的周期性波动, 引起被探测部位对光电感应式探测头中光发射器所发射的光线吸收程度的 周期性的变化, 通过光电感应式探测头中光接收器对经血液流动吸收后的 散射光或透射光进行探测, 即可得到与动脉血液流动脉冲相对应的电信号 脉冲。
所述人机交互界面是包括键盘、 显示器的人机交互界面。
本发明的无创血压测量方法技术问题通过以下技术方案予以解决。 这种无创血压测量方法, 依次有以下步骤:
依次有以下步骤:
1 )将加压绑带绑定在充气后可完全阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体部 位, 再将脉搏波探测头固定在加压绑带按动脉血液流动方向的下游部位; 2)按下主机键盘的启动键, 充气泵电机接通电源,开始向加压绑带充 气, 加压绑带压力从零缓慢增大, 直至脉搏波探测头信号输出为零, 即动 脉血液流动被完全阻断后, 充气泵电机切断电源, 停止充气;
3 )放气电磁阀关闭状态下,通过小孔放气阔缓慢放气,加压绑带压力 缓慢下降, 脉搏波探测头信号从零缓慢增大, 直至加压绑带压力小于舒张 压, 在此过程中, 气压交流信号及脉搏波探测头信号分别经放大、 模数转 换后进入微处理器记录并分析处理;
所述微处理器基于测量脉搏波在收縮压附近的幅度基本呈线性变化, 对脉搏波探测头探测的从零缓慢增大过程中若干个脉搏波幅度及其相对应 的加压绑带压力进行实时处理, 确定收缩压;
所述微处理器基于测量脉搏波在舒张压附近的与相对应的气压交流信 号之间延迟时间特性, 对脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间从 有变化至相对不变过程中若干个脉冲延迟时间及其相对应的加压绑带压力 进行实时处理, 确定舒张压;
4 )打开放气电磁阀, 快速放气, 充气囊压力快速下降至零, 显示屏显 示收缩压与舒张压的测量结果;
5 )按下主机键盘的关闭电源键, 结束测量。
本发明的无创血压测量方法技术问题通过以下进一步的技术方案予以 解决。
所述步骤 3 ) 由以下关系式确定收缩压:
Pss0= (H2 X Pssl -Hl XPss2 ) I (H2— HI ); …… ( 1 )
式 (1 ) 中:
PssO是精确的收缩压,当加压绑带压力为 PssO时,血液流动刚好由完 全被阻断状态转变为逐渐恢复流动状态, 此时脉搏波幅度 H0为零;
H2是加压绑带压力为 Pss2时的脉搏波幅度;
HI是加压绑带压力为 Pssl时的脉搏波幅度。
所述收缩压的关系式基于加压绑带压力变化时收缩压附近的脉搏波幅 度基本呈线性变化, 即:
(Pss2-Pss0 ) : H2= (Pssl -PssO) : Hl。 (2 )
关系式 (1 )与关系式 (2)等同, 只是形式演变。 所述步骤 3) 由以下步骤确定舒张压:
3 * 1)测量出在舒张压附近至少连续五点数据组成的, 脉搏波与相对 应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间特性曲线, 其中有至少连续三点的数据的 加压绑带压力、 脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间基本呈线性 变化, 关系曲线为斜线, 以下关系式成立:
(Psz3-Psz0): T3= (Psz2-Psz0): T2= (Pszl— PszO): Tl; …… (3) 还有至少连续两点的数据的加压绑带压力、 脉搏波与相对应的气压交 流信号之间延迟时间基本呈为一固定值, 关系曲线为水平线, 以下关系式 成立:
PszO>PszA>PszB; (4)
T0= (ΤΑ+ΤΒ) 12; (5)
3 - 2) 由时间特性曲线中的斜线与水平线的交点确定舒张压
式(3)、 (4) 中:
PszO是精确的舒张压, 此点是上述斜线与水平线的交点;
式 (5) 中:
TO是精确的舒张压点延迟时间。
本发明的无创血压测量方法技术问题通过以下再进一步的技术方案予 以解决。
所述充气后可阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体部位, 包括肘部位、 腕 部位、 指部位、 腿部位和踝部位。
本发明与现有技术对比的有益效果是:
本发明将非连续事件转变为连续测量, 一方面基于测量脉搏波在收缩 压附近的幅度基本呈线性变化, 替代判断柯氏音从无到有的过程, 避免了 由心脏搏动的非连续性造成的不可避免的可能误差, 可以准确无创测量血 压中的收缩压; 另一方面基于测量脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延 迟时间在舒张压附近的时间特性, 替代判断柯氏音从有到无的过程, 也避 免了由心脏搏动非连续性造成的不可避免的可能误差, 可以准确无创测量 血压中的舒张压。
附图说明 图 1是本发明具体实施方式的使用状态图;
图 2是图 1的主机组成方框图;
图 3是本发明具体实施方式的加压绑带压力变化时, 收缩压附近脉搏 波幅度基本呈线性变化的示意图;
图 4是本发明具体实施方式的加压绑带压力变化时, 舒张压前后脉搏 波延迟时间变化的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式并对照附图对本发明进行说明。
一种如附图 1~4所示的无创血压测量仪及其测量方法, 包括主机 1, 以及分别与主机连接的加压绑带 2、压力感应式脉搏波探测头 3。加压绑带 2 是带气管的充气囊状绑带, 绑定在充气后可完全阻断被测者肘动脉血液 流动, 并与主机 1上的加压绑带插口连接, 压力感应式脉搏波探测头 3固 定在加压绑带按动脉血液流动方向的下游部位, 并与主机 1上的脉搏波探 测头插口连接。 压力感应式脉搏波探测头 3用于探测脉搏波的变化信息, 实时传感由加压绑带 2的压力变化而产生的血液流动脉冲的变化。
主机 1包括微处理器、 分别与微处理器连接的脉搏波信号处理电路、 气压信号处理电路、 充气泵电机控制电路、 放气电磁阔控制电路、 人机交 互界面、 气压传感器、 充气泵、 小孔放气阔、 放气电磁阀, 以及分别与脉 搏波探测头 3、 加压绑带 2连接的脉搏波探测头插口、 加压绑带插口。 脉 搏波探测头插口与脉搏波信号处理电路的输入端连接, 加压绑带插口与气 压传感器连接, 气压传感器输出端与气压信号处理电路的输入端连接, 充 气泵的电机与充气泵电机控制电路连接, 放气电磁阀与放气电磁阀控制电 路连接。
脉搏波信号处理电路包括脉搏波信号放大器、 以及输入端与脉搏波信 号放大器连接而输出端与微处理器连接的脉搏波信号 ADC, 脉搏波信号 ADC集成在微处理器内。
气压信号处理电路包括设置在主机 1内的气压传感器、 与气压传感器 连接的气压信号放大器, 以及输入端与气压信号放大器连接而输出端与微 处理器连接的气压信号 ADC, 气压信号 ADC集成在微处理器内。
气压信号放大器是由气压信号交流放大器和气压信号直流放大器组成 的双路并行的气压信号放大器, 气压信号交流放大器用于放大表征加压绑 带内气压在血液流动脉冲作用下波动信息的交流气压信号, 气压信号直流 放大器用于放大表征加压绑带内气压信息的直流气压信号。
气压信号 ADC包括输入端分别与气压信号交流放大器、 气压信号直 流放大器连接而输出端与微处理器连接的气压交流信号 ADC:、气压直流信 号 ADC。
人机交互界面是包括键盘、 显示器的人机交互界面。
本具体实施方式的无创血压测量仪的测量方法, 依次有以下步骤: 依次有以下步骤:
1 )将加压绑带 2绑定在充气后可完全阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体 部位, 并与加压绑带插口连接; 再将压力感应式脉搏波探测头 3固定在加 压绑带 2按动脉血液流动方向的下游部位, 并与压力感应式脉搏波探测头 插口连接;
2 )按下主机 1键盘的启动键,充气泵电机接通电源, 开始向加压绑带 2充气, 加压绑带 2压力从零缓慢增大, 直至压力感应式脉搏波探测头 3 信号输出为零即动脉血液流动被完全阻断后, 充气泵电机切断电源, 停止 充气;
3 )放气电磁阀关闭状态下, 通过小孔放气阀缓慢放气, 加压绑带 2 压力缓慢下降, 压力感应式脉搏波探测头 3信号从零缓慢增大, 直至加压 绑带 2压力小于舒张压, 在此过程中, 气压脉动信号及压力感应式脉搏波 探测头 3信号分别经放大、 模数转换后进入微处理器记录并分析处理; 微处理器基于测量脉搏波在收缩压附近的幅度基本呈线性变化, 对脉 搏波探测头探测的从零缓慢增大过程中若干个脉搏波幅度及其相对应的加 压绑带压力进行实时处理, 由以下关系式确定收缩压:
Pss0= ( H2 X Pssl -Hl X Pss2 ) / (H2— HI ); ( 1 )
式 (1 ) 中:
PssO是精确的收缩压, 当加压绑带压力为 PssO时,血液流动刚好由完 全被阻断状态转变为逐渐恢复流动状态, 此时脉搏波幅度 H0为零;
H2是加压绑带压力为 Pss2时的脉搏波幅度;
HI是加压绑带压力为 Pssl时的脉搏波幅度; 微处理器基于测量脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间在舒 张压附近的时间特性, 对脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间从 有变化至相对不变过程中若干个脉冲延迟时间及其相对应的加压绑带压力 进行实时处理, 确定舒张压;
3 · 1 ) 测量出在舒张压附近至少连续五点数据组成的脉搏波与相对应 的气压交流信号之间延迟时间特性曲线, 其中有至少连续三点的数据的加 压绑带压力、 脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间基本呈线性变 化, 关系曲线为斜线, 以下关系式成立:
(Psz3-Psz0): T3= (Psz2— PszO): T2= (Pszl—PszO): Tl ; (3 ) 还有至少连续两点的数据的加压绑带压力、 脉搏波与相对应的气压交 流信号之间延迟时间基本呈为一固定值, 关系曲线为水平线, 以下关系式 成立:
PszO>PszA>PszB; (4)
T0= (ΤΑ+ΤΒ ) 12; …… (5 )
3 - 2) 由时间特性曲线中的斜线与水平线的交点确定舒张压
式 (3 )、 (4) 中:
PszO是精确的舒张压, 此点是上述斜线与水平线的交点;
式 (5 ) 中:
TO是精确的舒张压点延迟时间。
4)打开放气电磁阀, 快速放气, 充气囊压力快速下降至零, 显示屏显 示收缩压于舒张压的测量结果;
5 ) 按下主机 1键盘的关闭电源键, 结束测量。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说 明, 不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。 对于本发明所属技术 领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下做出若干等同替 代或明显变型, 而且性能或用途相同, 都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的 权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种无创血压测量装置, 包括主机与加压绑带, 所述主机设有与气 压传感器连接的微处理器, 所述加压绑带是带气管的充气囊状绑带, 与所 述气压传感器连接, 绑定在充气后可完全阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体 部位, 其特征在于:
设有脉搏波探测头, 所述脉搏波探测头固定在所述加压绑带按动脉血 液流动方向的下游部位,并与所述主机连接,用于探测脉搏波的变化信息, 实时传感由加压绑带的压力变化而产生的血液流动脉冲的变化;
所述微处理器基于测量脉搏波在收缩压附近的幅度基本呈线性变化, 对所述脉搏波探测头探测的从零缓慢增大过程中若干个脉搏波幅度及其相 对应的加压绑带压力进行实时处理, 确定收缩压; 所述微处理器基于测量 脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间特性, 对脉搏波与相对应的 气压交流信号之间延迟时间从有变化至相对不变过程中若干个脉冲延迟时 间及其相对应的加压绑带压力进行实时处理, 确定舒张压。
2.如权利要求 1所述的无创血压测量装置, 其特征在于:
所述脉搏波探测头是压力感应式脉搏波探测头和光电感应式脉搏波探 测头中的一种。
3.如权利要求 1或 2所述的无创血压测量装置, 其特征在于: 所述主机还包括分别与微处理器连接的脉搏波信号处理电路、 气压信 号处理电路、充气泵电机控制电路、放气电磁阔控制电路、人机交互界面、 充气泵、 小孔放气阔、 放气电磁阔, 所述脉搏波信号处理电路与所述脉搏 波探测头连接, 所述气压信号处理电路的输入端与所述气压传感器输出端 连接, 所述气压传感器输出端与所述气压信号处理电路的输入端连接, 所 述充气泵电机控制电路与所述充气泵的电机连接, 所述放气电磁阀控制电 路与所述放气电磁阀连接。
4.如权利要求 3所述的无创血压测量装置, 其特征在于:
所述脉搏波信号处理电路包括脉搏波信号放大器、 以及输入端与脉搏 波信号放大器连接而输出端与所述微处理器连接或集成在微处理器内的脉 搏波信号模数转换器 (Analog-to-Digital Converter, 缩略词为 ADC );
所述气压信号处理电路包括设置在主机内的气压传感器、 与气压传感 器连接的气压信号放大器, 以及输入端与气压信号放大器连接而输出端与 所述微处理器连接或集成在微处理器内的气压信号 ADC。
5.如权利要求 4所述的无创血压测量装置, 其特征在于:
所述主机还包括分别与脉搏波探测头、 加压绑带连接的脉搏波探测头 插口、 加压绑带插口, 所述脉搏波探测头插口与所述脉搏波信号处理电路 的输入端连接, 所述加压绑带插口与所述气压传感器的输入端连接。
6.如权利要求 5所述的无创血压测量装置, 其特征在于:
所述气压信号放大器是由气压信号交流放大器和气压信号直流放大器 组成的双路并行的气压信号放大器, 所述气压信号交流放大器用于放大表 征加压绑带内气压在血液流动脉冲作用下波动信息的交流气压信号, 所述 气压信号直流放大器用于放大表征加压绑带内气压信息的直流气压信号。
7. 一种无创血压测量方法, 其特征在于:
依次有以下步骤-
1 )将加压绑带绑定在充气后可完全阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体部 位, 再将脉搏波探测头固定在加压绑带按动脉血液流动方向的下游部位;
2 )按下主机键盘的启动键, 充气泵电机接通电源, 开始向加压绑带充 气, 加压绑带压力从零缓慢增大, 直至脉搏波探测头信号输出为零, 即动 脉血液流动被完全阻断后, 充气泵电机切断电源, 停止充气;
3 )打开放气电磁阀至缓慢放气位,加压绑带压力缓慢下降,脉搏波探 测头信号从零缓慢增大, 直至加压绑带压力小于舒张压, 在此过程中, 气 压交流信号及脉搏波探测头信号分别经放大、 模数转换后进入微处理器记 录并分析处理;
所述微处理器基于测量脉搏波在收缩压附近的幅度基本呈线性变化, 对脉搏波探测头探测的从零缓慢增大过程中若干个脉搏波幅度及其相对应 的加压绑带压力进行实时处理, 确定收缩压;
所述微处理器基于测量脉搏波在舒张压附近的与相对应的气压交流信 号之间延迟时间特性, 对脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间从 有变化至相对不变过程中若干个脉冲延迟时间及其相对应的加压绑带压力 进行实时处理, 确定舒张压;
4)打开放气电磁阀至快速放气位,充气囊压力快速下降至零,显示屏 显示收缩压与舒张压的测量结果; 5)按下主机键盘的关闭电源键, 结束测量。
8.如权利要求 7所述的无创血压测量方法, 其特征在于:
所述步骤 3) 由以下关系式确定收缩压-
Pss0= (H2XPssl-HlXPss2) I (H2— HI); …… (1)
式 (1) 中:
PssO是精确的收缩压, 当加压绑带压力为 PssO时,血液流动开始由完 全被阻断状态转变为逐渐恢复流动状态, 此时脉搏波幅度 H0为零;
H2是加压绑带压力为 Pss2时的脉搏波幅度;
HI是加压绑带压力为 Pssl时的脉搏波幅度。
9.如权利要求 7或 8所述的无创血压测量方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 3) 由以下步骤确定舒张压:
3 - 1)测量出在舒张压附近至少连续五点数据组成的脉搏波与相对应 的气压交流信号之间延迟时间特性曲线, 其中有至少连续三点的数据的加 压绑带压力、 脉搏波与相对应的气压交流信号之间延迟时间基本呈线性变 化, 关系曲线为斜线, 以下关系式成立:
(Psz3-Psz0) :T3= (Psz2-Psz0): T2= (Pszl— PszO): Tl; (3) 还有至少连续两点的数据的加压绑带压力、 脉搏波与相对应的气压交 流信号之间延迟时间基本呈为一固定值, 关系曲线为水平线, 以下关系式 成立:
PszO>PszA>PszB; (4)
T0= (ΤΑ+ΤΒ) 12; …… (5)
3 - 2) 由时间特性曲线中的斜线与水平线的交点确定舒张压
式 (3)、 (4) 中:
PszO是精确的舒张压, 此点是上述斜线与水平线的交点;
式 (5) 中:
TO是精确的舒张压点延迟时间。
10.如权利要求 9所述的无创血压测量方法, 其特征在于:
所述充气后可阻断被测者动脉血液流动的肢体部位, 包括肘部位、 腕 部位、 指部位、 腿部位和踝部位。
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