WO2012011321A1 - 立体表示装置及び立体表示方法 - Google Patents
立体表示装置及び立体表示方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012011321A1 WO2012011321A1 PCT/JP2011/062452 JP2011062452W WO2012011321A1 WO 2012011321 A1 WO2012011321 A1 WO 2012011321A1 JP 2011062452 W JP2011062452 W JP 2011062452W WO 2012011321 A1 WO2012011321 A1 WO 2012011321A1
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- stereoscopic image
- stereoscopic
- display
- image display
- ultrasonic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
- G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B42/00—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means
- G03B42/06—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stereoscopic display device and a stereoscopic display method for presenting a stereoscopic image to an observer and providing a force sense corresponding to a stereoscopic image reproduction position presented to the observer.
- stereoscopic display devices related to flat panel displays such as liquid crystal panels.
- a stereoscopic display device using a flat panel display a lenticular lens, a parallax barrier, or the like is used to present a plurality of images having binocular parallax in a spatially separated manner on the left and right eyes. Attention has been focused on stereoscopic display devices that realize the above.
- This apparatus has an advantage that it is not necessary for the observer to wear special glasses or the like in order to visually recognize a stereoscopic image (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 a pseudo stereoscopic display device using a tactile display including an image display unit and an aerial ultrasonic phased array has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- the image display device described in Patent Document 1 is used as an image display unit that displays a pseudo stereoscopic image.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a configuration of a stereoscopic display device related to the present invention.
- the light emitted from the image display unit 1001 is reflected by the half mirror 1002 and then imaged by the concave mirror 1003 to generate an optical aerial image 1004 as a pseudo stereoscopic image.
- the fingertip position 1007 of the observer is detected by the finger position sensor 1005, and the image displayed on the image display unit 1001 is updated according to the fingertip position 1007 detected by the finger position sensor 1005, and the ultrasonic actuator array 1006 is updated.
- the optical aerial image 1004. it is possible to provide a sense that combines vision and tactile sensation without an observer wearing a special instrument.
- the ultrasonic image generation space for generating an ultrasonic image by the ultrasonic actuator array and the aerial image generation space for generating an optical aerial image are independent of each other. Therefore, there is a problem that the entire stereoscopic display device is increased in size.
- the stereoscopic display device related to the present invention since the stereoscopic display device related to the present invention generates the force sense by the ultrasonic wave propagating from the ultrasonic actuator array disposed above the optical aerial image, the supersonic wave propagating from the depth direction of the optical aerial image is generated. It cannot provide haptics by sound waves. For this reason, when the optical aerial image is pushed with the fingertip, there is a problem that the force sense cannot be reproduced in a direction parallel to the moving direction of the observer's fingertip (the depth direction of the optical aerial image).
- the image display unit of the stereoscopic display device related to the present invention displays a pseudo stereoscopic image for reproducing an optical aerial image. For this reason, this image display unit can perform a stereoscopic display in which the stereoscopic image reproduction position is arbitrarily changed in the depth direction of the stereoscopic image in response to an instruction to move the fingertip or the like of the observer who pushes the optical aerial image. There is a problem that the application of the stereoscopic display device is limited.
- An object of the present invention is to solve any of the above-described problems, and to reduce the size of the entire stereoscopic display device and provide a force sense in the depth direction of the stereoscopic image and a stereoscopic display method. Is to provide.
- a stereoscopic display device includes a stereoscopic image display unit having a display surface that spatially separates and displays parallax images corresponding to at least two viewpoints, and a stereoscopic image display unit A force generation unit that oscillates sound waves toward the display surface and generates a predetermined pressure due to the sound waves reflected by the display surface at the same position spatially as the position of the stereoscopic image displayed by the stereoscopic image display unit; .
- the stereoscopic display method displays a stereoscopic image by spatially separating parallax images corresponding to at least two viewpoints, and reflects sound waves on a display surface that displays the parallax image to generate a stereoscopic image.
- a force sense is generated by propagating a sound wave in the same spatial position as the position of the image.
- the ultrasonic image generation space by the force generation unit and the stereoscopic image generation space by the stereoscopic image display unit are spatially overlapped at the same position, the entire stereoscopic display device can be reduced in size. Further, the present invention can provide a force sense in the depth direction of a stereoscopic image with respect to a tactile part such as a fingertip of an observer.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment.
- the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment includes a stereoscopic image display unit 1 having a display surface 11 that spatially separates and displays parallax images corresponding to at least two viewpoints, and a stereoscopic display.
- a sound wave is oscillated toward the display surface 11 of the image display unit 1, and a predetermined pressure by the sound wave reflected by the display surface 11 is spatially the same position as the position of the stereoscopic image 8 displayed by the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- a force sense generating unit 2 generated at the same time.
- the position of the stereoscopic image 8 indicates a position (reproduction position) where the stereoscopic image 8 is perceived, and indicates a position away from the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- the stereoscopic display device includes a finger position sensor 3 and a finger position detection circuit 4 as position detecting means for detecting a fingertip position 9 that is a fingertip as a tactile sense part of an observer of the stereoscopic image 8, and the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- a stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 that generates a parallax image to be displayed and an ultrasonic generation circuit 6 that generates an ultrasonic wave oscillated from the force sense generation unit 2 are provided.
- the stereoscopic image display unit 1 displays a stereoscopic image 8 corresponding to the viewpoint position 7 of the observer on the display surface.
- the fingertip position 9 of the observer is measured by the finger position sensor 3, and the fingertip position 9 is detected by the finger position detection circuit 4 based on the measurement result.
- the haptic generation unit 2 has an oscillation region that oscillates ultrasonic waves toward the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 and propagates the ultrasonic waves reflected by the display surface 11 in parallel with the depth direction of the stereoscopic image 8.
- An ultrasonic actuator array 20 is provided.
- the ultrasonic actuator array 20 converges the convergent ultrasonic wave at the fingertip position 9 detected by the finger position detection circuit 4 and provides a force sense stimulus to the fingertip position 9 of the observer.
- the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 updates the stereoscopic image 8 according to the fingertip position 9. Note that the ultrasonic waves oscillated from the ultrasonic actuator array 20 are regularly reflected by the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 and propagate in parallel with the depth direction of the stereoscopic image 8.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the stereoscopic display device of the first embodiment.
- the stereoscopic image 8 is observed as an image erecting in the vertical direction 23 from the viewpoint position 7 of the observer.
- the haptic stimulus F generated from the ultrasonic actuator array 20 is provided along the depth direction 24 in the portion of the stereoscopic image 8 corresponding to the fingertip position 9.
- the image of the part of the stereoscopic image 8 corresponding to the fingertip position 9 is updated.
- the three-dimensional image 8 of the pressed button is moved in the direction in which the button is pressed with respect to the three-dimensional image 8 in which a plurality of push buttons are reproduced.
- the fingertip position 9 is provided in the direction opposite to the pressing direction.
- a color liquid crystal panel in which 1280 pixels in the horizontal direction and 960 pixels in the vertical direction are arranged and the screen size is 300 mm in the horizontal direction and 200 mm in the vertical direction is used.
- the color liquid crystal panel pixels of each color of red, blue, and green are arranged in the vertical direction, and one set of these sets constitutes one pixel (about 235 ⁇ m long ⁇ about 235 ⁇ m wide).
- Lenticular lens is made of polycarbonate resin.
- the lenticular lens uses a 640 cylindrical lens array as a lens, and the lens pitch is set to about 470 ⁇ m.
- the optimal viewpoint position was set at a position 600 mm from the center of the display surface with respect to the depth direction of the stereoscopic image 8, and the focal length was set.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the processing of the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 in the first embodiment.
- the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 generates respective perspective projection images on the display surface 11 when the right eye viewpoint 31 and the left eye viewpoint 32 of the desired stereoscopic image 8 to be displayed are centered on the perspective.
- a digital image processing circuit (not shown) as image processing means.
- the digital image processing circuit performs perspective projection conversion of the parallax image according to the respective positions of the plurality of image display elements.
- the right-eye perspective projection conversion image 34 and the left-eye perspective projection conversion image 35 respectively corresponding to the right eye viewpoint 31 and the left eye viewpoint 32 are converted into one pixel in the horizontal direction by the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5.
- the images are alternately arranged at each time, and are formed into an image that can be stereoscopically viewed with a lenticular lens, and displayed on a color liquid crystal panel as an image display element.
- images corresponding to the respective viewpoints of the right eye viewpoint 31 and the left eye viewpoint 32 of the observer are optically independently presented by the lenticular lens, and as shown in FIG.
- the stereoscopic image 8 is observed as if it was erect in the vertical direction 23.
- the observer can perform stereoscopic viewing with the naked eye without wearing special glasses or the like.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining the operating principle of the ultrasonic actuator array 20 in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic actuator array 20 in the one-dimensional direction.
- FIG. 5B shows the phase distribution when the ultrasonic convergence distance is 150 mm.
- FIG. 5C shows a phase distribution when the ultrasonic convergence distance is 300 mm.
- the ultrasonic actuator array 20 has 50 ⁇ 50 actuators 41 arranged on a plane at a pitch of 4 mm.
- Each actuator 41 includes a control circuit that can freely control the pressure amplitude and phase of the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic wave generation circuit 6, and can provide an arbitrary phase distribution 42.
- the convergent wavefront 44 directed to a desired point where the stereoscopic image 8 is generated by the stereoscopic image display unit 1 is propagated and a convergent ultrasonic wave can be generated. Therefore, by changing the phase distribution that drives each actuator 41, The ultrasonic image position can be changed.
- the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the actuator 41 is reflected by the surface of the lenticular lens constituting the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- the polycarbonate resin forming the lenticular lens has an acoustic impedance larger than that of air, the ultrasonic waves are totally reflected on the display surface 11.
- the ultrasonic waves totally reflected on the display surface 11 form an ultrasonic image 10 in the same direction as the depth direction of the displayed stereoscopic image 8.
- the haptic stimulus F by the vibration stimulus can be provided by applying a modulation with a rectangular wave to the carrier wave at a frequency of 100 Hz, for example.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the stereoscopic image reproduction position and the ultrasonic image reproduction position in the first embodiment.
- the central axis of the ultrasonic actuator array 20 intersects the center of the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1, the center-to-center distance is 100 mm, and the stereoscopic image reproduction position is the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- the ultrasonic image reproduction position may be set to Zmm + 100 mm.
- the force distribution F may be provided to the fingertip by giving the phase distribution shown in FIG. 5C to the ultrasonic actuator array 20.
- a force sense is provided so that the pressure supply intensity when the fingertip reaches the second finger position is larger than the first pressure supply intensity provided when the fingertip reaches the first fingertip position.
- the finger position sensor 3 in the first embodiment was triangulated by stereo image measurement.
- the finger position sensor 3 may be one using various optical elements such as distance measurement by blocking detection light, or a distance measuring element using ultrasonic waves.
- an optical element that emits measurement light when used, light that avoids the visible light region is used as measurement light, or modulation is performed at a frequency different from the display update frequency (refresh rate) of the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- Use light when using an ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic wave is set to a frequency different from the ultrasonic wave that provides a force sense.
- FIG. 7A to 7D are schematic views for explaining the action of generating the inclined wavefront by the ultrasonic actuator array 20 in the first embodiment.
- the wavefront angle ⁇ 2 is obtained using Equations 1 and 2 as in the case of the convergent ultrasonic wave.
- the inclined wavefront 47 can be generated by giving a phase difference corresponding to the wavefront angle ⁇ 2.
- the phase difference between the adjacent actuators 41 of the ultrasonic actuator array 20 is constant.
- the oscillation region of the ultrasonic actuator array 20 is divided into a plurality of oscillation regions 21 and 22, and a plurality of ultrasonic images having different propagation directions from each of the plurality of oscillation regions 21 and 22.
- a and B may be generated, respectively, and the plurality of oscillation regions 21 and 22 may be configured to reproduce different wavefronts.
- the pitch of the lenticular lens constituting the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 is about 470 ⁇ m, which is smaller than the ultrasonic wavelength of 4 mm, the convex surface of the lens group included in the lenticular lens is substantially less than the ultrasonic wave. Can be regarded as a flat surface. If necessary, the flatness of the ultrasonic reflection surface may be improved by disposing an optically transparent glass or resin flat plate on the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- a parallax barrier, a lens array for integral photography, or a pinhole array may be used as an optical system for performing stereoscopic display, and the viewpoint position may be two or more viewpoints.
- the image display element in addition to the color liquid crystal panel, various flat display panels such as an organic EL panel, a plasma display panel, a surface electric field display panel, and electronic paper may be used.
- a panel having a larger number of pixels and a larger screen size than the above-described configuration may be used.
- the size of the ultrasonic actuator array, the pitch of the actuator, and the frequency are not limited to the present embodiment, and may be appropriately changed as necessary.
- the ultrasonic image generation space by the force sense generation unit 2 and the stereoscopic image generation space in which the stereoscopic image display unit 1 generates the stereoscopic image 8 are spatially overlapped at the same position.
- the entire display device can be reduced in size.
- 1st Embodiment can provide the force sense by the ultrasonic wave with respect to the depth direction of the three-dimensional image 8 to an observer's fingertip.
- the reproduction position of the stereoscopic image 8 can be changed in the depth direction of the stereoscopic image 8 in accordance with the movement of the fingertip of the observer, which can be widely applied to interactive applications. it can.
- FIG. 8A the stereoscopic display device according to the second embodiment includes a pair of first force sense generators 51 and a pair of first force sense generators 51 disposed opposite to each other with the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 interposed therebetween. Two force generation units 52 are provided.
- the stereoscopic display device also includes the finger position sensor 3, the finger position detection circuit 4, the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5, and the ultrasonic wave generation circuit 6 as in the first embodiment. Since it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, illustration is abbreviate
- the first force sense generating unit 51 has a first ultrasonic actuator array 71.
- the first ultrasonic actuator array 71 is arranged along one side above the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- the second force sense generator 52 has a second ultrasonic actuator array 72.
- the second ultrasonic actuator array 72 is disposed along the bottom side below the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1.
- the size of the ultrasonic actuator arrays 71 and 72 in the horizontal direction is 1 ⁇ 2 of the size of the ultrasonic actuator array 20 in the first embodiment.
- the number of actuators 75 included in the ultrasonic actuator arrays 71 and 72 is 50 ⁇ 25, and the total size of the ultrasonic actuator arrays 71 and 72 is 100 mm ⁇ 200 mm.
- the ultrasonic actuator array 71 is provided with the same phase distribution (the range of the opening of the ultrasonic actuator array 71) as in the first embodiment, and the ultrasonic wave is reflected on the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 to An ultrasonic image is reproduced at position 9.
- the second ultrasonic actuator array 72 disposed on the bottom side of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 has a phase distribution corresponding to FIG. 7B in which the phase distribution of the convergent spherical wave on which the inclined wavefront shown in FIG. 7A is superimposed is superimposed.
- the wavefront angle ⁇ 2 of the inclined wavefront 47 is set to 45 ° or more, the ultrasonic waves emitted from the second ultrasonic actuator array 72 are reflected by the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 and reach the fingertip position 9.
- the oscillation region of the ultrasonic actuator array 72 of the second force sense generation unit 52 may be divided into two first oscillation regions 73 and second oscillation regions 74. Good.
- ultrasonic waves reflected from the display surface 11 of the stereoscopic image display unit 1 are oscillated from the first oscillation region 73 and propagated directly from the second oscillation region 74 to the fingertip position 9. Oscillates.
- the number of divisions of the oscillation region of the ultrasonic actuator array may be set to any number of two or more as necessary.
- the fingertip A force sensation acting upward when the position 9 is moved downward in the vertical direction may be provided. That is, it is possible to generate a force sense against the moving direction when the stereoscopic image 8 is moved downward.
- the oscillation region of the ultrasonic actuator array has a plurality of actuators 75 that are orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the plurality of actuators 75 in advance, as shown in FIG.
- the direction in which the ultrasonic waves are oscillated from the actuator 75 may be inclined with respect to the vertical direction by a desired inclination angle ⁇ 3.
- the size of the ultrasonic actuator array, the pitch of the actuators, and the frequency of the ultrasonic waves are not limited to the configuration of the present embodiment, and may be changed as appropriate.
- the stereoscopic display device according to the third embodiment includes first and second stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 arranged adjacent to each other so that the display surfaces form a predetermined inclination angle. , And first and second force generation units 83 and 84 arranged to face each other with the display surfaces of the first and second stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 interposed therebetween.
- the first and second finger position sensors 3a and 3b are arranged on both sides of the first stereoscopic image display unit 81 in the horizontal direction.
- the fingertip position 9 in the space surrounded by the two display surfaces of the first and second stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 can be detected.
- the finger position detection circuit 4 and the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 connected to the first and second finger position sensors 3a and 3b.
- the ultrasonic wave generation circuit 6 is provided, since it is the same as that of the first embodiment, the illustration is omitted.
- the stereoscopic image display portions 81 and 82 are arranged such that the end surfaces of the outer peripheral portions are in contact with each other so that the display surfaces form an angle of 90 ° with each other, and not only the stereoscopic image 8 with respect to the depth direction but also two display surfaces. It is possible to display the stereoscopic image 8 in the space surrounded by.
- the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 display the stereoscopic image 8 by displaying the perspective projection conversion image corresponding to the viewpoint position 7 of the observer.
- 9A to 9D schematically show only one eye as the viewpoint position 7 of the observer, but each of the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 corresponds to each viewpoint position of the right eye viewpoint and the left eye viewpoint.
- Each perspective projection conversion image is displayed.
- the fingertip position 9 of the observer is measured by the finger position sensors 3a and 3b, and is detected by the finger position detection circuit 4 based on the measurement result.
- the first force sense generating unit 83 has an ultrasonic actuator array 85.
- the second force sense generation unit 84 includes an ultrasonic actuator array 86.
- the ultrasonic actuator arrays 85 and 86 are arranged on both side surfaces with their end surfaces being in contact with each other perpendicular to the display surfaces of the stereoscopic image display portions 81 and 82.
- the ultrasonic actuator arrays 85 and 86 converge the convergent ultrasonic wave at the fingertip position 9 detected by the finger position detection circuit 4 and provide the force sense stimulus F to the fingertip position 9 of the observer.
- the stereoscopic image 8 is updated by the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 in accordance with the movement of the fingertip position 9.
- the ultrasonic actuator arrays 85 and 86 output ultrasonic waves in which the inclined wavefront shown in FIG. 7A and the phase distribution of the convergent wavefront by the convergent spherical wave shown in FIG. 5A are superimposed.
- the ultrasonic wave emitted from the ultrasonic actuator arrays 85 and 86 is set as shown in FIG. 9B by setting the propagation direction of the inclined wavefront to the respective display surfaces of the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82. Specular reflection is performed on the display surfaces of the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82. That is, the ultrasonic wave reflected by the display surface of the stereoscopic image display unit 81 propagates to the position of the stereoscopic image 8 through the path of the reflected wave 87.
- the ultrasonic actuator arrays 85 and 86 have a right triangle shape composed of two sides of 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm perpendicular to each other, and 25 actuators are arranged at a pitch of 4 mm.
- Each actuator has a control circuit that can freely control the pressure amplitude and phase of the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic wave generation circuit 6, and can provide an arbitrary phase distribution.
- the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5 is a digital image processing circuit that generates projection images on the display surfaces of the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 when the right eye viewpoint and the left eye viewpoint of the stereoscopic image 8 to be displayed are centered on the perspective. have.
- the right eye perspective projection conversion image 34 and the left eye perspective projection conversion image 35 corresponding to each of the right eye viewpoint and the left eye viewpoint are alternately arranged for each pixel in the horizontal direction by the stereoscopic image generation circuit 5, and are lenticular lenses. Is displayed on a color liquid crystal panel which is an image display element.
- images corresponding to the right eye viewpoint and left eye viewpoint of the observer are optically independently presented by the lenticular lens, and the stereoscopic image 8 is observed so as to stand upright in the vertical direction.
- a color liquid crystal panel having 1280 pixels in the horizontal direction, 960 pixels in the vertical direction, and a screen size of 300 mm in the horizontal direction and 200 mm in the vertical direction was used.
- pixels of each color of red, blue, and green are arranged in the vertical direction, and one set of these pixels (235 ⁇ m ⁇ 235 ⁇ m).
- a polycarbonate resin was used as the lenticular lens.
- the lens pitch of the lenticular lens is about 470 ⁇ m, and the lens is an array of 640 cylindrical lenses. Set the distance.
- the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 use lenticular lenses, the observer can perform stereoscopic viewing with the naked eye without wearing special glasses or the like.
- the ultrasonic wave propagation direction of the ultrasonic actuator array 85 (or the ultrasonic actuator array 86) is directed directly to the fingertip position 9 (in the direction in which the direct wave 88 propagates). Propagation may be provided by propagation.
- the ultrasonic actuator array 85 (or the ultrasonic actuator array 86) is divided into a reflected wave region 91 and a direct wave region 92, and the display surfaces of the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 are divided. You may generate the ultrasonic wave reflected by and the ultrasonic wave propagating directly toward the fingertip position 9.
- the number of divisions of the ultrasonic actuator array 85 may be set to any number as long as it is two or more.
- a plurality of actuators 75 are preliminarily inclined at an inclination angle ⁇ 3 with respect to a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the plurality of actuators 75.
- An ultrasonic actuator array arranged at an inclination may be used.
- the size of the ultrasonic actuator arrays 85 and 86, the pitch and the frequency of the actuator 75 are not limited to the present embodiment, and may be appropriately changed as necessary.
- the finger position sensor 3 in the third embodiment triangulation by stereo image measurement is used.
- various optical elements such as distance measurement by blocking detection light may be used, or a distance measurement element using ultrasonic waves may be used.
- the measurement light is light that avoids the visible light region, or is modulated at a frequency different from the display update frequency (refresh rate) of the stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82. Use the light.
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves is set to a frequency different from that of the ultrasonic waves that provide force sense.
- the pitch of the lenticular lenses constituting the display surfaces of the first and second stereoscopic image display portions 81 and 82 is 460 ⁇ m, which is smaller than the ultrasonic wavelength of 4 mm. Therefore, the convex surface of the lens group included in the lenticular lens is super It can be considered to be substantially flat with respect to sound waves. If necessary, a display that is an ultrasonic reflection surface is provided by arranging optically transparent glass or resin flat plates on the display surfaces of the first and second stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82. You may improve the flatness of a surface.
- an optical system for performing stereoscopic display for example, a parallax barrier, an integral photography lens array, or a pinhole array may be used, and the viewpoint position may be set to two or more viewpoints.
- image display element in addition to the color liquid crystal panel, various flat display panels such as an organic EL (electroluminescence) panel, a plasma display panel, a surface electric field display panel, and electronic paper may be used.
- organic EL electroluminescence
- plasma display panel a plasma display panel
- surface electric field display panel a surface electric field display panel
- electronic paper a panel having a larger number of pixels and a larger screen size than the above-described configuration may be used.
- the ultrasonic image generation space by the first and second force sense generation units 83 and 84 and the first and second stereoscopic image display units 81 and 82 generate the stereoscopic image 8. Since the stereoscopic image generation space overlaps spatially at the same position, the entire stereoscopic display device can be reduced in size.
- the stereoscopic image 8 can be changed in the depth direction of the stereoscopic image 8 according to the movement of the fingertip of the observer, and can be widely applied to interactive applications.
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Abstract
Description
図2に、第1の実施形態の立体表示装置の模式図を示す。図2に示すように、第1の実施形態の立体表示装置は、少なくとも2つの視点に対応する視差画像をそれぞれ空間的に分離して表示する表示面11を有する立体画像表示部1と、立体画像表示部1の表示面11に向けて音波を発振し、表示面11で反射された音波よる所定の圧力を、立体画像表示部1によって表示された立体画像8の位置と空間的に同一位置に発生する力覚生成部2と、を備えている。なお、本発明において、立体画像8の位置とは、立体画像8が知覚される位置(再生位置)を指しており、立体画像表示部1の表示面11から離れた位置を指している。
x/L=tanθ1 ・・・(式2)
ここで、超音波の周波数を85kHzとすれば、空気中における波長λが4mm(音速340m/sとした場合)となる。アクチュエータ41のピッチpを4mm、アクチュエータ41の個数を50個×50個、超音波アクチュエータアレイ20全体のサイズを200mm×200mmに設定したとき、例えば、集束距離150mm、300mmである場合には、図5B、5Cにそれぞれ示すような位相分布を与える。これによって、立体画像表示部1によって立体画像8が生成される所望の点に向かう収束波面44が伝播し、収束超音波が生成できるので、各アクチュエータ41を駆動する位相分布を変化させることで、超音波像位置を変化させることができる。
図8A~図8Dに、第2の実施形態の立体表示装置の模式図を示す。図8Aに示すように、第2の実施形態の立体表示装置は、立体画像表示部1の表示面11を間に挟んで対向して配置された一対の第1の力覚生成部51及び第2の力覚生成部52を備えている。
図9A~図9Dに、第3の実施形態の立体表示装置の模式図を示す。図9Aに示すように、第3の実施形態の立体表示装置は、表示面同士が所定の傾斜角をなすように隣接して配置された第1及び第2の立体画像表示部81,82と、第1及び第2の立体画像表示部81,82の各表示面を間に挟んで対向して配置された第1及び第2の力覚生成部83,84と、を備えている。
2 力覚生成部
3 指位置センサ
7 視点位置
8 立体画像
9 指先位置
11 表示面
20 超音波アクチュエータアレイ
23 鉛直方向
24 奥行き方向
31 右眼視点
32 左眼視点
34 右眼用透視投影変換画像
35 左眼用透視投影変換画像
F 力覚刺激
Claims (10)
- 少なくとも2つの視点に対応する視差画像をそれぞれ空間的に分離して表示する表示面を有する立体画像表示部と、
前記立体画像表示部の前記表示面に向けて音波を発振し、前記表示面で反射された音波よる所定の圧力を、前記立体画像表示部によって表示された立体画像の位置と空間的に同一位置に発生する力覚生成部と、を備える、立体表示装置。 - 前記立体画像表示部の前記表示面を間に挟んで対向して配置された2つの前記力覚生成部を備える、請求項1に記載の立体表示装置。
- 表示面同士が所定の傾斜角をなすように隣接して配置された2つの前記立体画像表示部と、
少なくとも一方の前記立体画像表示部の前記表示面を間に挟んで対向して配置された2つの前記力覚生成部と、を備える、請求項1に記載の立体表示装置。 - 前記力覚生成部は音波アクチュエータアレイを有し、
前記音波アクチュエータアレイは、複数の前記発振領域を有し、該複数の発振領域のそれぞれが異なる波面を再生する、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の立体表示装置。 - 前記力覚生成部は音波アクチュエータアレイを有し、
前記音波アクチュエータアレイは、前記立体画像表示部の前記表示面に向けて音波を発振し、前記表示面で反射された音波を前記立体画像の位置に伝播させる第1の発振領域と、前記立体画像表示部によって表示された前記立体画像の位置に直接向かうように音波を発振する第2の発振領域と、を有している、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の立体表示装置。 - 前記音波アクチュエータアレイは、複数の音波アクチュエータの配列方向に直交する方向に対して、前記複数の音波アクチュエータから音波を発振する方向が傾斜されている、請求項4または5に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記立体画像表示部は、平面上に配列された複数の画像表示素子を有し、前記少なくとも2つの視点に対応する視差画像を、前記複数の画像表示素子のそれぞれの位置に応じて透視投影変換する画像処理手段を有する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記立体画像を見る観察者の、前記立体画像の位置に重なる触覚部位を検出する位置検出手段を備え、
前記立体画像表示部は、前記触覚部位が移動したときに、前記位置検出手段の検出結果に基づいて前記立体映像の位置を移動させる、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の立体表示装置。 - 前記力覚生成部は、前記触覚部位が移動したときに、前記立体画像表示部が移動させた前記立体画像の位置に応じて、前記力覚生成部が音波による圧力の大きさを変化させる、請求項8に記載の立体表示装置。
- 少なくとも2つの視点に対応する視差画像をそれぞれ空間的に分離することで立体画像を表示し、前記視差画像を表示する表示面で音波を反射させて、前記立体画像の位置と空間的に同一位置に音波を伝播させて力覚を生じさせる、立体表示方法。
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