Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4704—2-Quinolinones, e.g. carbostyril
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
  • C07D215/54—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 3
  • C07D215/56—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 3 with oxygen atoms in position 4
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

• Laquinimod is a compound which has been shown to be effective in the acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (aEAE) model (U.S. Patent No. 6,077,851). Its chemical name is N-etoyl-N-phenyl-l,2-d3 ⁇ 4y ⁇ kcH4-hydroxy-5-cMoro-l ⁇
• compositions comprising laquinimod sodium are disclosed in PCT International Application Publication No. WO 2005/074899.
• Laquinimod sodium is a novel synthetic compound with high oral bioavailability, which has been suggested as an oral formulation for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
• MS Multiple Sclerosis
• laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS", Neurology. 64:987-991).
• processes are required which take into consideration of the impurities disclosed herein.
• the subj comprising a compound having the
• composition in an amount from more than 3ppm to less than 90 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition, and a carrier.
• the subject invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of: a) laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
• the subject invention further provides a process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition described herein, the process comprises:
• N-phenyl-l,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide present in the batch of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for producing a validated batch of a pharmaceutical composition containing laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for distribution, the process comprises: a) obtaining a batch of the pharmaceutical composition;
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for producing laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the process comprises:
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for producing laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the process comprises:
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for preparing 5-chloro-4-hydroxy- 1 - methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl- l,2-dihydroquinoline-3-earboxamide, the process comprises:
• Figure 1 is the HPLC chromatogram of a sample of laquinimod containing DELAQ impurity using HPLC analysis Condition 1.
• Figure 2 is the HPLC chromatogram of a sample of laquinimod containing DELAQ impurity using HPLC analysis Condition 2.
• Figure 3 is the HPLC chromatogram of a sample of N-ethylaniline (NEA) which contains aniline impurity.
• the subj comprising a compound having the structure:
• composition in an amount from more than 3ppm to less than 90 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition, and a carrier.
• the subject invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of: a) laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
• the compound is present in an amount less than 0.1% based on the combined weight of the compound and laquinimod. In an embodiment of the pharmaceutical composition, the compound is present in an amount less than 3 ppm or less than 2 ppm based on the combined weight of the compound and laquinimod.
• the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a tablet.
• the subject invention further provides a process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition described herein, the process comprises:
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for producing a validated batch of a pharmaceutical composition containing laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for distribution, the process comprises: a) obtaining a batch of the pharmaceutical composition;
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for producing laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the process comprises:
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for producing laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the process comprises:
• the subject invention yet further provides a process for preparing 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-l- methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-l,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide, the process comprises:
• the reacting step is performed in a mixture of heptane and octane.
• any range disclosed herein it is meant that all hundredth, tenth and integer unit amounts within the range are specifically disclosed as part of the invention.
• 0.01 mg to 50 mg means that 0.02, 0.03 ... 0.09; 0.1, 0.2 ... 0.9; and 1, 2 ... 49 mg unit amounts are included as embodiments of this invention.
• a characteristic of a compound refers to any quality that a compound exhibits, e.g., peaks or retention times, as determined by 1H nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, infrared, ultraviolet or fluorescence spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, elemental analysis, Ames test, dissolution, stability and any other quality that can be determined by an analytical method.
• the information can be used to, for example, screen or test for the presence of the compound in a sample.
• a "pharmaceutically acceptable" carrier or excipient is one that is suitable for use with humans and/or animals without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, and allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit risk ratio.
• drag substance refers to the active ingredient in a drug product, which provides pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or animals.
• drug product refers to the finished dosage form containing the drug substance as well as at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• an "isolated" compound is a compound isolated from the crude reaction mixture following an affirmative act of isolation.
• the act of isolation necessarily involves separating the compound from the other known components of the crude reaction mixture, with some impurities, unknown side products and residual amounts of the other known components of the crude reaction mixture permitted to remain. Purification is an example of an affirmative act of isolation.
• composition is distinct from a “pharmaceutical composition", and is substantially stable and unchanging over the course of a day.
• a composition as used herein is understood to be present in an inert environment.
• a composition that is "free" of a chemical entity means that the composition contains, if at all, an amount of the chemical entity which cannot be avoided following an affirmative act intended to eliminate the presence of the chemical entity in the composition.
• stability testing refers to tests conducted at specific time intervals and various environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity) to see if and to what extent a drug product degrades over its designated shelf life time.
• the specific conditions and time of the tests are such that they accelerate the conditions the drug product is expected to encounter over its shelf life.
• detailed requirements of stability testing for finished pharmaceuticals are codified in 21 C.F.R ⁇ 211.166, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Laquinimod is a small molecule having the following chemical structure:
• EAE Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
• MS Multiple Sclerosis
• DSS Dextran Sodium Solphate
• NOD Non-Obese Diabetic mice
• IDDM Non-Obese Diabetic mice
• EAN Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis
• SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• the therapeutic activity of laquinimod in these models results from a variety of mechanistic effects, including reduction of leukocyte infiltration into target tissues by modulation of chemokine-mediated T-cell adhesion, modulation of cytokine balance, down regulation of MHC class II resulting in alteration of antigen presentation, and effects on dendritic cells subpopulations.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of laquinimod includes lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum and iron. Salt formulations of laquinimod and the process for preparing the same are described, e.g., in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0192315 and PCT International Application Publication No. WO 2005/074899, which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
• a dosage unit may comprise a single compound or mixtures of compounds thereof.
• a dosage unit can be prepared for oral dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, pills, powders, and granules.
• Laquinimod can be administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, extenders, excipients, or carriers (collectively referred to herein as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration and as consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
• the unit is preferably in a form suitable for oral administration.
• Laquinimod can be administered alone but is generally mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and co-administered in the form of a tablet or capsule, liposome, or as an agglomerated powder.
• suitable solid carriers include lactose, sucrose, gelatin and agar. Capsule or tablets can be easily formulated and can be made easy to swallow or chew; other solid forms include granules, and bulk powders.
• Tablets may contain suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flow-inducing agents, and melting agents.
• the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, gelatin, agar, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol, microcrystalline cellulose and the like.
• Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn starch, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth, or sodium alginate, povidone, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like.
• Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc and the like.
• Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate and the like.
• DELAQ (des-ethyl-laquinimod; 5-chloro-4-hydroxy- 1 -methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl- 1,2- dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide), having the following chemical structure, is an undesirable synthetic by-product of laquinimod synthesis and a potential degradation by-product of laquinim
• DELAQ as an impurity in the laquinimod sodium drug substance is tested by a HPLC method and the specification for this impurity is provided as not more than 0.1%.
• the GMP drug substance batches of laquinimod sodium have been tested and the levels of DELAQ in these batches have been found to be less than 3 ppm.
• DELAQ can be formed as an impurity in the manufacture of laquinimod, when starting material N-ethylaniline (NEA) contains aniline as an impurity. Therefore, the level of aniline in the starting material N-ethylaniline is monitored and N-ethylaniline is used for manufacture of laquinimod only if the aniline amount is less than 0.5%.
• the amount of aniline in the starting material N-ethylaniline is analyzed under the following HPLC conditions.
• Buffer pH 7.0 Dissolve 7.7g of Ammonium acetate in 2000mL water and adjust with aqueous ammonia or glacial acetic acid to pH 7.0 ⁇ 0.05
• Figure 3 is a HPLC chromatogram showing analytical results of a sample of N-ethylaniline under such HPLC conditions. As shown in Figure 3, aniline was present in the sample of N-ethylaniline at retention time of 3.003 minutes using the above HPLC method.
• the DELAQ as an impurity in the laquinimod sodium drag substance has been monitored.
• a batch of the laquinimod sodium drug substance is approved for the preparation of final drug product only if the DELAQ impurity is not more than 0.1% using HPLC analysis.
• the HPLC method used in analyzing the DELAQ impurity in the laquinimod sodium drug substance is based on a reversed phase HPLC, comprises a reverse phase column with high lipophilicity and very low silanol activity, mobile phase containing acetonitrile and aqueous ammonium acetate buffer, and a UV-vis detector, working at wavelength of 240 nm.
• the DELAQ impurity has been analyzed using HPLC under following conditions.
• Ammonium acetate buffer Dissolve 7.7g of Ammonium acetate in 2000mL water and adjust to pH 7.0 ⁇ 0.05 with aqueous ammonia or glacial acetic acid. Samples of laquinimod drug substance were analyzed for the presence of DELAQ using the
• HPLC Condition 1 described above.
• Figure 1 is a HPLC chromatogram showing analytical results of a sample of laquinimod drug substance under such HPLC conditions. As shown in Figure 1, DELAQ was present in the sample of laquinimod drug substance at retention time of 6.042 minutes under HPLC Condition 1.
• Condition 2 :
• Ammonium acetate buffer Dissolve 7.7g of Ammonium acetate in 2000 mL water and adjust to pH 7.0 ⁇ 0.05 with aqueous ammonia or glacial acetic acid.
• FIG. 2 is a HPLC chromatogram showing analytical results of a sample of laquinimod drug substance under such HPLC conditions. As shown in Figure 2, DELAQ was present in the sample of laquinimod drug substance at retention time of 10.144 minutes under HPLC Condition 2.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Quinoline Compounds (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-07-08 BR BR112013000607A patent/BR112013000607A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-07-08 AU AU2011274502A patent/AU2011274502A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-07-08 EA EA201390074A patent/EA201390074A1/ru unknown
  • 2011-07-08 MX MX2013000332A patent/MX2013000332A/es unknown
  • 2011-07-08 NZ NZ606589A patent/NZ606589A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-07-08 CN CN201180034077.5A patent/CN102985090B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-07-08 WO PCT/US2011/043391 patent/WO2012006544A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2011-07-08 CA CA2804989A patent/CA2804989A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-07-08 EP EP16159268.8A patent/EP3056205A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-07-08 EP EP11804416.3A patent/EP2590653A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-07-08 US US13/178,865 patent/US20120010239A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-07-08 KR KR1020137003331A patent/KR20130041193A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2011-07-08 JP JP2013519726A patent/JP5934202B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-02-05 ZA ZA2013/00957A patent/ZA201300957B/en unknown
  • 2013-05-20 HK HK16113723.9A patent/HK1225308A1/en unknown
• 2015
  • 2015-10-16 JP JP2015204932A patent/JP2016053049A/ja active Pending
• 2016
  • 2016-06-13 US US15/180,727 patent/US20160279121A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2017
  • 2017-11-17 AU AU2017261621A patent/AU2017261621A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2018
  • 2018-01-04 US US15/861,952 patent/US20180140592A1/en not_active Abandoned

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