WO2012005042A1 - 電流センサ - Google Patents
電流センサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012005042A1 WO2012005042A1 PCT/JP2011/059449 JP2011059449W WO2012005042A1 WO 2012005042 A1 WO2012005042 A1 WO 2012005042A1 JP 2011059449 W JP2011059449 W JP 2011059449W WO 2012005042 A1 WO2012005042 A1 WO 2012005042A1
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- Prior art keywords
- current
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- magnetic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
- G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0038—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
- G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current sensor having high accuracy and low power consumption over a wide measurement range.
- the magnitude of the current for driving a motor of an electric vehicle or a hybrid is measured by a current sensor. Further, in the motor driving battery, the remaining amount of the battery is managed by detecting the amount of current flowing in and out of the battery with a current sensor.
- a current sensor there are a magnetic proportional type current sensor and a magnetic balance type current sensor.
- a magnetic proportional current sensor In a magnetic proportional current sensor, a magnetic field proportional to the measured current passes through the core gap due to the lines of magnetic force generated in the magnetic core, and the magnetic detection element converts this magnetic field into a voltage signal, which is proportional to the measured current. Output voltage.
- a magnetic balance type current sensor when a current to be measured flows, an output voltage is generated in the magnetic detection element by a magnetic field corresponding to the current, and a voltage signal output from the magnetic detection element is converted into a current, and a feedback coil Feedback.
- the magnetic balance type current sensor operates so that the magnetic field generated by the feedback coil (cancellation magnetic field) and the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured cancel each other, so that the magnetic field is always zero.
- the current is converted into a voltage and output as an output.
- Patent Document 1 arranges a magnetic proportional current sensor using a Hall element and a magnetic balance type current sensor using a Hall element, depending on the magnitude of the current to be measured. A method of switching and using these is disclosed.
- the measurement range of magnetic current sensors such as a magnetic balanced current sensor and a magnetic proportional current sensor is limited by various conditions such as magnetic saturation and power supply voltage. For this reason, when the current to be measured is measured with a magnetic current sensor, the use of the magnetic current sensor has been limited within the measurement range.
- a magnetic proportional current sensor is used in a large current region, but the use of the magnetic proportional current sensor is limited to a range in which magnetic saturation does not occur, and a wide measurement range cannot be taken. It was.
- two types of current sensors must be prepared separately. For this reason, space saving cannot be achieved and the manufacturing process becomes complicated.
- the present invention has been made in view of such points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a current sensor that can widen the measurement range, can measure with high accuracy at a low current, and can save space.
- the current sensor of the present invention includes a magnetic sensor whose characteristics change due to an induced magnetic field from a current to be measured, a shunt resistor connected in series to a current line that circulates the current to be measured, and an output of the magnetic sensor at a small current.
- a switching unit that switches to magnetic detection using a voltage as a sensor output, and switches shunt resistance detection using a voltage difference of the shunt resistor as a sensor output when a large current is applied.
- the switching unit provides a threshold within a range in which linearity is obtained in the output characteristics of the magnetic sensor, and a small current is detected when the magnitude of the current to be measured is smaller than the threshold. It is preferable to switch to the magnetic detection sometimes, and to switch to the shunt resistance detection when the current is larger than the threshold when the current is large. According to this configuration, the measurement range can be widened, and the measurement accuracy can be increased within a range in which linearity is obtained from the output characteristics of the magnetic sensor.
- the magnetic sensor is provided on the shunt resistor via an insulating substrate. According to this configuration, since the resistance value of the shunt resistor is set low so that a large current can be measured, the current under measurement flowing through the shunt resistor can be detected by the magnetic sensor when the current is small.
- the magnetic sensor is arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic sensor element whose characteristics are changed by the induced magnetic field from the current to be measured and the canceling magnetic field that cancels the induced magnetic field. It is preferable that the sensor be a magnetic balance type sensor including a feedback coil. According to this configuration, a highly accurate measurement can be performed at a small current, and a current sensor having a wide measurement range can be provided.
- the magnetic sensor is a magnetic proportional sensor including a magnetic sensor element whose characteristics are changed by an induced magnetic field from the current to be measured. According to this configuration, it is possible to provide a current sensor with low power consumption at a small current and a wide measurement range.
- a magnetic sensor whose characteristics are changed by an induced magnetic field from the current to be measured, a shunt resistor connected in series to a current line through which the current to be measured flows, and the magnetic sensor at a small current Switching to magnetic detection with the output voltage of the sensor as the sensor output and switching between the shunt resistance detection with the voltage difference of the shunt resistance as the sensor output at the time of a large current. Magnetic detection and shunt resistance detection are performed. Therefore, the measurement range can be widened, the measurement can be performed with high accuracy at a low current, and the space can be saved.
- the magnetic proportional current sensor can measure a relatively small measured current with low power consumption with high accuracy.
- the magnetic proportional current sensor cannot be used because the magnetic core is magnetically saturated due to the magnetic field and the subsequent output value is distorted, and the dynamic range of the current to be measured is narrow. It becomes a thing.
- the magnetic balance type current sensor has a more complicated configuration than the magnetic proportional current sensor, but can measure the current to be measured with high accuracy even compared with the magnetic proportional current sensor.
- the magnetic balance type current sensor cannot take a wide dynamic range of the current to be measured because there is an upper limit to the current that continues to flow through the feedback coil due to various conditions such as the power supply voltage.
- a method of measuring the current to be measured from the voltage difference of the shunt resistor can be considered.
- the resistance value of the shunt resistor is set small in order to widen the dynamic range. Thereby, a large current to be measured can be detected, but sufficient measurement accuracy cannot be obtained when measuring a small current to be measured.
- the present inventors pay attention to the above points, and by switching between magnetic detection and shunt resistance detection according to the magnitude of the current to be measured, the measurement range is widened and high accuracy is achieved at low currents.
- the present inventors have found that measurement can be achieved and space saving can be realized, and the present invention has been achieved.
- power consumption can be reduced by using magnetic proportional detection, and detection can be performed with high accuracy by using magnetic balance detection.
- the essence of the present invention is that a magnetic sensor whose characteristics are changed by an induced magnetic field from a current to be measured, a shunt resistor connected in series to a current line that circulates the current to be measured, and the magnetic sensor at a small current.
- a current sensor comprising: magnetic detection using the output voltage as a sensor output; and a switching unit that switches between shunt resistance detection using the voltage difference of the shunt resistance as a sensor output when the current is large. In other words, it is possible to detect with high accuracy at a small current and to save space.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a current sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the current sensor 1 shown in FIG. 1 is disposed in the vicinity of the current line through which the current to be measured flows.
- the current sensor 1 controls a shunt resistor 11 connected in series to a current line, a magnetic balance type sensor 12 arranged with respect to the shunt resistor 11 via an insulating material 14, and the shunt resistor 11 and the magnetic balance type sensor 12.
- a control unit 13 see FIG. 2.
- the shunt resistor 11 has a large cross-sectional area and is set to have a low resistance so that the current sensor 1 can measure a large current.
- the shunt resistor 11 is formed in a plate shape, and is integrated with the magnetic balance sensor 12 via an insulating material 14 attached to the plate surface. In this case, since the magnetic balance sensor 12 detects the current to be measured flowing through the shunt resistor 11 by the generated magnetic field, the measurement is performed without contact.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the current sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the magnetic balance sensor 12 includes a feedback coil 121 disposed so as to generate a magnetic field that cancels a magnetic field generated by a current to be measured, and a bridge circuit 122 including a magnetoresistive effect element that is a magnetic detection element.
- the control unit 13 amplifies the differential output of the shunt resistor 11, a differential / current amplifier 132 that amplifies the differential output of the bridge circuit 122 and controls the feedback current of the feedback coil 121, and magnetic It includes an I / V amplifier 133 that converts the feedback current of the balanced sensor 12 into a voltage, and a switch circuit 134 that switches between shunt resistance detection and magnetic balance detection.
- the feedback coil 121 is disposed in the vicinity of the magnetoresistive effect element of the bridge circuit 122, and generates a canceling magnetic field that cancels the induced magnetic field generated by the current to be measured.
- the magnetoresistive effect element of the bridge circuit 122 include a GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) element and a TMR (Tunnel Magneto Resistance) element.
- the magnetoresistive element changes its resistance value by applying an induced magnetic field from a current to be measured.
- a magnetoresistive effect element it is easy to arrange the sensitivity axis in a direction parallel to the substrate surface on which the current sensor is installed, and a planar coil can be used.
- the bridge circuit 122 has two outputs that generate a voltage difference according to the induced magnetic field generated by the current to be measured. Two outputs of the bridge circuit 122 are amplified by a differential / current amplifier 132. In the case of the magnetic balanced detection mode (balanced mode), the amplified output is given to the feedback coil 121 as a current (feedback current). This feedback current corresponds to a voltage difference according to the induced magnetic field. At this time, a cancellation magnetic field that cancels the induction magnetic field is generated in the feedback coil 121. Then, the current flowing through the feedback coil 121 when the induced magnetic field and the canceling magnetic field cancel each other is converted into a voltage by the I / V amplifier 133, and this voltage becomes the sensor output.
- a differential / current amplifier 132 In the case of the magnetic balanced detection mode (balanced mode), the amplified output is given to the feedback coil 121 as a current (feedback current). This feedback current corresponds to a voltage difference according to the induced magnetic field. At this
- the power supply voltage is set to a value close to the reference voltage for I / V conversion + (maximum value within the rated value of feedback coil resistance ⁇ feedback coil current at full scale), thereby providing feedback.
- the current is automatically limited, and the effect of protecting the magnetoresistive effect element and the feedback coil can be obtained.
- the differential of the two outputs of the bridge circuit 122 is amplified and used as a feedback current. However, only the midpoint potential is output from the bridge circuit, and the feedback current is based on the potential difference from a predetermined reference potential. It is good.
- the switch circuit 134 switches between shunt resistance detection using the voltage difference from the differential amplifier 131 as sensor output and magnetic balance detection using the voltage converted by the I / V amplifier 133 as sensor output. In this way, the switch circuit 134 generates a magnetic field (cancellation magnetic field) that cancels the induced magnetic field caused by the current to be measured flowing in the current line (shunt resistor 11) in the balanced mode, and in the shunt resistance mode, Circuit control is performed so as not to generate a cancel magnetic field. That is, the switch circuit 134 switches ON / OFF of the feedback current in the magnetic balance detection mode.
- the magnetic balanced sensor 12 has an upper limit on the current that continues to flow through the feedback coil 121 due to a shortage of the power supply voltage. Range is narrowed. Further, since the shunt resistor 11 is set to have a small resistance value, the output voltage at the time of a small current to be measured is very small, so that the measurement accuracy is low. Therefore, in order to widen the measurement range and improve the measurement accuracy when measuring small currents, magnetic balance detection is used in the region of relatively small current to be measured, and shunting is performed in the region of relatively large current to be measured. It is desirable to use resistance detection.
- the switch circuit 134 switches between magnetic balance detection and shunt resistance detection (mode switching) by determining a threshold value for the current to be measured. Specifically, magnetic balance detection is performed on the small measured current side, and shunt resistance detection is performed on the larger measured current side.
- the threshold value of the current to be measured will be described with reference to FIG.
- the output characteristic of the magnetic balance sensor 12 becomes constant when A1 or less, changes linearly from A1 to A2, and becomes constant again when A2 or more. It is desirable that the thresholds P1 and P2 of the current to be measured be set so that magnetic balance detection is used within a range in which linearity is maintained due to such output specific change. Furthermore, it is desirable that the threshold values P1 and P2 are set in a range where noise becomes a problem in the shunt resistance detection within a range in which linearity is maintained. The threshold values P1 and P2 may be set within the range in which the linearity of the output characteristics of the magnetic balance sensor 12 is obtained, and may be set to the upper limit and the lower limit of the range in which the linearity is obtained.
- the linearity of the output characteristics of the magnetic sensor is caused by the characteristics of the magnetoresistive effect element and the distance between the magnetoresistive effect element and the feedback coil 121. Therefore, the linearity is appropriately set according to these factors. Further, the threshold value for switching from magnetic balance detection to shunt resistance detection may be provided with hysteresis to avoid frequent switching.
- the switch circuit 134 may switch between magnetic balance detection and shunt resistance detection by an external signal. By doing in this way, the power consumption of a current sensor can be suppressed at a timing when the user wants to save power, such as in a sleep mode. In this case, a mode signal is input to the switch circuit 134 from the outside.
- the switch circuit 134 indicates information indicating in which mode the current to be measured is measured (a signal indicating a magnetic balance detection state or a shunt resistance detection state). ) May be output to the outside. Thereby, it is possible to confirm which mode the current sensor is currently in.
- the switch circuit 134 is configured to be connectable to an external monitor.
- the switch circuit 134 automatically switches the mode, the threshold value may be determined for the current to be measured, and the mode may be switched based on the result, from the device equipped with the current sensor. Mode switching may be performed based on the information.
- FIG. 4A is a comparative example, and shows a case where a small current is measured by a shunt resistance type.
- FIG. 4B shows this embodiment, and shows a case where a small current is measured by a magnetic balance type.
- FIG. 5A is a comparative example, and shows a case where a large current is measured by a magnetic balance method.
- FIG. 5B shows the present embodiment, and shows a case where a large current is measured by a shunt resistance type.
- the measurement is performed by the magnetic balance method in a small current region where sufficient measurement accuracy cannot be obtained by the shunt resistance method, and by the shunt resistance method in a large current region other than the small current region.
- the method is switched.
- the measurement range can be expanded and the measurement accuracy at a small current can be increased.
- the single current sensor 1 can switch between magnetic balance detection and shunt resistance detection, space saving can be achieved.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a current sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the current sensor 2 controls the shunt resistor 21 connected in series to the current line, the magnetic proportional sensor 22 arranged with respect to the shunt resistor 21 via an insulating substrate, and the shunt resistor 21 and the magnetic proportional sensor 22.
- the magnetic proportional sensor 22 includes a bridge circuit 222 including two magnetoresistive elements that are magnetic detection elements and two fixed elements.
- the control unit 23 includes a differential amplifier 231 that amplifies the differential output of the shunt resistor 21, a differential amplifier 232 that amplifies the differential output of the bridge circuit 222, and a switch circuit that switches between shunt resistance detection and magnetic proportional detection. 234.
- the switch circuit 234 uses the voltage of the differential amplifier 231 as a sensor output in the shunt resistance detection mode, and uses the voltage of the differential amplifier 232 as a sensor output in the magnetic proportional detection mode.
- the magnetic proportional sensor 22 cannot be used because the magnetic core and the magnetoresistive element are magnetically saturated due to the magnetic field, and the output value thereafter becomes out of order.
- the dynamic range of the measurement current is narrowed.
- the magnetic proportional sensor 22 consumes less power than other methods such as shunt resistance detection and magnetic proportional detection when the current to be measured is small.
- the shunt resistor 21 has a small resistance value, the measurement accuracy of a small current to be measured is low. Therefore, in order to increase the measurement range, increase the measurement accuracy during small current measurement, and reduce the power consumption, magnetic proportional detection is used in the region of a relatively small current to be measured. It is desirable to use shunt resistance detection in the measurement current region.
- the switch circuit 234 determines a threshold value for the current to be measured, and performs a magnetic proportional detection on the smaller measured current side and a shunt resistance detection on the larger measured current side.
- the threshold is set within the range in which linearity is obtained.
- the measurement is performed by the magnetic proportional method in the small current region where sufficient measurement accuracy cannot be obtained by the shunt resistance method, and is measured by the shunt resistance method in the large current region other than the small current region.
- the measurement method is switched to.
- the measurement range can be expanded and the measurement accuracy at a small current can be increased.
- the second embodiment uses magnetic proportional detection in the small electricity region, the power consumption can be reduced as compared with the first embodiment.
- the single current sensor 1 can switch between magnetic balance detection and shunt resistance detection, space saving can be achieved.
- the current sensor according to the first and second embodiments described above can be applied to a device having a large current mode and a small current mode during operation.
- the current sensor is used in a battery current sensor of an electric vehicle or a hybrid car. Applicable.
- a current of about several hundred A flows from the battery.
- the current detection is performed by the shunt resistance type in the embodiment.
- the vehicle is stopped and parked, almost no current flows, and self-discharge or dark current of 1 A or less occurs.
- current detection by the magnetic balance type of the above embodiment is performed. This makes it possible to detect the amount of battery usage with high accuracy, expand the range of battery usage, and improve the travel distance and reduce the amount of battery usage.
- the present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and can be implemented with various modifications.
- the connection relationship and size of each element in the first and second embodiments can be changed as appropriate.
- a magnetoresistive effect element is used for the magnetic balance type current sensor.
- a Hall element or other magnetic detection element is used for the magnetic balance type current sensor. Also good.
- the present invention can be implemented with appropriate modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention can be applied to a current sensor for detecting a current for driving a motor of an electric vehicle or a hybrid car or charging / discharging of a battery.
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Abstract
Description
(実施の形態1)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る電流センサを示す図である。本実施の形態においては、図1に示す電流センサ1は、被測定電流が流れる電流線の近傍に配設される。電流センサ1は、電流線に直列接続されたシャント抵抗11と、シャント抵抗11に対して絶縁材14を介して配置された磁気平衡式センサ12と、シャント抵抗11および磁気平衡式センサ12を制御する制御部13(図2参照)とを有している。シャント抵抗11は、断面積が大きく形成され、電流センサ1において大電流を測定可能なように抵抗値が低く設定されている。シャント抵抗11は、板状に形成されており、板面に取り付けられた絶縁材14を介して磁気平衡式センサ12と一体となっている。この場合、磁気平衡式センサ12は、シャント抵抗11を流れる被測定電流を発生磁界により検出するため、非接触での測定となっている。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について説明する。実施の形態2は、上述した実施の形態1と磁気平衡式センサの代わりに磁気比例式センサを用いた点についてのみ相違する。したがって、特に相違点のみ説明する。
例えば、走行時のモータ駆動時は、バッテリーより数百A程度の電流が流れる。この場合、前記実施の形態におけるシャント抵抗式での電流検出を行う。また、停車時および駐車時は、電流がほとんど流れておらず、1A以下の自己放電や暗電流である。この場合、前記実施の形態の磁気平衡式での電流検出を行う。これにより、バッテリー使用量を精度良く検出することが可能となり、バッテリーの使用範囲を広げることができ、走行距離の向上やバッテリー使用量の削減に効果がある。
Claims (5)
- 被測定電流からの誘導磁界により特性が変化する磁気センサと、
前記被測定電流を流通する電流線に直列に接続されたシャント抵抗と、
小電流時に前記磁気センサの出力電圧をセンサ出力とする磁気式検出に切り替え、大電流時に前記シャント抵抗の電圧差をセンサ出力とするシャント抵抗式検出を切り替える切替部と、を具備することを特徴とする電流センサ。 - 前記切替部は、前記磁気センサの出力特性で直線性が得られる範囲内に閾値を設け、前記被測定電流の大きさが、前記閾値よりも小さい場合を小電流時として前記磁気式検出に切り替え、前記閾値以上の場合を大電流時として前記シャント抵抗式検出に切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電流センサ。
- 前記磁気センサは、前記シャント抵抗に絶縁基板を介して設けられたことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電流センサ。
- 前記磁気センサは、前記被測定電流からの誘導磁界により特性が変化する磁気センサ素子と前記磁気センサ素子の近傍に配置され、前記誘導磁界を相殺するキャンセル磁界を発生するフィードバックコイルとを含む磁気平衡式センサであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の電流センサ。
- 前記磁気センサは、前記被測定電流からの誘導磁界により特性が変化する磁気センサ素子を含む磁気比例式センサであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の電流センサ。
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JP2012523785A JPWO2012005042A1 (ja) | 2010-07-07 | 2011-04-15 | 電流センサ |
CN2011800287896A CN102959408A (zh) | 2010-07-07 | 2011-04-15 | 电流传感器 |
US13/665,624 US8970214B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2012-10-31 | Current sensor |
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Cited By (4)
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JP2013113799A (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 電流検知装置、電流検知素子および電流検知方法 |
JP2015210272A (ja) * | 2014-04-28 | 2015-11-24 | タイコ エレクトロニクス アンプ コリア カンパニーTyco Electronics AMP Korea Co.,Ltd | ハイブリッド電流センサアセンブリ |
CN105122078A (zh) * | 2013-02-14 | 2015-12-02 | J·S·帕斯理查企业有限责任公司 | 用于带具有分流器的环件的mri的磁场生成 |
JP2021124289A (ja) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-30 | Tdk株式会社 | 電流センサ、磁気センサ及び回路 |
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CN103558445B (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2019-05-21 | 福禄克精密测量有限公司 | 电流检测电路以及测量装置 |
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JP7140149B2 (ja) | 2020-01-31 | 2022-09-21 | Tdk株式会社 | 電流センサ、磁気センサ及び回路 |
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JPWO2012005042A1 (ja) | 2013-09-02 |
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US20130057275A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
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