Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
  • C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
  • C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C07C5/05—Partial hydrogenation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
  • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
  • B01J23/44—Palladium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
  • C07C7/148—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
  • C07C7/163—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
  • C10G45/32—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
  • C10G45/32—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
  • C10G45/34—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used
  • C10G45/40—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
  • C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
  • C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
  • C07C2523/44—Palladium

Definitions

• the present invention describes a process for the parallel selective hydrogenation of branched and unbranched polyunsaturated C 4 - to C 6 hydrocarbons in olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixtures with minimization of hydrogenation and
• C 4 streams from steam crackers or catalytic crackers may have the following composition:
• the workup of this mixture can be carried out in a variant that initially the concentration of 1, 3-butadiene by extractive distillation or with the aid of a
• the remaining polyunsaturated compounds must be converted by means of a selective hydrogenation process to the corresponding monounsaturated and saturated compounds.
• 1-butene and isobutane can be separated by distillation in sufficient purity and the remaining 2-butenes and n-butane can be further worked up.
• the 2-butenes are converted by dimerization to octenes, which are then converted by hydroformylation to PVC plasticizer alcohols.
• the saturated C 4 - hydrocarbons can be used for example as blowing agents.
• concentration of the polyunsaturated compound is not lowered to a value less than 10 ppm in the selective hydrogenation process prior to the 1-butene separation, the purity requirements for 1-butene used in polymerizations are not reached. Furthermore, polyunsaturated compounds suppress the catalytic activity of the catalysts for the dimerization of the 2-butenes.
• branched polyunsaturated compounds eg isoprene
• these react with methanol to give the corresponding methyl ethers (eg 3-methoxy-3-methyl-but-1-ene).
• the MTBE is then split again, then the branched polyunsaturated can
• EP 0 081 041 describes a process for the selective hydrogenation of several times
• unsaturated or acetylenic compounds in low concentrations ( ⁇ 21%, preferably ⁇ 1%) in C 4 streams.
• the process is carried out in a purely liquid phase and serves as a catalyst palladium on an inert support, for. B. alumina.
• carbon monoxide is added in an amount between 0.05 and 20 ppm.
• 1,3-butadiene can be hydrogenated in a C 4 stream in the presence of isoprene to concentration levels ⁇ 10 ppm, but the isoprene concentration is not lowered to similarly low levels. The skilled person would therefore not expect that due to the different
• Reaction rates and the different adsorption constants of unbranched polyunsaturated C 4 hydrocarbons and branched polyunsaturated C 5 hydrocarbons can be lowered without a significant loss of monounsaturated hydrocarbons occurs or significant isomerization of ⁇ -olefins takes place to internal olefins.
• the object was a process for the selective hydrogenation of unbranched polyunsaturated C 4 hydrocarbons in low concentration in C 4 - to develop hydrocarbon mixtures, the hydrogenated branched polyunsaturated C5 hydrocarbons also contained in the feed stream without the undesirable side reactions referred to occur.
• C4-Kohlenwasserst.offst.rom occur in a process can be hydrogenated to concentration levels ⁇ 10 ppm.
• the undesired hydrogenation of the monounsaturated butenes likewise contained in the feed stream and the isomerization of the 1-butene are carried out only to a very limited extent.
• the present invention thus relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of unbranched, polyunsaturated C 4 -hydrocarbons and branched, polyunsaturated C 5 -hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon mixtures with the addition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and using heterogeneous
• Hydrogenation catalysts in a hydrogenation reactor wherein the ratio of the volume of the feed stream into the hydrogenation reactor to the volume of the hydrogenation catalyst per hour residence time is a maximum of 30 l / lh.
• Unbranched, polyunsaturated C 4 -hydrocarbons in the context of the present invention are, in particular, 1,3-butadiene, but-3-en-1-yn and 1,2-butadiene.
• Branched, polyunsaturated C 5 hydrocarbons in the context of the present invention are, in particular, isoprene, 2-methylbut-1-en-3-yne, 2-methylbuta-1, 2-diene, pent-4-ene-2 -in and 3-methyl-but-3-en-1-yn.
• This parameter is known to the person skilled in the art as LHSV (Liquid Hour Space Velocity).
• LHSV Liquid Hour Space Velocity
• feed stream is understood in the context of the present invention, the totality of all liquid or gaseous reaction components, which in the
• Hydrogenation reactor are introduced. These are in particular the
• C 5 hydrocarbons are included, but also to hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
• the LHSV to be maintained amounts to a maximum of 30 l / lh, in particular between 10 l / lh and 25 l / lh.
• the process according to the invention is operated as a liquid-phase process, that is to say on the catalyst the reaction components are present in the liquid phase or are introduced into the hydrogenation reactor in the liquid phase.
• Liquid phase is present before entering the hydrogenation reactor.
• the ratio (molar ratio) of hydrogen to the hydrocarbons to be hydrogenated is between 2 and 1.
• the ratio is preferably between 1.5 and 1. It is particularly preferably between 1.2 and 1.
• Carbon monoxide is additionally added to the hydrocarbon mixture to be hydrogenated.
• the content of carbon monoxide in the feed stream is between 0.05 and 20 ppm
• Carbon monoxide based on the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture. It is preferred between 0.5 and 5 ppm carbon monoxide added. Doses above 20 ppm no longer improve the hydrogenation results.
• the hydrogenation catalysts are those based on palladium, the process according to the invention not being bound to any particular palladium catalyst.
• the palladium is in supported form on an inert support material.
• the support material is, for example, alumina, silica gel or activated carbon. It is preferred
• Alumina used as a carrier material The catalyst has a palladium concentration of between 0.01 and 3% based on the mass of the carrier.
• the catalyst has a BET surface area (determined by gas adsorption according to DIN ISO 9277) of 50 to 400 m 2 / g, preferably between 100 and 300 m 2 / g, particularly preferably between 200 and 300 m 2 / g.
• the inlet temperature of the feed stream into the hydrogenation reactor is usually in the range of 0 to 100 ° C, preferably in the range of 20 to 80 ° C, particularly preferably in the range of 30 to 60 ° C.
• the pressure is usually in the range of 2 to 50 bar, preferably in the range of 6 to 30 bar, more preferably in the range of 10 to 25 bar.
• the hydrogenation can be carried out in one or more reaction stages. If such a large amount of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons is contained in the feed stream, that the necessary stoichiometric amount of hydrogen is no longer soluble in the feed stream, the feed stream can be diluted by circulation.
• the hydrocarbon mixtures to be hydrogenated can contain up to 20% polyunsaturated hydrocarbons.
• the hydrogenation is carried out in a fixed bed reactor with a heating jacket, through which a heat transfer oil (Marlotherm SH from Sasol Olefins & Surfactants GmbH) flowed.
• the catalyst used is 0.54 liter of a coated catalyst with 0.5% palladium on ⁇ -aluminum oxide in strand form.
• the specific inner surface of the catalyst is about 250 m 2 / g and the pore volume about 0.8 cm 3 / g.
• the thickness of the palladium layer is about 0.05 mm.
• the example tables each show the composition of the feed and the
• Example 3 the temperature is raised to 40 ° C. Again, about 2000 ppm of 1, 3-butadiene and about 2300 ppm of isoprene can be hydrogenated to a mass fraction of less than 10 ppm, without losing large amounts of the value products. 1-butene is converted to 0.78%, while 2-butene again shows a negative conversion. The proportion of butanes as a sign of a total hydrogenation also increases only by a value less than 100 ppm.
• Example 4 the concentration of 1, 3-butadiene is lowered to about 1000 ppm and at the same time the ratio of hydrogen to diene is increased from 1.1 to 1.5.
• about 2000 ppm of 1, 3-butadiene and about 2300 ppm of isoprene can be hydrogenated to a mass fraction of less than 10 ppm, without losing large amounts of the value products.
• the increased hydrogen / diene ratio now converts 2.1% 1-butene, which is still a very small value.
• the conversion of 2-butene becomes more strongly negative at the same time, which indicates an increased isomerization of the 1-butene to the 2-butene. But total hydrogenation to butanes hardly takes place.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-06 DE DE102010030990A patent/DE102010030990A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-06-09 JP JP2013517146A patent/JP5774100B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-06-09 WO PCT/EP2011/059601 patent/WO2012004081A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-06-09 EP EP11728795.3A patent/EP2590913A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-06-09 CN CN201180033117.4A patent/CN103052613B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-06-09 US US13/808,010 patent/US8859834B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-06-09 KR KR1020137000226A patent/KR20130087484A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-06-09 SG SG2013000534A patent/SG186919A1/en unknown
  • 2011-06-09 BR BR112013000225A patent/BR112013000225A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-06-09 MY MYPI2013000028A patent/MY160581A/en unknown

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