WO2011158764A1 - 留め具締結用ツール - Google Patents
留め具締結用ツール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011158764A1 WO2011158764A1 PCT/JP2011/063417 JP2011063417W WO2011158764A1 WO 2011158764 A1 WO2011158764 A1 WO 2011158764A1 JP 2011063417 W JP2011063417 W JP 2011063417W WO 2011158764 A1 WO2011158764 A1 WO 2011158764A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fastener
- row
- leg
- male
- fastening tool
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/30—Particular elements, e.g. supports; Suspension equipment specially adapted for portable riveters
- B21J15/32—Devices for inserting or holding rivets in position with or without feeding arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/30—Particular elements, e.g. supports; Suspension equipment specially adapted for portable riveters
- B21J15/32—Devices for inserting or holding rivets in position with or without feeding arrangements
- B21J15/323—Devices for inserting or holding rivets in position with or without feeding arrangements using a carrier strip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
- B25B21/002—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose for special purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/02—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts
- B25B23/04—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for feeding screws or nuts
- B25B23/045—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for feeding screws or nuts using disposable strips or discs carrying the screws or nuts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
- B25B27/0007—Tools for fixing internally screw-threaded tubular fasteners
- B25B27/0014—Tools for fixing internally screw-threaded tubular fasteners motor-driven
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
- B25B27/02—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same
- B25B27/023—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same using screws
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
- F16B37/04—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
- F16B37/06—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
- F16B37/062—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting
- F16B37/065—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting by deforming the material of the nut
- F16B37/067—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting by deforming the material of the nut the material of the nut being deformed by a threaded member generating axial movement of the threaded part of the nut, e.g. blind rivet type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
- Y10T29/5377—Riveter
- Y10T29/53774—Single header
Definitions
- This invention relates to a fastener fastening tool that can prevent a loaded fastener from coming off due to a reaction force when a fragile portion is cut.
- Patent Document 1 a fastener for expanding the diameter of the female member by pushing the male member toward the female member
- Patent Document 2 an air tool for fastening rivets
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described demand, and the object of the present invention is to prevent the loaded fastener from being detached by the reaction force at the time of cutting the fragile portion. It is a thing.
- the present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and the present invention is characterized by the following points.
- the fastener has the following configuration.
- Female member The female member has a flange portion and a leg portion depending from the flange portion.
- Male member The male member is capable of expanding the outer diameter of the leg portion by being pushed in from the flange portion toward the leg portion.
- a fastener in the “Mode for Carrying Out the Invention” column, a so-called “rolling-up type” in which a male member is screwed into a hoisting member of a female member, thereby expanding the diameter of the female member via the hoisting member.
- “Screw grommet” will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the fastener is, for example, a general so-called “screw grommet” in which the hoisting member is omitted and the male member is directly screwed into the female member, or the male member is pressed only at the time of fastening to increase the diameter of the female member, and the male member at the time of release.
- the female member By twisting the so-called “scribing” to restore the female member, or without having a screw structure, the female member is expanded in diameter by the first press, the female member is restored by the second press, "Push-push rivet” that can release the fastened state, and also has no screw structure, presses the male member only during fastening to expand the female member, and pulls the male member when released to restore the female member It is also possible to use a so-called “push-pull rivet” that can release the fastening state.
- the fastener fastening tool has the following configuration.
- Supply path A supply path supports a fastener row
- Transfer mechanism The transfer mechanism transfers the fastener row supported by the supply path in one direction.
- Loading member The loading member is one that holds one fastener cut by the cutting mechanism in the loading portion that is located in front of the transfer mechanism in the transfer direction and adjacent to the front row of the supply path. is there.
- Slide mechanism moves the loading member forward and backward.
- Push-in mechanism The push-in mechanism expands the outer diameter of the leg by pushing in the male member of the fastener loaded in the loading member.
- the cutting mechanism counts the fasteners in the foremost row as the first row and cuts the weakened portions of the fasteners in the second and subsequent rows located in the next row.
- the present invention may be characterized by the following points.
- either one of a male screw part and a female screw part into which the male screw part is screwed is formed between the female member and the female member.
- the pushing mechanism is configured to screw the male member when pushing the male member. If it carries out like this, the tool suitable for the fastener which expands a female member by screwing a male member toward a female member can be provided.
- the present invention may be characterized by the following points.
- the cutting mechanism is configured to cut the fragile portion between the first row of fasteners and the second row of fasteners. If it carries out like this, a cutting
- the present invention may be characterized by the following points.
- the leg portion is provided with a hoisting member capable of expanding the outer diameter of the leg portion by advancing the inside of the leg portion toward the flange portion when the male member is screwed. If it carries out like this, the tool suitable for the fastener provided with the hoisting member can be provided.
- the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to prevent the loaded fastener from coming off due to the reaction force at the time of cutting the fragile portion. Further, by cutting the fragile portion before loading, the reaction force due to cutting is prevented from acting during loading, and the fastener can be loaded reliably.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a part of a fastener fastening tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the external appearance of a tool. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the internal structure of a tool.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view for explaining an advanced state of a loading member loaded with a fastener corresponding to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view for explaining an advanced state of the loading member with the fastener removed corresponding to FIG. 4. It is the perspective view which expanded a part of FIG. It is the perspective view which expanded a part of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view for demonstrating the relationship between a fastener row
- FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a cutting state by a cutting mechanism. It is a perspective view of the basic composition example of a fastener. It is a perspective view of the basic composition example of a fastener. It is a perspective view of the basic composition example of a fastener. 12A is a front view of a basic configuration example of the fastener, FIG. 12B is a right side view thereof, FIG. 12C is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 12D is a bottom view thereof. It is sectional drawing which showed the use condition of the basic structural example of a fastener. (The state before the expansion of the middle part) It is sectional drawing which showed the use condition of the basic structural example of a fastener. (After expansion of the middle part)
- reference numeral 10 denotes a fastener fastening tool.
- the tool 10 penetrates the fastener 20 through an object, for example, two superposed panels 30, 31 as shown in FIG. It is for inserting into the mounting holes 30a, 30b formed in the above and fastening the two panels 30, 31 in a superposed state.
- the two panels 30 and 31 were illustrated as a target object, it is not limited to these.
- the tool 10 is formed in a pistol shape as a whole.
- the tool 10 includes the following parts and parts as shown in FIGS. The following (1) to (6) will be described later.
- (1) Fastener row 40 (2) Tool body 50 (3) Grip part 60 (4) Operation unit 70, 71 (5) Supply unit 80 (6) Power supply 90
- the parts and each part of the tool 10 are not limited to the above (1) to (6).
- the fastener row 40 As shown in FIG. 8, the fastener row 40 has a plurality of fasteners 20 connected in a daisy chain.
- the fastener 20 is roughly divided into the following parts.
- the parts of the fastener 20 are not limited to the following (1) and (2).
- (1) Female member 100 As shown in FIGS. 8 to 14, the female member 100 includes a flange portion 110 and leg portions 120 depending from the flange portion 110.
- the hoisting member 140 capable of expanding the outer diameter of the leg portion 120 by moving the inside of the leg portion 120 toward the flange portion 110 is provided.
- the male member 200 is capable of expanding the outer diameter of the leg portion 120 by being pushed in from the flange portion 110 toward the leg portion 120.
- the male member 200 has a head part 210 and a shaft part 220 depending from the head part 210. As shown in FIGS. 10, 12A to 12D, and FIG. 13, the head 210 is formed with an operation hole 211 for receiving the tip of a tool such as a driver. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, a male screw part 221 is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft part 220. On the other hand, a female screw portion 142 into which the male screw portion 221 can be screwed is formed on the inner periphery of the hoisting member 140.
- the fastener 20 is exemplified by a so-called “roll-up screw grommet” in which the male member 200 is screwed into the hoisting member 140 of the female member 100 and thereby the female member 100 is expanded in diameter via the hoisting member 140.
- the fastener 20 is, for example, a general so-called “screw grommet” in which the hoisting member 140 is omitted and the male member 200 is directly screwed into the female member 100, or the female member 100 is expanded in diameter by pressing the male member 200 only at the time of fastening.
- the fastener row 40 has a plurality of fasteners 20 by connecting the flange portions 110 adjacent to each other via the fragile portions 41 with the leg portions 120 facing in the same direction. It is composed by connecting rosary.
- the fragile portion 41 extends in the diametrical direction from the outer periphery of the disk-shaped flange portion 110, has a narrow lateral width, and is formed with a small thickness, and connects the outer periphery of the adjacent flange portions 110 to each other.
- the fragile portion 41 is integrally formed with the fastener 20 and resin.
- the structure of the fastener 20 was disclosed in the previous application (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-43728) of the present applicant as described above, but will be described later with reference to FIGS. (Tool body 50) As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the tool main body 50 is loaded with one fastener 20 in the fastener row 40 and driven into the two panels 30 and 31 (FIG. 13). And FIG. 14).
- the tool main body 50 is roughly provided with the following parts.
- (1) Loading unit 51 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the loading unit 51 is built in the tool main body unit 50, and is located in front of the transfer mechanism 82, which will be described later, in the transfer direction and adjacent to the front row of the supply path 81, which will also be described later. It is what is located.
- the loading member 52 is built in the tool main body 50 and holds one fastener 20 cut by a cutting mechanism 83 described later in the loading portion 51. Specifically, the loading member 52 holds the flange portion 110 of the fastener 20.
- Slide mechanism 53 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the slide mechanism 53 is built in the tool main body 50 and moves the loading member 52 forward and backward.
- Push-in mechanism 54 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the push-in mechanism 54 is built in the tool main body 50 and pushes the male member 200 of the fastener 20 loaded in the loading member 52 toward the female member 100, so that the female member 100. The outer diameter of the leg portion 120 is increased (see FIGS. 13 and 14). Specifically, the push-in mechanism 54 is configured to screw the male member 200 when the male member 200 is pushed.
- the push-in mechanism 54 has a distal end portion that fits the operation hole 211 of the head 210 of the male member 200, and the male member 200 is rotated by rotating the distal end portion in the operation hole 211. Is screwed in.
- Motor 55 As shown in FIG. 3, the motor 55 is built in the tool main body 50 and drives a slide mechanism 53, a push-in mechanism 54, a transfer mechanism 82 described later, and a cutting mechanism 83 described later.
- the motor 55 is an example of a drive source, and is not limited thereto.
- An electromagnetic plunger, a drive mechanism using pneumatic pressure or hydraulic pressure, an engine, or the like may be used.
- Tip cover 56 The tip cover 56 covers the periphery of the loading unit 51 as shown in FIGS.
- Tip tube 57 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the distal end cylinder 57 extends from the distal end cover 56 into a cylindrical shape, and is used to drive the fastener 20 advanced from the loading portion 51 by the slide mechanism 53 from the distal end opening. (Grip part 60) As shown in FIGS.
- the grip portion 60 extends downward from the rear of the tool main body portion 50, is formed in a grip type that can be grasped by hand, and holds the tool 10.
- the operation units 70 and 71 are for performing various operations of the slide mechanism 53, the push-in mechanism 54, the transfer mechanism 82, and the cutting mechanism 83.
- the operation units 70 and 71 are positioned on the grip unit 60 in a trigger shape, on the rear side of the first operation unit 70,
- the second operation unit 71 is provided on the side surface of the tool main body 50.
- the first operation unit 70 is for operating the push-in mechanism 54, that is, for rotating the male member 200 of the fastener 20.
- the second operation unit 71 is for operating the slide mechanism 53, the transfer mechanism 82, and the cutting mechanism 83, that is, for transferring the fastener 20.
- the supply unit 80 is for mounting the fastener row 40, extends downward from the front of the tool body 50, and is connected to the grip unit via a power supply unit 90 described later. 60 is connected in a loop.
- the supply unit 80 includes the following units.
- (1) Supply path 81 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the supply path 81 supports the fastener row 40 in a row so as to be slidable. Specifically, the supply path 81 is an outer periphery of the flange portion 110 of the female member 100 of the fastener 20 connected via the fragile portion 41, and an outer peripheral portion located on both sides around the fragile portion 41. Holds slidable.
- the supply path 81 has an upper end that is released toward the loading unit 51 described above, and a lower end that is also released, and the fastener row 40 is attached while sliding in a row from the lower end toward the upper side.
- Transfer mechanism 82 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the transfer mechanism 82 transfers the fastener row 40 supported by the supply path 81 in one direction. Specifically, the transfer mechanism 82 transfers the fasteners 20 of the fastener row 40 one by one from the bottom to the top. The fasteners 20 transferred by the transfer mechanism 82 are transferred one by one from the upper open end of the supply path 81 to the loading unit 51.
- Cutting mechanism 83 The cutting mechanism 83 cuts the fragile portion 41 of the fastener row 40 supported by the supply path 81, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the cutting mechanism 83 counts the fasteners 20 in the foremost row as the first row and cuts the weakened portions 41 of the fasteners 20 in the second and subsequent rows located in the next row. I have to.
- the cutting mechanism 83 pushes the fragile portion 41 between the first row of fasteners 20 and the second row of fasteners 20 by sliding the cutter in the thickness direction of the fragile portion 41. Yes. That is, the cutter as the cutting mechanism 83 is slid from the flange portion 110 side of the female member 100 toward the leg portion 120 side. In addition, although the cutter was illustrated as the cutting mechanism 83, it is not limited to this, You may use scissors. In addition, the cutter is slid in the thickness direction of the fragile portion 41 as the cutting direction of the fragile portion 41, but is not limited to this, and when the cutter is slid in the lateral width direction of the fragile portion 41 or scissors are used.
- the fragile portion 41 may be cut from the thickness direction, or the fragile portion 41 may be cut from the lateral width direction.
- the power supply unit 90 As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the power supply unit 90 is positioned below the tool 10 and connects the grip unit 60 and the supply path 81.
- the power supply unit 90 is composed of a battery and supplies power to the motor 55.
- the battery was illustrated as the power supply part 90, it is not limited to this.
- the transfer mechanism 82 is driven by operating the second operation unit 71 to transfer the leading fastener 20 of the fastener row 40 to the frontmost row of the supply path 81, that is, the upper end portion.
- the cutter as the cutting mechanism 83 is advanced, the front row of the supply path 81 is counted as the first row, and the fastener 20 and the second row of the first row are counted.
- the weak part 41 between the fasteners 20 is cut. Note that the cutter is retracted again after being advanced and retracted from the supply path 81.
- the fastener 20 from which the fragile portion 41 is cut is transferred from the front row of the supply path 81 to the loading portion 51 by the transfer mechanism 82, and the female member 100 is transferred as shown in FIGS.
- the flange portion 110 is held by the loading member 52.
- the loading member 52 is advanced by the slide mechanism 53, and the leg portion 120 of the female member 100 is protruded from the distal end tube 57 as shown in FIGS.
- the leg portion 120 is inserted into the mounting holes 30a, 30b of the two panels 30, 31 in series.
- the first operating unit 70 is operated to drive the push-in mechanism 54, and the head 210 of the male member 200 is rotated.
- the hoisting member 140 engages the internal thread of the leg 120 with the flange portion 110 as shown in FIG. 14 due to the engagement between the male screw portion 221 of the shaft portion 220 and the female screw portion 142 of the hoisting member 140.
- the diameter of the leg 120 is increased on the back side of the panel 31 by proceeding toward. For this reason, the two panels 30 and 31 are fastened in a superposed state via the fastener 20.
- the fastener 20 includes a female member 100 having a flange portion 110 and a leg portion 120.
- the fastener 20 is configured by previously combining a male member 200 that causes the expansion by the screwing operation with the female member 100.
- the fastener 20 is such a male member after the leg portion 120 of the female member 100 is inserted into the mounting holes 30a and 30b formed with a size that the flange portion 110 of the female member 100 does not enter.
- a part of the leg 120 is expanded by the screwing operation of the member 200, and the panels 30, 31 are placed between the front and back (or front and back, or or between the part of the expanded leg 120 and the flange 110.
- the panel 30 or 31 is clamped from the inside or outside, or from the top or bottom, or from the left or right).
- the female member 100 in order to provide the female member 100 with an expanding function, the female member 100 is made of plastic.
- the male member 200 includes a head portion 210 and a shaft portion 220 having a male screw portion 221, and is typically made of plastic or metal.
- the male member 200 includes a disc-shaped head portion 210 and a shaft portion 220 in which a shaft base portion 222 is integrally connected to the center of one surface side of the head portion 210. . On the other surface side of the head 210, an operation hole 211 for receiving the tip of a tool such as a driver is formed.
- the female member 100 is configured such that the flange portion 110 has a disk shape and the leg portion 120 has a hollow rectangular tube shape.
- the leg portion 120 is made thinner than the outer diameter of the flange portion 110.
- the leg portion 120 has one end of the cylinder integrally connected to the center of one surface side of the flange portion 110.
- the flange portion 110 is formed with a through hole 111 communicating with the inside of the leg portion 120 connected to the flange portion 110 in this way.
- a circumferential rising portion 112 is formed with the through hole 111 positioned inside.
- the inner diameter of the circular rising portion 112 is substantially equal to the diameter of the head 210 of the male member 200, and the male member 200 fits the through hole of the flange portion 110 so that the head 210 is accommodated in the circular rising portion 112.
- the shaft part 220 is inserted into the leg part 120 through 111 and combined with the female member 100.
- the leg 120 of the female member 100 is divided into a hoisting member 140 and a leg main body 130.
- the hoisting member 140 is configured to be moved to the flange portion 110 side by a screwing operation of the male member 200 inserted from the flange portion 110 side.
- the leg body 130 is between the hoisting member 140 and the flange portion 110, and is configured to be expanded by entering the hoisting member 140 moved to the flange portion 110 side by this screwing operation. ing.
- the leg main body 130 is configured to have a substantially square outline on the inner and outer surfaces in a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the axis x (FIG. 12A / center line) of the leg 120.
- the inside of the leg main body 130 is wider than the thickness of the shaft portion 220 of the male member 200.
- slits 131 are formed in the four corners of the leg main body 130 along the axis x of the leg 120, respectively, and the cylinder end 133 and the flange 110 are positioned on the hoisting member 140 side of the leg main body 130.
- the leg main body 130 is divided into four plate pieces 132 by the slit 131 extending to the other end 134 of the cylinder located on the connection side.
- the through hole 111 of the flange 110 of the female member 100 is a square hole that follows the inner contour of the leg main body 130.
- a branch split groove 113 is formed in the flange portion 110 so as to communicate with a pair of corners at positions opposed to the through hole 111 and continue to the formation position of the circumferential rising portion 112 (see FIG. 12 (d)).
- the hoisting member 140 includes a through hole 141 of the shaft portion 220 of the male member 200 on the inner side.
- the through hole 141 is formed with a female screw portion 142 corresponding to the male screw portion 221 of the shaft portion 220 of the male member 200.
- the male member 200 has its axial end 223 side positioned in the hoisting member 140 by engaging the male screw part 221 with the female screw part 142 of the hoisting member 140 in the state before the screwing operation. I am letting. If the female thread portion 142 is formed inside the hoisting member 140 in this way, the hoisting member 140 can be smoothly inserted into the leg main body 130 by the screwing operation.
- the male member 200 is not combined with the female member 100 in advance, and the mounting holes 30a
- the male part 200 as a tapping screw is screwed into the female member 100 from the state in which the leg part 120 of the female member 100 is inserted into 30b, and the hoisting member 140 of the leg main body 130 is screwed (screwed). It is made to enter inside so that it is fastened to the panels 30 and 31 by expanding the leg main body 130.
- the outer surface of the hoisting member 140 is configured to have a substantially square outline shape at any position in the axial direction in the cross section of the leg portion 120 in the direction orthogonal to the axis x. . That is, the hoisting member 140 includes outer surfaces 143 corresponding to the four plate pieces 132 of the leg main body 130 divided by the slits 131, respectively.
- the hoisting member 140 has a tube end 145 that has a thickness approximately equal to the width of the inside of the leg body 130 and enters the inside of the tube end 133 of the leg body 130. And the other end 146 of the cylinder having a thickness substantially equal to that of the tube.
- the hoisting member 140 and the leg main body 130 are a thin-walled connecting portion 150 laid between the outer surface 143 of the tube end 145 of the hoisting member 140 and the inner surface 136 of the tube end 133 of the leg main body 130. Are connected and joined together (FIG. 13).
- the outer side of the hoisting member 140 is a rib shape along the axis x of the leg 120 at each of a pair of corners at opposite positions of the four corners of the hoisting member 140.
- a guide portion 147 is formed. One end of the guide portion 147 is positioned closer to the flange portion 110 side of the female member 100 than the cylindrical end 145 of the hoisting member 140.
- one end of the guide portion 147 is a slit of the leg main body 130. 131. Then, when the hoisting member 140 is moved in such a direction as to enter inside the leg main body 130 by this screwing operation, that is, when it is moved toward the flange portion 110 side of the female member 100, the guide portion 147 is slit. It is guided by 131 and moved along this slit 131.
- the outer surface 143 of the hoisting member 140 that contacts the inner surface 136 of the expanded portion 135 of the leg main body 130 is provided.
- the expansion portion 135 is configured to have a shape following the inner surface 136.
- the outer surface 143 of the hoisting member 140 that contacts the inner surface 136 of the expanded portion 135 of the leg main body 130 is curved on the inner surface of the expanded portion 135.
- the curved surface 144 has a curvature following the above (FIG. 14).
- each of the four outer surfaces 143 of the hoisting member 140 has curved surfaces 144 that are curved so as to gradually thicken the hoisting member 140 from the tube end 145 side toward the tube other end 146 side. is doing. (How to use the fastener 20) After the legs 120 are inserted into the mounting holes 30a and 30b of the panels 30 and 31 having the mounting holes 30a and 30b of the legs 120 of the fastener 20, the male member 200 is screwed, that is, the female When the male member 200 is operated in a direction in which the male member 200 enters while rotating before the flange portion 110 side of the member 100, the hoisting member 140 is moved in a direction approaching the flange portion 110 side, and thus moved.
- the leg body 130 is expanded by being pushed by the hoisting member 140 from the inside.
- the fastener 20 sandwiches the panels 30 and 31 between the flange portion 110 and the expanded portion 135 and fastens to the panels 30 and 31.
- the outer surface 143 of the hoisting member 140 has a shape that follows the inner surface 136 of the expanded portion 135 of the leg main body 130. Surface contact can be made over the direction of the axis x of the leg 120 (FIG. 14).
- the shaft base portion 222 of the shaft portion 220 of the male member 200 is configured to be slightly thicker than the portion where the male screw portion 221 is formed, and between the leg main body 130 and the shaft base portion 222 in the fastened state. The gap is reduced to contribute to the reduction of the play.
- the leg 120 of the female member 100 is first inserted into the mounting holes 30a and 30b of the panels 30 and 31 having a square shape following the outer contour of the leg 120 (FIG. 13).
- the male member 200 is screwed, its head 210 is caught by the flange portion 110 of the female member 100, so the male member 200 itself does not move in a direction to enter further than the flange portion 110.
- a moving force in a direction approaching the flange portion 110 is received. Since the hoisting member 140 is prevented from rotating with the male member 200 by the guide portion 147 and is only allowed to move while being guided by the slit 131, the thin connecting portion 150 is operated by screwing the male member 200. Is broken, and the hoisting member 140 is gradually moved toward the flange portion 110, whereby the leg main body 130 is expanded (FIG. 14).
- the entire hoisting member 100 is not made of plastic, and the hoisting member 140 can be made of metal.
- the thin connecting portion 150 for connecting the hoisting member 140 and the leg main body 130 is not provided, and both the portions 140 and 130 are separated.
- the leg body 130 can be appropriately expanded by sufficiently moving the member 140 toward the flange portion 110 side. Further, the rigidity of the guide portion 147 formed on the hoisting member 140 can be increased, and the guide portion 147 guided by the slit 131 during the screwing operation even when the female member 100 is downsized. Therefore, the rotation of the hoisting member 140 can be reliably prevented.
- the state where the fasteners 20 are fastened to the panels 30 and 31 can be released by screwing the male member 200.
- the hoisting member 140 is fitted inside the leg main body 130 with the leg main body 130 expanded, so that the female member 100 gradually moves from within the female member 100.
- the male member 200 comes out.
- the hoisting member 140 is removed from the leg body 130.
- the expanded state of the leg main body 130 is released, so that the state where the fasteners 20 are fastened to the panels 30 and 31 is released.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、上記したリベット締結用エアーツールは、リベットの薄肉の脆弱部を引きちぎって装填するものであった(特許文献2の段落番号「0102」参照)。
しかし、留め具は、上記したリベット締結用エアーツールに用いるリベットと異なり、構造が複雑であり、大型化するため、脆弱部の肉厚も比較的、厚くなり、引きちぎるのが困難であり、切断する必要があった。
そこで、本発明は、上記した要望に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、脆弱部の切断時の反力により、装填した留め具が外れるのを防止することができるようにしたものである。
(1)雌部材
雌部材は、フランジ部と当該フランジ部から垂下する脚部とを有する。
(2)雄部材
雄部材は、フランジ部から脚部に向かって押し込むことで、脚部の外径を拡径可能なものである。
第3に、留め具締結用ツールには、次の構成を備える。
供給路は、留め具列をスライド可能に一列に支持するものである。
(4)移送機構
移送機構は、供給路に支持された留め具列を一方向に移送するものである。
切断機構は、供給路に支持された留め具列の脆弱部を切断するものである。
(6)装填部材
装填部材は、移送機構の移送方向の前方であって、供給路の最前列に隣接して位置する装填部において、切断機構により切断された留め具を1個保持するものである。
スライド機構は、装填部材を前後退させるものである。
(8)押し込み機構
押し込み機構は、装填部材に装填された留め具の雄部材を押し込むことで、脚部の外径を拡径させるものである。
本発明は、次の点を特徴としてもよい。
第2に、押し込み機構は、雄部材を押し込む際に、当該雄部材をねじ込むようにしている。
こうすると、雄部材を雌部材に向かってねじ込むことで雌部材を拡径させる留め具に適合したツールを提供することができる。
本発明は、次の点を特徴としてもよい。
本発明は、次の点を特徴としてもよい。
図1~7中、10は、留め具締結用ツールを示し、当該ツール10は、留め具20を、図14に示すように、対象物、例えば重合した2枚のパネル30,31に貫通状に形成した取付穴30a,30bに挿入し、2枚のパネル30,31を重合した状態に締結するためのものである。
なお、対象物として、2枚のパネル30,31を例示したが、これらに限定されない。
なお、次の(1)~(6)については、後述する。
(1)留め具列40
(2)ツール本体部50
(3)グリップ部60
(4)操作部70,71
(5)供給部80
(6)電源部90
なお、ツール10のパーツや各部は、上記した(1)~(6)に限定されない。
(留め具列40)
留め具列40は、図8に示すように、複数個の留め具20を数珠繋ぎにつないだものである。
なお、留め具20のパーツは、次の(1)及び(2)に限定されない。
(1)雌部材100
雌部材100は、図8~14に示すように、フランジ部110と、当該フランジ部110から垂下する脚部120とを有する。
(2)雄部材200
雄部材200は、図8~14に示すように、フランジ部110から脚部120に向かって押し込むことで、脚部120の外径を拡径可能なものである。
頭部210には、図10、図12(a)~(d)及び図13に示すように、ドライバ等の工具の先端を収める操作用孔211が形成されている。
軸部220の外周には、図13及び図14に示すように、雄ねじ部221が形成されている。これに対し、巻上部材140の内周には、雄ねじ部221をねじ込む可能な雌ねじ部142が形成されている。
脆弱部41は、円盤形のフランジ部110の外周から直径方向に延び、その横幅を細く、又、肉厚も薄く形成され、隣り合うフランジ部110の外周同士をつなぐものである。脆弱部41は、留め具20と樹脂により一体成形される。
(ツール本体部50)
ツール本体部50は、図1~7に示すように、留め具列40の1個の留め具20を装填し、当該留め具20を2枚のパネル30,31に打ち込むものである(図13及び図14参照)。
(1)装填部51
装填部51は、図3及び図6に示すように、ツール本体部50に内蔵され、後述する移送機構82の移送方向の前方であって、同じく後述する供給路81の最前列に隣接して位置するものである。
装填部材52は、図3及び図6に示すように、ツール本体部50に内蔵され、装填部51において、後述する切断機構83により切断された留め具20を1個保持するものである。
具体的には、装填部材52は、留め具20のフランジ部110を保持している。
(3)スライド機構53
スライド機構53は、図1~7に示すように、ツール本体部50に内蔵され、装填部材52を前後退させるものである。
押し込み機構54は、図1~7に示すように、ツール本体部50に内蔵され、装填部材52に装填された留め具20の雄部材200を雌部材100に向かって押し込むことで、雌部材100の脚部120の外径を拡径させるものである(図13及び図14参照)。
具体的には、押し込み機構54は、雄部材200を押し込む際に、当該雄部材200をねじ込むようにしている。
(5)モータ55
モータ55は、図3に示すように、ツール本体部50に内蔵され、スライド機構53、押し込み機構54、後述する移送機構82、及び同じく後述する切断機構83を駆動するためのものである。
(6)先端カバー56
先端カバー56は、図1~7に示すように、装填部51の周囲を覆うものである。
(7)先端筒57
先端筒57は、図1~7に示すように、先端カバー56から筒型に延び、その先端開口から装填部51からスライド機構53により前進させた留め具20を打ち込むためのものである。
(グリップ部60)
グリップ部60は、図2~5に示すように、ツール本体部50の後方から下方に向かって延び、手で握れるグリップ型に形成され、ツール10を保持するためのものである。
(操作部70,71)
操作部70,71は、スライド機構53、押し込み機構54、移送機構82、切断機構83の各種の操作を行うためのものである。
第1操作部70は、押し込み機構54の作動用、すなわち留め具20の雄部材200の回転操作用のものである。第2操作部71は、スライド機構53、移送機構82、切断機構83の作動用、すなわち留め具20の移送操作用のものである。
(供給部80)
供給部80は、図1~7に示すように、留め具列40を装着するためのものであり、ツール本体部50の前方から下方に向かって延び、後述する電源部90を介してグリップ部60にループ状につながっている。
(1)供給路81
供給路81は、図1~7に示すように、留め具列40をスライド可能に一列に支持するものである。
具体的には、供給路81は、脆弱部41を介して連結された留め具20の雌部材100のフランジ部110の外周であって、脆弱部41を中心にして両側に位置する外周部分をスライド可能に保持している。供給路81は、上端が前述した装填部51に向かって解放し、又、下端も解放し、解放下端から留め具列40を下から上に向かって一列にスライドさせながら装着する。
移送機構82は、図1~7に示すように、供給路81に支持された留め具列40を一方向に移送するものである。
具体的には、移送機構82は、下方から上方に向かって、留め具列40の留め具20を1個ずつ移送するものである。移送機構82により移送された留め具20は、供給路81の解放上端から装填部51に1個ずつ移送される。
切断機構83は、図1~9に示すように、供給路81に支持された留め具列40の脆弱部41を切断するものである。
切断機構83は、図8及び図9に示すように、最前列の留め具20を1列目と数え、その次列に位置する2列目以降の留め具20の脆弱部41を切断するようにしている。
なお、切断機構83として、カッターを例示したが、これに限定されず、ハサミを用いても良い。また、脆弱部41の切断方向として、脆弱部41の厚み方向にカッターをスライドさせたが、これに限定されず、脆弱部41の横幅方向にカッターをスライドさせたり、或いはハサミを用いる場合にも、脆弱部41の厚み方向から切断しても良いし、脆弱部41の横幅方向から切断するようにしても良い。
(電源部90)
電源部90は、図2~5に示すように、ツール10の下側に位置し、グリップ部60と供給路81をつなぐように位置している。電源部90は、バッテリィから構成され、モータ55に電源を供給するものである。
(ツール10の使用方法)
上記した構成を有するツール10の使用方法について説明する。
第1に、留め具列40を、図2に示すように、ツール10の供給路81に装填する。
第2に、第2操作部71を操作して移送機構82を駆動させ、留め具列40の先頭の留め具20を、供給路81の最前列、すなわち上端部まで移送する。
第4に、脆弱部41が切断されている留め具20を、移送機構82により、供給路81の最前列から装填部51に移送し、図3及び図6に示すように、その雌部材100のフランジ部110を装填部材52により保持する。
第6に、脚部120を、図13に示すように、2枚のパネル30,31の取付穴30a,30bに一連に挿入する。
第7に、第1操作部70を操作して押し込み機構54を駆動させ、雄部材200の頭部210を回転させる。頭部210が回転すると、軸部220の雄ねじ部221と、巻上部材140の雌ねじ部142とのかみ合いにより、図14に示すように、巻上部材140が脚部120の内部をフランジ部110に向かって進行することで、当該脚部120がパネル31の裏側で拡径する。このため、留め具20を介して2枚のパネル30,31が重合状態に締結される。
(留め具20)
つぎに、図10~14を用いて、留め具20の詳細について説明する。
(雄部材200)
図示の例では、かかる雄部材200は、円板状をなす頭部210と、この頭部210の一面側のその中央に軸基部222を一体に連接させた軸部220とから構成されている。かかる頭部210の他面側にはドライバ等の工具の先端を収める操作用孔211が形成されている。
(雌部材100)
一方、雌部材100は、図示の例では、フランジ部110を円板状とし、脚部120を中空の角筒状をなすように構成させている。フランジ部110の外径より脚部120は細く構成されている。脚部120はその筒一端をフランジ部110の一面側のその中央に一体に連接させている。フランジ部110にはこのようにフランジ部110に連接された脚部120の内部に連通する貫通穴111が形成されている。フランジ部110の他面側には、かかる貫通穴111を内側に位置させて周回立ち上がり部112が形成されている。この周回立ち上がり部112の内径は雄部材200の頭部210の径に略等しくなっており、雄部材200はこの周回立ち上がり部112内に頭部210を納めるようにして、フランジ部110の貫通穴111を通じて脚部120内にその軸部220を入れ込ませて雌部材100に組み合わされている。
(脚本体130)
図示の例では、脚本体130は、脚部120の軸線x(図12(a)/中心線)に直交する向きの断面において、内外面共に略正方形の輪郭を備えるように構成されている。この脚本体130の内側は雄部材200の軸部220の太さよりも広くなっている。また、かかる脚本体130の四隅にはそれぞれ、脚部120の軸線xに沿ってスリット131が形成されており、かかる脚本体130における巻上部材140側に位置される筒一端133とフランジ部110との連接側に位置される筒他端134とに亘るかかるスリット131によって脚本体130は四枚の板片132に分割されている。雌部材100のフランジ部110の貫通穴111はかかる脚本体130の内側の輪郭に倣った方形穴となっている。なお、図示の例では、かかるフランジ部110にこの貫通穴111の対向位置にある一対の隅部に連通して前記周回立ち上がり部112の形成位置に続く分岐割溝113が形成されている(図12(d))。
(巻上部材140)
巻上部材140は、内側に雄部材200の軸部220の通し孔141を備えている。図示の例では、この通し孔141には雄部材200の軸部220の雄ねじ部221に対応した雌ねじ部142が形成されている。図示の例では、雄部材200はその軸端部223側を、前記螺進操作前の状態において、この巻上部材140の雌ねじ部142に雄ねじ部221を噛み合わせて巻上部材140内に位置させている。このように巻上部材140の内側に雌ねじ部142を形成させておけば、前記螺進操作によって、巻上部材140を脚本体130の内側にスムースに入り込ませることができる。図示の例とは別に、巻上部材140の内側にこのような雌ねじ部142を形成させない場合には、雌部材100にあらかじめ雄部材200を組み合わせないでおき、パネル30,31の取付穴30a,30bに雌部材100の脚部120を入れ込ませた状態からこの雌部材100にタッピンねじとしての雄部200をねじ込みこの雄部材200のねじ込み(螺進)によって巻上部材140を脚本体130の内側に入り込ませてこの脚本体130の拡開によるパネル30,31への留め付けをなすようにする。
(留め具20の使用方法)
留め具20の脚部120の取付穴30a,30bを備えたパネル30,31の、この取付穴30a,30bに脚部120を入れ込ませた後、雄部材200を螺進操作、つまり、雌部材100のフランジ部110側よりもより先に雄部材200が回りながら入り込む向きに雄部材200を操作させると、巻上部材140がフランジ部110側に近づく向きに移動され、このように移動される巻上部材140に内側から押されて脚本体130が拡開される。これにより留め具20はそのフランジ部110と拡開箇所135との間でパネル30,31を挟み込んでこのパネル30,31に留め付く。この留め付き状態において、巻上部材140の外面143は脚本体130の拡開箇所135の内面136に倣った形状を持つことから、両面143,136間にできる限り隙間を生じさせないようにこの両面143,136を脚部120の軸線x方向に亘って面的に接触させることができる(図14)。これにより、パネル30,31にかかる軸線xに交叉する向きの力が作用された場合であっても、典型的には、留め具20を介して留め合わされる二つのパネル30,31の一方又は双方にこうした向きの力が作用されたときでも、この力の向きにこれらパネル30,31の一方又は双方を移動させないようにすることができ、かかるパネル30,31のガタつき少ない留め合わせをなすことができる。図示の例では、雄部材200の軸部220の軸基部222は雄ねじ部221の形成箇所に比べてやや太く構成されており、前記留め付け状態において脚本体130とこの軸基部222との間の隙間を小さくして前記ガタつきの減少に寄与するようにしている。
Claims (4)
- フランジ部と当該フランジ部から垂下する脚部とを有する雌部材と、
前記フランジ部から前記脚部に向かって押し込むことで、前記脚部の外径を拡径可能な雄部材とを備える留め具であって、
前記脚部を同一方向に向けて、隣り合う前記フランジ部同士を脆弱部を介して連結することで、複数個の留め具を数珠繋ぎにつないだ留め具列とし、
前記留め具列をスライド可能に一列に支持する供給路と、
前記供給路に支持された前記留め具列を一方向に移送する移送機構と、
前記供給路に支持された前記留め具列の脆弱部を切断する切断機構と、
前記移送機構の移送方向の前方であって、前記供給路の最前列に隣接して位置する装填部において、前記切断機構により切断された留め具を1個保持する装填部材と、
前記装填部材を前後退させるスライド機構と、
前記装填部材に装填された留め具の雄部材を押し込むことで、前記脚部の外径を拡径させる押し込み機構とを備える留め具締結用ツールにおいて、
前記切断機構は、
前記最前列の留め具を1列目と数え、その次列に位置する2列目以降の留め具の脆弱部を切断するようにしていることを特徴とする留め具締結用ツール。 - 請求項1に記載の留め具締結用ツールであって、
前記雌部材と雌部材との間には、
雄ねじ部と、当該雄ねじ部をねじ込む雌ねじ部とのいずれか一方をそれぞれに形成し、
前記押し込み機構は、
前記雄部材を押し込む際に、当該雄部材をねじ込むようにしていることを特徴とする留め具締結用ツール。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の留め具締結用ツールであって、
前記切断機構は、
前記1列目の留め具と、前記2列目の留め具との間の脆弱部を切断するようにしていることを特徴とする留め具締結用ツール。 - 請求項2に記載の留め具締結用ツールであって、
前記脚部には、
前記雄部材がねじ込まれた際に、前記脚部の内部を前記フランジ部に向かって進行することで、当該脚部の外径を拡径可能な巻上部材を備えていることを特徴とする留め具締結用ツール。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2011800298994A CN102947023A (zh) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-10 | 固定件连结用工具 |
US13/704,461 US20130104359A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-10 | Fastener fastening tool |
EP11795671.4A EP2583771A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-10 | Fastener fastening tool |
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JP2010137020A JP2012000633A (ja) | 2010-06-16 | 2010-06-16 | 留め具締結用ツール |
JP2010-137020 | 2010-06-16 |
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WO2011158764A1 true WO2011158764A1 (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
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ID=45348164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2011/063417 WO2011158764A1 (ja) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-10 | 留め具締結用ツール |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130104359A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2583771A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2012000633A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102947023A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011158764A1 (ja) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59120039U (ja) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | リベツト供給機構 |
JPH0312431Y2 (ja) * | 1986-08-08 | 1991-03-25 | ||
JP2010029939A (ja) | 2008-06-25 | 2010-02-12 | Nifco Inc | リベット締結用エアーツール |
JP2010043728A (ja) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-02-25 | Nifco Inc | スクリュグロメット |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6276173A (ja) * | 1985-09-27 | 1987-04-08 | 住友電装株式会社 | コネクタハウジング |
DE102005054719B3 (de) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-05-03 | A. Raymond Et Cie | Vorrichtung zum Setzen von Befestigungselementen |
US7930810B2 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2011-04-26 | Nifco Inc. | Rivet fastening air tool |
CN201455172U (zh) * | 2009-07-28 | 2010-05-12 | 东莞市新泽谷机械有限公司 | 一种铆钉插件机用送料机构 |
-
2010
- 2010-06-16 JP JP2010137020A patent/JP2012000633A/ja active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-06-10 CN CN2011800298994A patent/CN102947023A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-10 EP EP11795671.4A patent/EP2583771A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-10 US US13/704,461 patent/US20130104359A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-10 WO PCT/JP2011/063417 patent/WO2011158764A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59120039U (ja) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | リベツト供給機構 |
JPH0312431Y2 (ja) * | 1986-08-08 | 1991-03-25 | ||
JP2010029939A (ja) | 2008-06-25 | 2010-02-12 | Nifco Inc | リベット締結用エアーツール |
JP2010043728A (ja) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-02-25 | Nifco Inc | スクリュグロメット |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130104359A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
CN102947023A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
JP2012000633A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
EP2583771A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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