WO2011153800A1 - 微机电装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

微机电装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011153800A1
WO2011153800A1 PCT/CN2010/079714 CN2010079714W WO2011153800A1 WO 2011153800 A1 WO2011153800 A1 WO 2011153800A1 CN 2010079714 W CN2010079714 W CN 2010079714W WO 2011153800 A1 WO2011153800 A1 WO 2011153800A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dielectric layer
movable electrode
layer
insulating layer
microelectromechanical device
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2010/079714
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛剑宏
韩凤芹
唐德明
Original Assignee
上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司
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Application filed by 上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司
Priority to US13/703,529 priority Critical patent/US20130119822A1/en
Publication of WO2011153800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011153800A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/002Electrostatic motors
    • H02N1/006Electrostatic motors of the gap-closing type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00015Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
    • B81C1/00261Processes for packaging MEMS devices
    • B81C1/00333Aspects relating to packaging of MEMS devices, not covered by groups B81C1/00269 - B81C1/00325
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81BMICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2201/00Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
    • B81B2201/02Sensors
    • B81B2201/0228Inertial sensors
    • B81B2201/0235Accelerometers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C2203/00Forming microstructural systems
    • B81C2203/01Packaging MEMS
    • B81C2203/0136Growing or depositing of a covering layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C2203/00Forming microstructural systems
    • B81C2203/07Integrating an electronic processing unit with a micromechanical structure
    • B81C2203/0707Monolithic integration, i.e. the electronic processing unit is formed on or in the same substrate as the micromechanical structure
    • B81C2203/0714Forming the micromechanical structure with a CMOS process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing technology, and in particular, to a microelectromechanical device and a method of fabricating the same.
  • MEMS Microelectromechanical System
  • MEMS Microelectromechanical System
  • MEMS Microelectromechanical System
  • MEMS is a micro system that integrates mechanical components, optical systems, drive components, and electronic control systems into one integral unit.
  • MEMS are commonly used in position sensors, rotating devices, or inertial sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sound sensors.
  • MEMS devices are very small in size, usually on the order of micrometers. At this time, even ordinary particles such as moisture and dust in the environment may have a fatal effect on MEMS devices. Therefore, it is often necessary to seal the MEMS for stable operation. High reliability and resistance to a variety of harsh environments. However, MEMS devices are diverse in form and have high process requirements, so their packaging is difficult. A sealing method for MEMS is also provided, for example, in the U.S. Patent Publication No. US2010127377 A1.
  • the first one is to seal the cover by fusion welding, that is, to directly seal the cover and the bottom of the village with molten solder, thereby sealing the MEMS device on the bottom of the village, but this Sealing techniques require high temperatures and can easily cause undesirable thermodynamic effects in the MEMS device or its surrounding control circuitry. In addition, the flow of molten solder cannot be controlled, which is likely to cause contamination of the device area.
  • the other is the advanced micro-machining sealing and sealing technology, which uses the bonding process to firmly bond the cover to the bottom of the village to achieve a sealed package. This method is simple and compatible with the MEMS device processing technology. It is wider, but the disadvantage is that the seal on both sides of the motor lead and the bottom of the village cannot be completely sealed, and there will be a slight gap affecting the sealing performance.
  • An existing MEMS sealing package method includes: etching a bottom opening capping structure matched with a MEMS device on a glass piece or a silicon wafer, and etching a groove at a bottom end of the capping wall; MEMS device And its electrode is prepared on the bottom of a village, around the bottom of the above MEMS device
  • the bond sealing area is provided with a spacer layer, and a filler is provided on the spacer layer or in the bottom end groove of the microcap.
  • the micro-cap is bonded to the bottom of the village, and the bottom end groove of the micro-cap is located on the separation layer to form a filling and sealing cavity; the filler is located in the filling and sealing cavity, and heating causes the filler to be melted to realize the capping Seal the MEMS device.
  • This method not only preserves the planar lead process, but also facilitates integrated manufacturing and improves the strength and performance of the seal.
  • the existing MEMS packaging technology is still very immature, and the hermetic performance is far from meeting the application needs of MEMS devices.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a microelectromechanical device and a manufacturing method thereof, which can effectively package a microelectromechanical device.
  • the present invention provides a microelectromechanical device comprising a microelectromechanical device, the microelectromechanical device comprising: a body and a movable electrode, the movable electrode passing through the fixing member and the The main body is movably connected, the main body has a fixed electrode therein, and the movable electrode is movable relative to the fixed electrode;
  • the body has a groove therein;
  • the movable electrode is suspended in the groove
  • first dielectric layer above the groove and on the main body, the first dielectric layer enclosing the groove into a closed space, and the movable electrode is suspended in the closed space by the fixing member, A through hole is formed in the first dielectric layer above the groove, and the through hole is filled with a second dielectric layer.
  • the main body comprises: a village bottom; a first insulating layer on the bottom of the village; a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer; the recess is located in the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer; The first dielectric layer is above the recess and the second insulating layer.
  • the material of the movable electrode is: aluminum, titanium, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, platinum, silver, gold or a combination thereof.
  • the materials of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride or silicon oxycarbonitride, and combinations thereof.
  • the through holes in the first dielectric layer are arranged in an array.
  • the material of the second dielectric layer is silicon dioxide
  • the through hole in the first dielectric layer has a pore diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, and the through hole has an aspect ratio of 0.3 to 0.5.
  • the present invention also provides a method of fabricating the above-described microelectromechanical device, comprising the steps of: providing a microelectromechanical device, the microelectromechanical device comprising: a body and a movable electrode, the body having a groove therein, the concave The bottom of the groove has a first sacrificial layer; the movable electrode is located on the first sacrificial layer, and the movable electrode is movably connected to the main body through a fixing member;
  • a second sacrificial layer in the recess covers the movable electrode; forming a first dielectric layer on the main body and the second sacrificial layer, the first dielectric layer corresponding to The position of the second sacrificial layer has a through hole;
  • a second dielectric layer is filled into the via.
  • the step of forming the electromechanical device comprises:
  • the insulating layer has an opening therein, and the bottom of the opening exposes the bottom of the village;
  • a fixing member that connects the movable electrode and the second insulating layer or connects the movable electrode and the substrate is formed.
  • the method for forming the second dielectric layer is chemical vapor deposition, and the parameters are: the reaction gas includes SiH4, 02 and N2, wherein the flow ratio of 02 and SiH4 is 3:1, and the total reaction gas flow rate is 5 L/ Min ⁇ 20 L / min, temperature is 250 ° C ⁇ 450 ° C, atmospheric pressure.
  • the method of removing the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer is: performing ashing using a plasma of oxygen or nitrogen.
  • the present invention mainly has the following advantages:
  • the present invention forms a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer over the body of the microelectromechanical device and over the movable electrode, wherein the second dielectric layer is located within the via of the first dielectric layer such that the first dielectric layer
  • the second dielectric layer forms a closed cavity with the body to enclose the movable electrode within the closed cavity. Since the movable electrode is easily affected in the microelectromechanical device, the present invention achieves effective packaging for the microelectromechanical device by encapsulation of the movable electrode and its working space (i.e., the closed cavity).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a microelectromechanical device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of fabricating a microelectromechanical device of the present invention
  • 3 to 6 are schematic views of a method of manufacturing a microelectromechanical device of the present invention.
  • the first type of sealing cover by fusion welding due to the high temperature, easily causes undesirable thermodynamic effects of the MEMS device or the surrounding control circuit.
  • Another type of advanced micro-machining sealing and sealing technology is that the seal on both sides of the motor lead cannot be completely sealed at the bottom of the joint, and there is a small gap that affects the sealing performance.
  • the inventors of the present invention have obtained a microelectromechanical device and a manufacturing method thereof through a large number of experiments, and can effectively realize packaging of the microelectromechanical device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of a microelectromechanical device of the present invention.
  • the microelectromechanical device includes a main body 10 and a movable electrode 20.
  • the movable electrode 20 is movably connected to the main body 10 via a fixing member (not shown) having a fixed electrode 110 therein.
  • the movable electrode 20 is movable relative to the fixed electrode 110.
  • the body 10 has a recess 30 therein, and the movable electrode 20 is suspended in the recess 30.
  • a first dielectric layer 400 is disposed over the recess 30 and over the body 10, the first dielectric layer 400 enclosing the recess 30 into a closed space.
  • the movable electrode 20 is suspended in the closed space by the fixing member (not shown), and has a through hole 405 in the first dielectric layer 400 above the groove 30, and the through hole 405 is inside
  • a second dielectric layer 500 is filled.
  • the enclosed space is a space formed by the first dielectric layer 400 and the second dielectric layer 500 closing the recess 30, and is also a working space in which the movable electrode 20 can freely move.
  • the thickness of the first dielectric layer 400 It is from 0.15 microns to 0.3 microns.
  • the main body 10 includes: a village bottom 100; a first insulating layer 200 on the village bottom 100; a second insulating layer 300 on the first insulating layer 200;
  • the trench 20 is located in the first insulating layer 200 and the second insulating layer 300;
  • the first dielectric layer 400 is located above the recess 30 and on the second insulating layer 300.
  • the material of the first dielectric layer 400, the second dielectric layer 500, the first insulating layer 200, and the second insulating layer 300 is silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof.
  • the via holes 405 in the first dielectric layer 400 are arranged in an array.
  • the material of the second dielectric layer 500 is silicon dioxide.
  • the through hole 405 of the first dielectric layer 400 has a diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, and the through hole has an aspect ratio of 0.3 to 0.5.
  • the second dielectric layer 500 may further include a layer located above the first dielectric layer 400 in close proximity to the first dielectric layer 400 in addition to the portion filling the via 405, and located in the first dielectric layer
  • the lower layer of 400 is in close contact with one layer of the first dielectric layer 400, thereby making the closed cavity more airtight.
  • the materials of the first dielectric layer 400, the second dielectric layer 500, the first insulating layer 200, and the second insulating layer 300 are silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride or silicon oxycarbonitride, and combinations thereof.
  • the material of the fixed electrode 110 may be: aluminum, titanium, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, platinum, silver, gold or a combination thereof.
  • the material of the movable electrode 20 is: aluminum, titanium, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, platinum, silver, gold or a combination thereof.
  • the substrate may be a single crystal, polycrystalline or amorphous silicon or silicon germanium (SiGe), or silicon-on-insulator (SOI), and may also include other materials such as indium antimonide, lead antimonide, Indium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide or gallium antimonide. It is also possible to have MOS devices in the village.
  • the movable electrode 20 may be connected to the second insulating layer 300 through a fixing member connected to the periphery thereof, and the movable electrode 20 may be in the The movable space 20 is moved up and down in the closed space, so that the movable electrode 20 can be held by the inertia, and can be measured by measuring the capacitance value of the capacitor formed by the movable electrode 20 and the fixed electrode 110.
  • the movable electrode 20 may be connected to the substrate 100 through a rotating shaft (i.e., a fixing member) connected to a center thereof, and the movable electrode 20 may be sealed at the bottom
  • a rotating shaft i.e., a fixing member
  • the movable electrode 20 may be sealed at the bottom
  • the space rotates around the rotation axis, so that when the main body 10 rotates, the movable electrode 20 is kept stationary by the inertia, so that it can be measured by measuring the capacitance value of the capacitor formed by the movable electrode 20 and the fixed electrode 110.
  • the Lord The angular velocity at which the body 10 rotates.
  • the present invention utilizes the first dielectric layer 400 and the second dielectric layer 500 to enclose the movable electrode in a closed space formed by the first dielectric layer 400, the second dielectric layer 500, and the body 10, thereby enabling the movable electrode
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart showing a method of fabricating a microelectromechanical device of the present invention
  • Figures 3 through 6 are schematic views of a method of fabricating a microelectromechanical device of the present invention.
  • the microelectromechanical device manufacturing method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • microelectromechanical device comprising: a body and a movable electrode, the body has a groove therein, the bottom of the groove has a first sacrificial layer; a movable electrode, the movable electrode is located at On the first sacrificial layer, the movable electrode is movably connected to the main body through a fixing member;
  • S20 filling a second sacrificial layer in the recess, the second sacrificial layer covers the movable electrode; S30, forming a first dielectric layer on the main body and the second sacrificial layer, a dielectric layer having a via hole corresponding to a position of the second sacrificial layer;
  • step S10 is performed.
  • an electromechanical device including a main body 10 and a movable electrode 20 is provided.
  • the body 10 has a recess 30 therein and may also have a fixed electrode 110.
  • the bottom of the recess 30 has a first sacrificial layer 202.
  • the movable electrode 20 is located on the first sacrificial layer 202 in the recess 30.
  • the movable electrode 20 is movably connected to the main body 10 via a fixing member (not shown).
  • the step of forming the electromechanical device in the step S 10 ⁇ in a specific implementation includes:
  • Providing a village bottom 100 which may be a single crystal, polycrystalline or amorphous silicon or silicon germanium (SiGe), or silicon-on-insulator (SOI), and may also include other materials, such as deuteration.
  • SiGe silicon germanium
  • SOI silicon-on-insulator
  • a first insulating layer 200 is formed on the substrate 100, for example, a method which can utilize chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD).
  • the first insulating layer 200 has an opening (i.e., a position corresponding to the groove 30), and the bottom of the opening exposes the substrate 100.
  • first sacrificial layer 202 filling the first sacrificial layer 202 in the opening; specifically, chemical vapor deposition may be utilized (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods.
  • the material of the first sacrificial layer 202 may be: carbon, germanium or polyamide.
  • the specific first sacrificial layer 202 may be amorphous carbon
  • reaction gases include: C3H6 and HE
  • the reaction gas flow rate is 1000 sccm ⁇ 3000 sccm, wherein C3H6: HE 2: 1-5: 1.
  • a movable electrode is formed on the first sacrificial layer 202, and specifically, may be performed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the first sacrificial layer 202 and the first insulating layer 200.
  • the deposition forms a conductive material, which may be: aluminum, titanium, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, platinum, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.
  • CMP chemical mechanical polishing
  • a second insulating layer 300 is formed on the first insulating layer 200, for example, a method which can utilize chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD).
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • a fixing member connecting the movable electrode 20 and the second insulating layer 300 or connecting the movable electrode 20 and the substrate 100 is formed (not shown, different application fixing members may have different structures and connection manners, Reference may be made to the description of the device in the previous embodiment).
  • step S20 forming a second sacrificial layer 302 on the first insulating layer 300 and the first sacrificial layer 202 and the movable electrode 20 of the recess by CVD or PVD, until The second sacrificial layer 302 and the second insulating layer 300 in the recess are flush, and then the second sacrificial layer 302 on the second insulating layer 300 is removed by CMP.
  • the material of the second sacrificial layer 302 may be: carbon, germanium or polyamide.
  • the specific second sacrificial layer 302 may be amorphous carbon (Amorphous Carbon), using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process at a temperature of 350 ° C to 450 ° C, a gas pressure of 1 torr ⁇ 20 torr, RF power: 800 W - 1500 W, the reaction gas includes: C3H6 and HE, and the reaction gas flow rate is 1000 sccm ⁇ 3000 sccm, wherein C3H6: HE 2: 1-5: 1.
  • PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
  • step S30 is performed.
  • the first dielectric layer 400 is formed on the second insulating layer 300 and the second sacrificial layer 302 by CVD or PVD, and then etched under the mask, the second sacrifice.
  • the through holes 405 are formed in the first dielectric layer 400 corresponding to the layer 302.
  • the through holes 405 may be arranged in an array, so that the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer can be removed more evenly, and the effect is better.
  • a mask having a pattern of a square array arrangement can be specifically formed, and then a photomask pattern is formed on the first dielectric layer 400 by photolithography using the mask, and the mask is masked by the mask pattern. eclipse.
  • the first sacrificial layer 202 and the second sacrificial layer 302 may be removed from the via hole by a cleaning or ashing method, for example, the ashing method may be using oxygen or The plasma of nitrogen is ashed.
  • the first sacrificial layer 202 and the second sacrificial layer 302 are made of dense activated carbon formed by a CVD chemical vapor deposition process, and the removal material is oxygen, and the heating temperature is 350 ° C to 450 ° C. At this temperature, the dense activated carbon does not undergo intense combustion, but can be oxidized into carbon dioxide gas and discharged through the through holes. The first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer can be completely removed, and the rest of the device does not. affected.
  • step S50 is performed.
  • the second dielectric layer 405 and the material of the second dielectric layer 405 may be filled into the via hole by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD).
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • It can be TEOS, FSG, SiON, Si3N4, SiC, and the like.
  • the reaction gas includes SiH4, 02 and N2, wherein the flow ratio of 02 and SiH4 is 2: 1-5:1, and the total reaction gas flow rate is 5 L / min ⁇ 20 L / min, temperature is 250 ° C ⁇ 450 ° C, atmospheric pressure.
  • the invention firstly forms a movable electrode of the microelectromechanical device in a region surrounded by the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer, and then uses the first dielectric layer to make the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer and the movable layer from the top.
  • the electrode is closed, and then the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer are removed from the via hole by forming a via hole in the first dielectric layer, and finally the via hole of the first dielectric layer is closed with the second dielectric layer, thereby
  • the movable electrode is enclosed in a closed cavity surrounded by the bottom of the village, the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, thereby realizing the encapsulation of the movable electrode, and the most in the MEMS
  • the environment that is easily affected by the environment is the space of the movable electrode and its movement, so sealing its active space can effectively ensure the stable operation of the MEMS without environmental interference.

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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Description

微机电装置及其制造方法
本申请要求于 2010 年 6 月 11 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010200714.9、 发明名称为"微机电装置及其制造方法"的中国专利申请的优 先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体制造技术领域, 特别涉及一种微机电装置及其制造方 法。
背景技术
MEMS(Microelectromechanical System, 机电系统)技术是指对 米 /纳 米( micro/nanotechnology )材料进行设计、 加工、 制造、 测量和控制的技术。 MEMS 是由机械构件、 光学系统、 驱动部件、 电控系统集成为一个整体单元 的微型系统。 MEMS 通常应用在位置传感器、 旋转装置或者惯性传感器中, 例如加速度传感器、 陀螺仪和声音传感器。
对于 MEMS器件由于尺寸非常小, 通常在微米量级, 此时即便是环境中 普通的水分、 灰尘等微小颗粒对 MEMS器件的影响都可能是致命, 因此往往 需要将 MEMS密封封装, 为其稳定工作、 高可靠性以及抵抗各种恶劣环境提 供保证。 但是 MEMS器件形成多样, 而且其工艺要求高, 因此其封装难度大。 例如在美国专利文献 "US2010127377 A1" 也提供了一种 MEMS的密封方法。
目前, MEMS 密封封装工艺主要有两种, 第一种是利用熔融焊接密封封 盖, 也就是利用熔融焊料直接将封盖与村底焊接在一起, 从而将村底上的 MEMS器件密封, 但是这种密封技术需要高温, 容易使得 MEMS器件或者其 周围的控制电路产生不良的热力学效应。 另外, 熔融焊料流动无法控制, 容易 造成器件区域的污染。 另一类是先进的微加工键合密封封盖技术,也就是利用 键合工艺使封盖与村底牢固结合, 实现密封封装, 此方法步骤筒单, 与 MEMS 器件加工工艺完全兼容,应用范围较广,但是缺点是在电机引线两侧的封盖与 村底键合处无法实现完全密封, 会有微小缝隙影响密封性能。
现有的一种 MEMS 密封封装方法包括: 在玻璃片或者硅片上腐蚀出与 MEMS 器件相匹配的底部开口的 封盖结构, 在该 封盖墙体的底端腐蚀出 一凹槽; MEMS器件及其电极制备在一村底上, 在上述 MEMS器件周围村底 的键合密封区域制备一隔离层,在隔离层上或者微封盖的底端凹槽内设置填充 物。 将上述微封盖与村底键合, 微封盖的底端凹槽位于隔离层上, 形成一填充 密封腔; 上述填充物位于该填充密封腔内, 加热使上述填充物熔融, 实现 封 盖密封 MEMS器件。 该方法既可以保留平面引线工艺, 利于集成制造, 又提 高了密封的强度和性能。
但是上述方法需要制造微封盖, 并且熔融填充物实现微封盖密封, 因此步 骤复杂, 并且仍然存在 MEMS器件或者其周围的控制电路产生不良的热力学 效应的可能。
综上所述, 现有的 MEMS封装技术还非常不成熟, 气密封性能还远远不 能满足 MEMS器件的应用需要。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种微机电装置及其制造方法,可以对微机 电器件进行有效的封装。
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供了一种微机电装置一种微机电装置, 其包 括微机电器件, 所述微机电器件包括: 主体和可动电极, 所述可动电极通过固 定件和所述主体活动连接, 所述主体内具有固定电极, 所述可动电极可以相对 于所述固定电极移动;
所述主体中具有凹槽;
所述可动电极悬置于所述凹槽内;
在 槽上方和在所述主体上具有第一介质层,所述第一介质层将所述凹槽 围成封闭空间, 所述可动电极通过所述固定件悬置在所述封闭空间内,在所述 凹槽上方的第一介质层中具有通孔, 所述通孔内填充有第二介质层。
优选的, 所述主体包括: 村底; 位于村底上的第一绝缘层; 位于第一绝缘 层上的第二绝缘层; 所述凹槽位于第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层中; 所述第一介质 层位于所述凹槽上方和所述第二绝缘层上。
优选的, 所述可动电极的材料为: 铝、 钛、 铜、 钴、 镍、 钽、 铂、 银、 金 或其组合。
优选的, 所述第一介质层、 第二介质层、 第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的材料 为氧化硅、 氮化硅、 碳化硅、 氮氧化硅或碳氮氧化硅及其组合。 优选的, 所述第一介质层中的通孔呈阵列排布。
优选的, 所述第二介质层的材料为二氧化硅, 所述第一介质层中的通孔的 孔径为 0.2微米 ~1微米, 所述通孔的深宽比为 0.3~0.5。
相应的本发明还提供了一种上述的微机电装置的制造方法, 包括步骤: 提供微机电器件, 所述微机电器件包括: 主体和可动电极, 所述主体内具 有凹槽,所述凹槽底部具有第一牺牲层;所述可动电极位于所述第一牺牲层上, 所述可动电极通过固定件和所述主体活动连接;
在所述凹槽中填充第二牺牲层, 所述第二牺牲层覆盖所述可动电极; 在所述主体和所述第二牺牲层上形成第一介质层,所述第一介质层对应第 二牺牲层的位置具有通孔;
利用所述通孔去除所述第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层;
向所述通孔中填充第二介质层。
优选的, 所述 机电器件的形成步骤包括:
提供村底;
在所述村底上形成第一绝缘层, 所述绝缘层中具有开口, 所述开口底部暴 露所述村底;
在所述开口中填充第一牺牲层;
在第一牺牲层上形成可动电极;
在所述第一绝缘层上形成第二绝缘层;
形成连接所述可动电极和第二绝缘层,或者连接所述可动电极和村底的固 定件。
优选的, 形成所述第二介质层的方法为化学气相沉积, 参数为: 反应气体 包括 SiH4、 02和 N2, 其中 02和 SiH4的流量比为 3: 1 , 总的反应气体流量 为 5 L/min ~20 L/min, 温度为 250°C ~450°C , 常压。
优选的, 所述去除第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层的方法为: 利用氧气或者氮气 的等离子体进行灰化。
与现有技术相比, 本发明主要具有以下优点:
本发明通过在微机电器件主体和在可动电极的上方形成第一介质层和第 二介质层, 其中第二介质层位于第一介质层的通孔内,从而使得第一介质层和 第二介质层与主体形成一个密闭的空腔,从而将所述可动电极封闭在该密闭空 腔内。 由于在微机电器件中容易受到影响的是可动电极, 因此本发明通过对可 动电极及其工作空间(即密闭空腔)的封装实现了对为微机电器件的有效封装。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的微机电装置一实施例的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明的微机电装置制造方法的流程图;
图 3至图 6是本发明的微机电装置制造方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
由背景技术可知,传统技术中对微机电器件的封装都存在一定的弊端, 例 如第一种利用熔融焊接密封封盖, 由于需要高温, 容易使得 MEMS器件或者 其周围的控制电路产生不良的热力学效应。另一类先进的微加工键合密封封盖 技术,是在电机引线两侧的封盖与村底键合处无法实现完全密封,会有微小缝 隙影响密封性能。本发明的发明人经过大量的实验,得到了一种微机电装置及 其制造方法, 可以有效的实现对微机电器件的封装。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂, 下面结合附图对 本发明的具体实现方式做详细的说明。本发明利用示意图进行详细描述,在详 述本发明实施例时, 为便于说明,表示器件结构的剖面图会不依一般比例作局 部放大,而且所述示意图只是实例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外, 在实际制作中应包含长度、 宽度及深度的三维空间尺寸。
图 1是本发明的微机电装置一实施例的结构示意图。如图 1所示, 所述微 机电装置包括主体 10和可动电极 20。 所述可动电极 20通过固定件(未图示) 和所述主体 10活动连接, 所述主体 10内具有固定电极 110。 所述可动电极 20 可以相对于所述固定电极 110移动。 所述主体 10中具有凹槽 30, 所述可动电 极 20悬置于所述凹槽 30内。在凹槽 30上方和在所述主体 10上具有第一介质 层 400, 所述第一介质层 400将所述凹槽 30围成封闭空间。 所述可动电极 20 通过所述固定件(未图示) 悬置在所述封闭空间内, 在所述凹槽 30上方的第 一介质层 400中具有通孔 405 , 所述通孔 405内填充有第二介质层 500。 所述 封闭空间是由第一介质层 400和第二介质层 500将凹槽 30封闭而构成的空间, 也是所述可动电极 20可以自由活动的工作空间。 所述第一介质层 400的厚度 为 0.15微米 ~0.3微米。
继续参考图 1 , 在一具体实现中, 所述主体 10包括: 村底 100; 位于村底 100上的第一绝缘层 200; 位于第一绝缘层 200上的第二绝缘层 300; 所述凹 槽 20位于第一绝缘层 200和第二绝缘层 300中; 所述第一介质层 400位于所 述凹槽 30上方和所述第二绝缘层 300上。 所述第一介质层 400、 第二介质层 500、 第一绝缘层 200和第二绝缘层 300的材料为氧化硅、 氮化硅或其组合。
如图 1所示,在一具体实现中, 所述第一介质层 400中的通孔 405呈阵列 排布。所述第二介质层 500的材料为二氧化硅, 所述第一介质层 400中的通孔 405的孔径为 0.2敫米~1 敫米,所述通孔的深宽比为 0.3~0.5 ,所述第二介质层 500除填充所述通孔 405的部分之外, 还可以包括位于所述第一介质层 400上 方紧贴第一介质层 400的一层,以及位于所述第一介质层 400下方紧贴第一介 质层 400的一层, 从而使得所述封闭空腔的密闭性更好。
所述第一介质层 400、第二介质层 500、第一绝缘层 200和第二绝缘层 300 的材料为氧化硅、 氮化硅、 碳化硅、 氮氧化硅或碳氮氧化硅及其组合。 所述固 定电极 110的材料可以为: 铝、 钛、 铜、 钴、 镍、 钽、 铂、 银、 金或其组合。 所述可动电极 20的材料为: 铝、 钛、 铜、 钴、 镍、 钽、 铂、 银、 金或其组合。 所述村底可以为单晶、 多晶或非晶结构的硅或硅错(SiGe ), 也可以是绝缘体 上硅(SOI ), 还可以包括其它的材料, 例如锑化铟、碲化铅、砷化铟、磷化铟、 砷化镓或锑化镓。 在村底内还可以具有 MOS器件。 构, 例如在微机电器件是用于测量加速度的传感器时, 所述可动电极 20可以 通过连接于其外围的固定件与所述第二绝缘层 300相连, 并且可动电极 20可 以在所述密闭空间内上下移动, 从而在主体 10发生移动时, 所述可动电极 20 在惯性的作用下保持不动, 从而可以通过测量可动电极 20和固定电极 110构 成的电容器的电容值来测量, 主体 10移动的加速度。 另外如果所述微机电器 件是陀螺仪, 则所述可动电极 20可以通过连接于其中心的旋转轴(即固定件) 与所述村底 100相连,并且可动电极 20可以在所述密闭空间内绕旋转轴旋转, 从而在主体 10发生旋转时, 所述可动电极 20在惯性的作用下保持不动,从而 可以通过测量可动电极 20和固定电极 110构成的电容器的电容值来测量, 主 体 10旋转的角速度。
本发明利用第一介质层 400和第二介质层 500将可动电极封闭于第一介质 层 400、 第二介质层 500和主体 10构成的封闭的空间内, 从而使得可动电极
20可以不受环境影响, 具有高可靠性。
图 2是本发明的微机电装置制造方法的流程图;图 3至图 6是本发明的微 机电装置制造方法的示意图。下面结合图 2至图 6对图 1所示的上述实施例中 的微机电装置的制造方法进行说明。
如图 2所示, 本发明的微机电装置制造方法包括步骤:
S10, 提供微机电器件, 所述微机电器件包括: 主体和可动电极, 所述主 体内具有凹槽, 所述凹槽底部具有第一牺牲层; 可动电极, 所述可动电极位于 所述第一牺牲层上, 所述可动电极通过固定件和所述主体活动连接;
S20,在所述凹槽中填充第二牺牲层,所述第二牺牲层覆盖所述可动电极; S30, 在所述主体和所述第二牺牲层上形成第一介质层, 所述第一介质层 对应第二牺牲层的位置具有通孔;
S40, 利用所述通孔去除所述第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层;
S50, 向所述通孔中填充第二介质层。
具体的, 结合图 3至图 6对上述步骤进行详细说明。
首先, 进行步骤 S10, 如图 3所示, 提供 机电器件, 其包括主体 10和 可动电极 20。 所述主体 10内具有凹槽 30, 还可以具有固定电极 110。 所述凹 槽 30底部具有第一牺牲层 202。 可动电极 20位于所述凹槽 30内的第一牺牲 层 202上。 所述可动电极 20通过固定件(未图示)和所述主体 10活动连接。
在一具体实现中所述步骤 S 10 ί机电器件的形成步骤包括:
提供村底 100, 所述村底 100 可以是单晶、 多晶或非晶结构的硅或硅错 ( SiGe ) , 也可以是绝缘体上硅( SOI ) , 还可以包括其它的材料, 例如锑化铟、 碲化铅、 砷化铟、 磷化铟、 砷化镓或锑化镓。
然后, 在所述村底 100上形成第一绝缘层 200, 例如具体的可以利用化学 气相沉积 (CVD ) 或者物理气相沉积 (PVD ) 的方法。 所述第一绝缘层 200 中具有开口 (即对应于凹槽 30的位置), 所述开口底部暴露所述村底 100。
然后, 在所述开口中填充第一牺牲层 202; 具体的可以利用化学气相沉积 ( CVD )或者物理气相沉积( PVD )的方法。 所述第一牺牲层 202的材料可以 为: 碳、 锗或者聚酰胺(polyamide )。 具体的第一牺牲层 202 可以为非晶碳
( Amorphous Carbon ), 利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积( PECVD )工艺, 在 温度为 350°C ~450°C , 气压: 1 torr ~20torr, RF功率: 800 W -1500W, 反应气 体包括: C3H6和 HE, 反应气体流量为 1000 sccm ~3000sccm, 其中 C3H6: HE 2: 1-5: 1。
然后, 在第一牺牲层 202上形成可动电极,, 具体的可以利用化学气相淀 积( CVD )或物理气相淀积( PVD ) ,在所述第一牺牲层 202和第一绝缘层 200 上淀积形成导电材料, 所述导电材料可以为: 铝、 钛、 铜、 钴、 镍、 钽、 铂、 银、 金或其组合。 然后利用化学机械研磨(CMP )和刻蚀的方法去除多余的部 分, 保留在所述第一牺牲层 202中央区域上的部分。
然后, 在所述第一绝缘层 200上形成第二绝缘层 300, 例如具体的可以利 用化学气相沉积(CVD )或者物理气相沉积(PVD )的方法。 然后形成连接所 述可动电极 20和第二绝缘层 300, 或者连接所述可动电极 20和村底 100的固 定件(未图示, 不同的应用固定件可以有不同的结构和连接方式, 可以参考前 述实施例中装置的描述)。
接着, 进行步骤 S20, 如图 4所示, 在所述第二绝缘层 300和凹槽的第一 牺牲层 202及可动电极 20上利用 CVD或者 PVD的方法形成第二牺牲层 302, 直到所述凹槽内的第二牺牲层 302和第二绝缘层 300齐平, 然后再利用 CMP 去除第二绝缘层 300上的第二牺牲层 302。所述第二牺牲层 302的材料可以为: 碳、 锗或者聚酰胺 (polyamide )。 具体的第二牺牲层 302 可以为非晶碳 ( Amorphous Carbon ), 利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积( PECVD )工艺, 在 温度为 350°C ~450°C , 气压: 1 torr ~20torr, RF功率: 800 W -1500W, 反应气 体包括: C3H6和 HE, 反应气体流量为 1000 sccm ~3000sccm, 其中 C3H6: HE 2: 1-5: 1。
接着, 进行步骤 S30, 如图 5所示, 在第二绝缘层 300和第二牺牲层 302 上利用 CVD或者 PVD的方法形成第一介质层 400, 然后在掩膜下进行刻蚀, 第二牺牲层 302对应的第一介质层 400中形成通孔 405 , 所述通孔 405可以呈 阵列排布,从而可以去除第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层的时候更加均勾,效果更好。 例如具体的可以制作具有方形阵列排布的图形的掩膜版,然后利用该掩膜版进 行光刻在第一介质层 400上形成光掩膜图形,利用所述光掩膜图形掩蔽下进行 刻蚀。
接着, 进行步骤 S40, 如图 6所示, 可以利用清洗或者灰化的方法从所述 通孔中去除第一牺牲层 202和第二牺牲层 302, 例如所述灰化方法可以为利用 氧气或氮气的等离子体进行灰化。在本实施例中所述第一牺牲层 202和第二牺 牲层 302材质为 CVD化学气相沉积工艺所形成的致密活性炭, 所述去除材料 为氧气, 采用加热温度为 350 °C ~450°C, 在此温度下, 致密活性炭并不会发 生剧烈燃烧, 而可以被氧化成二氧化碳气体, 并通过通孔排出, 第一牺牲层和 第二牺牲层能够彻底地去除, 而器件的其余部分并不会受到影响。
接着, 进行步骤 S50, 如图 1所示, 可以利用化学气相沉积(CVD )或者 物理气相沉积(PVD ) 的方法, 向所述通孔中填充第二介质层 405 , 第二介质 层 405的材料可以为 TEOS、 FSG、 SiON, Si3N4, SiC等等。 以第二介质层 405的材料可以为 TEOS为例, 具体的利用 APCVD, 反应气体包括 SiH4、 02 和 N2, 其中 02和 SiH4的流量比为 2: 1-5: 1 , 总的反应气体流量为 5 L/min ~20 L/min, 温度为 250°C ~450°C , 常压。
本发明通过先将微机电器件的可动电极形成在第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层 围成的区域内, 然后从顶部利用第一介质层将第一牺牲层、第二牺牲层及可动 电极封闭,接着通过在第一介质层中形成通孔,从通孔中去除第一牺牲层和第 二牺牲层, 最后再将第一介质层的通孔用第二介质层封闭,从而就将可动电极 封闭在村底、 第一绝缘层、 第二绝缘层、 第一介质层及第二介质层围成的一个 封闭空腔内, 从而实现了对可动电极的封装, 在 MEMS中最容易受到环境影 响的就是可动电极及其活动的空间, 因此密封其活动空间, 可以有效的保证 MEMS的不受环境干扰的稳定工作。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形式上的 限制。 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下, 都 可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案作出许多可能的变动和 修饰, 或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此, 凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的 修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种微机电装置, 其包括微机电器件, 所述微机电器件包括: 主体和 可动电极, 所述可动电极通过固定件和所述主体活动连接, 所述主体内具有固 定电极, 所述可动电极可以相对于所述固定电极移动; 其特征在于,
所述主体中具有凹槽;
所述可动电极悬置于所述凹槽内;
在凹槽上方和在所述主体上具有第一介质层,所述第一介质层将所述凹槽 围成封闭空间, 所述可动电极通过所述固定件悬置在所述封闭空间内,在所述 凹槽上方的第一介质层中具有通孔, 所述通孔内填充有第二介质层。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的微机电装置, 其特征在于, 所述主体包括: 村 底; 位于村底上的第一绝缘层; 位于第一绝缘层上的第二绝缘层; 所述凹槽位 于第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层中;所述第一介质层位于所述凹槽上方和所述第二 绝缘层上。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的微机电装置, 其特征在于, 所述可动电极的材 料为: 铝、 钛、 铜、 钴、 镍、 钽、 铂、 银、 金或其组合。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的微机电装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一介质层、 第二介质层、 第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的材料为氧化硅、 氮化硅、 碳化硅、 氮 氧化硅或碳氮氧化硅及其组合。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的微机电装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一介质层中 的通孔呈阵列排布。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的微机电装置, 其特征在于, 所述第二介质层的 材料为二氧化硅,所述第一介质层中的通孔的孔径为 0.2微米 ~1微米,所述通 孔的深宽比为 0.3~0.5。
7、 一种权利要求 1至 6任意一项所述的微机电装置的制造方法, 其特征 在于, 包括步骤:
提供微机电器件, 所述微机电器件包括: 主体和可动电极, 所述主体内具 有凹槽,所述凹槽底部具有第一牺牲层;所述可动电极位于所述第一牺牲层上, 所述可动电极通过固定件和所述主体活动连接;
在所述凹槽中填充第二牺牲层, 所述第二牺牲层覆盖所述可动电极; 在所述主体和所述第二牺牲层上形成第一介质层,所述第一介质层对应第 二牺牲层的位置具有通孔;
利用所述通孔去除所述第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层;
向所述通孔中填充第二介质层。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的微机电装置的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述微机电器件的形成步骤包括:
提供村底;
在所述村底上形成第一绝缘层, 所述绝缘层中具有开口, 所述开口底部暴 露所述村底;
在所述开口中填充第一牺牲层;
在第一牺牲层上形成可动电极;
在所述第一绝缘层上形成第二绝缘层;
形成连接所述可动电极和第二绝缘层,或者连接所述可动电极和村底的固 定件。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的微机电装置的制造方法, 其特征在于, 形成所述第二介质层的方法为化学气相沉积, 参数为: 反应气体包括 SiH4、02和 N2,其中 02和 SiH4的流量比为 3: 1 ,总的反应气体流量为 5 L/min -20 L/min, 温度为 250°C ~450°C , 常压。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的微机电装置的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述去 除第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层的方法为: 利用氧气或者氮气的等离子体进行灰
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