WO2011153726A1 - 将城市污泥转换成气、液、固燃料方法及全封闭设备系统 - Google Patents

将城市污泥转换成气、液、固燃料方法及全封闭设备系统 Download PDF

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WO2011153726A1
WO2011153726A1 PCT/CN2010/075568 CN2010075568W WO2011153726A1 WO 2011153726 A1 WO2011153726 A1 WO 2011153726A1 CN 2010075568 W CN2010075568 W CN 2010075568W WO 2011153726 A1 WO2011153726 A1 WO 2011153726A1
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gas
sludge
municipal sludge
reaction kettle
equipment
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PCT/CN2010/075568
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李国声
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华南再生资源（中山）有限公司
许文姬
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Publication of WO2011153726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011153726A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a complete production method and equipment system for converting municipal sludge into storable gas, fuel oil and solid fuel, which is used for refining gas, liquid and solid fuel, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering.
  • Sludge treatment is a process in which sludge is concentrated, treated, dehydrated, stabilized, dried, or incinerated.
  • oily sludge chemical and physical methods such as incineration, chlorine oxidation, ozone oxidation and combustion, biological treatment methods such as bioremediation, traditional composting, and the like.
  • environmental treatment methods for sludge including sludge gasification, sludge solid fuel, sludge oil production, etc., but in the sludge treatment process, it is a single harmless treatment process, and the remainder is separately Independent treatment, these methods will certainly create the risk of a second contamination.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a continuous production of gas and fuel oil, emulsified heavy oil and solid fuel by using a sludge, waste plastic as a mixed refining material, anoxic pyrolysis, catalytic production of gas and fuel oil.
  • the method and apparatus using the same, the present invention also provides a method of storing a combustible gas.
  • the sludge and the waste plastic or the used tire are sent to the cracking furnace through the conveying device, and the cracking furnace is provided with a horizontal rotary ⁇ type shaftless scraping wall reaction kettle, and the stirring method of the reaction kettle is a shaftless fin type device
  • the type of shaftless scraping wall, the cracking furnace can rotate 360° in the reverse direction, the ratio of sludge to waste plastic is more than 60% of the total weight of the sludge, and the waste plastic accounts for less than 40% of the total weight;
  • the feed port of the cracking furnace and the negative pressure device at the rear end of the cracking furnace are closed, so that the cracking furnace works in the anoxic negative pressure, and the reaction product reacts in the anoxic negative pressure, the cracking furnace
  • the temperature is 120-160 °C
  • the structure of the sludge begins to be destroyed, and the crystal water of the sludge is accelerated to escape.
  • a large amount of water vapor is turned into water after being chilled by the negative condensation tube of the equipment under the action of the vacuum device.
  • the water discharged is non-acidic and free of bacteria through the action of calcium oxide in the cracking furnace;
  • the material in the cracking furnace has been dried and begins to pyrolyze.
  • the temperature at which the material is pyrolyzed is 500-850 ° C, which is the final temperature of cracking; in this temperature range, it is also generated.
  • the stage of combustible gas and carbon black, in order to prevent the residue from melting, should be kept below 950 ° C, and at this stage, when the solid residue is separated from other pyrolysis products, the steam product is rapidly chilled through the heat exchanger to prevent Large oil molecules are further cleaved to avoid the formation of products that do not meet the requirements of the product;
  • a toxic gas dioxin capture device and a flammable gas cleaning device are added.
  • the dioxin capture device is composed of two sets of water-sealed devices equipped with organic solvents. The method is based on the fact that the dioxin gas has a high melting point and is extremely insoluble in water, but is soluble in most organic solvents. ;
  • the flammable gas conveying system starts from the tail gas pipe in the flammable gas collection system, and compresses the gas to 0.5Mpa through a special gas compressor, and simultaneously acts as a first-stage gas dehydration;
  • the combustible gas is sent to the second-stage special gas compressor, and when the gas is compressed to 1Mpa, the secondary gas dehydration is simultaneously performed, and the combustible gas is sent to the gas storage reservoir for gas power generation;
  • Residual solid carbon residue utilization When the solid residue is automatically discharged by the thermal cracking furnace, it is quenched by the water-sealed quenching tank, and the heavy metal in the residue is recovered therefrom, so as to avoid causing heavy metal fly ash generated by the burning coal during combustion.
  • the secondary pollution is directly sent to the solid fuel production line through the spiral belt conveying pipeline.
  • the production line starts from the wind-selecting group machine and enters the production process of high-energy low-sulfur coal.
  • the inventor of the process and equipment line has applied for the invention patent, and the patent number is [20101048172.5]), its sludge carbon black and high-energy low-sulfur coal raw material ratio is 30%: 70%, and finally get high-energy low-sulfur coal;
  • cracking furnace reaction tail gas treatment The flue gas generated after the cracking furnace reaction is further purified by the dust removal and desulfurization equipment, the gas component and the solid sediment are separated, and then the tail gas is treated, and the sediment is filtered.
  • the fully enclosed equipment system of the present invention comprises a cracking furnace 1, an oil and gas separation and storage device 2, a combustible gas collection and storage device,
  • the solid fuel production equipment 4 and the cracking furnace flue gas treatment equipment 5 are each a fully enclosed structure, and the connections and functions of the respective parts are as follows:
  • the cracking furnace 1 has a cracking furnace shell 11, a thermal insulation layer 12 located inside the outer casing, and a reaction kettle 13 located in the thermal insulation layer.
  • the cracking furnace 1 sends the flue gas generated during the reaction to the cracking furnace by means of the exhaust port 14.
  • the flue gas treatment device 5 is processed.
  • the reaction vessel 13 has three outlets, namely a feed port 15, a vapor outlet 16 and a slag outlet 17; wherein the sludge and waste plastic enter the cracking furnace from the feed port 15
  • the generated gasification enters the oil and gas separation device 2 from the vapor outlet 16 , and the oil and gas separation device 2 is connected to the combustible gas collection and storage device 3 , and the solid residue generated after the reaction enters the solid fuel production device 4 through the tap hole 17 ;
  • the bottom of 1 also has a pit 18 and a ground bridge 19;
  • the oil and gas separation and storage device 2 includes a vacuum device 20 for supplying a negative pressure to the cracking furnace, and the oil and gas mixed gas generated in the cracking furnace 1 sequentially passes through the gas oil separator 21, the primary condenser 22, and the water-sealed gas oil separator 23
  • the water sealing device 24 and the horizontal condenser 25 finally separate the gas and oil phases, and the liquid phase enters the mixed oil storage tank 27 through the mixed oil container 26 for storage, and the gas phase is passed through the gas neutralizing water washer 28 and the water-sealed gas.
  • the hybrid safety output device 29 is delivered to the combustible gas collection and storage device 3;
  • the combustible gas collection and storage device 3 includes a gas input pipe 31, a dioxin capture device 32, a gas compressor group 33, and a gas output pipe 34.
  • the dioxin capture device 32 is composed of a water-sealed device, and includes two reaction vessels 321, Having a chemical liquid inlet port 322, containing an organic solvent 323, can dissolve dioxins, the bottom of the container has a water outlet 324;
  • the solid fuel production equipment 4 includes a water seal quenching tank 41 connected to the tapping port 17 of the cracking furnace 1, a ribbon conveying pipe 42, a high-energy low-sulfur coal production process, and finally a high-energy low-sulfur coal; high-energy low-sulfur;
  • the coal production equipment includes a carbon black storage tank 61, an ozone oxidation bed 62, a hot steam processor 63, a raw coal adding machine 64, a dry mixer 65, an additive spray adder 66, a wet mixer 67, a vertical stirrer 68, a sulfur-fixing agent, a combustion improver adder 69, a rare black metal catalyst spray adder 70, a high-energy coal forming machine 71, a shaped coal conveyor belt 72, a hot air dryer 73, a finished conveyor belt 74, and a wind selection system device 75;
  • the pyrolysis furnace flue gas treatment device 5 comprises a dust removal and desulfurization device 51, a water vapor bunker 52 and a filtered sedimentation tank 53. After the reaction, the flue gas in the cracking furnace is purified by the dust removal and desulfurization equipment, and the non-contaminated gas is discharged through the water vapor bunker and settled. The fixed sediment is filtered into the filter sedimentation tank; wherein the dust removal and desulfurization equipment 51 comprises a square duct 81 connecting the furnace body, a double tower wet gas-solid separator 82, a water vapor buffer chamber 83, and a double carbon residue filter 84.
  • the system and the production method of the invention can effectively, safely and environmentally convert the polluted and non-storable municipal sludge into storability mainly composed of combustible gas, fuel oil and low-sulfur environmentally-friendly high-energy coal. Energy, with multifunctional transformation;
  • the system of the invention effectively changes the existing sludge and solid fuel mixed combustion or uses a single equipment for sludge cracking gas production and oil production, and generates toxic gas such as dioxins and heavy metal fly ash discharge.
  • the second serious pollution defects can really make the harmless treatment of sludge treatment projects and the conversion of harmful substances into all renewable energy.
  • the device system described in the present application includes a cracking furnace 1, an oil and gas separation and storage device 2, a combustible gas collection and storage device 3, and a solid fuel production device 4 And the cracking furnace flue gas treatment device 5, each part is a fully enclosed structure, and the raw material enters the cracking furnace from the feeding port;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cracking furnace of the equipment system according to the present invention, wherein 1 is a cracking furnace, 11 is a cracking furnace shell, 12 is an insulating layer located inside the outer casing, and 13 is a reaction kettle located in the heat insulating layer. 14 is a smoke exhaust port, 15 is a feed port, 16 is a vapor outlet, and 17 is a tap opening;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an oil and gas separation and storage device and a cracking furnace flue gas treating device of the equipment system according to the present invention, wherein 1 is a cracking furnace, a pit, 19 is a ground bridge, 41 is a water seal flame extinguishing tank, 42 is Spiral belt conveying pipe, 20 is a negative pressure device, 21 is a gas oil separator, 22 is a first stage condenser, 23 is a water-sealed gas oil separator, 24 is a water sealing device, 25 is a horizontal condenser, 26 It is a mixed oil container, 27 is a mixed oil storage tank, 28 is a gas neutral water washer, 29 is a water-sealed gas mixed safety output device, 51 is a dust removal and desulfurization device, 52 is a water vapor bunker, and 53 is a filter type sedimentation tank;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a combustible gas collection and storage device of the equipment system according to the present invention
  • 31 is a gas input pipe
  • 32 is a dioxin capture device
  • 33 is a gas compressor group
  • 34 is a gas output pipe
  • the device 32 is composed of a water-sealed device
  • 321 is a reaction container
  • 322 is a chemical liquid inlet
  • 323 is an organic solvent.
  • 324 is the water outlet;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a solid fuel production apparatus of the equipment system according to the present invention, wherein 42 is a ribbon conveyor, 61 is a carbon black storage tank, 62 is an ozone oxidation bed, 63 is a hot steam processor, 64 is Raw coal adding machine, 65 is dry mixer, 66 is additive sprayer, 67 is wet mixer, 68 is vertical mixer, 69 is sulfur-fixing agent, combustion improver, 70 is rare black metal catalyst spray , 71 is a high-energy coal forming machine, 72 is a shaped coal conveyor belt, 73 is a hot air dryer, 74 is a finished conveyor belt, and 75 is a wind selection system equipment;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a dust removal and desulfurization device 51 in a cracking furnace flue gas treatment device of the equipment system according to the present invention
  • 81 is a square pipe connecting the furnace body
  • 82 is a double tower type wet gas-solid separator
  • 83 is water and gas.
  • the buffer chamber, 84 is a double carbon residue filter
  • 85 is a square air inlet tube
  • 86 is a wind inlet
  • 87 is a cooling tower
  • 88 is a heat exchanger in the middle of the chimney combination
  • 89 is a carbon water separator in the lower part of the chimney combination
  • 90 For the latter stage, the circulating alkaline cold water pipe, 91 is the pump, 92 is the filter type sediment pool, 93 is the water pump, 94 is the front stage circulating cold water pipe, and 95 is the cold water pipe.
  • the cracking furnace is further added with 31.75 kg of zinc-based catalyst and 127 kg of aluminum-based catalytic gas generating agent into the cracking furnace through the feed port, and the negative pressure device is opened, and the heat source of the cracking furnace is burned and heated by using fuel oil;
  • the combustible gas is stored in the gas storage tank under the pressure of 1Mpa after being subjected to secondary pressure dehydration;
  • the stored combustible gas is output from the gas storage, and the decompression is 0.3Mpa into the 500kw/h internal gas-fired generator.
  • the generated electricity can be generated by 2125 degrees.
  • the hot gas generated during the power generation is exchanged by the heat recovery and reuse system. Hot air for use in coal production lines;
  • the cracking residue (crude carbon black) is treated by water-sealed quenching equipment to remove heavy metal dust, and then transported into the coal-making production line by the sealed spiral belt. After the first air-selection process of the production line, the residue of 600 mesh or more is obtained as production.
  • the oil-oil emulsified oil is used as a reserve, and the residue below 600 mesh is used as a mixed high-energy low-sulfur environmentally-friendly coal material to produce briquette through a special production line;
  • the exhaust gas discharge of the municipal sludge is completely sealed, no dioxin gas emission, environmental protection without secondary pollution and conversion from a harmful substance to no Harmful storable energy, such a full recycling project, is a safe urban sludge treatment method and processing equipment system.

Description

将城市污泥转换成气、液、固燃料方法及全封闭设备系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种将城市污泥转化为可贮存的燃气、燃料油、固体燃料的全套生产方法及设备系统，用来炼制气、液、固态燃料，属于环境工程技术领域。
 背景技术
污泥处理(sludge treatment )是对污泥进行浓缩、调治、脱水、稳定、干化或焚烧的加工过程。 有很多种方法可以用来处理含油污泥，化学和物理的方法例如：焚烧、氯氧化、臭氧氧化和燃烧，生物的处理方法例如：生物修复、传统堆肥法等等。 目前有多种的污泥环保处理方法，也包括了污泥造气、污泥固体燃料、污泥造油等，但是在污泥处理过程中是单一无害化的处理过程，所剩余物另行独立处理，这些方法肯定会产生第二次污染的危险性。
 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供一种以污泥、废旧塑料为混合炼制物料，经缺氧热裂解、催化制造燃气及燃料油、乳化重油和固体燃料的连续生产方法以及使用该方法的设备，本发明同时提供了对可燃气体进行存储的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用了下述技术方案：
1. 采用经脱水处理及初步灭菌处理的脱水污泥作为基本原料；
2. 将污泥与废旧塑料或废旧轮胎经输送设备送入裂解炉中，该裂解炉内设有卧式旋转砣式无轴刮壁反应釜，该反应釜的搅拌方法为无轴鳍型装置摆砣式无轴刮壁，此裂解炉可顺逆方向360°旋转，污泥与废旧塑料的比例为污泥占总重量的60%以上，废旧塑料占总重量的40%以下；
3. 在裂解炉初始升温时，根据污泥及废旧塑料的总含水量加入2-6%的氧化钙作为脱氯剂及发热剂，及起到杀菌作用，进行混炼；
4. 当裂解炉温度提升至80℃时，开始分批加入反应物总量的1-3%的锌类催化剂以及2-4%的铝类催化剂造气剂，加入催化剂的量视所需可燃气与油品的产成比例而定；
5. 当所有原料及化学剂添加完成后，封闭裂解炉进料口及开动裂解炉后端的负压装置，使裂解炉在缺氧负压中工作，由于反应物在缺氧负压中反应，裂解炉温度在120-160℃时，开始破坏污泥的结构，使污泥的结晶水加快脱出，大量的水蒸汽在负压装置设备的作用下，经该设备的负冷凝管激冷转为水后迅速引排，所排出的水分，是经过裂解炉中的氧化钙作用呈非酸性，无细菌；
6. 当裂解炉的温度升至240-300℃时，裂解炉内物质已完成干燥并开始热解，完成物料热解的温度为500-850℃，为裂解最终温度；在该温度范围内也就是生成可燃气体和炭黑的阶段，为了防止残渣熔融，需保持在950℃以下，同时在此阶段中，当固体残渣与其他高温分解的产物分开后，蒸汽产物迅速通过热交换器进行激冷，阻止大的油分子进一步裂解，避免形成不符合产品所需要求的产物；
7. 可燃气体收集系统中，除利用现有的水封安全设备外，另增加有毒气体二恶英捕捉装置，及可燃气体的清洁装置(如碱液清洗器，以便消除HCl和残余的硫化物)，二恶英捕捉装置是由两组装有有机溶剂的水封式设备组成，该方法是依据二恶英气体的熔点较高、极难溶于水，但溶于大部分有机溶剂的特性而设立的；
8. 可燃气体输送及储存：可燃气体输送系统由始于可燃气体收集系统中的尾端输气管，经专用燃气压缩机将燃气压缩到0.5Mpa时，同时起到第一级的气体脱水作用；再将可燃气体送第二级专用燃气压缩机，将燃气压缩到1Mpa时，同时起到二次燃气脱水作用，再将可燃气体送入燃气储存库作为燃气发电用途；
9. 裂解剩余固体残炭利用：当固体残渣经热裂解炉自动卸出后，由水封熄火槽急冷，从中回收残渣中的重金属，以免再造成燃煤在燃烧过程中所产生的重金属飞灰造成二次污染，通过螺带式输送管道直接送入固体燃料生产线，该生产线由风选组机为起点，进入高能低硫煤的生产工艺(该工艺及设备线发明人已申请发明专利，专利号为[20101048172.5])，其污泥炭黑与高能低硫煤原料比配为30%：70%，最后得到高能低硫煤；
10. 裂解炉反应尾气处理：裂解炉反应后产生的烟气经除尘脱硫设备进一步净化处理，将气体成分和固体沉渣加以分离，然后将尾气进行处理，将沉渣进行过滤处理。
本发明所述的技术方案采取了全封闭的系统来完成，具体来讲，本发明所述的全封闭式设备系统包括裂解炉1、油气分离与存储设备2、可燃气体收集与存储设备3、固体燃料生产设备4和裂解炉烟气处理设备5，各部分为全封闭结构，各部分的连接和功能如下所述：
1、 裂解炉1具有裂解炉外壳11、位于外壳内部的保温隔热层12、位于保温隔热层内的反应釜13，裂解炉1借助排烟口14将反应过程中产生的烟气送至裂解炉烟气处理设备5进行处理，反应釜13具有三个出口，分别是进料口15、气化物出口16和出渣口17；其中，污泥和废旧塑料由进料口15进入裂解炉中，产生的气化物由气化物出口16进入油气分离设备2，油气分离设备2又与可燃气体收集与存储设备3相连，反应后产生的固体残渣经出渣口17进入固体燃料生产设备4；裂解炉1的底部还具有地坑18和地桥19；
2、 油气分离与存储设备2包括提供给裂解炉负压的负压装置20，裂解炉1中产生的油气混合气体依次通过气油分离器21、一级冷凝器22、水封式气油分离器23、水封装置24、卧式冷凝器25，最后将气和油两相分离，液相通过混合油容器26进入混合储油罐27中存储，气相经燃气中和水洗器28和水封式燃气混合安全输出器29输送至可燃气体收集与存储设备3；
3、 可燃气体收集与存储设备3包括燃气输入管31、二恶英捕捉装置32、燃气压缩机组33和燃气输出管34，二恶英捕捉装置32由水封式设备构成，包括两个反应容器321，具有化学液体加入口322，内盛有机溶剂323，可以溶解二恶英，容器底部具有出水口324；
4、 固体燃料生产设备4包括与裂解炉1的出渣口17相连的水封熄火槽41、螺带式输送管道42、进入高能低硫煤的生产工艺过程，最后得到高能低硫煤；高能低硫煤的生产设备包括炭黑储备池61、臭氧氧化床62、热蒸汽处理器63、原煤加入机64、干式混合器65、添加剂喷雾加入器66、湿式混合器67、立式搅拌器68、固硫剂、助燃剂添加器69、稀有黑金属催化剂喷雾加入器70、高能煤形成机71、形煤输送带72、热风干燥机73、成品输送带74和风选系统设备75；
5、 裂解炉烟气处理设备5包括除尘脱硫设备51、水蒸汽囱52和过滤式沉渣池53，裂解炉中的反应后烟气经除尘脱硫设备净化后得到无污染的气体经水蒸汽囱排出，沉降下来的固定沉渣进入过滤式沉渣池中过滤处理；其中，除尘脱硫设备51包括连接炉体方形管道81、双塔形湿式气固分离器82、水气缓冲室83、双重碳渣过滤器84、方形引风管85、引风器86、冷却塔87、烟囱组合中部的热交换器88、烟囱组合下部的碳水分离器89、后级循环碱性冷水管90、泵91、过滤式沉渣池92、水泵93、前级循环冷水管94和冷水管95。
本发明所述的技术方案的有益效果如下所述：
1、 通过本发明的系统及生产方法，能有效地、安全地、环保地使带污染性、不可贮存性的城市污泥转化为以可燃气、燃料油和低硫环保高能煤为主的可贮存性能源，具有多功能的转化作用；
2、 上述的全部生产过程中均在全密封设备中进行，由于缺氧分解，排气量少，减轻了对大气环境的二次污染；
3、 本发明所述的系统有效的改变了现有污泥与固体燃料混合燃烧或使用单项设备进行污泥裂解造气、造油的过程中，产生二恶英等有毒气体以及重金属飞灰排放所带来的二次严重污染的缺陷，真正能起到污泥处理项目的无害化处理，以及有害物质转化为可贮存能源的全部再生利用。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述的设备系统的示意图，由图可知，本发明申请所述的设备系统包括裂解炉1、油气分离与存储设备2、可燃气体收集与存储设备3、固体燃料生产设备4和裂解炉烟气处理设备5，各部分为全封闭结构，原料由进料口进入裂解炉中；
图2是本发明所述的设备系统的裂解炉结构示意图，1为裂解炉、11为裂解炉外壳、12为位于外壳内部的保温隔热层、13为位于保温隔热层内的反应釜， 14为排烟口、15为进料口、16为气化物出口、17为出渣口；
图3是本发明所述的设备系统的油气分离和存储设备和裂解炉烟气处理设备结构示意图，其中1为裂解炉，为地坑、19为地桥、41为水封熄火槽、42为螺带式输送管道、20为负压装置，21为气油分离器、22为一级冷凝器、23为水封式气油分离器、24为水封装置、25为卧式冷凝器，26为混合油容器、27为混合储油罐，28为燃气中和水洗器、29为水封式燃气混合安全输出器，51为除尘脱硫设备、52为水蒸汽囱，53为过滤式沉渣池；
图4是本发明所述的设备系统的可燃气体收集与存储设备结构示意图，31为燃气输入管、32为二恶英捕捉装置、33为燃气压缩机组、34为燃气输出管，二恶英捕捉装置32由水封式设备构成，321为反应容器，322为化学液体加入口，323为有机溶剂， 324为出水口；
图5是本发明所述的设备系统的固体燃料生产设备结构示意图，其中，42为螺带式输送管道、61为炭黑储备池、62为臭氧氧化床、63为热蒸汽处理器、64为原煤加入机、65为干式混合器、66为添加剂喷雾加入器、67为湿式混合器、68为立式搅拌器、69为固硫剂、助燃剂添加器、70为稀有黑金属催化剂喷雾加入器、71为高能煤形成机、72为形煤输送带、73为热风干燥机、74为成品输送带、75为风选系统设备；
图6是本发明所述的设备系统的裂解炉烟气处理设备中的除尘脱硫设备51的结构示意图，81为连接炉体方形管道、82为双塔形湿式气固分离器、83为水气缓冲室、84为双重碳渣过滤器、85为方形引风管、86为引风器、87为冷却塔、88为烟囱组合中部的热交换器、89为烟囱组合下部的碳水分离器、90为后级循环碱性冷水管、91为泵、92为过滤式沉渣池、93为水泵、94为前级循环冷水管、95为冷水管。
 具体实施方式
下面以具体的实施例说明本发明所述的将城市污泥转化为可贮存的燃气、燃料油、固体燃料的全套生产方法及设备系统，应当理解的是实施例中所作的说明是为了公众更好的理解本发明所述的技术内容，而不是对本发明所述的技术内容的限制，事实上，在不违反本发明所述的技术内容的发明精神之内所做的改进都在本发明申请保护的范围之内。
本实施以含水量为30%的城市污泥进行处理的过程及结果为例：凡有其之原理和基本结构与本实施例相同或近似的均在本发明保护范围之内。
① 将水含量为30%的3.5吨污泥，及含水量为40%的废塑料1.5吨(作为助溶剂)经专用自动化投料机送入裂解炉，并加入80.5公升的氧化钙；
② 裂解炉在升温至80℃时再加入31.75公斤锌类催化剂及127公斤铝类催化造气剂经进料口进入裂解炉，并打开负压装置，裂解炉的热源使用燃料油燃烧加热；
③ 从加热开始至裂解完成所需时间28小时，所用燃油385kg，裂解炉终温为660℃，所得混合燃油1.91吨，裂解剩余物(粗碳黑)1.7吨，可得可燃烧气体650立方米，在整个生产过程中无气体排放；
④ 可燃气体经二次加压脱水后以1Mpa压力下进入燃气库贮存；
⑤ 使用贮存的可燃气体由燃气库输出，并减压为0.3Mpa进入500kw/h内混式燃气发电机，发电可得发电量为2125度，在发电过程中产生的热气经热回收再利用系统换成热空气，供造煤生产线利用；
⑥ 裂解剩余物(粗碳黑)经水封急冷设备处理清除重金属尘后，再由密封式螺带输送入造煤生产线，经生产线的第一道风选工序后，所得600目以上的残渣作为生产油煤乳化油备用，600目以下的残渣作为混合高能低硫环保煤材料，经专用生产线制造型煤；
经上述实例的生产程序(设备)及方法，实施了对城市污泥全密封处理的无废气排放，无二恶英气体排放，无二次污染的环保处理并由一种由有害物质转化为无害的可贮存能源，此种全部再生利用工程，是一种安全的城市污泥处理方法及处理设备系统。

Claims (10)

1.一种全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：在全封闭式的设备系统中将所有污泥转化为可贮存的燃气、燃料油和固体燃料。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：将污泥与废旧塑料或废旧轮胎按比例配合放入反应釜中混炼，废旧塑料或废旧轮胎作为助溶剂。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：所述的反应釜为一种无轴鳍型装置、摆砣式无轴刮壁反应釜，该反应釜可顺逆方向360°旋转。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：污泥与废旧塑料或废旧轮胎的混炼比例为：污泥占总重量的60%以上，废旧塑料或废旧轮胎占总重量的40%以下。
5. 根据权利要求2-4中任意一项所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：在所述的反应釜的初始升温开始时加入氧化钙作为杀菌、脱氯、发热剂，其加入量按物料的水含量计为2-10%。
6. 根据权利要求2-4中任意一项所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：在所述的反应釜内加入的催化剂为锌类催化剂，加入量为1-3%。
7. 根据权利要求2-4中任意一项所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：在所述的反应釜内加入的造气剂为铝类造气剂，加入量为2-4%。
8. 根据权利要求2-4中任意一项所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法，其特征在于：所述的反应釜的终温度控制在950°℃ 以下。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的全封闭式处理城市污泥的方法所需要的全封闭式的设备系统，其特征在于：所述的设备系统包括反应釜、油气分离与存储设备、可燃气体收集与存储设备、固体燃料生产设备和反应釜烟气处理设备。
10. 根据权利要求9所述的全封闭式的设备系统，其特征在于：可燃气体收集设备中装有二恶英有毒气体捕捉装置，装置内的液体为丙酮。
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