WO2019237695A1 - 水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法 - Google Patents

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2019237695A1
WO2019237695A1 PCT/CN2018/121411 CN2018121411W WO2019237695A1 WO 2019237695 A1 WO2019237695 A1 WO 2019237695A1 CN 2018121411 W CN2018121411 W CN 2018121411W WO 2019237695 A1 WO2019237695 A1 WO 2019237695A1
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Prior art keywords
garbage
steam
waste
power generation
heat boiler
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PCT/CN2018/121411
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨宏宜
方明
王朝雄
陈慧
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南京凯盛开能环保能源有限公司
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Publication of WO2019237695A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237695A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of municipal solid waste treatment, for example, to a cement kiln co-processing domestic waste power generation system and method.
  • waste incineration method Although some cities have established waste incineration and power plants, the waste incineration method has a small amount of treatment. The treatment process is accompanied by emissions of harmful gases (dioxins), sewage (landfill leachate), and waste residue (high content of heavy metals). There is some controversy over the waste incineration law.
  • the disclosure provides a cement kiln co-processing domestic waste power generation system and method, which combines three process technologies of cement production, waste disposal, and waste power generation, and is a method for removing waste gas, ash residue, and landfill leachate from waste incineration. Harm treatment and effective use of waste treatment technology.
  • the present disclosure provides a cement kiln co-processing domestic waste power generation system, including a garbage receiving and storage system, an incineration system, a leachate treatment system, an odor treatment system, a waste heat boiler system, a steam turbine power generation system, and a flue gas purification system, and waste reception.
  • the storage system includes a discharging hall, a garbage storage pit and a feeding device, wherein the garbage storage pit is in communication with the discharging hall; a garbage truck and a grab bucket connected to the garbage truck are arranged above the garbage storage pit, and the garbage truck is set as The garbage in the garbage storage pit is sent to the feeding device through a grab, and the feeding device is connected to an incineration system; the incineration system includes a steam-air preheater and a grate furnace connected to the steam-air preheater; a waste heat boiler The system includes a waste heat boiler, a grate furnace and a waste heat boiler connection; the leachate treatment system includes a landfill leachate pond and a leachate treatment station connected to the landfill leachate pond, and the landfill leachate pond is connected to a garbage storage pit; The odor treatment system is connected to a garbage storage pit; the steam turbine power generation system is connected to a waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is set as Cooler connected; the flue
  • the grate furnace uses a forward-type grate or a reverse-type grate.
  • the odor treatment system includes a washing tower and an activated carbon adsorption and deodorization device.
  • the waste heat boiler is a horizontal boiler
  • the steam parameters of the waste heat boiler are selected to be a steam pressure of 4.0 MPa and a steam temperature of 400 degrees Celsius.
  • the steam turbine power generation system includes a steam turbine and a main steam bypass system, and both the steam turbine and the main steam bypass system are connected to the waste heat boiler.
  • the steam-air preheater is a two-stage preheated steam-air preheater.
  • the steam-air preheater is connected to the waste heat boiler and the turbine power generation system, and is configured to connect the first-stage steam, The second-stage steam and air exchange heat in countercurrent.
  • the first-stage steam comes from the steam extraction of the turbine power generation system
  • the second-stage steam comes from the drum of the waste heat boiler
  • the air comes from the malodorous gas generated from the garbage storage pit.
  • the waste heat boiler adopts a structural arrangement of three vertical channels and one horizontal channel connected in sequence.
  • the three vertical channels are cavity cooling channels, and evaporators connected in sequence are arranged in the horizontal channel. , Superheater and economizer.
  • the present disclosure provides a power generation method for a cement kiln co-processing domestic garbage power generation system, which includes: sending garbage in a garbage storage pit to a feeding device through a grab; and performing garbage in the feeding device (6) through a grate furnace. Drying, gasification and incineration, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration of garbage in the grate furnace passes the waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam to drive the steam turbine power generation system to generate electricity; the flue gas from the waste heat boiler outlet is sent to the grate cooler to make the flue gas and The cement clinker is sent to the decomposition furnace as tertiary air after heat exchange.
  • the high temperature and alkaline conditions in the decomposition furnace are used to absorb and treat the harmful gases generated by the incineration of the garbage, so that the toxic organic matter is completely decomposed, and the flue gas can also replace the decomposition.
  • the slag after combustion in the grate furnace is transported to the cement raw material system through the slag discharger to participate in the batching and grinding into raw meal powder, and then calcined into the cement clinker by the rotary kiln system.
  • the harmful elements of heavy metals are solid-dissolved in the clinker; the garbage leachate collected from the garbage storage pit is sent to the garbage leachate pond, and the qualified product water treated by the leachate treatment station enters the power station's circulating pool as a cycle Replenishment of the water system, concentrated water is sprayed into the garbage grate or the preheater of the cement kiln for high-temperature incineration to achieve the purpose of harmless treatment; when the cement kiln is operating normally, the odor-containing air is removed from the garbage storage pit The upper air inlet is sucked out, and the sucked air is used as cooling combustion air, and the sucked air is heated by a steam-air preheater.
  • a supplemental combustion diesel method is used to ensure that the grate furnace can stably catch fire and combustion.
  • the technical method provided by the present disclosure combines the grate and furnace co-processing of domestic waste with the high-temperature decomposition capability of the cement kiln system to make the waste decomposition or cracking more complete.
  • the heat of incineration high-temperature flue gas is used to generate superheated steam to drive the steam turbine generator. Electricity meets the requirements of the cement production line, which greatly reduces the emission of harmful gases, sewage and waste residue.
  • FIG. 1 is a processing flowchart of a cement kiln co-processing domestic garbage power generation system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cement kiln co-processing domestic garbage power generation system according to an embodiment.
  • the cement burning system can be used to dissolve the odor and toxic substances in the waste treatment process; on the other hand, the ash generated from waste incineration can be used as a cement mixed material, and the toxic materials in the waste are toxic.
  • the substance can be decomposed into corresponding inorganic substances and heavy metals and solidified in cement clinker.
  • part of the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the cement kiln system can be used as a supplementary heat source or all heat sources for waste incineration, making the waste incineration process more complete, and thereby reducing dioxin emissions.
  • FIG. 1 is a processing flowchart of a cement kiln co-processing domestic garbage power generation system according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cement kiln co-processing domestic garbage power generation system according to an embodiment.
  • This embodiment provides a power generation system for co-processing domestic garbage in a cement kiln, including a garbage receiving and storage system, an incineration system, a leachate treatment system, an odor treatment system, a waste heat boiler system, a steam turbine power generation system, and a flue gas purification system.
  • This embodiment combines three process technologies of cement production, waste disposal, and waste power generation to form a waste treatment technology. In addition to the advantages of traditional waste incineration, this technology also solves dioxin and waste ash well. Difficulties in slag handling.
  • the garbage receiving and storage system includes a dumping hall 1, a garbage storage pit 3 and a feeding device 6 connected to the dumping hall 1.
  • a garbage truck 5 and a grab bucket 4 connected to the garbage truck 5 are arranged above the garbage storage pit 3.
  • the bucket 4 is configured to take garbage from the garbage storage pit 3 and send the garbage to the feeding device 6, which is connected to the incineration system;
  • the incineration system includes a steam-air preheater 8 and a grate furnace 7, and a waste heat boiler system Including waste heat boiler 10, steam-air preheater 8 is connected to grate furnace 7, grate furnace 7 is connected to waste heat boiler 10;
  • leachate treatment system includes landfill leachate tank 2 and leachate connected to landfill leachate tank 2.
  • Liquid treatment station landfill leachate pond 2 is connected to waste storage pit 3; odor treatment system is connected to waste storage pit 3; waste heat boiler 10 is connected to grate furnace 7, turbine power generation system is connected to waste heat boiler 10, waste heat boiler 10 Set to connect to the grate cooler; the flue gas purification system is set to connect to the grate cooler.
  • the slag after the garbage is burned in the grate furnace 7 is transported to the cement raw material system through the slag discharger 9 to participate in the batching, grinding into raw meal powder, and then calcined into the cement clinker through the rotary kiln system.
  • the harmful elements of heavy metals are solid-solved in the cooked Expected.
  • the landfill leachate After the landfill leachate is collected, it enters the landfill leachate pool 2. After passing through the landfill leachate treatment equipment, the qualified product water enters the circulating pool of the power station as supplementary water for the circulating water system. The concentrated water is sprayed into the garbage grate 7 or the cement kiln. The preheater at the end of the kiln is incinerated at high temperature to achieve the purpose of harmless treatment.
  • the waste heat boiler 10 of this embodiment has a horizontal structure. Compared with a vertical boiler, the horizontal boiler is easier to maintain, has less corrosion and wear, and has a longer service life. Considering the availability and reliability of the system, the steam parameters of the boiler are selected at medium temperature and medium pressure conditions (4.0 MPa (MPa), 400 degrees Celsius (°C)), and medium temperature and high pressure conditions (6.5 MPa, 450 ° C) system Both costs and maintenance costs are high.
  • the steam turbine power generation system of this embodiment is provided with a main steam bypass system.
  • the main steam bypass system includes valve accessories, bypass steam pipes, bypass desuperheating and pressure reducing devices, and bypass condensers (the main condenser is also used as a bypass condenser) in order.
  • the waste heat boiler 10 is connected to the main steam bypass system to ensure that the steam water system can still meet the requirements for the normal operation of the incinerator and the waste heat boiler 10 when the turbine is shut down or operated under reduced load for some reason. When the waste heat boiler 10 is started or shut down, the steam temperature and superheat are relatively low. It is not allowed to enter the turbine.
  • the steam enters the bypass desuperheater and reducer through the bypass steam pipe, and is discharged into the bypass after decompression and decompression.
  • the condenser is condensed into water, and finally the condensate pump is driven into the deaerator for recycling.
  • the main steam can enter the bypass desuperheater and reducer through the bypass steam pipe. Finally discharged into the condenser for recycling.
  • the steam-air preheater 8 is a two-stage preheated steam-air preheater.
  • the steam-air preheater 8 is connected to a waste heat boiler and a turbine power generation system, and is configured to connect the first-stage steam and
  • the second-stage steam and air are subjected to countercurrent heat exchange, the first-stage steam comes from the steam extraction of the turbine power generation system, and the second-stage steam comes from the drum of the waste heat boiler 10.
  • the waste heat boiler adopts a structural arrangement of three vertical channels and one horizontal channel connected in sequence.
  • the three vertical channels are cavity cooling channels, and evaporators connected in sequence are arranged in the horizontal channel. , Superheater and economizer.
  • This embodiment provides a method for co-processing domestic garbage in a cement kiln, which includes the following steps: a garbage truck unloads the garbage into the garbage storage pit 3, and pays attention to picking out extra large pieces of garbage when transporting the garbage. (Less, no need to sort and crush).
  • Garbage storage is divided into stacks. Two garbage trucks 5 are set up above the garbage storage pit 3 as backups for each other. One garbage truck 5 is set to turn over the garbage, and the other garbage truck 5 is set to catch the garbage.
  • the upper hopper of the feeding device 6, the feeding device 6 then transports the garbage to the grate furnace 7 for combustion.
  • the flue gas higher than 880 ° C passes the waste heat boiler 10 to generate superheated steam to drive the turbine generator to generate electricity.
  • the outlet of the waste heat boiler 10 is about 200 ° C.
  • the flue gas is sent to the section of the grate cooler, heated by 1400 ° C cement clinker to above 950 ° C, and sent to the decomposition furnace as the third wind.
  • the combustion air of the grate furnace 7 is derived from the malodorous gas generated from the 3 pits of the garbage storage.
  • the steam-air preheater 8 heats the gas from 20 ° C to 220 ° C as primary air. Among them, the steam-air preheater 8 First-stage steam, second-stage steam and air are subjected to countercurrent heat exchange.
  • the first-stage steam comes from the steam extraction of the turbine power generation system
  • the second-stage steam comes from the drum of the waste heat boiler 10
  • the air comes from the malodorous gas generated from the garbage storage pit 3.
  • the garbage is dried, burned and burned out in the grate furnace 7.
  • the slag produced by the coordinated disposal of waste is transported to the cement raw material system for batching, grinding into raw meal powder, and then calcined into cement clinker by the rotary kiln system, and the harmful elements of heavy metals are solid-dissolved in the clinker.
  • the odor-containing air is sucked out from the air inlet in the upper part of the garbage storage pit.
  • the sucked air is used as cooling combustion air and the steam-air preheater is used to heat the sucked air.
  • the odor of the storage pit does not overflow, leading all the way to the grate cooler, and using the grate cooler to pyrolyze the high temperature clinker.
  • the foul gas is discharged through the air ducts and vents on the upper part of the garbage storage pit. It is sent to the odor treatment system for treatment, and is discharged into the atmosphere by an exhaust fan after reaching the national odor emission standard.
  • the supplemental combustion diesel is adopted to ensure the stable ignition and combustion in the grate furnace 7.
  • the workshop operates under a slight negative pressure to create a hygienic and healthy working environment for the staff.
  • the malodorous gas is sent to a dedicated washing tower and activated carbon adsorption deodorization device 11, which is discharged after purification.
  • the technical solution provided by the present disclosure is simple in operation, stable in operation, low in investment, and low in impact on the cement line and the environment, and has the following characteristics:
  • the processing temperature is high.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the grate furnace enters the cement kiln system and has a long residence time in a high temperature region above 850 ° C. Organic substances such as dioxins are more completely decomposed, and the incineration removal rate can reach 99.99%.
  • This scheme does not need to sort garbage, and the status of cooperative disposal is stable.
  • the use of a grate furnace can stably treat municipal waste, which is suitable for collaborative disposal of unsorted waste; the cement firing system has the characteristics of high temperature and stable operation.
  • the solid-phase alkaline environment atmosphere determines the alkaline solid-phase atmosphere in the firing system, effectively inhibits the emission of acidic substances, and stabilizes the synthetic salts of chemical components such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chlorine (Cl).
  • SO2 sulfur dioxide
  • Cl chlorine
  • the amount of "dioxins" produced after co-processing is greatly reduced, and acid gases such as X sulfur oxide (SOx) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) are controlled to be discharged from the chimney.
  • the combustion process is full.
  • the garbage pyrolysis gas is in a high temperature combustion process. Acidic and toxic gases are absorbed by the alkaline raw materials, and toxic substances such as dioxin are decomposed again at high temperature, which greatly reduces the harmful gases.
  • Curing heavy metal ions Utilizing the calcination process of the rotary kiln system of the cement industry to treat garbage, the heavy metal ions in the garbage can be solidified in clinker minerals, preventing the heavy metal ions from infiltrating and spreading again to pollute water quality and soil.
  • the organic matter in domestic waste is mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which can be decomposed in the high temperature environment of the cement kiln system.
  • the inorganic matter in domestic waste is mainly silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium needed for cement raw materials. The main components will not affect the product quality of cement.

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Abstract

一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法。该发电系统包括垃圾接收与贮存系统、焚烧系统、渗滤液处理系统、臭气处理系统、余热锅炉系统、汽轮发电系统以及烟气净化系统，其中，接收与贮存系统包括卸料大厅(1)、垃圾储存坑(3)和进料装置(6)，其中，垃圾储存坑(3)与卸料大厅(1)连通；垃圾储存坑(3)上方设有垃圾行车(5)及与垃圾行车(5)连接的抓斗(4)，垃圾行车(5)设置为通过抓斗(4)将垃圾储存坑(3)内的垃圾送至进料装置(6)，进料装置(6)与焚烧系统相连；焚烧系统包括蒸汽-空气预热器(8)和与蒸汽-空气预热器(8)连接的炉排炉(7)，余热锅炉系统包括余热锅炉(10)，余热锅炉(10)和炉排炉(7)连接；渗滤液处理系统包括垃圾渗滤液池(2)和与垃圾渗滤液池(2)连接的渗沥液处理站，垃圾渗滤液池(2)与垃圾储存坑(3)相连；臭气处理系统与垃圾储存坑(3)相连；汽轮发电系统与余热锅炉(10)相连，余热锅炉(10)设置为与篦冷机相连；烟气净化系统设置为与篦冷机相连。

Description

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法
本公开要求在2018年06月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810613415.4的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及城市生活垃圾处理领域，例如涉及一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，生活垃圾的排放也越来越多。这些数量庞大的生活垃圾已对城市及城市周围的生态环境构成日趋严重的威胁。传统的垃圾处理方法有填埋法、堆肥法和焚烧法。
虽然一些城市建立了垃圾焚烧和发电厂，但垃圾焚烧法存在处理量少，处理过程伴随着有害的气体(二噁英)、污水(垃圾渗滤液)以及废渣(重金属含量高)等排放问题，垃圾焚烧法存在一定的争议。
发明内容
本公开提供一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法，将水泥生产、垃圾处置以及垃圾发电三种工艺技术相结合，是一种对垃圾焚烧产生的废气、灰渣及垃圾渗滤液进行无害化处理及有效利用的垃圾处理技术。
本公开提供一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，包括垃圾接收与贮存系统、焚烧系统、渗滤液处理系统、臭气处理系统、余热锅炉系统、汽轮发电系统以及烟气净化系统，垃圾接收与贮存系统包括卸料大厅、垃圾储存坑和进料装置，其中，垃圾储存坑与所述卸料大厅连通；垃圾储存坑上方设有垃圾行车及与垃圾行车连接的抓斗，垃圾行车设置为通过抓斗将垃圾储存坑内的垃圾送至进料装置，进料装置与焚烧系统相连；所述焚烧系统包括蒸汽-空气预热器和与蒸汽-空气预热器连接的炉排炉；余热锅炉系统包括余热锅炉，炉排炉和余热锅炉连接；所述渗滤液处理系统包括垃圾渗滤液池和与垃圾渗滤液池连接的渗沥液处理站，垃圾渗滤液池与垃圾储存坑相连；所述臭气处理系统与垃圾储存坑相连；所述汽轮发电系统与余热锅炉相连，余热锅炉设置为与篦冷机相连； 所述烟气净化系统设置为与篦冷机相连。
在一实施例中，所述炉排炉采用顺推式炉排或逆推式炉排。
在一实施例中，所述臭气处理系统包括洗涤塔以及活性炭吸附除臭装置。
在一实施例中，所述余热锅炉为卧式锅炉，余热锅炉的蒸汽参数选用蒸汽压力4.0兆帕，蒸汽温度400摄氏度。
在一实施例中，所述汽轮发电系统包括汽轮机以及主蒸汽旁路系统，汽轮机和主蒸汽旁路系统均与所述余热锅炉连接。
在一实施例中，所述蒸汽-空气预热器为两级预热蒸汽-空气预热器，蒸汽-空气预热器与余热锅炉以及汽轮发电系统相连，设置为将第一级蒸汽、第二级蒸汽和空气逆流换热，第一级蒸汽来自汽轮发电系统抽汽，第二级蒸汽来自余热锅炉的汽包，空气来自垃圾储存坑产生的恶臭气体。
在一实施例中，所述余热锅炉采用依次连接的三个垂直通道以及一个水平通道的结构布置方式，三个垂直通道均为空腔冷却通道，并在水平通道内布置有依次连接的蒸发器、过热器和省煤器。
本公开提供一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统的发电方法，包括：将垃圾储存坑中的垃圾通过抓斗送至进料装置；通过炉排炉对进料装置(6)中的垃圾进行干燥、气化和焚烧，并将垃圾在炉排炉内焚烧产生的高温烟气经过余热锅炉产生过热蒸汽驱动汽轮发电系统发电；将余热锅炉出口烟气送入篦冷机以使烟气与水泥熟料换热后作为三次风送入分解炉，利用分解炉内的高温碱性条件，吸收和处理垃圾焚烧产生的有害气体，使有毒有机物彻底分解，且还可使所述烟气替代分解炉的部分燃料；其中，炉排炉的燃烧空气来源于垃圾储存坑产生的恶臭气体，含有恶臭气体的空气经过蒸汽-空气预热器预热后作为一次风送入炉排炉；将垃圾在炉排炉内燃烧后的炉渣经出渣机输送到水泥原料系统参与配料以及粉磨成生料粉，再经过回转窑系统煅烧成水泥熟料，以使重金属有害元素被固溶在熟料里；将从垃圾储存坑收集到的垃圾渗滤液送入垃圾渗滤液池，经渗沥液处理站处理后合格的产水进入电站的循环水池，作为循环水系统的补水，浓水喷入垃圾炉排炉或者水泥窑窑尾预热器进行高温焚烧，以达到无害化处理的目的；当水泥窑正常运行时，含有臭气的空气从垃圾存储坑上部的吸风口吸出，将吸出的空气作为冷却助燃空气并通过蒸汽-空气预热器对将吸出的空气进行加热，另外为了保证垃圾存储坑的臭气不外溢，引一路空气至篦 冷机，利用篦冷机高温熟料热解；当在水泥窑停窑检修时，恶臭气体通过垃圾存储坑的上部的风管和风口排出，送入臭气处理系统处理，达到国家恶臭排放标准后由排风机排放到大气中。
在一实施例中，在炉排炉内的垃圾热值低于1000千卡/千克(kcal/kg)或水分过大的情况下，采用补烧柴油的方式保证炉排炉内能稳定着火和燃烧。
本公开提供的技术方法生活垃圾的炉排炉协同处置与水泥窑系统高温分解能力相结合，使得垃圾分解或裂解更为彻底，利用焚烧高温烟气热量，产生过热蒸汽驱动汽轮机发电机，增加的电量满足水泥生产线用，大大减少了有害气体、污水以及废渣的排放。
附图说明
图1是一实施例提供的水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统的处理流程图。
图2是一实施例提供的水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统的结构示意图。
图中标记说明：1-卸料大厅；2-垃圾渗滤液池；3-垃圾储存坑；4-抓斗；5-行车；6-进料装置；7-炉排炉；8-蒸汽-空气预热器；9-出渣机；10-余热锅炉；11-洗涤塔+活性炭吸附除臭装置。
具体实施方式
利用水泥窑协同处理城市生活垃圾，一方面可以利用水泥烧成系统消解垃圾处理过程中的臭气及有毒物质；另一方面，垃圾焚烧产生的灰渣可作为水泥混合材使用，垃圾中的有毒物质能够分解成相应的无机物和重金属固化在水泥熟料中。同时，水泥窑系统产生的部分高温废气可以作为垃圾焚烧的补充热源或者全部热源，使垃圾的焚烧过程更加充分，进而降低二噁英的排放。
以下结合附图和实施例对本公开提供的方案进行说明。
图1是一实施例提供的水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统的处理流程图；图2是一实施例提供的水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统的结构示意图。
本实施例提供一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾的发电系统，包括垃圾接收与贮存系统、焚烧系统、渗滤液处理系统、臭气处理系统、余热锅炉系统、汽轮发电系统以及烟气净化系统。本实施例将水泥生产、垃圾处置以及垃圾发电三种工艺技术相结合，形成一种垃圾处理技术，该技术除了具有传统垃圾焚烧法 的优点外，还很好地解决了二噁英及垃圾灰渣处理的难题。
垃圾接收与贮存系统包括卸料大厅1、与卸料大厅1连通的垃圾储存坑3和进料装置6；垃圾储存坑3上方设有垃圾行车5及与垃圾行车5连接的抓斗4，抓斗4设置为从垃圾储存坑3中获取垃圾并将垃圾送至进料装置6，进料装置6与焚烧系统相连；焚烧系统包括蒸汽-空气预热器8和炉排炉7，余热锅炉系统包括余热锅炉10，蒸汽-空气预热器8和炉排炉7连接，炉排炉7和余热锅炉10连接；渗滤液处理系统包括垃圾渗滤液池2和与垃圾渗滤液池2相连的渗沥液处理站，垃圾渗滤液池2与垃圾储存坑3相连；臭气处理系统与垃圾储存坑3相连；余热锅炉10与炉排炉7相连，汽轮发电系统与余热锅炉10相连，余热锅炉10设置为与篦冷机相连；烟气净化系统设置为与篦冷机相连。垃圾在炉排炉7内燃烧后的炉渣经出渣机9输送到水泥原料系统参与配料、粉磨成生料粉，再经过回转窑系统煅烧成水泥熟料，重金属有害元素被固溶在熟料里。垃圾渗滤液经过收集后进入垃圾渗滤液池2，经垃圾渗滤液处理设备处理后合格的产水进入电站的循环水池，作为循环水系统的补水，浓水喷入垃圾炉排炉7或者水泥窑窑尾预热器，经过高温焚烧，达到无害化处理的目的。
本实施例的余热锅炉10为卧式结构，与立式锅炉相比，卧式锅炉更容易维修，腐蚀及磨损较少，使用寿命较长。考虑到系统的可利用率以及可靠性，锅炉的蒸汽参数选用中温中压工况(4.0兆帕(MPa)，400摄氏度(℃))，而中温次高压工况(6.5MPa，450℃)系统成本及运营维修费都较高。
本实施例的汽轮发电系统设置主蒸汽旁路系统。主蒸汽旁路系统包括依次连接的阀门附件、旁路蒸汽管道、旁路减温减压器以及旁路凝汽器(主凝汽器兼用作旁路凝汽器使用)等。余热锅炉10与主蒸汽旁路系统连接以保证汽轮机因故停机或降负荷运行时，汽水系统仍能满足焚烧炉及余热锅炉10正常运行的要求。当余热锅炉10启动或停炉过程中，蒸汽的温度、过热度都比较低不允许进去汽轮机，蒸汽通过旁路蒸汽管道进入旁路减温减压器，经减温减压后排入旁路凝汽器凝结成水，最后由凝结水泵打入除氧器循环利用；当汽轮机故障停机时，为维持焚烧炉的连续运行，主蒸汽可通过旁路蒸汽管道进入旁路减温减压器，最后排入凝汽器回收利用。
在一实施例中，蒸汽-空气预热器8为两级预热蒸汽-空气预热器，蒸汽-空气预热器8与余热锅炉以及汽轮发电系统连接，设置为将第一级蒸汽以及第二 级蒸汽和空气进行逆流换热，第一级蒸汽来自汽轮发电系统抽汽，第二级蒸汽来自余热锅炉10的汽包。
在一实施例中，所述余热锅炉采用依次连接的三个垂直通道以及一个水平通道的结构布置方式，三个垂直通道均为空腔冷却通道，并在水平通道内布置有依次连接的蒸发器、过热器和省煤器。
本实施例提供一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾的方法，包括如下步骤：垃圾运输车将垃圾卸到垃圾储存坑3内，装运垃圾时注意将特大块垃圾拣出(城市生活垃圾一般特大块很少，基本不需分拣和破碎)。垃圾储存采用分区堆放，垃圾储存坑3上方设有两台垃圾行车5，互为备用，一台垃圾行车5设置为对垃圾进行翻堆，另一台垃圾行车5设置为将垃圾抓送到进料装置6上部料斗，进料装置6再将垃圾输送到炉排炉7里燃烧，高于880℃的烟气经过余热锅炉10产生过热蒸汽驱动汽轮机发电机发电，余热锅炉10出口约200℃的烟气送入篦冷机一段，被1400℃的水泥熟料加热至950℃以上，作为三次风送入分解炉。炉排炉7的燃烧空气来源于垃圾储3坑产生的恶臭气体，经过蒸汽-空气预热器8把气体从20℃加热到220℃作为一次风，其中，蒸汽-空气预热器8将第一级蒸汽、第二级蒸汽和空气进行逆流换热，第一级蒸汽来自汽轮发电系统抽汽，第二级蒸汽来自余热锅炉10的汽包，空气来自垃圾储存坑3产生的恶臭气体；，垃圾在炉排炉7里干燥、燃烧、燃尽。垃圾协同处置产生的炉渣输送到水泥原料系统参与配料、粉磨成生料粉，再经过回转窑系统煅烧成水泥熟料，重金属有害元素被固溶在熟料里。
当水泥窑正常运行时，含有臭气的空气从垃圾存储坑上部的吸风口吸出，将吸出的空气作为冷却助燃空气并通过蒸汽-空气预热器对将吸出的空气进行加热，另外为了保证垃圾存储坑的臭气不外溢，引一路空气至篦冷机，利用篦冷机高温熟料热解；当在水泥窑停窑检修时，恶臭气体通过垃圾存储坑的上部的风管和风口排出，送入臭气处理系统处理，达到国家恶臭排放标准后由排风机排放到大气中。
当垃圾热值低于1000千卡/每千克(kcal/kg)或水分过大时，采用补烧柴油的方式保证炉排炉7内能稳定着火、燃烧。车间在微负压下操作，为工作人员创造卫生健康地工作环境。停窑检修期间，恶臭气体被送往专用洗涤塔和活性炭吸附除臭装置11，净化达标后排放。
本公开提供的技术方案操作简便、运行稳定、投资小、对水泥线及环境影响小，具有以下特点：
(1)生活垃圾的炉排炉协同处置与水泥窑系统高温分解能力相结合，使得垃圾分解或裂解更为彻底，利用焚烧高温烟气热量，产生过热蒸汽驱动汽轮机发电机，增加的电量满足水泥生产线用。干法窑的预热器和分解炉、废气处理完全取代了常规垃圾焚烧发电的尾气净化处理部分，节省垃圾发电烟气净化处理运行费用。
(2)处理温度高。从炉排炉排出的废气进入水泥窑系统，在850℃以上的高温区停留时间长，二噁英等有机物分解更为彻底，焚毁去除率可达99.99％。
(3)本方案不需分选垃圾，协同处置状态稳定。使用炉排炉可稳定处理城市垃圾，适合不分选垃圾的协同处置；水泥烧成系统具有温度高以及运行稳定的特征。
(4)固相碱性的环境氛围决定了烧成系统内的碱性固相氛围，有效地抑制酸性物质的排放，使得二氧化硫(SO2)和氯(Cl)等化学成分合成盐类固定下来，大大减少了协同处置处理后产生“二噁英”量，又控制X氧化硫(SOx)，氯化氢(HCl)等酸性气体从烟囱排出。
(5)燃烧过程充分垃圾热解气体处于高温燃烧过程，酸性有毒气体被碱性生料吸收，二噁英等有毒物质被再次高温分解，使得有害气体大大降低。
(6)减容减量化彻底，所有成份都可以得到有效处置。
(7)固化重金属离子。利用水泥工业回转窑系统的煅烧工艺处理垃圾，可以将垃圾中的重金属离子固化在熟料矿物中，避免重金属离子再度渗透和扩散污染水质和土壤。
(8)减少全社会的废气排放量。由于垃圾协同处置会放出一定的热量，既可用于余热发电，也可代替部分矿物质燃料，这就减少了水泥工业对矿物质燃料(煤或重油等)的需要量，从而减少了二氧化碳(CO2)等废气排放量。
(9)生活垃圾中的有机物主要为碳、氢和氧等元素，在水泥窑系统的高温环境中可分解，生活垃圾中的无机物主要为水泥原料需要的硅铝铁钙，是水泥原料的主要组分，不会对水泥的产品质量构成影响。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，包括垃圾接收与贮存系统、焚烧系统、渗滤液处理系统、臭气处理系统、余热锅炉系统、汽轮发电系统以及烟气净化系统，其中，所述接收与贮存系统包括卸料大厅(1)、垃圾储存坑(3)和进料装置(6)，其中，所述垃圾储存坑(3)与所述卸料大厅(1)连通；垃圾储存坑(3)上方设有垃圾行车(5)及与所述垃圾行车(5)连接的抓斗(4)，所述垃圾行车(5)设置为通过所述抓斗(4)将所述垃圾储存坑(3)内的垃圾送至所述进料装置(6)，所述进料装置(6)与所述焚烧系统相连；所述焚烧系统包括蒸汽-空气预热器(8)和与所述蒸汽-空气预热器(8)连接的炉排炉(7)，所述余热锅炉系统包括余热锅炉(10)，所述余热锅炉(10)和所述炉排炉(7)连接；所述渗滤液处理系统包括垃圾渗滤液池(2)和与所述垃圾渗滤液池(2)连接的渗沥液处理站，所述垃圾渗滤液池(2)与所述垃圾储存坑(3)相连；所述臭气处理系统与所述垃圾储存坑(3)相连；所述汽轮发电系统与所述余热锅炉(10)相连，所述余热锅炉(10)设置为与篦冷机相连；所述烟气净化系统设置为与所述篦冷机相连。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，其中，所述炉排炉(7)采用顺推式炉排或逆推式炉排。
  3. 如权利要求1或2或所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，其中，所述臭气处理系统包括洗涤塔以及活性炭吸附除臭装置。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，其中，所述余热锅炉(10)为卧式锅炉，所述余热锅炉(10)的蒸汽参数选用蒸汽压力4.0兆帕，蒸汽温度400摄氏度。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，其中，所述汽轮发电系统包括：汽轮机和主蒸汽旁路系统，所述汽轮机和所述主蒸汽旁路系统均与所述余热锅炉连接。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，其中，所述蒸汽-空气预热器(8)为两级预热蒸汽-空气预热器，所述蒸汽-空气预热器(8)与所述余热锅炉(10)以及所述汽轮发电系统相连，设置为将第一级蒸汽、第二级蒸汽和空气进行逆流换热，其中，所述第一级蒸汽来自所述汽轮发电系统抽汽，所述第二级蒸汽来自所述余热锅炉(10)的汽包，所述空气来自垃圾储存坑(3)产生的恶臭气体。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统，其中，所述余热锅炉(10)采用依次连接的三个垂直通道以及一个水平通道的结构布置方式，所述三个垂直通道均为空腔冷却通道，并在所述水平通道内布置有依次连接的蒸发器、过热器和省煤器。
  8. 一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统的发电方法，包括：将垃圾储存坑(3)中的垃圾通过抓斗(4)送至进料装置(6)；通过炉排炉(7)对所述进料装置(6)中的垃圾进行干燥、气化和焚烧，并将在所述炉排炉(7)内焚烧垃圾产生的高温烟气经过余热锅炉(10)产生过热蒸汽驱动汽轮发电系统发电；将所述余热锅炉(10)的出口的烟气送入篦冷机以使所述烟气与水泥熟料换热后作为三次风送入分解炉，利用所述分解炉内的高温碱性条件，吸收和处理垃圾焚烧产生的有害气体，使有毒有机物彻底分解，且还可使所述烟气替代分解炉的部分燃料；其中，所述炉排炉(7)的燃烧空气来源于所述垃圾储存坑(3)产生的恶臭气体，含有所述恶臭气体的空气经过蒸汽-空气预热器(8)预热后作为一次风送入炉排炉(7)；将垃圾在炉排炉(7)内燃烧后的炉渣经出渣机(9)输送到水泥原料系统参与配料以及粉磨成生料粉，再经过回转窑系统煅烧成水泥熟料，以使重金属有害元素被固溶在熟料里；将从垃圾储存坑(3)收集到的垃圾渗滤液送入垃圾渗滤液池(2)，经渗沥液处理站处理后合格的产水进入电站的循环水池，作为循环水系统的补水，浓水喷入垃圾炉排炉(7)或者水泥窑窑尾预热器进行高温焚烧，以达到无害化处理的目的。
    当水泥窑正常运行时，含有臭气的空气从垃圾存储坑(3)上部的吸风口吸出，将吸出的空气作为冷却助燃空气并通过蒸汽-空气预热器(8)对吸出的空气进行加热，另外为了保证垃圾存储坑(3)的臭气不外溢，引一路空气至篦冷机，利用篦冷机高温熟料热解；当在水泥窑停窑检修时，恶臭气体通过垃圾存储坑(3)的上部的风管和风口排出，送入臭气处理系统处理，达到国家恶臭排放标准后由排风机排放到大气中。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾的方法，还包括：在炉排炉(7)内的垃圾热值低于1000千卡/千克的情况下，采用补烧柴油的方式保证炉排炉(7)内能稳定着火和燃烧。
PCT/CN2018/121411 2018-06-14 2018-12-17 水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾发电系统及方法 WO2019237695A1 (zh)

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