CN101463261B - 污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统和方法 - Google Patents
污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101463261B CN101463261B CN2009100761590A CN200910076159A CN101463261B CN 101463261 B CN101463261 B CN 101463261B CN 2009100761590 A CN2009100761590 A CN 2009100761590A CN 200910076159 A CN200910076159 A CN 200910076159A CN 101463261 B CN101463261 B CN 101463261B
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- Prior art keywords
- sludge
- gas
- oil
- waste
- heat boiler
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
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Abstract
污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统和方法。该系统包括：污泥干化装置，接收脱水污泥从而产生干化污泥和干化废气；污泥制油装置，接收来自污泥干化装置的干化污泥从而产生热解油和不凝气及残炭；垃圾焚烧炉，接收外部垃圾和来自污泥制油装置的不凝气及残炭并选择性接收来自污泥制油装置的部分热解油从而产生热烟气；余热锅炉，接收来自垃圾焚烧炉的热烟气并与热烟气换热以产生蒸汽；以及发电装置，利用来自余热锅炉的蒸汽发电并将电能供给污泥制油装置。污泥干化装置还接收与余热锅炉换热后的烟气并选择性接收来自余热锅炉的部分蒸汽。本发明的污泥制油和垃圾焚烧联合技术能够充分整合利用系统能量，降低废弃物处理的投资和运行成本。
Description
污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统和方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及污泥制油和垃圾焚烧联合工艺，属于环保工程领域的固态废弃物的资源化利用。
背景技术
[0002] 城市污水厂污泥是污水处理系统产生的副产物。随着城镇化过程的加快，污水处理厂产生的污泥越来越多。污水厂污泥是一含水率高、含大量有机物和有毒有害物质（包括微生物、重金属和有毒有机物）等的具有复杂流变形的半干性固体废物，如不加以安全处理和处置，将造成严重的二次污染问题，但同时污泥中含有大量的有机物、腐殖质等可利用资源。因此，探讨并实施城市污泥处理处置和资源化新途径，对解决污泥污染问题具有重要意义。
[0003] 污泥热解制油是一种新型技术，将污泥在无氧状态下进行加热后分解成为油、不凝气体及固体炭的工艺。
[0004] 中国发明专利申请公开出版物CN101307M4A公开了一种双床交互循环式污泥热解制油方法，其中给出了利用流化床热解和流化床燃烧相结合的污泥制油方法。流化床热解反应器和流化床燃烧反应器双床间，采用惰性固体颗粒床料作为热载体进行交互循环， 将热解残炭和不凝结气体在流化床燃烧反应器中燃烧产生的热量传输给热解反应器中的污泥，作为污泥热解的热源；采用高温非机械阀控制从燃烧反应器进入热解反应器的高温惰性固体颗粒床料的流量，进而控制热解反应器温度；流化床热解反应器采用溢流方式自动排出多余固体颗粒物料，惰性固体颗粒床料、热解残炭和不凝结气体通过气力输送方式送入燃烧反应器；湿污泥采用内热式流化床干燥器进行干燥；热解气在喷淋塔内冷凝为油水混合物和不凝结气体。这种现有的污泥热解制油工艺存在的缺陷是能量消耗很大，从而导致经济成本很高。
[0005] 另外，CN1763431A、CN10128^67A和CN101290121A均涉及湿污泥干化或焚烧处理
系统。这些系统均只是单一的污泥干化或焚烧系统，没有与其它系统例如垃圾焚烧系统联合来进行污泥处理（例如污泥制油），从而具有能量消耗大、运行成本高的缺点。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的是提供污泥制油和垃圾焚烧的联合系统和方法，其能够充分整合利用系统能量，从而降低废弃物处理的投资和运行成本。
[0007] 本发明的一个方面提供了一种污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统，其包括：污泥干化装置，接收脱水污泥从而产生干化污泥和干化废气；污泥制油装置，接收来自污泥干化装置的干化污泥从而产生热解油和不凝气及残炭；垃圾焚烧炉，接收外部垃圾和来自污泥制油装置的不凝气及残炭并选择性接收来自污泥制油装置的至少一部分热解油从而产生热烟气；余热锅炉，接收来自垃圾焚烧炉的热烟气并与热烟气换热以产生蒸汽；以及发电装置， 利用来自余热锅炉的蒸汽发电并将至少一部分电能供给污泥制油装置。本发明的污泥干化装置还接收与余热锅炉换热后的至少一部分烟气并选择性接收来自余热锅炉的至少一部分蒸汽。
[0008] 本发明的集成系统还可以包括烟气净化处理装置，其分别接收来自污泥干化装置的干化废气以及与余热锅炉换热后的烟气的混合物。
[0009] 烟气净化处理装置可以包括尾气净化装置、除尘器和烟@，其中干化废气和烟气的混合物依次经过尾气净化装置和除尘器后通过烟®排出。
[0010] 本发明的另一方面提供了一种污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成方法，包括：将脱水污泥引入污泥干化装置以产生干化污泥和干化废气；将来自污泥干化装置的干化污泥引入污泥制油装置以产生热解油和不凝气及残炭；将外部垃圾和来自污泥制油装置的不凝气及残炭弓丨入垃圾焚烧炉以产生热烟气；将来自垃圾焚烧炉的热烟气弓I入余热锅炉进行热交换以产生蒸汽；利用来自余热锅炉的蒸汽进行发电并将至少一部分电能供给污泥制油装置；以及将与余热锅炉换热后的至少一部分烟气送回污泥干化装置。
[0011] 在本发明的方法中，还可以将来自污泥制油装置的至少一部分热解油也引入垃圾焚烧炉来助燃。
[0012] 在本发明的方法中，还可以将来自余热锅炉的至少一部分蒸汽也送回污泥干化装
置以提高干化效率。
[0013] 在本发明的方法中，还可以将来自干化装置的干化废气以及与余热锅炉换热后的烟气的混合物导入烟气净化处理装置。在烟气净化处理装置中，干化废气和烟气的混合物依次经过尾气净化装置和除尘器后通过烟®排出。
[0014] 在本发明的方法中，污泥干化装置产生的干化污泥的含水量通常为10%左右。
[0015] 本发明将垃圾焚烧发电系统和污泥制油系统进行了一体化（集成）处理，一方面利用垃圾焚烧发电系统的烟气废热及部分蒸汽提供污泥干燥过程所需的一大部分能量；另一方面可以利用垃圾焚烧系统产生的部分电能提供污泥制油过程中维持系统温度所需的能量；污泥制油过程中产生的不凝气体及焦炭经收集后送入垃圾焚烧炉中用于燃烧。此外， 污泥制油后的最终产物——热解油可以用于垃圾焚烧系统中启动燃烧或者低负荷时助燃， 大大降低了污泥制油和垃圾焚烧所需的投资及运行成本，具有较好的系统经济性。
附图说明
[0016] 图1是根据本发明的污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统和方法的示意图。 具体实施方式
[0017] 以下参照附图详细说明本发明。
[0018] 图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统（或称为污泥制油和垃圾焚烧一体化系统）。该集成系统包括污泥干化装置1、污泥制油装置2、垃圾焚烧炉 3、余热锅炉4和发电装置5。另外，该集成系统通常还包括由尾气净化装置6、除尘器7和烟囱8组成的烟气净化处理装置。
[0019] 下面说明该集成系统的工艺流程（或称为污泥制油和垃圾焚烧一体化处理方法）。污水处理厂的脱水污泥进入污泥干化装置1以产生干化污泥和干化废气。干化污泥随后被引入污泥制油装置2以产生热解油和不凝气及残炭。不凝气及残炭以及外部垃圾被引入垃圾焚烧炉3。垃圾焚烧炉3产生的烟气随后进入余热锅炉4，以与其中的水进行换热来产生蒸汽。发电装置5利用来自余热锅炉4的蒸汽进行发电并将部分电能供给污泥制油装置2。与余热锅炉4换热后的烟气，根据需要可以包括来自余热锅炉4的部分蒸汽，被送回污泥干化装置1以提高干化效率。另外，根据需要也可以将来自污泥制油装置2的热解油送至垃圾焚烧炉3的启动或助燃油枪（未示出）来助燃。此外，来自干化装置1的干化废气以及与余热锅炉4换热后的烟气的混合物可以通向烟气净化处理装置，即依次经过尾气净化装置6和除尘器7后通过烟囱8排向大气。
[0020] 最后，再次对本发明的工艺流程总结说明如下：污水处理厂的脱水污泥进入污泥干化装置，利用垃圾焚烧过程中的烟气余热以及垃圾焚烧系统中余热锅炉产生的部分蒸汽及对污泥进行干化，干化过程中产生的废气则送入垃圾焚烧系统的烟气净化处理部分，经尾气净化、除尘后排放。干化后产生的含水量10%左右的干污泥送入污泥制油装置中进行热解反应，制油过程所需的能量来自垃圾焚烧系统产生的电能。制油过程中产生的不凝气体及残炭经收集后被送入垃圾焚烧电厂用于燃烧。污泥制油后得到的最终产物一热解油经收集后送入储油罐。当垃圾热值较低或者低负荷时用热解油进行助燃。
[0021] 采用本工艺后，一方面可以提高垃圾焚烧系统的余热利用率，同时大大降低干化污泥所需外界能量消耗的耗量，实现了各种副产品的综合利用，增强了系统的经济效益。
[0022] 本领域技术人员应当理解，上述实施方式只是用于说明和解释本发明，而不应当被理解成是对本发明作出的任何限制。
5
Claims (9)
1. 一种污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成系统，包括：污泥干化装置，接收脱水污泥从而产生干化污泥和干化废气； 污泥制油装置，接收来自污泥干化装置的干化污泥从而产生热解油和不凝气及残炭； 垃圾焚烧炉，接收外部垃圾和来自污泥制油装置的不凝气及残炭并选择性接收来自污泥制油装置的至少一部分热解油从而产生热烟气；余热锅炉，接收来自垃圾焚烧炉的热烟气并与热烟气换热以产生蒸汽；以及发电装置，利用来自余热锅炉的蒸汽发电并将至少一部分电能供给污泥制油装置； 其中污泥干化装置还接收与余热锅炉换热后的至少一部分烟气并选择性接收来自余热锅炉的至少一部分蒸汽。
2.权利要求1的集成系统，还包括：烟气净化处理装置，接收来自污泥干化装置的干化废气以及与余热锅炉换热后的烟气的混合物。
3.权利要求2的集成系统，其中烟气净化处理装置包括尾气净化装置、除尘器和烟囱， 其中干化废气和烟气的混合物依次经过尾气净化装置和除尘器后通过烟®排出。
4. 一种污泥制油和垃圾焚烧集成方法，包括：将脱水污泥引入污泥干化装置以产生干化污泥和干化废气；将来自污泥干化装置的干化污泥引入污泥制油装置以产生热解油和不凝气及残炭；将外部垃圾和来自污泥制油装置的不凝气及残炭引入垃圾焚烧炉以产生热烟气；将来自垃圾焚烧炉的热烟气弓I入余热锅炉进行热交换以产生蒸汽；利用来自余热锅炉的蒸汽进行发电并将至少一部分电能供给污泥制油装置；以及将与余热锅炉换热后的至少一部分烟气送回污泥干化装置。
5.权利要求4的方法，还包括：将来自污泥制油装置的至少一部分热解油也引入垃圾焚烧炉。
6.权利要求4的方法，还包括：将来自余热锅炉的至少一部分蒸汽也送回污泥干化装置。
7.权利要求4的方法，还包括：将来自干化装置的干化废气以及与余热锅炉换热后的烟气的混合物导入烟气净化处理装置。
8.权利要求7的方法，其中烟气净化处理装置包括尾气净化装置、除尘器和烟®，干化废气和烟气的混合物依次经过尾气净化装置和除尘器后通过烟®排出。
9.权利要求4的方法，其中污泥干化装置产生的干化污泥的含水量为10%左右。
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