WO2011150691A1 - 汽车通用压力传感器 - Google Patents

汽车通用压力传感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011150691A1
WO2011150691A1 PCT/CN2011/070245 CN2011070245W WO2011150691A1 WO 2011150691 A1 WO2011150691 A1 WO 2011150691A1 CN 2011070245 W CN2011070245 W CN 2011070245W WO 2011150691 A1 WO2011150691 A1 WO 2011150691A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
silicon
automotive
core
silicon piezoresistive
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/070245
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王文襄
王冰
毛超民
石桥
李威
汪超
Original Assignee
上海文襄汽车传感器有限公司
昆山双桥传感器测控技术有限公司
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Application filed by 上海文襄汽车传感器有限公司, 昆山双桥传感器测控技术有限公司 filed Critical 上海文襄汽车传感器有限公司
Priority to JP2013512730A priority Critical patent/JP5671134B2/ja
Priority to BR112012030407-0A priority patent/BR112012030407B1/pt
Priority to EP11789070.7A priority patent/EP2579014B1/en
Priority to KR1020127034395A priority patent/KR101659528B1/ko
Publication of WO2011150691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011150691A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/02Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
    • G01L9/06Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of piezo-resistive devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/0041Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms
    • G01L9/0051Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using variations in ohmic resistance
    • G01L9/0052Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using variations in ohmic resistance of piezoresistive elements
    • G01L9/0055Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using variations in ohmic resistance of piezoresistive elements bonded on a diaphragm
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/14Housings
    • G01L19/142Multiple part housings
    • G01L19/143Two part housings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/14Housings
    • G01L19/147Details about the mounting of the sensor to support or covering means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/08Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically
    • G01L23/18Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically by resistance strain gauges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a general-purpose pressure sensor for automobiles, in particular to a universal pressure sensor for automobiles based on silicon-based MEMS technology, which can be used for oil pressure, air pressure, fuel, refrigerant, hydraulic medium and the like on various automobiles and various vehicle systems. Pressure measurement. Background technique
  • automotive universal pressure sensors are key components of automotive electronic control systems and one of the core contents of automotive electronics technology. Automotive universal pressure sensors are used in automobiles for pressure measurement control of brake systems, automatic transmissions, air conditioning systems, suspension systems, engine oil pressure, power switching transmission systems, direct engine injection pressure, LPG and CNG systems.
  • the sputtered film type universal pressure sensor derived from the strain type solves the shortcomings of the front strain type.
  • the use of the temperature zone can also meet the requirements of the automotive grade, the sensitivity output can reach 5mV/V, and the impact pressure overload is 2 times.
  • the present invention provides a universal pressure sensor for a vehicle, which has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and low cost, and can meet the measurement requirements of oil pressure, air pressure, fuel, refrigerant, hydraulic pressure, etc., and is convenient and reliable to install.
  • a general-purpose automobile pressure sensor comprising a sensor housing, a silicon piezoresistive sensitive core body, a sensor core holder, a signal conditioning circuit, and an automotive electrical interface, the silicon piezoresistive sensitive core body and the sensor core
  • the seat and signal conditioning circuit is located in an inner chamber of the sensor housing, and the sensor housing is mounted to the automotive electrical interface.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensitive core comprises a silicon piezoresistive sensing element and a glass ring piece.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensing element includes a silicon film whose surface is sequentially covered with a silicon dioxide layer and a silicon nitride layer.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensing element is provided with a Wheatstone bridge in the middle of the front surface, and after the silicon film is exposed on the front side of the front surface, it is tamped on the side of the glass ring sheet having a similar thermal expansion coefficient as silicon.
  • the strain resistor on the Wheatstone bridge is led out by splicing the inner leads.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensing element and the front surface of the glass ring sheet form an insulating oxide layer.
  • the other side of the glass ring piece is sealingly fixed to the annular pit surface provided on the sensor core seat.
  • the sensor core seat seals a pressure port that is screwed onto the sensor housing.
  • the inner lead on the silicon piezoresistive sensitive core passes through one end of the central hole on the annular pit surface of the sensor core seat, is introduced into the adapter plate disposed at the other end of the central hole, and is then subjected to the signal conditioning circuit.
  • the automotive electrical interface is brought out.
  • the sensor housing includes a sensor base and a sensor cover that is screwed to the sensor base to form an inner chamber.
  • the sensor cover is mounted on the automotive electrical interface.
  • the sensor base has a stepped hole as a pressure inlet port in the middle of the sensor base.
  • the sensor core seat is screwed to the stepped hole on the sensor base by a thread sealant.
  • the circumferential surface of the stepped hole has a ring-shaped groove, and the annular groove An O-ring is disposed.
  • the sensor core seat is screwed to the stepped hole on the sensor base, and the sensor core seat presses the O-ring to ensure the sensor core seat is sealed and fixed to the sensor base.
  • the signal conditioning circuit board provided with the signal conditioning circuit is fixed in the inner chamber of the sensor housing, and the signal conditioning circuit has signal amplification, zero and full output conditioning, zero position and sensitivity temperature. Coefficient compensation and nonlinear trimming circuit.
  • the senor has a pressure range of 0 to 0.5 MPa to 0 to 100 MPa
  • the round silicon film has a diameter of 2 mm to 4 mm and a thickness of 0.22 to 0.91 mm.
  • the inner wall of the glass ring piece and the inner wall of the center hole of the sensor core seat are provided with an adhesive silicone rubber as an insulating surface.
  • the sensor cover is screwed to the automotive electrical interface by a sealant, a ring-shaped connecting seam between the sensor core seat and the sensor base, and between the sensor cover and the sensor base Ring-shaped joints, sealed by laser or electron beam seals.
  • the sensor core holder, the sensor base and the sensor housing are made of stainless steel.
  • the glass ring sheet is a Pyrex 7740 or GG-17 glass ring sheet.
  • An advantageous technical effect of the present invention is that: the silicon piezoresistive sensing element is provided with a Wheatstone bridge on the front side, and the reverse side is used as a pressure receiving surface, so that the external medium pressure is introduced through the pressure inlet port, and the reverse side of the silicon piezoresistive sensing element is pressed , reducing the impact of external media.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensing element is sealed and fixed to the sensor core seat by a glass ring piece, and the sensor core seat is sealed and fixed to the inner side of the pressure inlet port of the sensor housing, and the sensor housing is fixed by the sensor base and the sensor base
  • the sensor base is formed by a sensor cover body forming an inner chamber, the sensor cover body is mounted on the automotive electrical interface, and the sensor base has a stepped hole as a pressure inlet port in the middle of the sensor base, and the sensor core seat is screwed by a thread sealant
  • the stepped hole on the sensor base ensures the sealing reliability between the glass ring piece, the sensor core seat, the sensor base and the sensor cover by means of multiple measures, thereby ensuring measurement reliability.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensing element and the front surface of the glass ring form an insulating oxide layer, which improves the measurement accuracy.
  • the introduction of the signal conditioning circuit realizes amplification signal amplification, zero and full-scale output conditioning, zero position and sensitivity temperature coefficient compensation, and non- Linear adjustment, fully meet the requirements of automotive high pressure measurement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a silicon piezoresistive sensing element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a silicon piezoresistive sensitive core according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a silicon piezoresistive sensitive core and a sensor core holder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sensor core holder and the sensor base after assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a general-purpose automobile pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Automotive universal pressure sensor including sensor housing, silicon piezoresistive sensitive core, sensor core holder, signal conditioning circuit, automotive electrical interface.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensitive core, the sensor core block and the signal conditioning circuit are located in the inner chamber of the sensor housing.
  • the sensor housing is mounted on the automotive electrical interface and is equipped with signal conditioning
  • the signal conditioning circuit board 101 of the road is fixed to the inner chamber of the sensor.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensitive core is composed of a silicon piezoresistive sensing element 1 and a glass ring sheet 2.
  • the silicon piezoresistive sensing element 1 comprises a circular and planar silicon film 11, the front side of which is sequentially covered with a silicon dioxide (; SiO 2 ) layer 12 and a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) layer 13 . .
  • the front middle portion of the silicon piezoresistive sensing element 1 i.e., the surface of the silicon nitride layer 13
  • the glass ring having a similar thermal expansion coefficient to silicon is occluded.
  • the strain resistor 14 on the Wheatstone bridge is led out by splicing the inner wire 15 of the gold wire, and the reverse side is pressed to reduce the influence of the external medium.
  • the front surface of the silicon piezoresistive sensing element 1 and the glass ring sheet 2 is subjected to semiconductor low temperature anodization insulation treatment to form an insulating oxide layer.
  • the other side of the glass ring piece 2 (unpolished surface, viewed from the perspective of Fig. 3) is fixed to the annular pit surface provided on the sensor core holder 3 by epoxy sealing.
  • the sensor core holder 3 seals the pressure inlet port that is screwed onto the sensor housing.
  • the gold wire inner lead 15 on the piezoresistive sensitive core passes through one end of the central hole of the annular groove surface of the sensor core seat 3, and is introduced into the adapter plate 4 provided at the other end of the center hole of the sensor core seat, and then The signal conditioning circuit is taken up by the automotive electrical interface 7.
  • the adapter plate 4 is bonded to the annular concave surface at the other end of the center hole of the sensor core holder 3, and is connected to the output of the signal conditioning circuit board 101 via the lead cable core 8.
  • the sensor housing is comprised of a sensor base 5 and a sensor cover 6.
  • the sensor cover 6 is screwed to the sensor base 5 to form an inner chamber.
  • the sensor core holder 3, the sensor base 5 and the sensor cover are made of stainless steel.
  • the sensor cover 6 is mounted on the automotive electrical interface 7.
  • the middle of the sensor base 5 has a stepped hole as a pressure inlet port, and the external thread of the sensor core seat 3 is screwed to the threaded groove in the stepped hole of the sensor base 5 through the thread sealant 10.
  • the stepped bore ring has a ring-shaped groove on its circumference, and the ring-shaped groove is provided with an O-ring 51.
  • the sensor core seat 3 While the sensor core seat 3 is screwed to the stepped hole on the sensor base 5, the sensor core seat 3 presses the O-ring 51 (can be screwed in with a fixed torque wrench until it is tightly sealed) to realize the sensor core seat 3 is fixed to the seal of the sensor base 5.
  • the inner wall of the glass ring piece 2 and the inner wall of the central hole on the sensor core seat 3 are provided with an adhesive silicone rubber as an insulating surface, and a ring connection between the sensor core seat 3 and the sensor base 5
  • the slit 91, and the annular connecting slit 92 between the sensor base 5 and the sensor cover 6, are sealed by laser or electron beam to form a highly reliable triple multi-pass seal structure.
  • a signal conditioning circuit board 101 provided with a signal conditioning circuit is fixed to the inner chamber of the sensor.
  • the signal conditioning circuit has signal amplification, zero and full output conditioning, zero and sensitivity temperature coefficient compensation, and a nonlinear trimming circuit.
  • the silicon The diaphragm 11 has a diameter of 2 mm to 4 mm and a thickness of 0.22 to 0.91 mm.
  • the sealing of the structure is particularly important, and the sensor cover 6 is screwed to the automotive electrical interface 7 by means of a sealant.
  • the annular connecting seam 91 between the sensor core base 3 and the sensor base 5, and the annular connecting seam 92 between the sensor cover 6 and the sensor base 5 are connected by laser or electron beam sealing to form a high Reliable multi-channel sealing structure.
  • the glass ring sheet 2 is a Pyrex 7740 or GG-17 glass ring sheet.
  • the Pyrex glass ring is a product of Coming. It is designed for semiconductor packaging and has physical properties close to silicon.
  • the alternative product is GG-17 borosilicate glass.
  • the Wheatstone bridge portion of the silicon piezoresistive sensing element is fabricated by a Chinese patent "a miniature dynamic piezoresistive universal pressure sensor and its manufacturing method" (Patent No. ZL2003101063298).
  • the above described embodiments combine semiconductor planar integrated circuit technology, MEMS technology and digital intelligent circuit technology to create a universal automotive pressure sensor with low cost, high precision, high reliability and long life.
  • the main performance index of the automobile universal pressure sensor based on the technology of the present invention is:
  • Power supply and signal Power supply 5VDC ⁇ 0.5, signal 0 ⁇ 5V between any ratio output;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Description

汽车通用压力传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车通用压力传感器, 特别涉及一种基于硅基 MEMS 技 术的汽车通用压力传感器, 该传感器可用于各种汽车及各个车辆系统上面的油 压、 气压、 燃料、 冷媒、 液压等介质的压力测量。 背景技术
汽车通用压力传感器作为汽车电子控制系统的信息源之一, 是汽车电子控 制系统的关键部件, 也是汽车电子技术领域研究的核心内容之一。 汽车通用压 力传感器在汽车上主要用于制动系统、 自动变速箱、 空调系统、 悬挂系统、 发 动机机油压力、 动力切换传输系统、 发动机直喷压力, LPG及 CNG系统等部 分的压力测量控制。
80年代传统的汽车高压传感器使用厚膜陶瓷技术,经过多年的发展, 目前 陶瓷芯体的制作成本已有大幅的下降, 价格满足汽车应用要求。 但是由于陶瓷 材料极其脆性的特点, 不能抗液体压力冲击过载 (一般只为 1.5〜2倍静压过载 能力) , 抗震动能力差, 可靠性低, 输出灵敏度很低 (2mV/V) ,无法满足汽车 压力测量的发展需求面临淘汰。
90年代又出现了使用应变技术的汽车高压传感器,在芯体的制作成本上其 仍然保持了低成本的特性, 但解决了厚膜陶瓷抗震动能力差的问题, 同时提高 了一定的抗压力冲击过载能力。 但由于该传感器结构原理使用了胶粘金属应变 片技术, 有机胶的疲劳导致传感器整体寿命较短, 由于胶的蠕变, 测量精度会 随使用时间降低, 同时灵敏度输出依然很低。
近年来美国精量公司和美国森萨塔对上述应变技术进行了改进,利用高温 玻璃粉烧结硅应变片技术代替了胶粘金属应变片技术, 其芯体制作成本虽然有 小幅上升却解决了传感器的寿命问题和测量精度随时间变化问题, 同时利用硅 应变片大幅提高了灵敏度输出。 但是由于烧结玻璃粉工艺中玻璃粉层很薄, 面 积就相对较大, 对于较为脆性的玻璃材料来说, 在受到压力快速过载冲击及温 度冲击时会出现烧结玻璃层断裂的现象, 其抗压力过载冲击一般仍仅为 2倍, 工作温度范围仅为一 20〜80°C, 很多地方无法满足汽车级的使用要求。 同时后 期由应变式衍生出来的溅射薄膜式通用压力传感器解决了前面应变式的缺点, 使用温区也可以满足汽车级的要求,灵敏度输出可达 5mV/V,抗冲击压力过载 2 倍。 但由于其制造成本较高, 无法大范围在汽车应用中推广。
欧洲 KELLER公司及美国 Honeywell公司等公司使用 MEMS单晶硅敏感 元件, 灵敏度输出可达 20mV/V,抗冲击压力过载 3倍, 在满足汽车级所有应用 的基础上,虽然利用半导体 MEMS工艺生产解决了敏感元件的相对批量化低成 本制造, 但由于单晶硅通用压力传感器芯片国际通用设计为背面支撑正面承压 结构, 中间需要复杂的隔离充油悍接技术解决测量介质的兼容性要求, 从而大 幅增加了产品的制造成本, 使其无法大范围在汽车应用中推广。 发明内容
为解决上述问题, 本发明提供了一种汽车通用压力传感器, 具有测量精度 高、 成本低的特点, 可满足汽车上油压、 气压、 燃料、 冷媒、 液压等压力的测 量要求, 安装方便可靠。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:汽车通用压力传感器,包括传感器壳体、 硅压阻敏感芯体、 传感器芯座、 信号调理电路、 以及汽车电器接口, 该硅压阻 敏感芯体、 传感器芯座和信号调理电路位于该传感器壳体的内腔室, 该传感器 壳体安装于该汽车电器接口。
该硅压阻敏感芯体包括硅压阻敏感元件和玻璃环片。该硅压阻敏感元件包 括表面依次覆盖有二氧化硅层和氮化硅层的硅膜片。 该硅压阻敏感元件正面中 部设有惠斯顿电桥, 而正面周部裸露出硅膜片后, 悍固于与硅有相似热膨胀系 数的该玻璃环片一面。 该惠斯顿电桥上的应变电阻通过悍接内引线引出。 该硅 压阻敏感元件和玻璃环片正面形成绝缘氧化层。
该玻璃环片另一面密封固定于该传感器芯座上设有的环形凹坑面。该传感 器芯座密封旋固于该传感器壳体上的进压端口。 该硅压阻敏感芯体上的内引线 通过该传感器芯座的环形凹坑面上的中心孔一端, 引入到设于该中心孔另一端 的转接板后, 再经该信号调理电路由该汽车电器接口引出。
该传感器壳体包括传感器基座和旋固于该传感器基座后形成内腔室的传 感器罩体。 该传感器罩体安装于该汽车电器接口, 该传感器基座中部具有作为 进压端口的台阶孔, 该传感器芯座通过螺纹密封胶旋固于该传感器基座上的台 阶孔。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 该台阶孔的环周面具有环型凹槽, 该环型凹槽 设有 O型密封圈, 该传感器芯座旋固于该传感器基座上的台阶孔的同时, 该传 感器芯座压紧该 O型密封圈, 实现该传感器芯座与该传感器基座密封固定。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 设有该信号调理电路的信号调理电路板固定于 该传感器壳体的内腔室, 该信号调理电路具有信号放大、零位及满度输出调理、 零位及灵敏度温度系数补偿以及非线性修调电路。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 对应该传感器压力量程为 0〜0.5MPa至 0〜 lOOMPa, 该圆平硅膜片的直径为 2mm〜4mm, 厚度为 0.22〜0.91mm。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 该玻璃环片内壁及该传感器芯座上中心孔内壁 设有作为绝缘表面的胶粘性硅橡胶。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 该传感器罩体通过密封胶旋固于该汽车电器接 口, 该传感器芯座与该传感器基座之间环型连接缝, 以及该传感器罩体与该传 感器基座之间环型连接缝, 通过激光或电子束密封悍接。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 该传感器芯座、 传感器基座和传感器壳体为不 锈钢材质。
作为本发明的进一步改进,该玻璃环片采用 Pyrex7740或 GG-17玻璃环片。 本发明的一个有益技术效果是: 硅压阻敏感元件正面设有惠斯顿电桥, 而 反面作为受压面, 这样外界介质压力通过进压端口引入, 通过该硅压阻敏感元 件反面受压, 减小了外界介质的影响。
并且, 硅压阻敏感元件通过玻璃环片密封固定于传感器芯座, 而该传感器 芯座又密封固定于传感器壳体的进压端口内侧, 而该传感器壳体由传感器基座 和旋固于该传感器基座后形成内腔室的传感器罩体组成, 该传感器罩体安装于 该汽车电器接口, 该传感器基座中部具有作为进压端口的台阶孔, 该传感器芯 座通过螺纹密封胶旋固于该传感器基座上台阶孔, 这样通过多重措施, 保证传 感器制作时玻璃环片、 传感器芯座、 传感器基座和传感器罩体之间密封性, 从 而保证了测量可靠性。
另外,硅压阻敏感元件和玻璃环片正面形成绝缘氧化层,提高了测量精度, 信号调理电路的引入实现了放大信号放大、 零位及满度输出调理、 零位及灵敏 度温度系数补偿以及非线性修调, 完全满足了汽车高压测量的要求。 附图概述
本发明的特征、 性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步描述。 图 1为本发明一实施例的硅压阻敏感元件的结构示意图;
图 2为本发明一实施例的硅压阻敏感芯体的结构示意图;
图 3为本发明一实施例的硅压阻敏感芯体与传感器芯座的装配示意图; 图 4为本发明一实施例的装配后的所述传感器芯座与传感器基座的结构示 意图;
图 5为本发明一实施例的的汽车通用压力传感器结构示意图。
图中元件标号说明:
1——硅压阻敏感元件
11 圆平硅膜片
12—— SiO2
13—— Si3N4
14——应变电阻
15——金丝内引线
2——玻璃环片
3——传感器芯座
4 转接板
5——传感器基座
51—— O型密封圈
6 传感器罩体
7——汽车电器接口
8 引出电缆芯线
91、 92 环形连接缝
10——螺纹密封胶
101 信号调理电路板 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4、 图 5对本发明的实施例分别做进一步描 述。
汽车通用压力传感器, 包括传感器壳体、 硅压阻敏感芯体、 传感器芯座、 信号调理电路、 汽车电器接口。 硅压阻敏感芯体、 传感器芯座和信号调理电路 位于传感器壳体的内腔室。 传感器壳体安装于汽车电器接口, 设有信号调理电 路的信号调理电路板 101固定于传感器内腔室。
如图 1和图 2所示, 硅压阻敏感芯体由硅压阻敏感元件 1和玻璃环片 2组 成。 硅压阻敏感元件 1包括圆状且呈平面的硅膜片 11, 硅膜片 11的正面依次 覆盖有二氧化硅 (; SiO2)层 12和氮化硅 (; Si3N4)层 13。硅压阻敏感元件 1的正面中 部 (即氮化硅层 13表面) 设有惠斯顿电桥, 而正面周部裸露出硅膜片 11后, 悍固于与硅有相似热膨胀系数的玻璃环片 2。惠斯顿电桥上的应变电阻 14通过 悍接金丝内引线 15引出, 反面受压, 减小了外界介质的影响。 硅压阻敏感元 件 1和玻璃环片 2的正面进行半导体低温阳极氧化绝缘处理,形成绝缘氧化层。
如图 3所示, 玻璃环片 2另一面 (未抛光毛面, 从图 3角度看为上表面) 通过环氧树脂密封固定于传感器芯座 3上设有的环形凹坑面。 传感器芯座 3密 封旋固于传感器壳体上的进压端口。 压阻敏感芯体上的金丝内引线 15通过传 感器芯座 3的环形凹坑面上的中心孔一端, 引入到设于传感器芯座上的中心孔 另一端的转接板 4后, 再经信号调理电路由汽车电器接口 7上引出。 如图 5所 示, 转接板 4粘接于传感器芯座 3上的中心孔另一端的环型凹面, 并经引出电 缆芯线 8连接于信号调理电路板 101输出。
如图 4和图 5所示, 传感器壳体由传感器基座 5和传感器罩体 6。 传感器 罩体 6旋固于该传感器基座 5后形成内腔室。 在一个实施例中, 传感器芯座 3、 传感器基座 5和传感器罩体由不锈钢材质制成。 传感器罩体 6安装于汽车电器 接口 7。 传感器基座 5中部具有作为进压端口的台阶孔, 传感器芯座 3外螺纹 处通过螺纹密封胶 10旋固于传感器基座 5上的台阶孔内螺纹槽。 该台阶孔环 周面具有环型凹槽, 该环型凹槽设有 O型密封圈 51。传感器芯座 3旋固于该传 感器基座 5上的台阶孔的同时,传感器芯座 3压紧该 O型密封圈 51 (可以用固 定扭矩扳手旋入直至到底扭紧密封) , 实现传感器芯座 3与传感器基座 5的密 封固定。
为了提高传感器的可靠性, 玻璃环片 2内壁及传感器芯座 3上的中心孔内 壁设有作为绝缘表面的胶粘性硅橡胶, 同时将传感器芯座 3和传感器基座 5之 间的环形连接缝 91, 以及传感器基座 5与传感器罩体 6之间的环形连接缝隙 92, 利用激光或电子束悍接密封, 形成高可靠三重多道密封结构。
设有信号调理电路的信号调理电路板 101固定于传感器的内腔室。该信号 调理电路具有信号放大、 零位及满度输出调理、 零位及灵敏度温度系数补偿以 及非线性修调电路。 对应该传感器压力量程为 0〜0.5MPa至 0〜100MPa, 该硅 膜片 11的直径为 2mm〜4mm, 厚度为 0.22〜0.91mm。
为了提高传感器的测量精度, 结构的密封性尤为重要, 传感器罩体 6通过 密封胶旋固于汽车电器接口 7。 该传感器芯座 3与该传感器基座 5之间的环型 连接缝 91, 以及传感器罩体 6与传感器基座 5之间的环型连接缝 92, 通过激 光或电子束密封悍接, 形成高可靠多道密封结构。
在一实施例中, 玻璃环片 2采用 Pyrex7740或 GG-17玻璃环片, 该 Pyrex 玻璃环是康宁公司 (Coming)的产品, 它是专为半导体封装设计, 具有与硅接近 的物理性能, 国产替代产品为 GG— 17硼硅玻璃。 该硅压阻敏感元件的惠斯通 电桥部分采用中国专利 "一种微型动态压阻通用压力传感器及其制造方法" (专利号 ZL2003101063298 ) 公开技术方案制成。
上述描述的实施例采用半导体平面集成电路技术、 MEMS技术及数字智能 电路技术相结合创造出了具有低成本、 高精度、 高可靠性、 长寿命的汽车通用 压力传感器。
基于本发明技术的汽车通用压力传感器, 其主要性能指标为:
1)压力量程: 0〜0.5至 0〜100MPa;
2)供电及信号: 供电 5VDC±0.5, 信号 0〜5V之间任意比例输出;
3)工作温区: 一40〜125 °C (长期) , 一 55〜135 °C (四小时) ;
4)精度等级: A级全工作温区综合误差优于 1 %FS, B级全工作温区综合 误差优于 0.5 %FS ;
5)抗冲击过载能力: 大于 600 %FS ;
6)使用寿命: 107压力循环次;
7)年稳定性: 0.25 %FS。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上, 然其并非用以限定本发明, 任何本 领域技术人员, 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内, 当可作些许的修改和完善, 因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种汽车通用压力传感器, 包括传感器壳体、硅压阻敏感芯体、 传感器 芯座、 信号调理电路、 以及汽车电器接口, 该硅压阻敏感芯体、 传感器芯座和 信号调理电路位于该传感器壳体的内腔室, 该传感器壳体安装于该汽车电器接 口, 其特征在于,
该硅压阻敏感芯体包括硅压阻敏感元件 (1) 和玻璃环片 (2) , 该硅压阻 敏感元件 (1) 包括正面依次覆盖有二氧化硅层 (12) 和氮化硅层 (13) 的硅 膜片 (11) , 该硅压阻敏感元件正面中部设有惠斯顿电桥, 而周部裸露出硅膜 片后, 悍固于与硅有相似热膨胀系数的该玻璃环片 (2) —面, 该惠斯顿电桥 上的应变电阻 (14) 经由内引线 (15) 引出, 该硅压阻敏感元件和该玻璃环片 一面形成绝缘氧化层;
该玻璃环片 (2) 另一面密封固定于该传感器芯座 (3) 上设有的环形凹坑 面, 该传感器芯座 (3) 密封旋固于该传感器壳体上的进压端口, 该硅压阻敏 感芯体上内引线 (15) 通过该传感器芯座的环形凹坑面上的中心孔一端, 引入 到设于该中心孔另一端的转接板 (4) 后, 再经该信号调理电路由该汽车电器 接口 (7) 引出;
该传感器壳体包括传感器基座 (5) 和旋固于该传感器基座 (5) 后形成该 内腔室的传感器罩体 (6) , 该传感器罩体 (6) 安装于该汽车电器接口 (7) , 该传感器基座 (5) 中部具有作为该进压端口的台阶孔, 该传感器芯座 (3) 通 过螺纹密封胶旋固于该传感器基座 (5) 上的该台阶孔。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该台阶孔的 环周面具有环型凹槽, 该环型凹槽设有 O型密封圈 (51) , 该传感器芯座 (3) 旋固于该传感器基座 (5) 上的台阶孔的同时, 该传感器芯座 (3) 压紧该 O型 密封圈 (51) 。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 设有该 信号调理电路的信号调理电路板 (101) 固定于该传感器壳体的该内腔室, 该 信号调理电路具有信号放大、 零位及满度输出调理、 零位及灵敏度温度系数补 偿以及非线性修调电路。
4. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该传感 器的压力量程为 0〜0.5MPa至 0〜100MPa。
5. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该硅膜 片的直径为 2mm〜4mm, 厚度为 0.22〜0.91mm。
6. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该玻璃 环片 (2) 内壁及该传感器芯座 (3) 上中心孔内壁设有作为绝缘表面的胶粘性 硅橡胶。
7. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该传感 器罩体 (6) 通过密封胶旋固于该汽车电器接口 (7) , 该传感器芯座 (3) 与 该传感器基座 (5) 之间环型连接缝 (91) , 以及该传感器罩体 (6) 与该传感 器基座 (5) 之间环型连接缝 (92) , 通过激光或电子束密封悍接。
8. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的一种汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该 传感器芯座、 该传感器基座和该传感器罩体为不锈钢材质。
9. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的一种汽车通用压力传感器, 其特征在于, 该 玻璃环片 (2) 采用 Pyrex7740或 GG-17玻璃环片。
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