WO2011148908A1 - 太陽電池システム - Google Patents

太陽電池システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011148908A1
WO2011148908A1 PCT/JP2011/061785 JP2011061785W WO2011148908A1 WO 2011148908 A1 WO2011148908 A1 WO 2011148908A1 JP 2011061785 W JP2011061785 W JP 2011061785W WO 2011148908 A1 WO2011148908 A1 WO 2011148908A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
secondary battery
solar cell
load
battery
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/061785
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
栗原　俊武
孝之 三野
Original Assignee
三洋電機株式会社
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Application filed by 三洋電機株式会社 filed Critical 三洋電機株式会社
Priority to CN201180026255XA priority Critical patent/CN102918745A/zh
Publication of WO2011148908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011148908A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar battery system that charges a secondary battery with a solar battery and supplies power from the solar battery to the lighting of a load from the secondary battery.
  • the power of the solar battery is stored in the secondary battery to produce vegetables.
  • the present invention relates to a solar cell system that is optimal for supplying to loads such as factory lighting.
  • a solar cell system that stores the output of a solar cell in a secondary battery has been developed.
  • a DC / DC converter is connected between the solar cell and the secondary battery.
  • the DC / DC converter controls and outputs the output voltage of the solar cell to a constant voltage.
  • the system which stabilizes and outputs the output of the solar cell to a constant voltage with the stabilization circuit composed of the DC / DC converter can charge the secondary battery with the constant voltage.
  • the system that charges the secondary battery by stabilizing the output of the solar cell with the stabilization circuit composed of the DC / DC converter not only increases the cost of parts due to the complicated circuit configuration, but also from the DC / DC converter. Due to the power loss of the stabilization circuit, there is a drawback that the secondary battery cannot be charged efficiently with the output of the solar battery. In particular, in a device with a large output of a solar cell, the cost of a stabilization circuit composed of a DC / DC converter is extremely high, and there is a problem that power loss is increased.
  • a DC / DC converter that stabilizes the output voltage of a solar cell needs to use a high-breakdown-voltage switching element that can withstand a high voltage as a switching element such as an FET, resulting in high component costs. This is because the output voltage of the solar cell increases as the charging of the secondary battery proceeds and the charging current decreases.
  • the above drawbacks can be solved by supplying the output of the solar cell directly to the secondary battery without stabilizing the output of the solar cell, that is, without using a stabilization circuit composed of a DC / DC converter.
  • This system can be realized by connecting a solar cell to a secondary battery via a diode.
  • a system for charging a secondary battery with a solar battery needs to stop charging the secondary battery in a state where the secondary battery is fully charged. This is because the secondary battery is remarkably deteriorated by overcharge and cannot be used safely. Therefore, for example, when a secondary battery is charged with a solar battery in the daytime and the secondary battery is fully charged, it is necessary to disconnect the solar battery from the secondary battery and stop the charging of the secondary battery.
  • An important object of the present invention is to efficiently supply the secondary battery by supplying the output of the solar battery to the secondary battery without going through the DC / DC converter, and to recharge the secondary battery without going through the DC / DC converter.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell system capable of stably operating a load by supplying electric power from the battery to the load.
  • a DC / DC converter can be connected to the load supply side in order to control the supply voltage to the load within a certain range. Since this solar cell system can stabilize the output of the changing secondary battery and the output of the solar cell within a certain voltage range and supply them to the load, it can operate the load stably.
  • the DC / DC converter receives a considerably high voltage from the solar battery in a state where the charging of the secondary battery is stopped and the load current is reduced.
  • the high voltage output from the solar cell is applied to the switching element of the DC / DC converter.
  • the DC / DC converter needs to use a withstand voltage that can withstand the output voltage of the solar cell with a reduced load current, that is, an expensive switching element such as a high withstand voltage FET or transistor, which increases the component cost.
  • the high breakdown voltage switching element has a large on-resistance, which causes a reduction in power efficiency of the DC / DC converter. For this reason, there exists a fault which cannot supply electric power efficiently to load.
  • the present invention was developed for the purpose of solving the above disadvantages.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to use a DC / DC converter that is low in component cost and excellent in power efficiency without using a high-voltage switching element in the DC / DC converter connected to the load.
  • power is efficiently supplied to the load, and the secondary battery is efficiently charged from the solar battery without going through the DC / DC converter, and the secondary battery is controlled to a certain voltage range from the secondary battery to the load.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell system that can stably operate a load by supplying electric power.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention includes a secondary battery 1, a solar battery 2 that charges the secondary battery 1 without going through a stabilization circuit, and a load to which power is supplied from the solar battery 2 and the secondary battery 1. 3 and 30 and a power supply circuit 4 for supplying power from the commercial power supply 9 to the loads 3 and 30.
  • the solar cell system supplies the output voltage of the solar cell 2 to the secondary battery 1 without stabilizing it at a constant voltage.
  • the solar cell system includes a control circuit 6 that detects the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1, and a solar battery charging switch that is controlled by the control circuit 6 to control power supply from the solar battery 2 to the secondary battery 1. 12.
  • the control circuit 6 stores a maximum capacity for charging the secondary battery 1 and a set capacity set to a capacity smaller than the maximum capacity.
  • the control circuit 6 detects the state where the secondary battery 1 charged with the solar battery 2 is charged to the maximum capacity, switches the solar battery charging switch 12 to OFF, and charges the secondary battery 1 with the solar battery 2. It stops, detects the set capacity of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 discharged to the loads 3 and 30, switches the solar battery charging switch 12 to ON and charges the secondary battery 1 with the solar battery 2. Switching. In the solar battery system, the control circuit 6 switches the solar battery charging switch 12 on and off with the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1, and charges and discharges the secondary battery 1 with the secondary battery 1 connected to the loads 3 and 30. However, power is supplied from the secondary battery 1 to the loads 3 and 30.
  • the output of the solar cell is supplied to the secondary battery without going through the DC / DC converter, and the secondary battery is efficiently charged, while the secondary battery passes through the DC / DC converter.
  • the above solar cell system charges the secondary battery by supplying the secondary battery without stabilizing the output voltage of the solar cell to a constant voltage, and the secondary battery charged by the solar cell has the maximum capacity.
  • the solar battery charging switch for controlling the power supply from the solar battery to the secondary battery is turned OFF to stop the charging of the secondary battery by the solar battery, and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is further reduced.
  • the solar battery charging switch is turned on to charge the secondary battery with the solar battery. Since this solar cell system charges a secondary battery without going through a DC / DC converter from the solar cell, the secondary battery can be efficiently charged with the solar cell. Also, in this solar cell system, when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery reaches the maximum capacity, the solar battery charging switch is turned OFF to shut off the output of the solar battery, and the secondary battery can be supplied without supplying power to the load. Since power is supplied from the battery to the load, high-voltage power is not supplied from the solar battery to the load, and the load can be stably operated without using a high-voltage element for the load.
  • the solar battery charge switch is switched on and off with the remaining capacity of the secondary battery, and power is supplied from the secondary battery to the load while charging and discharging the secondary battery in a state where the secondary battery is connected to the load.
  • the load By controlling the power supplied from the secondary battery to the load within a certain voltage range, the load can be operated stably.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention includes a stabilization circuit 5 that stabilizes the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supplies it to the loads 3 and 30, and stabilizes the output of the secondary battery 1 by the stabilization circuit 5. , 30 can be supplied.
  • the supply voltage from the secondary battery to the load can be controlled within a certain range by the stabilization circuit, so the output of the changing secondary battery is stabilized and supplied to the load, and the load operates stably. it can.
  • this solar cell system does not need to use a high-breakdown-voltage switching element for a stabilization circuit (for example, a DC / DC converter) connected to a load.
  • the power supply circuit 4 can be connected to the loads 3 and 30 via the power supply diode 24.
  • the above solar cell system can supply power continuously to the load without switching with a switch or the like even when the voltage of the secondary battery is lowered. For this reason, even if the voltage of the secondary battery is lowered, there is no harmful effect such as a momentary power failure, and power can be constantly supplied to the load stably.
  • the solar cell 2 is connected to the secondary battery 1 via the charging diode 22, and the secondary battery 1 is connected to the loads 3 and 30 via the load diode 23,
  • the power supply diode 24 of the power supply circuit 4 can be connected between the load diode 23 and the loads 3 and 30.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention can connect the solar cell charging switch 12 to the negative side output or the positive side output of the solar cell 2.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention includes a power switch 14 that controls the power circuit 4 to supply power to the loads 3 and 30, and the power switch 14 can be controlled by the control circuit 6.
  • the above solar cell system can control the discharge state of the secondary battery by controlling the power supply from the power circuit to the load with the power switch. For this reason, the remaining capacity for stopping the discharge of the secondary battery is controlled to an optimum value, and the secondary battery is discharged while protecting it, thereby preventing the secondary battery from deteriorating and extending its life.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention can include a discharge switch 13 that controls discharge from the secondary battery 1 to the loads 3 and 30.
  • the above solar cell system can control the state of discharging the secondary battery by controlling the power supply from the secondary battery to the load with the discharge switch. For this reason, the remaining capacity for stopping the discharge of the secondary battery is controlled to an optimum value, and the secondary battery is discharged while protecting it, thereby preventing the secondary battery 1 from deteriorating and extending its life.
  • the secondary battery 1 can be a lithium ion battery.
  • the secondary battery is a lithium ion battery having a large voltage change with respect to the remaining capacity, the power supply to the load can be stably switched with a diode. This is because when the voltage of the secondary battery decreases, switching can be performed so that power can be automatically supplied to the load from the secondary battery or the power supply circuit via the diode.
  • the solar cell system will be described in detail with respect to specific examples used for lighting in a vegetable factory that grows vegetables in a closed room.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention is not intended to specify the use for lighting in vegetable factories.
  • the secondary battery 1 is charged with an uninterruptible power supply or a solar cell during the day to supply power at night.
  • it can be used for a device that uses the output of the secondary battery 1 that is charged by a solar battery during peak power during the daytime.
  • the solar cell system shown in FIG. 1 is supplied with power from a secondary battery 1, a solar battery 2 that charges the secondary battery 1 without going through a stabilization circuit, and the solar battery 2 and the secondary battery 1.
  • a load 3 and a power supply circuit 4 for supplying power from the commercial power supply 9 to the load 3 are provided.
  • the above solar battery system supplies the secondary battery 1 to the secondary battery 1 without stabilizing the output voltage of the solar battery 2 by the stabilization circuit, and efficiently charges the secondary battery 1 with the solar battery 2.
  • the solar cell system of FIG. 1 is controlled by the control circuit 6 for detecting the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 charged by the solar battery 2 and from the solar battery 2 to the secondary battery 1 under the control of the control circuit 6.
  • the solar battery charge switch 12 for controlling the power supply is provided.
  • a discharge switch 13 that is controlled to be turned on and off by the control circuit 6 and controls the discharge from the secondary battery 1 to the load 3, that is, the power supply from the secondary battery 1 to the load 3, is also provided.
  • the solar battery charging switch 12 is connected to a charging diode 22 in series, and the solar battery 2 is connected to the secondary battery 1 through these series circuits.
  • the solar battery charging switch 12 is switched on and off by the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 detected by the control circuit 6 to control the charging state of the secondary battery 1.
  • the discharge switch 13 is connected to a load diode 23 in series, and the secondary battery 1 is connected to the load 3 through these series circuits. Further, the power supply circuit 4 is connected to the load 3 via the power supply diode 24.
  • the load 3 is supplied with power from the secondary battery 1 via the load diode 23, and is supplied with power from the power supply circuit 4 via the power supply diode 24.
  • the load 3 is supplied with power from the secondary battery 1, and when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 becomes smaller than the external power supply capacity.
  • the power is supplied from the power supply circuit 4.
  • the discharge switch 13 is switched on while power is supplied from the secondary battery 1, and the discharge switch 13 is switched off while power supply from the secondary battery 1 is stopped.
  • the secondary battery 1 has a plurality of battery cells 10 connected in series to increase the output voltage.
  • the battery cell 10 is a lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery has a large voltage fluctuation with respect to the remaining capacity, and can accurately detect the remaining capacity from the voltage.
  • the secondary battery can be any battery that can be charged.
  • the secondary battery can be any rechargeable battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a nickel cadmium battery.
  • the solar cell system of the present invention does not specify the voltage of the secondary battery, and the voltage of the secondary battery can be set to 5V to 100V, for example.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state in which the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 charged in the solar battery 2 changes with time as a curve A. Furthermore, this figure shows a state in which the output of the solar cell 2 changes on the curve B, and further shows a state in which the load 3 consumes power on the curve C.
  • This figure shows that the lighting used in the vegetable factory is load 3, the power consumption of load 3 is about 700 W, the rated output of solar cell 2 is 2 kW, the maximum capacity of secondary battery 1 is 3.1 kWh, and in sunny weather The output of the solar cell 2 is shown.
  • the control circuit 6 controls the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 and sets the maximum capacity for charging the secondary battery 1 and the set capacity set to a capacity smaller than the maximum capacity.
  • An external power supply capacity for starting power supply from the power supply circuit 4 to the load 3 an external power stop capacity for stopping power supply from the power supply circuit 4 to the load 3, and a minimum for stopping the discharge of the secondary battery 1
  • the capacity and the discharge start capacity for restarting the discharge of the secondary battery 1 are stored.
  • the maximum capacity is set to a state where the secondary battery 1 is fully charged, that is, a state where the remaining capacity is 100%, and the set capacity is set to a state where the remaining capacity is 95%.
  • the maximum capacity is not necessarily set to a state in which the remaining capacity is 100%, and can be set to 90% to 100%, for example.
  • the set capacity can be set, for example, 2% to 50%, preferably 3% to 10% smaller than the maximum capacity.
  • the set capacity is set to be small, the capacity for discharging at a time with the solar battery charge switch 12 in the ON state is increased.
  • the set capacity is reduced, the output of the solar cell 2 decreases and the secondary battery 1 cannot be charged by the solar cell 2, and the time during which the secondary battery 1 can supply power to the load 3 is shortened.
  • the set capacity is increased, the capacity to be discharged at one time is reduced, and it is necessary to frequently switch the solar battery charge switch 12 on and off.
  • the set capacity is set larger than the external power supply capacity, the external power stop capacity, the discharge start capacity, and the minimum capacity.
  • the external power supply capacity is set in a state where the secondary battery 1 is discharged and the remaining capacity is reduced, for example, the remaining capacity is set to 20%. However, the external power supply capacity can be set to 10% to 50%.
  • the external power stop capacity is set to a state where the remaining capacity is 40%. However, the external power stop capacity can be set to 20% to 60%.
  • the minimum capacity is set to a state where the secondary battery 1 is completely discharged, that is, a state where the remaining capacity is 0%. However, the minimum capacity does not necessarily set the remaining capacity to 0%, and can be set to 0% to 10%, for example.
  • the discharge start capacity is larger than the minimum capacity, and can be set to 30%, for example. However, the discharge starting capacity can be set to 10% to 50%.
  • the control circuit 6 includes a remaining capacity detection circuit 16 that detects the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1.
  • the remaining capacity detection circuit 16 detects the remaining capacity from the voltage of the secondary battery 1, detects the remaining capacity from the integrated value of the charge / discharge current of the secondary battery 1, or alternatively, the charge / discharge current of the secondary battery 1.
  • the remaining capacity detected by the integrated value is corrected with the remaining capacity detected by the voltage, and the remaining capacity is detected.
  • the remaining capacity detection circuit 16 that detects the remaining capacity from the voltage of the secondary battery 1 stores the remaining capacity with respect to the voltage as a function, or stores it as a lookup table, and stores the detected voltage in the function or the lookup table.
  • the remaining capacity is calculated by comparison.
  • a remaining capacity detection circuit 16 that integrates the charge / discharge current to detect the remaining capacity adds the accumulated value of the charging current to the remaining capacity, and subtracts the accumulated value of the discharging current from the remaining capacity to calculate the remaining capacity.
  • the above control circuit 6 detects the state of charge of the secondary battery 1 based on the remaining capacity.
  • the control circuit can also detect the state of charge of the secondary battery by the battery voltage.
  • the method of detecting the state of charge of the secondary battery from the battery voltage has a feature that the circuit configuration can be simplified.
  • a secondary battery in which the battery cell is a lithium ion battery can accurately identify the remaining capacity from the battery voltage, and thus has a feature that the state of charge of the secondary battery can be detected by the detected battery voltage.
  • the control circuit 6 controls the solar battery charging switch 12 to be turned on / off with the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1.
  • the solar battery charging switch 12 is controlled to be in the ON state, charges the secondary battery 1 with the solar battery 2, and is switched to the OFF state to stop the charging of the secondary battery 1 with the solar battery 2.
  • the control circuit 6 detects the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 charged by the solar battery 2 in a state where the solar battery charging switch 12 is turned ON, and when the detected remaining capacity reaches the maximum capacity, the solar battery charging switch 12 Is switched from ON to OFF, and charging of the secondary battery 1 by the solar battery 2 is stopped.
  • the secondary battery 1 that is no longer charged by the solar battery 2 supplies power to the load 3 and the remaining capacity decreases.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the solar battery charging switch 12 from OFF to ON so that the secondary battery 1 is charged again.
  • the power supply circuit 4 is a switching power supply that incorporates a constant voltage characteristic stabilization circuit that controls the output voltage to a constant voltage.
  • the switching power supply converts input alternating current into direct current, converts this direct current into a constant voltage with a DC / DC converter, and outputs it.
  • the power supply circuit 4 incorporating the constant voltage characteristic stabilization circuit sets the output voltage to 48 V, which is the rated voltage of the secondary battery 1.
  • the power supply circuit 4 incorporating the stabilization circuit can output a constant voltage to the load 3 in place of the secondary battery 1.
  • the power supply circuit does not necessarily need to incorporate a stabilization circuit.
  • the power supply circuit 4 includes a power switch 14 that controls power supply to the load 3.
  • the power switch 14 is provided on the input side of the switching power supply, that is, the input side for inputting the commercial power supply 9.
  • the power switch 14 provided on the input side supplies power to the load 3 with the switching power supply in an operating state in the ON state.
  • the power switch 14 is turned off, the switching power supply does not operate and the power supply circuit 4 does not supply power to the load 3.
  • the power consumption of the switching power supply when the power switch 14 is off can be reduced to zero.
  • the power switch 14 can also be provided on the output side of the switching power supply.
  • the control circuit 6 controls the power switch 14 to be turned on / off with the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1.
  • the power switch 14 is controlled to be in an ON state, supplies power from the power circuit 4 to the load 3, and is switched to OFF to stop power supply from the power circuit 4.
  • the control circuit 6 detects the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 in a state in which power is supplied from the secondary battery 1 to the load 3, and switches the power switch 14 to ON when the detected remaining capacity decreases to the external supply capacity.
  • power is supplied from the power supply circuit 4 to the load 3.
  • the secondary battery 1 is charged by the solar battery 2 and the remaining capacity increases.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the power switch 14 from ON to OFF and stops power supply from the power circuit 4 to the load 3.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the discharge switch 13 to OFF and stops the discharge from the secondary battery 1.
  • the load 3 is supplied with power from the power supply circuit 4.
  • the secondary battery 1 whose discharge is stopped is charged by the solar battery 2 to increase the remaining capacity.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the discharge switch 14 from OFF to ON and restarts the discharge from the secondary battery 1.
  • the solar battery charge switch 12 is turned off to disconnect the solar battery 2 from the secondary battery 1, and power is supplied from the secondary battery 1 to the load 3. Supply. That is, in the state where the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 becomes the maximum capacity and the charging from the solar battery 2 is stopped, the output of the solar battery 2 is shut off by the solar battery charging switch 12 and the solar battery 2 is switched to the load 3. Electric power is supplied from the secondary battery 2 to the load 3 without supplying electric power.
  • the output of the solar cell 2 that has become a high voltage due to a decrease in the load current is not supplied to the load 3 and is stable without using an expensive switching element such as a high-voltage FET or transistor for the load 3. It can work. Furthermore, in this solar cell system, when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 decreases to the set capacity, the solar battery charging switch 12 is turned on to supply power from the solar battery 2 to the load 3. In a power generation state in which the generated power is smaller than the power consumption of the load 3, when the secondary battery 1 supplies power to the load 3 and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 1 decreases to the external power supply capacity, the power switch 14 is turned on. And the power is supplied from the power supply circuit 4 to the load 3.
  • the load 3 has a rated input voltage of about 48V. Depending on the characteristics of the load 3, even if the voltage supplied to the load 3 is slightly larger or smaller than the rated input voltage (for example, about 40V to about 60V), can operate. Therefore, in this solar cell system, the external power supply capacity for switching the power switch 14 to ON is set larger than the minimum capacity at which the load 3 can be stably operated with the supply voltage from the secondary battery 1.
  • the load 3 can be stably operated by the output of the secondary battery 1 without connecting a stabilization circuit such as a DC / DC converter to the input side of the power source 3.
  • the solar cell system of FIG. 1 supplies the load 3 to the load 3 without stabilizing the output of the secondary battery 1, but the solar cell system of the present invention has a secondary battery 1 as shown in FIGS.
  • the output can be stabilized by the stabilization circuit 5 and supplied to the load 3.
  • the supply voltage from the secondary battery 1 to the load 3 can be controlled within a certain range by the stabilization circuit 5, so that the output of the changing secondary battery 1 is stabilized and supplied to the load 3. Can operate stably.
  • the same components as those in the solar cell system shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the stabilization circuit 5 is a DC / DC converter that stabilizes the voltage of the secondary battery 1 that varies depending on the remaining capacity to a constant voltage and supplies the voltage to the load 3.
  • the secondary battery 1 is connected to the load 3 through a series circuit of the discharge switch 13, the stabilization circuit 5, and the load diode 23.
  • a discharge switch 13 is preferably connected to the input side of the stabilization circuit 5. This is because the wasteful power consumption of the secondary battery 1 is set to 0 by setting the stabilization circuit 5 not to operate in the OFF state of the discharge switch 13.
  • the load diode 23 can be connected between the discharge switch 13 and the stabilization circuit 5, or can be connected between the discharge switch 13 and the secondary battery 1.
  • the output side of the power supply circuit 4 is connected to the output side of the stabilization circuit 5.
  • the solar cell system to which the stabilization circuit 5 is connected can switch the operation state of the stabilization circuit 5 and control the power supply from the secondary battery 1 to the load 3. Therefore, the solar cell system to which the stabilization circuit 5 composed of a DC / DC converter is connected can use the DC / DC converter as a discharge switch.
  • a control circuit controls a switching element of the DC / DC converter to control power supply from a secondary battery to a load.
  • the DC / DC converter By holding the switching element of the DC / DC converter in the OFF state, the DC / DC converter can be deactivated, the power supply from the secondary battery to the load can be stopped, the switching element is switched on and off at a predetermined cycle, This is because power can be supplied from the secondary battery to the load.
  • the DC / DC converter has a switching element connected in series with the primary side of the transformer. This switching element is switched on and off at a constant cycle, and alternating current is output to the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the alternating current output to the secondary side of the transformer is rectified by a rectifier circuit, converted into direct current, and output.
  • the DC / DC converter of this circuit configuration controls the duty for switching the switching element to ON, stabilizes the output voltage to a constant voltage, and outputs it.
  • no power is input to the primary side of the transformer, no AC is output to the secondary side of the transformer, and the output becomes 0V. That is, the DC / DC converter becomes inoperative and the power of the secondary battery is not supplied to the load.
  • the switching element is switched on and off at a constant cycle, the alternating current output to the secondary side of the transformer is converted to direct current and is controlled to be output at a constant voltage.
  • the output side of the power supply circuit 4 is connected to the output side of the stabilization circuit 5, but the solar cell system includes the secondary battery 1 and the power supply circuit 4 as shown in FIG. It is also possible to connect the stabilization circuit 5 to the load 3 side than the connection point 18 to the output side.
  • the solar cell system in which the stabilization circuit 5 is connected to the load 3 side can stabilize and supply both the output voltage of the secondary battery 1 and the output voltage of the power supply circuit 4 to the load 3 with the stabilization circuit 5. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the solar cell system can incorporate the stabilization circuit 5 in the load 30.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 do not charge the secondary battery 1 with the power supply circuit 4.
  • the solar cell system shown in FIG. 6 charges the secondary battery 1 with the power supply circuit 4.
  • the output side of the power supply circuit 4 is connected to the secondary battery 1 via a power supply diode 24.
  • the power supply circuit 4 for charging the secondary battery 1 is a switching power supply incorporating a constant voltage / constant current circuit.
  • the switching power supply has a constant voltage characteristic that stabilizes the output voltage to a voltage that charges the secondary battery 1, and a constant current characteristic that limits the output current to a constant current.
  • the output voltage of the switching element is set to 48V, which is the rated voltage of the secondary battery 1, and the output current is set to the maximum current that can charge the secondary battery 1.
  • This solar cell system is charged with midnight power.
  • the solar battery system that charges the secondary battery 1 with midnight power can charge the secondary battery 1 while effectively using inexpensive midnight power.
  • the solar cell system that charges the secondary battery 1 with the power supply circuit 4 preferably charges the secondary battery 1 based on the forecast of the next day's weather and sunshine conditions. For example, when the next day's weather is expected to be good and sufficient power generation by the solar battery 2 is expected, the power generated by the sunlight is effectively used without charging the secondary battery 1 by the power supply circuit 4. On the other hand, when the next day is expected to be bad weather and the power generation by the solar cell 2 is not expected sufficiently, the electricity cost is saved by charging the secondary battery 1 with the power supply circuit 4 using midnight power.
  • the solar battery system capable of charging the secondary battery 1 with the power supply circuit 4 can also forcibly charge the secondary battery 1 whose remaining capacity has fallen below the minimum capacity with the power from the power supply circuit 4. Since the secondary battery 1 whose remaining capacity has been reduced to the minimum capacity is in an overdischarged state, it is not preferable to maintain this state for a long time. Therefore, this solar cell system can effectively prevent the deterioration of the secondary battery by forcibly charging the secondary battery 1 in the overdischarged state with the power supply circuit 4.
  • the solar cell system shown in FIG. 7 shows an example in which the solar cell charge switch 12, the discharge switch 13, and the power switch 14 in the solar cell system shown in FIG. 3 are each connected to the negative output. That is, the solar cell system of FIG. 7 connects the solar cell charge switch 12 to the negative output of the solar cell 2 and connects the discharge switch 13 between the negative output of the secondary battery 1 and the load 3. Further, the power switch 14 is connected to the negative output of the power circuit 4. The solar cell system of FIG. 7 connects the positive output of the solar cell 2 to the positive output of the secondary battery 1 via the charging diode 22 and stabilizes the positive output of the secondary battery 1.
  • the control circuit 6 controls the solar battery charge switch 12, the discharge switch 13, and the power switch 14 to be turned on and off to control the charged state of the secondary battery 1 and the state of energization to the load 3.
  • the solar cell system shown in FIG. 8 shows an example in which the solar cell charge switch 12, the discharge switch 13, and the power switch 14 in the solar cell system shown in FIG. 6 are each connected to the output on the minus side. That is, the solar cell system of FIG. 8 connects the solar battery charge switch 12 to the negative output of the solar battery 2 and connects the discharge switch 13 between the negative output of the secondary battery 1 and the load 3. Further, the power switch 14 is connected to the negative output of the power circuit 4. Furthermore, the solar cell system shown in the figure connects the positive output of the solar cell 2 to the positive output of the secondary battery 1 via the charging diode 22 and stabilizes the positive output of the secondary battery 1. It is connected to the load 3 through a series circuit of the circuit 5 and the load diode 23.
  • this solar cell system connects the positive output of the power supply circuit 4 to the positive side of the secondary battery 1 through the power supply diode 24, and The output on the minus side of the secondary battery 1 is connected to the minus side of the power supply circuit 4 via the power charging switch 17.
  • the control circuit 6 controls the solar battery charge switch 12, the discharge switch 13, the power switch 14, and the power supply charge switch 17 to be turned on and off, thereby changing the charged state of the secondary battery 1 and the energized state of the load 3 Control.
  • the solar battery system in which the solar battery charging switch 12, the discharging switch 13, the power switch 14, and the power charging switch 17 are connected to the output on the minus side is a switching circuit such as an FET.
  • a switching circuit such as an FET.
  • the control can be simplified.
  • the output on the positive side of the secondary battery 1 is connected to the load 3 via the stabilization circuit 5, but this stabilization circuit may be omitted. Or it can be built into the load.
  • the control circuit 6 changes the charge / discharge state of the secondary battery 1 and the power supply state to the loads 3 and 30 according to the power generation amount of the solar cell 2 as follows.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the discharge switch 13 to ON and supplies power from the secondary battery 1 to the loads 3 and 30.
  • the solar battery charging switch 12 is held in an ON state, and the electric power generated by the solar battery 2 is supplied to the secondary battery 1.
  • the control circuit 6 switches on the power switch 14 to start supplying power from the power circuit 4 to the loads 3 and 30. After that, when the secondary battery 1 is charged with the generated power of the solar battery 2 and the remaining capacity is increased to the external power stop capacity, the control circuit 6 switches the power switch 14 to OFF to change the load 3, The power supply to 30 is stopped. Electric power is supplied to the loads 3 and 30 from the solar cell 2, the secondary battery 1, and the power supply circuit 4 while repeating the above state.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the solar battery charging switch 12 to ON and supplies the generated power of the solar battery 2 to the loads 3 and 30.
  • the secondary battery 2 is charged with surplus power. While repeating the above state, power is supplied from the solar cell 2 and the secondary battery 1 to the loads 3 and 30.
  • the above solar cell system supplies power to the loads 3 and 30 by the following operation.
  • Steps n 7 to 11] Compare the detected remaining capacity to the maximum capacity.
  • step n 12.
  • the control circuit 6 switches the solar battery charging switch 12 to OFF and stops the power supply from the solar battery 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
PCT/JP2011/061785 2010-05-27 2011-05-23 太陽電池システム WO2011148908A1 (ja)

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JP2014050297A (ja) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-17 Sanken Electric Co Ltd 電力供給システム
JP5696110B2 (ja) 2012-09-19 2015-04-08 株式会社東芝 電源システム、電源制御装置およびプログラム
JP6351200B2 (ja) * 2012-10-09 2018-07-04 株式会社小松製作所 電力供給システム
JP5976516B2 (ja) * 2012-12-12 2016-08-23 三洋電機株式会社 無接点充電方法
CN103236725B (zh) * 2013-04-22 2015-05-20 南京普天大唐信息电子有限公司 一种太阳能控制器控制电路的供电方法及其电路
JP5897501B2 (ja) * 2013-06-19 2016-03-30 三菱電機株式会社 電力供給システム
CN104716700B (zh) * 2013-12-15 2017-07-07 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种金属空气电池电压控制装置及控制电压的方法
JP6406493B2 (ja) * 2014-02-05 2018-10-17 テクノナレッジ・システム有限会社 Ｄｃ／ａｃコンバータの制御回路
TWI594541B (zh) 2014-06-24 2017-08-01 克緹斯國際股份有限公司 智能儲電系統及其電池矩陣管理方法
JP7024296B2 (ja) * 2017-10-02 2022-02-24 セイコーエプソン株式会社 電源制御回路、携帯型情報処理装置、および電源制御方法
JP6939452B2 (ja) * 2017-11-15 2021-09-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ソーラーシステム
JP2021151132A (ja) * 2020-03-19 2021-09-27 本田技研工業株式会社 充電装置

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CN201091063Y (zh) * 2007-06-08 2008-07-23 上海光苑太阳能科技有限公司 一种太阳能光伏发电并网电站
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