WO2011148555A1 - 薄膜付きウェーハの膜厚分布測定方法 - Google Patents
薄膜付きウェーハの膜厚分布測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 83
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 73
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001055 reflectance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000572 ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011077 uniformity evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004140 HfO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000391 spectroscopic ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
- G01B11/0625—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating with measurement of absorption or reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
- G01B11/0625—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating with measurement of absorption or reflection
- G01B11/0633—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating with measurement of absorption or reflection using one or more discrete wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/12—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for structural parameters, e.g. thickness, line width, refractive index, temperature, warp, bond strength, defects, optical inspection, electrical measurement of structural dimensions, metallurgic measurement of diffusions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/20—Sequence of activities consisting of a plurality of measurements, corrections, marking or sorting steps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an evaluation method for a wafer with a thin film for calculating a film thickness distribution of a wafer with a thin film used for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and more particularly to an evaluation method for calculating a film thickness distribution for an SOI layer.
- the existing film thickness measurement method for calculating the film thickness distribution of a thin film wafer with a thin film on the surface of the substrate is generally a point-by-point film thickness measurement by spectral ellipsometry or reflection spectroscopy, but about 1 ⁇ m.
- a film thickness distribution measuring apparatus capable of measuring the film thickness distribution in a wide range with a resolution of 1 is not commercially available.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for irradiating SOI with white light, spectroscopically analyzing reflected light for each wavelength, and calculating the SOI layer thickness from the interference information for each wavelength. It describes that an SOI layer of less than 1 ⁇ m is irradiated with 488 nm laser light, its specular reflection light is detected, and in-plane film thickness variation is inspected by interference fringes with the irradiated light.
- JP 2002-343842 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-264605
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can measure a micro thin film (SOI layer) film thickness distribution affecting the device over the entire surface of the wafer with high accuracy, low cost, and simplicity.
- a method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film is provided.
- the present invention provides a thin film-attached wafer evaluation method for calculating a film thickness distribution of the thin film of a thin film-attached wafer having a thin film on the surface of a substrate, and a part of the thin film-attached wafer surface.
- a thin film-attached wafer evaluation method for calculating a film thickness distribution of the thin film of a thin film-attached wafer having a thin film on the surface of a substrate, and a part of the thin film-attached wafer surface.
- the reflectance (R) of irradiation light calculated from the film thickness setting value of the thin film of the wafer with thin film is 0.2 or more, and the reflectance fluctuation rate with respect to the thin film thickness (
- the wavelength ⁇ is preferably selected so that the absolute value of ( ⁇ R / R) is 0.02 / nm or more.
- an accurate evaluation can be performed by selecting a wavelength having a large variation in reflectivity with respect to a film thickness setting value as the wavelength ⁇ of the light to be irradiated. And if the reflectance (R) of the irradiation light calculated from the film thickness setting value of the thin film of a wafer with a thin film is 0.2 or more, the reflected light intensity is sufficient and accurate evaluation can be performed. Moreover, if the reflectance fluctuation rate with respect to the thin film thickness is 0.02 / nm or more in absolute value, the sensitivity to the thin film thickness fluctuation is sufficient, and accurate evaluation can be performed.
- the wavelength ⁇ so that the absolute value of the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R) is 0.05 / nm or more.
- the sensitivity to the variation in film thickness is high, and more accurate evaluation is possible.
- the wavelength ⁇ is preferably a single wavelength selected from visible light wavelengths.
- the method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film of the present invention is a low-cost evaluation method because a general optical microscope apparatus can be used and it can be performed at a single wavelength selected from visible light wavelengths.
- the size of one side of the pixel is not less than 1/2 of the wavelength ⁇ and not more than 100 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness distribution of the thin film of the wafer with the thin film can be calculated more accurately without the possibility of focusing. .
- the region can be matched with the lithography exposure site of the device manufacturing process.
- the region irradiated with light in the method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film of the present invention can be matched with the lithography exposure site in the device manufacturing process by adjusting the magnification and field of view of the microscope used.
- the film thickness distribution of the entire surface of the wafer with the thin film can be obtained by calculating the film thickness distribution of the thin film in the region at a plurality of locations.
- the wavelength is limited to one wavelength. be able to.
- a wafer with a thin film in which a second thin film is formed between the substrate and the thin film or on the thin film can be used.
- a wafer with a thin film in which a second thin film is formed can be used between the substrate and the thin film or on the thin film.
- the substrate and the thin film can be a silicon single crystal
- the second thin film formed between the substrate and the thin film can be a silicon oxide film
- an SOI wafer in which the substrate and the thin film are silicon single crystals and the second thin film is a silicon oxide film can be used.
- the thickness distribution and uniformity of the SOI layer thickness are quantitatively evaluated with a resolution of 1 ⁇ m or less. It becomes possible.
- the thin film thickness distribution that can be measured over the entire wafer surface of the micro thin film thickness distribution affecting the device at low cost and easily with sufficient spatial resolution.
- Measurement and film thickness uniformity evaluation methods can be provided.
- more accurate evaluation can be performed by selecting a wavelength whose reflectance varies greatly with respect to the film thickness setting value.
- the thickness of the SOI layer thickness with a resolution of 1 ⁇ m or less. Distribution and uniformity can be quantitatively evaluated.
- FIG. 4 It is the figure which showed the histogram of the light intensity of each pixel of the microscope image of FIG. 4 is a microscopic image of an SOI layer in two measurement regions in Example 2.
- FIG. It is the figure which showed the histogram of the light intensity of each pixel of the microscope image of FIG.
- a thin film (SOI layer) wafer measurement method and uniformity evaluation of a thin film (SOI layer) wafer can be performed at low cost and easily over the entire wafer surface. Was demanded.
- a method for evaluating a thin film-attached wafer for calculating a film thickness distribution of the thin film of a thin film-attached wafer having a thin film on the surface of a substrate comprising: By irradiating the region with light of a single wavelength ⁇ , detecting the reflected light from the region and measuring the reflected light intensity for each pixel obtained by dividing the region into a large number, the reflected light intensity distribution in the region is obtained. If the method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film is characterized in that the film thickness distribution of the thin film in the region is calculated from the reflected light intensity distribution, the irradiation light is limited to one wavelength. It was found that the measurement of the film thickness distribution of the affected micro thin film over the entire surface of the wafer can be performed at a low cost and with a sufficient spatial resolution.
- the present inventor conducted the following experiment, paying attention to the change in reflectance with respect to the film thickness of the thin film (SOI layer).
- FIG. 1 shows SOI layers having three typical wavelengths (488 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm) when the BOX (silicon oxide film: buried oxide film) layer thickness of the SOI wafer (SOI layer / BOX layer / Si substrate) is 145 nm.
- the reflectivity when these three wavelengths are used has a strong dependence on the SOI layer thickness. That is, it was found that if the reflectance (reflected light intensity) was measured using an appropriate wavelength, it could be converted into the SOI layer thickness. In other words, it has been found that if an appropriate wavelength is used, the reflectance can be easily and accurately converted into the SOI layer thickness in the SOI layer thickness region where the variation in reflectance is large.
- the film thickness of the SOI layer is about 90 nm
- the irradiation light having a wavelength of 488 nm and 633 nm the reflectance fluctuates greatly. Therefore, when the irradiation light having a wavelength of 532 nm having a substantially constant reflectance is used. In comparison, it was found that the conversion into the SOI layer thickness can be performed easily and accurately.
- the present inventor can convert the reflectance into the thin film thickness by using such characteristics and selecting a single wavelength having a large variation in the reflectance with respect to the set value of the thin film thickness. I found out that it would be possible accurately. That is, in the present invention, an appropriate wavelength ⁇ is selected according to the thin film thickness of the thin film wafer, the light with the wavelength ⁇ is irradiated on the thin film wafer surface, and the reflectance from the SOI surface is divided into a large number. By measuring each area (pixel) with high spatial resolution, the SOI layer thickness distribution and uniformity can be more accurately evaluated.
- the SOI layer thickness and the BOX layer thickness of the SOI wafer to be manufactured are set according to the user's specifications, and after the SOI wafer is manufactured with the film thickness setting value as a target value, inspection is performed.
- the in-plane distribution of the SOI layer film thickness is evaluated by a process or the like.
- using the set values of the SOI layer thickness and the BOX layer thickness the relationship between the wavelength of the irradiation light and the reflectance of the reflected light is calculated by simulation, and the measurement is performed based on the result.
- An appropriate wavelength ⁇ is selected as light, and the SOI wafer is irradiated to the SOI wafer, and the reflected light is detected to evaluate the SOI layer thickness distribution.
- the SOI layer thickness and the BOX layer thickness (that is, a target value for manufacturing the SOI wafer) set in advance in manufacturing the SOI wafer to be evaluated are associated with variations in the SOI layer thickness.
- the dependency of the reflectance difference and the reflectance fluctuation rate on the irradiation wavelength is calculated, and a single wavelength ⁇ is selected from the wavelengths where the reflectance fluctuation becomes large.
- a region of the SOI surface is irradiated with the light having the selected wavelength ⁇ , the reflected light from the region is detected, and the reflected light intensity for each pixel obtained by dividing the region into a large number is measured.
- the thickness distribution of the SOI layer in the region is calculated from the reflected light intensity distribution.
- An example of the wafer with a thin film to which the evaluation method of the present invention can be applied is an SOI wafer, and it is possible to evaluate any combination of SOI wafer thickness and BOX layer thickness.
- evaluation can be made for a wafer with a thin film having a single-layer film or a two-layer film other than SOI / BOX.
- the thin film material for example, SiGe, Ge, III-V, Examples thereof include other semiconductor materials such as II-VI compound semiconductors, high dielectric constant insulating materials such as Al 2 O 3 , quartz, HfO 2 , and Graphene.
- the thickness of the other layer is uniform or the refractive index of the other layer is smaller than the layer for which the film thickness distribution measurement is to be performed, it is adequately applied. This is a possible evaluation method.
- the SOI layer thickness variation at the SOI layer thickness and the BOX layer thickness (that is, the target values for manufacturing the SOI wafer) set in the manufacturing stage of the SOI wafer to be evaluated in advance by simulation is simulated.
- the irradiation wavelength dependence of the accompanying reflectance difference and reflectance fluctuation rate is calculated, and a single wavelength ⁇ is selected from the wavelengths at which the reflectance and reflectance fluctuation increase.
- the BOX layer film thickness is fixed to a set value, and both the set value L (nm) of the SOI layer film thickness and, for example, L + 1 (nm) increased by 1 nm from the set value L (nm),
- the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R is calculated.
- a wavelength ⁇ having a sufficiently large reflectance (R) and reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R L ) of the irradiation light is selected.
- the reflectance (R) of the irradiation light calculated from the thin film thickness setting value of the wafer with thin film is 0.2 or more
- the absolute value of the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R) with respect to the thin film thickness is It is preferable to select the wavelength ⁇ so as to be 0.02 / nm or more. If the reflectance is 0.2 or more, the reflected light intensity is sufficient and accurate evaluation can be performed. If the absolute value of the reflectance fluctuation rate is 0.02 / nm or more, the sensitivity to the film thickness fluctuation is sufficient, and accurate evaluation can be performed.
- a wavelength at which the reflectance is 0.2 or more and the absolute value of the reflectance fluctuation rate is 0.02 / nm or more. If a wavelength at which the absolute value of the reflectance variation rate is 0.05 / nm or more is selected, the sensitivity to the variation in film thickness is high, and a more accurate evaluation is possible.
- a part of the surface of the SOI wafer to be evaluated is irradiated with light having a single wavelength ⁇ selected in advance as described above, and reflected light is detected from the irradiated area, and the area is divided into a number of pixels.
- the reflected light intensity By measuring the reflected light intensity, the reflected light intensity distribution in the region is obtained, and the film thickness distribution of the thin film in the region is calculated from the reflected light intensity distribution.
- irradiating light of a selected single wavelength ⁇ for example, from a light source 3 of a general optical microscope apparatus 2 equipped with a bandpass filter 1 for wavelength selection.
- the irradiation can be performed by irradiating a partial region of the wafer 4 with a thin film to be evaluated. That is, using an optical microscope apparatus 2 that emits light of a single wavelength ⁇ , a microscopic reflection image of a partial region of the wafer 4 with a thin film to be evaluated is measured, and the obtained image is analyzed to reflect the reflected light intensity for each pixel. Is measured, the reflected light intensity distribution in the region can be obtained, and the film thickness distribution of the thin film in the region can be calculated from the reflected light intensity distribution.
- OA filter, liquid crystal wavelength filter, etc. can also be used for wavelength selection. Further, it is preferable to use an irradiation system in which the light irradiation intensity in the observation field is constant and an optical detection system in which the sensitivity in the field is constant. Even in an irradiation system in which the light irradiation intensity is not constant, the light irradiation intensity can be corrected based on a reference sample surface (for example, a mirror-polished surface of a silicon single crystal wafer).
- a reference sample surface for example, a mirror-polished surface of a silicon single crystal wafer.
- the method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film according to the present invention is low in cost because it can be performed with visible light using a normal microscope optical system.
- the spatial resolution can be freely selected from about the wavelength of the irradiation light to about 100 ⁇ m by changing the magnification of the microscope.
- the size of one side of the pixel is not less than 1 ⁇ 2 of the selected wavelength ⁇ and not more than 100 ⁇ m. With such a pixel size, there is no fear that the focus is difficult to be formed, and the wafer with a thin film is more accurately
- the film thickness distribution of the thin film can be calculated.
- the entire wafer surface can be evaluated by measuring a partial region at a plurality of locations. Even when evaluating the entire surface of the wafer, the wavelength is limited to one wavelength, so the amount of calculation is small and the evaluation can be performed quickly at a low cost.
- the region irradiated with light in the method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film of the present invention can be matched with the lithography exposure site in the device manufacturing process by adjusting the magnification and field of view of the microscope. Since the site used by the stepper at the time of lithography exposure in the device manufacturing process is, for example, about 26 ⁇ 8 mm in size, it can be matched with the lithography exposure site by adjusting the magnification and field of view of the microscope.
- the thin film is a film formed on the substrate, and the irradiation light transmitted through the film is reflected at the interface with the base (substrate surface or other film), and the reflected light is reflected on the thin film.
- 3A and 5A for example, the wavelength near 600 to 650 nm is a sufficient value for both the reflectance (R 88 ) and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 88 ). It can be seen that the sensitivity to fluctuations in the SOI layer thickness is high. Therefore, for example, 630 nm is selected as the irradiation wavelength. When the wavelength is 630 nm, the reflectance (R 88 ) is 0.47, and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 88 ) is 0.0783 / nm.
- FIG. 6 shows microscopic images of the SOI layer in two measurement regions (measurement region 1 and measurement region 2) taken using light having a wavelength of 630 nm. (Pixel size 1 ⁇ m, measurement area 0.5 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm (500 ⁇ 500 pixels)).
- FIG. 7 shows a histogram of the light intensity (relative intensity) of each pixel in FIG. 6.
- Table 1 shows the SOI layer film thickness distribution (PV value) in the measurement area obtained from the spread of light intensity (histogram). ).
- the SOI layer film thickness distributions (PV values) in the measurement region 1 and the measurement region 2 are 2.46 nm and 1.40 nm, respectively.
- ⁇ R / R 88 reflectance fluctuation rate
- the wavelength near 600 to 650 nm is a sufficient value for both the reflectance (R 61 ) and the absolute value of the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 61 ). Therefore, it can be seen that the sensitivity to the fluctuation of the SOI layer film thickness is high. Therefore, for example, 630 nm is selected as the irradiation wavelength. In the case of a wavelength of 630 nm, the reflectance (R 61 ) is 0.60, and the absolute value of the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 61 ) is 0.0475 / nm.
- FIG. 8 shows microscopic images of the SOI layer in two measurement regions (measurement region 3 and measurement region 4) taken using light having a wavelength of 630 nm. (Pixel size 1 ⁇ m, measurement area 0.5 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm (500 ⁇ 500 pixels)).
- FIG. 9 shows a histogram of the light intensity (relative intensity) of each pixel in FIG. 8, and Table 2 shows the SOI layer thickness distribution (PV value) in the measurement region obtained from the spread of light intensity (histogram). ). From Table 2, it can be seen that the SOI layer film thickness distributions (PV values) in the measurement region 3 and the measurement region 4 are 6.81 nm and 3.23 nm, respectively.
- the wavelength near 400 to 410 nm is a sufficient value for both the reflectance (R 12 ) and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 12 ). It can be seen that the sensitivity to fluctuations in the SOI layer thickness is high. Therefore, for example, 400 nm is selected as the irradiation wavelength. When the wavelength is 400 nm, the reflectance (R 12 ) is 0.416, and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 12 ) is 0.0986 / nm.
- 5D shows the difference between the reflectances divided by the reflectance ( ⁇ R / R 10 ). d). 3D and 5D, for example, the wavelength near 600 to 650 nm is a sufficient value for both the reflectance (R 10 ) and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 10 ). It can be seen that the sensitivity to fluctuations in the SOI layer thickness is high. Therefore, for example, 630 nm is selected as the irradiation wavelength. When the wavelength is 630 nm, the reflectance (R 10 ) is 0.67, and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 10 ) is 0.0310 / nm.
- 3 (e) and 5 (e) for example, the wavelength near 600 to 650 nm is a sufficient value for both the reflectance (R 10 ) and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 10 ). It can be seen that the sensitivity to fluctuations in the SOI layer thickness is high. Therefore, for example, 630 nm is selected as the irradiation wavelength. When the wavelength is 630 nm, the reflectance (R 10 ) is 0.53, and the reflectance fluctuation rate ( ⁇ R / R 10 ) is 0.0436 / nm.
- Examples 3 to 6 Using the light of the wavelength selected in the above embodiments 3 to 6, the reflected light intensity for each pixel is measured in each of the two measurement regions, and the reflected light intensity distribution in the region is obtained. The film thickness distribution could be calculated. As described above, if the method for evaluating a wafer with a thin film of the present invention is used, the measurement of the micro thin film (SOI layer) film thickness distribution affecting the device over the entire surface of the wafer can be performed with high accuracy, low cost and simply. It was.
- SOI layer micro thin film
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Abstract
Description
またスペクトル測定を行うためには、広い波長範囲の波長領域が必要なため、空間分解能を高くして多点膜厚測定を行うことが事実上不可能である。よって、これらの方法でウェーハ全面を一括して測定可能な装置としては、現状では数100μm程度の空間分解能の装置しか存在しない。
前述のように、従来、薄膜(SOI層)付ウェーハの薄膜(SOI層)膜厚測定、均一性評価を、ウェーハ全面に渡って、低コストかつ簡便に行うことができる薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法が求められていた。
この図1の算出結果によれば、これら3つの波長を用いた場合の反射率はSOI層膜厚に強い依存性が見られる。すなわち、適当な波長を用いて反射率(反射光強度)を測定すれば、それをSOI層膜厚に換算することが可能であることが判った。すなわち、適当な波長を用いれば、反射率の変動が大きいSOI層膜厚領域では反射率のSOI層膜厚への換算が容易かつ正確に行うことができることが判った。
即ち、本発明においては、薄膜付ウェーハの薄膜の厚さに応じて、適当な波長λを選び、波長λの光を薄膜付ウェーハ表面に照射し、SOI表面からの反射率を、多数に分割した領域(ピクセル)毎に、高空間分解で測定することでSOI層膜厚分布、均一性評価をより正確に行うことができる。
本発明は、このSOI層膜厚とBOX層膜厚の設定値を使用して、照射光の波長と反射光の反射率等との関係をシミュレーションにより算出し、その結果から、測定を行う照射光として適切な波長λを選択してSOIウェーハに照射し、その反射光を検出することによってSOI層膜厚分布を評価するものである。
本発明の評価方法を適用することができる薄膜付ウェーハとしては、SOIウェーハが挙げられ、SOI層膜厚、BOX層膜厚のどんな組み合わせのSOIウェーハに対しても評価が可能である。また、SOIウェーハ以外でも、単層膜やSOI/BOX以外の2層膜を有する薄膜付ウェーハに対しても評価が可能であり、その薄膜材料としては、例えば、SiGe、Ge、III-V、II-VI化合物半導体等他の半導体材料、Al2O3、クォーツ、HfO2等の高誘電率絶縁材料、Graphene等が挙げられる。また、2層以上であっても、膜厚分布測定を行いたい層よりも他の層の厚さが均一であるか、あるいは、他の層の屈折率の方が小さい場合は、充分に適用できる評価方法である。
本発明の評価方法では、予めシミュレーションにより、評価するSOIウェーハの製造段階で設定されたSOI層膜厚、BOX層膜厚(即ち、SOIウェーハ製造上の狙い値)において、SOI層膜厚変動に伴う反射率差及び反射率変動率の照射波長依存性を算出しておき、反射率、反射率変動の大きくなる波長から単一波長λを選択する。
反射率が0.2以上であれば、反射光強度が十分であり、正確な評価を行うことができる。また、反射率変動率の絶対値が0.02/nm以上であれば、膜厚変動に対する感度が十分なものとなり、正確な評価を行うことができる。従って、反射率が0.2以上、反射率変動率の絶対値が0.02/nm以上となる波長を選択することが好ましい。また、反射率変動率の絶対値が0.05/nm以上となる波長を選択すれば、膜厚変動に対する感度が高く、より正確な評価が可能となる。
即ち、単一波長λの光を照射する光学顕微鏡装置2を用い、評価する薄膜付ウェーハ4の一部領域の顕微鏡反射像を測定し、得られた画像を解析してピクセル毎の反射光強度を測定することによって、前記領域内の反射光強度分布を求め、この反射光強度分布から前記領域内における薄膜の膜厚分布を算出することができる。
また、ピクセルの一辺のサイズを、選択した波長λの1/2以上100μm以下とすることが好ましく、このようなピクセルサイズであれば、焦点が結びにくくなる恐れがなく、より正確に薄膜付ウェーハの薄膜の膜厚分布を算出することができる。
また、一部領域の測定を複数箇所で行うことで、ウェーハ全面の評価も可能である。ウェーハ全面の評価であっても、波長を一波長に限定しているため計算量が少なく低コストですばやく評価が可能である。
<膜厚設定値:SOI/BOX/(Si基板)=88nm/145nm/(Si基板)>
まず、図3(a)に示すように、BOX層膜厚を設定値である145nmに固定し、SOI層膜厚の設定値である88nmと、それより1nmだけ増加した89nmの両者について、反射率Rの波長依存性を算出する。算出に際しては、波長400~800nmの範囲において、SOI層とSi基板の屈折率として3.68~5.59、BOX層の屈折率として1.45~1.47を使用した。(屈折率は文献値で、波長依存性あり。)
その反射率の差(ΔR=R89-R88)を取ったものが図4(a)であり、更に、反射率の差を反射率で割ったもの(ΔR/R88)を図5(a)に示す。図3(a)、5(a)より、例えば600~650nm付近の波長は、反射率(R88)、及び、反射率変動率(ΔR/R88)のいずれも十分な値であるため、SOI層膜厚の変動に感度が高いことがわかる。そこで、照射波長として例えば630nmを選択する。波長630nmの場合、反射率(R88)は0.47、反射率変動率(ΔR/R88)は0.0783/nmである。
上記実施態様1におけるシミュレーション結果に基づき、図6に630nmの波長の光を使って取った2箇所の測定領域(測定領域1、測定領域2)におけるSOI層の顕微鏡像を示す。(ピクセルサイズ1μm、測定領域0.5mm×0.5mm(500×500ピクセル))。
図7は、図6の各ピクセルの光強度(相対強度)のヒストグラムを示しており、表1に、光強度の広がり(ヒストグラム)から求めた測定領域のSOI層膜厚分布(P-V値)を示す。
尚、表1中の反射強度バラツキ(A)は、最大反射強度(Max)、最小反射強度(Min)、平均反射強度(M)により算出された値(A=(Max-Min)/M)であり、ΔR/R88(反射率変動率)は、図5(a)から求められたSOI層膜厚1nm当たりの反射率変動率である。従って、測定領域内におけるSOI層膜厚分布(P-V値)をΔtとすると、A=Δt×(ΔR/R88)の関係からSOI層膜厚分布Δtを算出することができる。
<膜厚設定値:SOI/BOX/(Si基板)=61nm/145nm/(Si基板)>
まず、図3(b)に示すように、BOX層膜厚を設定値である145nmに固定し、SOI層膜厚の設定値である61nmと、それより1nmだけ増加した62nmの両者について、反射率Rの波長依存性を算出する。
その反射率の差(ΔR=R61-R62)を取ったものが図4(b)であり、更に、反射率の差を反射率で割ったもの(ΔR/R61)を図5(b)に示す。図3(b)、5(b)より、例えば600~650nm付近の波長は、反射率(R61)、及び、反射率変動率(ΔR/R61)の絶対値のいずれも十分な値であるため、SOI層膜厚の変動に感度が高いことがわかる。そこで、照射波長として例えば630nmを選択する。波長630nmの場合、反射率(R61)は0.60、反射率変動率(ΔR/R61)の絶対値は0.0475/nmである。
図8に630nmの波長の光を使って取った2箇所の測定領域(測定領域3、測定領域4)におけるSOI層の顕微鏡像を示す。(ピクセルサイズ1μm、測定領域0.5mm×0.5mm(500×500ピクセル))。
図9は、図8の各ピクセルの光強度(相対強度)のヒストグラムを示しており、表2に、光強度の広がり(ヒストグラム)から求めた測定領域のSOI層膜厚分布(P-V値)を示す。
まず、図3(c)に示すように、BOX層膜厚を設定値である145nmに固定し、SOI層膜厚の設定値である12nmと、それより1nmだけ増加した13nmの両者について、反射率Rの波長依存性を算出する。
その反射率の差(ΔR=R12-R13)を取ったものが図4(c)であり、更に、反射率の差を反射率で割ったもの(ΔR/R12)を図5(c)に示す。図3(c),5(c)より、例えば400~410nm付近の波長は、反射率(R12)、及び、反射率変動率(ΔR/R12)のいずれも十分な値であるため、SOI層膜厚の変動に感度が高いことがわかる。そこで、照射波長として例えば400nmを選択する。波長400nmの場合、反射率(R12)は0.416、反射率変動率(ΔR/R12)は0.0986/nmである。
まず、図3(d)に示すように、BOX層膜厚を設定値である145nmに固定し、Ge層膜厚の設定値である10nmと、それより1nmだけ増加した11nmの両者について、反射率Rの波長依存性を算出する。算出に際しては、波長400~800nmの範囲において、Ge層の屈折率は4.08~5.77を使用した。(屈折率は文献値で、波長依存性あり。)
その反射率の差(ΔR=R11-R10)を取ったものが図4(d)であり、更に、反射率の差を反射率で割ったもの(ΔR/R10)を図5(d)に示す。図3(d)、5(d)より、例えば600~650nm付近の波長は、反射率(R10)、及び、反射率変動率(ΔR/R10)のいずれも十分な値であるため、SOI層膜厚の変動に感度が高いことがわかる。そこで、照射波長として例えば630nmを選択する。波長630nmの場合、反射率(R10)は0.67、反射率変動率(ΔR/R10)は0.0310/nmである。
<膜厚設定値:InGaAs/SiO2/(Si基板)=10nm/145nm/(Si基板)>
まず、図3(e)に示すように、BOX層膜厚を設定値である145nmに固定し、InGaAs層膜厚の設定値である10nmと、それより1nmだけ増加した11nmの両者について、反射率Rの波長依存性を算出する。算出に際しては、波長400~800nmの範囲において、InGaAs層の屈折率は3.51~4.61を使用した。(屈折率は文献値で、波長依存性あり。)
その反射率の差(ΔR=R11-R10)を取ったものが図4(e)であり、更に、反射率の差を反射率で割ったもの(ΔR/R10)を図5(e)に示す。図3(e)、5(e)より、例えば600~650nm付近の波長は、反射率(R10)、及び、反射率変動率(ΔR/R10)のいずれも十分な値であるため、SOI層膜厚の変動に感度が高いことがわかる。そこで、照射波長として例えば630nmを選択する。波長630nmの場合、反射率(R10)は0.53、反射率変動率(ΔR/R10)は0.0436/nmである。
<膜厚設定値:Si/(石英基板)=60nm/(石英基板)>
石英基板上のSi薄膜の場合、図3(f)に示すように、Si薄膜の膜厚の設定値である60nmと、それより1nmだけ増加した61nmの両者について、反射率Rの波長依存性を算出する。算出に際しては、波長400~800nmの範囲において、Si薄膜の屈折率は3.68~5.59、石英基板(SiO2)の屈折率は1.45~1.47を使用した。(屈折率は文献値で、波長依存性あり。)
その反射率の差(ΔR=R61-R60)を取ったものが図4(f)であり、更に、反射率の差を反射率で割ったもの(ΔR/R60)を図5(f)に示す。図3(f)、5(f)より、例えば460nm付近の波長は、反射率(R60)、及び、反射率変動率(ΔR/R9)のいずれも十分な値であるため、SOI層膜厚の変動に感度が高いことがわかる。そこで、照射波長として例えば460nmを選択する。波長460nmの場合、反射率(R60)は0.46、反射率変動率(ΔR/R60)は0.0813/nmである。
上記の実施態様3~6において選択された波長の光を使って、それぞれ2カ所の測定領域においてピクセル毎の反射光強度を測定し、領域内の反射光強度分布を求めることで、各薄膜の膜厚分布を算出することができた。
以上により、本発明の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法を用いれば、デバイスに影響するミクロな薄膜(SOI層)膜厚分布のウェーハ全面に渡る測定を、高精度で低コストかつ簡便に行うことができた。
Claims (9)
- 基板の表面上に薄膜を有する薄膜付ウェーハの前記薄膜の膜厚分布を算出する薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法であって、
前記薄膜付ウェーハ表面の一部領域に単一波長λの光を照射し、前記領域からの反射光を検出して前記領域を多数に分割したピクセル毎の反射光強度を測定することによって、前記領域内の反射光強度分布を求め、該反射光強度分布から前記領域内における薄膜の膜厚分布を算出することを特徴とする薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記波長λとして、前記薄膜付ウェーハの薄膜の膜厚設定値から算出される照射光の反射率(R)が0.2以上、かつ、前記薄膜膜厚に対する反射率変動率(ΔR/R)の絶対値が0.02/nm以上となるように前記波長λを選択することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記反射率変動率(ΔR/R)の絶対値が0.05/nm以上となるように前記波長λを選択することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記波長λは、可視光波長から選択された単一の波長であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記ピクセルの一辺のサイズを、前記波長λの1/2以上100μm以下とすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記領域をデバイス製造工程のリソグラフィー露光サイトに一致させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記領域内における薄膜の膜厚分布の算出を、複数箇所で行うことにより、前記薄膜付ウェーハ全面の膜厚分布を求めることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記評価する薄膜付ウェーハとして、前記基板と前記薄膜との間、又は前記薄膜上に、第二薄膜が形成された薄膜付ウェーハを用いることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記基板及び前記薄膜がシリコン単結晶であり、前記基板と前記薄膜との間に形成された前記第二薄膜がシリコン酸化膜であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の薄膜付ウェーハの評価方法。
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KR20130113923A (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
EP2579302B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
CN102918639A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
EP2579302A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2579302A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
US20130063733A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
CN102918639B (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
JP5365581B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
KR101656436B1 (ko) | 2016-09-09 |
US8976369B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
JP2011249621A (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
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