WO2011120324A1 - 自动跟踪太阳光装置 - Google Patents

自动跟踪太阳光装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120324A1
WO2011120324A1 PCT/CN2011/000029 CN2011000029W WO2011120324A1 WO 2011120324 A1 WO2011120324 A1 WO 2011120324A1 CN 2011000029 W CN2011000029 W CN 2011000029W WO 2011120324 A1 WO2011120324 A1 WO 2011120324A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rigid
solar panel
rope
transmission
worm gear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000029
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘建中
Original Assignee
Liu Jianzhong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liu Jianzhong filed Critical Liu Jianzhong
Priority to AU2011235479A priority Critical patent/AU2011235479B2/en
Priority to CA2789510A priority patent/CA2789510A1/en
Priority to US13/580,910 priority patent/US20120318325A1/en
Priority to KR1020127021990A priority patent/KR101421467B1/ko
Priority to JP2012552239A priority patent/JP5378610B2/ja
Priority to EP11761899.1A priority patent/EP2546975B1/en
Priority to BR112012021658-9A priority patent/BR112012021658B1/pt
Priority to CN2011100726931A priority patent/CN102269996B/zh
Publication of WO2011120324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120324A1/zh
Priority to US14/255,690 priority patent/US20140224300A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/70—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules with means for adjusting the final position or orientation of supporting elements in relation to each other or to a mounting surface; with means for compensating mounting tolerances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
    • G05D3/10—Control of position or direction without using feedback
    • G05D3/105—Solar tracker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/11—Driving means
    • F24S2030/115—Linear actuators, e.g. pneumatic cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/133—Transmissions in the form of flexible elements, e.g. belts, chains, ropes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/134—Transmissions in the form of gearings or rack-and-pinion transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/16—Hinged elements; Pin connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization equipment, in particular to an automatic tracking solar device with dual-axis tracking sunlight function.
  • the automatic tracking solar device comprising a solar panel fixing frame, a support frame, a pitch angle tracking member and a left and right angle tracking member, wherein the solar panel is
  • the fixing frame is connected to the support frame by a three-dimensional joint, the three-dimensional joint comprises a pitch angle rotation support shaft and a left and right angle rotation support shaft arranged in a cross shape, and the three-dimensional joint rotates the support shaft and the support frame by the pitch angle An articulated connection;
  • the three-dimensional joint is hingedly connected to the solar panel fixing bracket by rotating the support shaft;
  • a rigid bracket is hinged on the solar panel mount or fixedly coupled to the left and right corner rotation support shafts of the three-dimensional joint, and the rigid bracket can only rotate synchronously with the pitch angle of the solar panel mount;
  • the pitch angle tracking member includes at least a first transmission member that can rotate the solar panel holder against the pitch angle rotation support shaft of the three-dimensional joint, and a first driving device for adjusting the position of the first transmission member.
  • the first driving device is disposed on the support frame;
  • the left and right angle tracking member includes at least a second transmission member that can rotate the solar panel holder around the left and right corner rotation support shafts of the three-dimensional joint, and a second driving device for driving the second transmission member.
  • the second drive device is fixed to the rigid bracket.
  • the second transmission component is a rigid semi-circular arc body having a transmission structure thereon, the rigid semi-circular arc body is fixedly connected to the solar panel fixing frame at both ends, and the second driving device drives the rigid semi-circular arc body Turn.
  • the rigid semi-circular arc body has a toothed transmission structure
  • the second driving device comprises a motor and a worm gear reducer
  • a gear-shaped transmission structure is mounted on the output shaft of the worm gear reducer. Engaged gears.
  • the rigid semicircular arc body has a chain groove transmission structure, and the second driving device
  • the motor and the worm gear reducer are included, and a sprocket matched with the chain-like transmission structure is mounted on the output shaft of the worm gear reducer. .
  • the second transmission component is a rope body including a first transmission rope and a second transmission rope
  • the second driving device includes a motor and a worm gear reducer, and is mounted on an output shaft of the worm gear reducer a rope-matching sheave
  • the sheave is a columnar shape having a small intermediate diameter and a large diameter at both ends, and two first spiral guide grooves and a symmetry about the intermediate section of the sheave are provided on the sheave cylinder surface a second spiral guiding groove;
  • the first driving rope and the second driving rope are respectively disposed in the first spiral guiding groove and the second spiral guiding groove, one end of which is fixed in the corresponding spiral guiding groove, and the other end is connected to the solar battery
  • the two are in a retractable relationship.
  • One end of the first transmission member is coupled to the solar panel holder and the other end is coupled to the rigid bracket. .
  • the first transmission component is a rope body including a third transmission rope and a fourth transmission rope
  • the first driving device includes a motor and a worm gear reducer, and an output shaft of the worm gear reducer
  • Mounting a sheave matched with a rope body the sheave is a columnar shape having a small intermediate diameter and a large diameter at both ends, and two third spiral guides symmetrically about the middle section of the sheave are provided on the sheave cylinder surface a slot and a fourth spiral guiding groove;
  • the third transmission rope and the fourth transmission rope are respectively disposed in the third spiral guiding groove and the fourth spiral guiding groove, and one end thereof is fixed in the corresponding spiral guiding groove, and the other end is fixed They are connected to the solar panel holder and the rigid bracket respectively, and the two are in a retractable relationship.
  • the first transmission component is a rigid arc body, and the rigid arc body has a toothed transmission structure, and the first driving device comprises a motor and a worm gear reducer, and the output of the worm gear reducer A gear that cooperates with a toothed transmission configuration is mounted on the shaft.
  • the first transmission component is a rigid arc body, and the rigid arc body has a chain groove-shaped transmission structure, and the first driving device comprises a motor and a worm gear reducer, and the output of the worm gear reducer A sprocket that cooperates with the chain-like transmission structure is mounted on the shaft.
  • the first transmission component is a rigid arc body, and the rigid arc body has a groove-shaped or hole-shaped positioning structure, and the first driving device comprises a fixing hole fixed on the support frame and can A locating pin that is inserted between the fixed hole and the rigid arc.
  • the first transmission component is an electric linear push rod or a hydraulic linear push rod, one end of which is hinged on the support frame, and the other end is hinged on the solar panel fixing frame or the rigid bracket.
  • the first transmission component is a rigid arc body, one end of which is connected to the rigid bracket or hinged on the solar panel fixture, and the other end is connected to the support frame;
  • the rigid arc has a groove shape or
  • the first driving device comprises a fixing hole fixed on the support frame and a positioning pin which can be inserted between the fixing hole and the rigid arc body.
  • the device is simple and reasonable in structure, good in mechanical properties, robust in structure, flexible in combination, and easy to realize large-scale production.
  • the device solves the problem of swinging on the north and south sides of the direct sunlight point within the regression line, and has a wide range of use.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of the first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of a part of the first embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of various forms of three-dimensional joints
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of solar panel installation
  • Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the second embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of the third embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a structural view of the sheave
  • Figure 8 is a structural view of the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 10 is a structural view of Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 11 is a structural view of the seventh embodiment;
  • the automatic tracking solar device comprises a solar panel holder 1, a support frame 2, a pitch angle tracking member and a left and right angle tracking member.
  • the direction parallel to the plane of the solar panel holder 1 and along the solar trajectory is defined as the Y direction, which will be parallel to the plane of the solar panel holder 1 and
  • the direction along the solar year running track is defined as the Z direction, and the direction perpendicular to the YZ plane and toward the back surface of the solar panel holder 1 is the X direction.
  • the solar panel holder 1 is a spliced frame structure (or an aluminum profiled frame structure) for fixing the solar panel 11.
  • the solar panel holder 1 and the solar panel 11 may be mounted in parallel or at an oblique angle to each other.
  • the support frame 2 is a welded herringbone steel structure, and the lower end of the support frame is fixed to the foundation by fastening bolts, and the upper end of the support frame 2 is connected to the solar panel fixing frame 1 through the three-dimensional joints 3.
  • the three-dimensional joint 3 includes a pitch angle rotation support shaft 31 and a left and right angle rotation support shaft 32 arranged in a cross shape, and the two shafts exist in various forms. According to whether the two axes are on the same plane, they can be divided into two basic forms: the cross-cross (the two axes are not on the same plane) and the intersecting cross-axis (the two axes are on the same plane).
  • cross-crossing There are two specific forms of cross-crossing. One is that the two shafts are integrated by welding, as shown by A in Fig. 3; the other is that the pitch angle rotation support shaft 31 rotates through the left and right corners to support the shaft 32, and the pitch angle The rotation support shaft 31 is rotatable relative to the right and left corners to rotate the support shaft 32 to form a slip joint condition.
  • the intersecting cross shaft has two forms of existence. One is that both axes are welded to the connecting block, and the two axes are not on the same plane, as shown by B in Fig. 3; in another case, one shaft is connected to the connecting block. On the other hand, the other shaft is passed through the through hole in the connecting block to form the situation shown by C in FIG.
  • the solar panel fixing frame 1 can be rotated about the left and right corners of the support shaft 32 and the pitch angle rotation support shaft 31, respectively.
  • the three-dimensional joint 3 is disposed at the center of gravity of the solar panel holder 1 to achieve a reasonable distribution of the weight of the solar panel 11 and the solar panel holder 1, and is a main force point.
  • the pitch angle tracking member includes a first transmission member that is preferably provided with a rigid arc of the transmission structure, labeled as a rigid arc 43.
  • the rigid arc 43 is hinged at the back of the solar panel holder 1.
  • the hinge point should be located on the extension line of the left and right corner rotation support axial direction of the three-dimensional joint 3, and the other end is connected by a splicing or bolt. It is fixed to the free end of the rigid bracket 51, so the rigid arc body, the rigid bracket, and the left and right corner rotation support shafts are integrally connected and located in the same plane.
  • the rigid bracket 51 is an H-shaped rod bracket welded to the left and right corner rotation support shafts of the three-dimensional joint 3, and can only rotate synchronously with the pitch angle of the solar panel fixture 1, and does not rotate with the solar panel holder 1 to the left and right.
  • the first drive unit 81 is fixedly mounted on the support frame 2, which is preferably a synchronous motor and is equipped with a worm gear reducer.
  • a gear is mounted on the output shaft of the worm gear reducer, here denoted as a first gear 61, the first gear 61 meshes with the teeth on the rigid arc 43 and the first gear 61 controls the operation of the rigid arch 43 to drive the solar energy
  • the panel holder 1 is rotated about the rotation angle support shaft 31 of the three-dimensional joint, and the purpose of adjusting the pitch angle can be achieved.
  • control program is set up in a simple and reasonable manner.
  • the teeth on the rigid arc 43 are arranged in a reasonable ratio with 180°, and the fan and ground planes formed are perpendicular to the earth's warp direction, and the rigid semi-arc body 7 The fan is vertical.
  • the left and right angle tracking member includes a semicircular rigid semicircular arc body 7 provided with a transmission structure, and the transmission structure is a tooth which is proportionally disposed on the rigid semicircular arc body according to the solar sun angle change data, and forms a large ring gear shape.
  • the rigid semi-arc body 7 is fixed at both ends by bolts or welded to the solar panel holder 1.
  • the two fixed points are located on a virtual extension line of the three-dimensional joint pitch rotation support shaft for controlling solar energy.
  • the panel holder rotates around the support shaft around the left and right corners of the three-dimensional joint for rotation.
  • the second driving device 82 is preferably a synchronous motor and equipped with a worm gear reducer; it is fixedly mounted on the free end of the rigid bracket 51, and A gear is mounted on the output shaft of the worm gear reducer, here denoted as the second gear 62, and the second gear meshes with the rigid semi-circular arc body 7, and controls the operation of the rigid semicircular arc body 7, thereby realizing control of the solar panel fixing Frame 1 adjusts the left and right corners.
  • the support frame 2 is inclined at a certain angle according to the latitude of the area of use.
  • the initial starting position of the solar panel holder 1 can be extended to an east-north angle by installing or assembling the solar panels 11 on the solar panel holder 1 at a certain inclination angle.
  • the rigid semi-circular arc 7 is located perpendicular to the plane of the solar panel holder 1 .
  • the program control box that controls the operation of the first drive unit 81 and the second drive unit 82 can be mounted on the support frame 2 or a central control system.
  • the motor running control program is set according to the astronomical constant. By setting a reasonable program, the two driving devices work together to simulate the solar day running trajectory, so that the device has the function of accurately tracking the sun with two axes.
  • the automatic tracking solar device before the sunrise in the morning, the automatic tracking solar device is in an initial state, facing the sunrise direction; starting from the initial state after the morning sunrise, the program controls the second driving device to work, and then drives the solar battery through the second transmission component.
  • the plate holder rotates at the left and right corners and upwards until the time is set before the sunset.
  • the program controls the operation of the first driving device, and then drives the solar panel fixing frame to operate according to the programmed angle through the first transmission component.
  • the first driving device After reaching the corresponding point of the maximum altitude angle of the sun on the day of noon, the first driving device reverses to the set angle under the control of the program, (this simplifies the complex astronomical calculation to the rigid arc 43 and the rigidity.
  • the semi-circular arc 72 is between the two vertically intersecting transmission members, and the number of teeth corresponding to the number of teeth and the pitch angle corresponding to the predetermined degree is rotated by the predetermined number of times by the right and left angles for a predetermined period of time, and the number of teeth corresponding to the predetermined number of degrees is rotated to coordinate the operation to realize the coordinate point. correspond).
  • a correction in the direction of the pitch angle is achieved to ensure that the solar panel 11 is always perpendicular to the sunlight.
  • the two drives operate in unison until the time specified before the sunset in the afternoon stops, and finally the program controls the automatic tracking of the solar device back to the initial state in the morning.
  • the program controls the solar panel holder to be in a horizontal state, Wind condition;
  • the program controls the solar panel holder to be vertical, in order to avoid snow.
  • This operation mode has the advantages of accurate tracking and minimizing the refraction loss of light. It is especially suitable for concentrating solar power generation devices with high tracking accuracy and accurate tracking of sunlight. At the same time, grouping solar panels installed at a certain angle of inclination also serves to reduce the wind resistance. The disadvantage is that both drives must work in a timely manner, and the device itself consumes more power.
  • the rigid arc body 43 has a hole-shaped positioning structure, and the positioning structure is an array of positioning holes 44 uniformly distributed on the rigid arc body, so that the angle is adjusted and Fixed function.
  • a fixing hole corresponding to the positioning hole 44 is provided on the support frame 2 near the rigid arc.
  • a positioning pin 45 (round pin) can be inserted between the positioning hole 44 and the fixing hole to lock the rigid arc and the support frame together.
  • a simple, manually controlled, first drive is constructed to allow manual adjustment of the pitch angle.
  • the left and right angle tracking members are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • This method can achieve the purpose of automatically tracking the sunlight by a single axis, and the adjustment of the pitch angle needs to be manually adjusted.
  • the second transmission member rotates the number of teeth corresponding to the predetermined degree by a predetermined time, and drives the solar panel fixing frame 1 to track the position change of the sun every day until the time specified before the afternoon sunset stops, and finally returns to the initial state in the morning.
  • the pitch angle is manually adjusted according to the height of the sun in a year, and the synchronous motor in the first embodiment can be omitted, and the positioning pin 45 can be locked.
  • the work is simple and easy, and the purpose of adjusting the pitch angle is achieved by the manual positioning device mounted on the support frame, and the function of automatically tracking the sun by a single axis is realized. .
  • the advantage is that the cost is reduced, the power consumption of the tracking is reduced, and the driver only needs to control the right and left angles to rotate regularly, which is the most simplified and the cost is greatly reduced; the disadvantage is that the pitch angle needs to be manually adjusted, and there is a certain Tracking error (average of less than 5% throughout the year) does not achieve the goal of maximizing the use of solar energy.
  • the first transmission component is a rope-like body.
  • the moving rope includes a third transmission rope 41 and a fourth transmission rope 42.
  • the first driving device comprises a motor and a worm gear reducer, and a sheave 9 matched with the driving rope is mounted on the output shaft of the worm gear reducer, and the sheave 9 is a columnar shape having a small intermediate diameter and a large diameter at both ends. And the diameter gradually changes from the middle to the sides.
  • a third spiral guiding groove 91 and a fourth spiral guiding groove 92 are formed on the sprocket cylinder surface with respect to the middle section of the sheave. The two spiral guiding grooves are opposite in rotation, and the depth of the two guiding grooves is entangled according to the driving rope. Need to design.
  • the third driving rope 41 and the fourth driving rope 42 are respectively disposed in the third spiral guiding groove and the fourth spiral guiding groove, wherein one end of the third driving rope 41 is fixed to the right side of the third spiral guiding groove 91, and the other end is connected On the solar panel fixing frame 1; one end of the fourth driving rope 42 is fixed to the right side of the fourth spiral guiding groove 92, and the other end is connected to the rigid bracket 51.
  • the third drive rope collects the rope, and the fourth drive rope releases the rope, and the relationship between them is reversed, and vice versa.
  • the pitch angle tracking member is a linear push rod 46 which is respectively hinged on the rigid bracket 51 and the support frame 2, and the linear push rod is driven by a motor.
  • the screw is telescoped, and the solar panel holder 1 is controlled to rotate the support shaft 31 by a corresponding angle around the pitch angle.
  • the hydraulic linear push rod and the pneumatic linear push rod can replace the electric linear push rod equivalently.
  • the accurate tracking mode of the pitch motion tracking member and the left and right angle tracking member can be used in the first embodiment.
  • the angle of the device tracking is limited. It is also possible to adopt a method in which the angle is adjusted by the linear push rod 46 every other fixed number of days according to the change of the height angle of the sun in one year.
  • the two ends of the linear push rod 46 are respectively hinged on the solar panel fixing frame 1 and the support frame 2 to adjust the pitch angle.
  • the three-dimensional joint 3, the solar panel holder 1, the support frame 2, and the left and right angle tracking members are basically the same as the first embodiment, except that: the first transmission member and the second transmission member are both
  • the rigid circular arc body with the toothed transmission structure is referred to as a rigid arc body 43 and a rigid semicircular arc body 7, the rigid arc body 43 is a quarter arc, and the rigid semicircular arc body 7 is a semicircular arc.
  • the rigid bracket 5 is a quarter arc equal to the radius of the rigid arc body 43, and the two are combined to form a semi-circular arc.
  • the pitch angle tracking member includes a solar panel fixing frame 1, a rigid arc body 43, a rigid bracket 51', a support frame 2, a three-dimensional joint 3, and a first driving device 81.
  • the rigid arc body 43 and the curved rigid bracket 51' are integrally connected to form a semi-circular arc of 180 degrees as a whole, and the two ends thereof are hinged on the solar panel fixing frame 1 along the Z-axis. Preferably, the two hinge points are located.
  • the left and right corners of the three-dimensional joint 3 are rotated to support the extension line of the shaft.
  • the outer edge (or inner edge) of the rigid arc 43 is proportionally set according to the annual variation data of the height angle of the sun.
  • the first drive unit 81 mounted on the support frame 2 can effectively drive the rigid arc 43 movement through the gears on its output shaft.
  • the control program the number of teeth corresponding to the annual change of the solar arc angle of the rigid arc 43 is controlled, and the number of angles corresponding to the rotation of the solar panel holder 1 is driven to achieve the purpose of tracking the change of the angle of the solar year.
  • the transmission structure on the rigid semi-circular arc body in this embodiment can replace the gear transmission with the chain slot sprocket transmission structure and the friction wheel transmission structure, and the same transmission effect can be obtained.
  • the difference from the fifth embodiment is that the second driving device 82 falls inside the support frame 2 such that the operation section of the second driving device 82 is inside the opening angle of the upper end of the support frame 2.
  • the support frame 2 is generally an "A" frame structure having an open upper portion and is fixedly mounted on the base.
  • the direct point of the sun will cross the zenith, and the elevation angle of the solar panel fixing frame 1 will sometimes exceed 180 degrees, in order to prevent the support frame 2 from being hindered from being mounted on the rigid support.
  • the plate holder 1 can accurately track the change of the north-south elevation angle of the solar year near the equator at 23. 5 degrees.
  • the three-dimensional joint, the solar panel holder, the support frame, and the rigid bracket are basically the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the pitch angle tracking member is basically the same as the third embodiment.
  • the second transmission component is a rope body including the first transmission rope 71 and the second transmission rope 72
  • the second driving device 82 includes a motor and a worm gear reducer
  • the transmission of the worm gear reducer A sheave that can be matched with the drive rope is mounted on the shaft, and the sheave has the same structure as the sheave of the third embodiment, and is also a columnar shape having a small intermediate diameter and a large diameter at both ends, and is provided on the sprocket cylinder surface.
  • first spiral guiding grooves and a second spiral guiding groove which are symmetric about the middle section of the sheave; the first driving rope 71 and the second driving rope 72 are respectively disposed in the first spiral guiding groove and the second spiral guiding groove, One end is fixed in the corresponding spiral guiding groove, and the other end is connected to the solar panel fixing frame 1, and the two are in a retractable relationship.
  • the balance generated by the relationship between the straight line and the arc can be effectively absorbed, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the solar panel fixing frame 1 to adjust the left and right corners.
  • the present invention can change the control box into a centralized control by the general control center to realize various control modes such as light-sensing tracking, wind-proof and snow-proof functions, and the device itself has good sand control. Anti-rust function.

Description

自动跟踪太阳光装置 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能利用设备技术领域，具体地说是一种具备双轴跟踪太阳光 功能的自动跟踪太阳光装置。
背景技术
由于化石能源的日益枯竭， 以及其在生产和使用过程中造成的环境污染、温 室效应等问题越来越严重，使得新能源的开发和利用已经越来越受各国重视。其 中， 太阳能作为一种高效清洁、 分布广泛、 几乎可以无限利用的新型能源， 吸引 人们对其研发的投入逐渐加大。但是， 目前在太阳能利用方面， 尤其是在光伏发 电领域： 利用率低， 发电成本高昂仍是普遍存在的问题。这主要表现在以下两个 方面:其一， 由于现在的光伏发电技术所使用的光伏电池主要采用的是单晶硅和 多晶硅等半导体材料， 其价格昂贵； 其二， 目前高质量的单晶硅电池板， 其光电 转化率也仅能达到 1 7 %左右，且其最长使用寿命只有二十几年，这样也加大了 太阳能发电的成本， 增加了太阳能发电市场化的难度。 因此， 在想方设法降低电 池板成本、开发利用新的光电转化率更高的电池板材料的同时，如何提高现有光 伏电池板的单位发电效率， 就成为降低太阳能发电成本的主要途径之一。
现在的太阳能光伏发电系统，大多是将太阳能电池板固定安装，这样就仅能 保证在每年的某一天的某一时间，太阳光以最佳角度照射，所以太阳光的利用率 相对较低。 如果使太阳能电池板能始终与太阳光保持最佳角度或采用聚光技术， 就可以用同样面积的电池板原件， 获得更多的电能， 这一切都需要一种成熟、可 靠的太阳光跟踪技术。据研究，采用跟踪技术比固定安装的太阳能电池板发电量 因不同地区光照条件不同， 可以提高 30% - 50%以上。 但是现有的太阳光跟踪 技术大都因为结构复杂等原因导致成本偏高， 甚至超过发电装置总投资的 3 0 % , 而且跟踪本身要有电能损耗， 占用的土地也比固定安装时多， 设备的养护、 维修又需要额外增加技术人员， 装置运行风险也大于固定安装等等； 同时， 为了 降低跟踪成本， 生产厂家现在将跟踪装置造的越来越大， 这又产生了风阻加大、 安装维护难度增加、对道路和地基要求提高等一系列问题，使得跟踪技术；^生的 效果的吸引力大大降低， 阻碍了太阳光跟踪技术的商业化发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具备双轴跟踪能力的自动跟踪太阳光装置，同时具 有结构牢靠、 低成本、 低功耗、 运行可靠和便于日常维护的特点。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是: 该自动跟踪太阳光装置， 包括 太阳能电池板固定架、 支撑架、 俯仰角跟踪构件和左右角跟踪构件， 其特征是， 所述的太阳能电池板固定架通过三维活节与支撑架连接，所述的三维活节包 括呈十字状布置的俯仰角旋转支撑轴和左右角旋转支撑轴，所述的三维活节通过 俯仰角旋转支撑轴与支撑架铰接连接；所述的三维活节通过左右角旋转支撑轴与 太阳能电池板固定架铰接连接；
一刚性支架铰接在太阳能电池板固定架上或固定连接在三维活节的左右角 旋转支撑轴上，所述的刚性支架只能随太阳能电池板固定架的俯仰角进行同步转 动；
所述的俯仰角跟踪构件至少包括可以使太阳能电池板固定架依托所述三维 活节的俯仰角旋转支撑轴进行转动的第一传动部件和用于调节第一传动部件位 置的第一驱动装置， 所述第一驱动装置设置在支撑架上；
所述的左右角跟踪构件至少包括可以使太阳能电池板固定架绕所述三维活 节的左右角旋转支撑轴进行转动的第二传动部件和用于驱动第二传动部件动作 的第二驱动装置， 所述第二驱动装置固定在刚性支架上。
所述第二传动部件为其上设有传动构造的刚性半圆弧体，所述的刚性半圆弧 体两端固定连接在太阳能电池板固定架上， 第二驱动装置驱动刚性半圆弧体转 动。
进一步地， 所述的刚性半圆弧体上具有齿状的传动构造， 所述第二驱动装置 包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与齿状的传动构 造相啮合的齿轮。
进一步地， 所述刚性半圆弧体上具有链槽状的传动构造， 所述第二驱动装 置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与链槽状的传 动构造相配合的链轮。.
所述第二传动部件为包括第一传动绳和第二传动绳在内的绳状体， 所述第 二驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装可以 和绳状体相配合的绳轮， 所述绳轮为中间直径小、两端直径大的柱状， 且在绳轮 柱面上设有两个关于绳轮中间断面对称的第一螺旋导向槽和第二螺旋导向槽；所 述的第一传动绳和第二传动绳分别设置在第一螺旋导向槽和第二螺旋导向槽内， 其一端固定在相应的螺旋导向槽内，另一端连接在太阳能电池板固定架上，二者 之间为收放关系， 在绳轮旋转时， 两根传动绳一收一放， 且收放量不同， 可以有 效吸收两传动绳直线收放两不同的量。
所述第一传动部件的一端连接在太阳能电池板固定架上，另一端连接在刚性 支架上。 .
进一步地，所述的第一传动部件为包括第三传动绳和第四传动绳在内的绳状 体，所述第一驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴 上安装与绳状体相配合的绳轮， 所述绳轮为中间直径小、两端直径大的柱状， 且 在绳轮柱面上设有两个关于绳轮中间断面对称的第三螺旋导向槽和第四螺旋导 向槽；所述的第三传动绳和第四传动绳分别设置在第三螺旋导向槽和第四螺旋导 向槽内'，其一端固定在对应的螺旋导向槽内，另一端分别连接在太阳能电池板固 定架和刚性支架上， 二者之间为收放关系。
进一步地，所述的第一传动部件为刚性弧体，所述的刚性弧体上具有齿状的 传动结构，所述第一驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的 输出轴上安装与齿状的传动构造相配合的齿轮。
进一步地， 所述的第一传动部件为刚性弧体， 所述刚性弧体上具有链槽状 的传动构造，所述第一驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器 的输出轴上安装与链槽状的传动构造相配合的链轮。
进一步地，所述的第一传动部件为刚性弧体，所述的刚性弧体上具有槽状或 孔状的定位结构，所述的第一驱动装置包括固定在支撑架上的固定孔和可以穿插 在固定孔和刚性弧体之间的定位销。 所述的第一传动部件为电动直线推杆或液压直线推杆，其一端铰接在支撑架 上， 另一端铰接在太阳能电池板固定架上或刚性支架上。
所述第一传动部件为刚性弧体，其一端或连接在刚性支架上、或铰接在太阳 能电池板固定架上，而另一端连接在支撑架上；所述的刚性弧体上具有槽状或孔 状的定位结构，所述的第一驱动装置包括固定在支撑架上的固定孔和可以穿插在 固定孔和刚性弧体之间的定位销。
本发明的有益效果是：
1 ) 本装置结构简单合理、 力学性能好、 结构牢靠， 且组合方式灵活， 易于 实现规模化生产。
2) 结构合理， 使装置对驱动动力的要求大大降低， 配合定时运行控制程序 以及利用涡轮蜗杆的自锁特性， 大幅度降低了装置自身的运转能耗。
3) 通过俯仰角跟踪构件和左右角跟踪构件的协同运转， 简化了装置的控制 程序， 利用开环控制系统即可实现精确追踪的目的； 降低了控制系统的成本， 同 时减少了故障的几率， 便于安装和日常维护。
4) 适用范围广， 使大、 小面板的跟踪都能产生可观的经济效益。
5)本装置解决了回归线以内太阳光直射点南北两侧摆动问题，使用范围广。 附图说明
图 1 为实施例一的结构图；
图 2 为实施例一的部分构件示意图;
图 3 为三维活节的多种形式示意图;
图 4 为太阳能电池板 装示意图；
' 图 5 为实施例二的结构图；
图 6 为实施例三的结构图；
图 7 为绳轮的结构图；
图 8 为实施例四的结构图；
图 9 为实施例五的结构图；
图 10 为实施例六的结构图; 图 11为实施例七的结构图；
图中： 1太阳能电池板固定架， 11太阳能电池板， 2支撑架， 3三维活节， 31俯仰角旋转支撑轴， 32左右角旋转支撑轴， 41第三传动绳， 42第四传动绳， 43刚性弧体， 44定位孔， 45定位销， 46直线推杆， 51刚性支架， 5 刚性支 架， 61第一齿轮， 62第二齿轮， 7刚性半圆弧体， 71第一传动绳， 72第二传 动绳， 81第一驱动装置， 82第二驱动装置， 9绳轮， 91第三螺旋导向槽， 92 第四螺旋导向槽。
具体实施方式 '
该种自动跟踪太阳光装置， 包括太阳能电池板固定架 1、 支撑架 2、 俯仰角 跟踪构件和左右角跟踪构件。
实施例一
如图 1〜图 4所示， 为便于叙述， 首先将与太阳能电池板固定架 1所在平面 平行且沿太阳日运行轨迹的方向定义为 Y方向，将与太阳能电池板固定架 1所在 平面平行且沿太阳年运行轨迹的方向定义为 Z方向，则与 YZ平面垂直且朝向太阳 能电池板固定架 1背面的方向为 X方向。
如图 4所示，太阳能电池板固定架 1为焯接式框架结构（或铝型材组合式框 架结构）， 用于固定太阳能电池板 11。 根据使用地区纬度的不同， 太阳能电池板 固定架 1与太阳能电池板 11之间可以平行安装， 也可以相互成一定倾斜角度安 装。
支撑架 2为焊接而成的人字状钢结构，支撑架下端通过紧固螺栓固定到地基 上， 支撑架 2上端通过三维活节 3连接太阳能电池板固定架 1。
如图 3所示， 三维活节 3包括呈十字状布置的俯仰角旋转支撑轴 31和左右 角旋转支撑轴 32， 两轴的存在形式多样。 根据两轴是否在同一平面上， 可以分 为交叉十字轴（两轴不在同一平面上）和相交十字轴（两轴在同一平面上）两种 基本形式。
交叉十字轴有两种具体存在形式，一是两轴通过焊接形成一体，如图 3中的 A所示； 另一种是俯仰角旋转支撑轴 31穿过左右角旋转支撑轴 32， 且俯仰角旋 转支撑轴 31可以相对左右角旋转支撑轴 32旋转， 形成活结情况。 相交十字轴有两种存在形式，一是两轴都焊接在连接块上，且两轴不在同一 平面上， 如图 3中的 B所示； 另一情况是， 一根轴悍接在连接块上， 另一根轴穿 设在连接块上的通孔内， 形成图 3中的 C所示情形。
上述几种情况都可以实现太阳能电池板固定架 1 分别绕左右角旋转支撑轴 32和俯仰角旋转支撑轴 31旋转的功能。三维活节 3设置在太阳能电池板固定架 1的重心点上， 以达到合理分配太阳能电池板 11和太阳能电池板固定架 1的重 力， 是主要受力点。
俯仰角跟踪构件包括：第一传动部件， 该传动部件优选设有传动构造的刚性 的圆弧 ^的弧体,标记为刚性弧体 43。 刚性弧体 43—端铰接在太阳能电池板固 定架 1的背面，最佳地，其铰接点应位于三维活节 3的左右角旋转支撑轴向下的 延长线上，另一端通过悍接或栓接固定在刚性支架 51的自由端，所以刚性弧体、 刚性支架、 左右角旋转支撑轴连成一体且位于同一平面内。 刚性支架 51为一个 H型杆架， 焊接在三维活节 3的左右角旋转支撑轴上， 只能随太阳能电池板固定 架 1的俯仰角进行同步转动，不随太阳能电池板固定架 1左右转动。第一驱动装 置 81固定安装在支撑架 2上，该驱动装置优选同步电机并配以蜗轮蜗杆减速器。 蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装齿轮， 此处标记为第一齿轮 61， 该第一齿轮 61 与刚性弧体 43上的齿相啮合， 第一齿轮 61控制刚性弧体 43的运转， 带动太阳 能电池板固定架 1以三维活节的俯仰角旋转支撑轴 31为中心进行转动， 可以起 到调整俯仰角的目的。
为保证跟踪准确， 控制程序设置简单合理， 刚性弧体 43上的齿按照与 180° 成合理的比例设置，其所形成的扇面与地平面沿地球经线方向垂直， 并与刚性半 圆弧体 7所在的扇面垂直。
左右角跟踪构件包括一个设有传动构造的半圆状的刚性半圆弧体 7， 该传动 构造是根据太阳日角度变化数据按比例设在刚性半圆弧体上的齿， 形成大齿圈 状。该刚性半圆弧体 7两端通过螺栓固定或焊接在太阳能电池板固定架 1上，最 佳地，两固定点位于三维活节的俯仰角旋转支撑轴的虚拟延长线上，用于控制太 阳能电池板固定架绕三维活节的左右角旋转支撑轴进行转动。 第二驱动装置 82 优选同步电机并配以蜗轮蜗杆减速器； 它固定安装在刚性支架 51的自由端， 并 在蜗轮蜗杆减速器输出轴上安装齿轮， 此处标记为第二齿轮 62， 第二齿轮与刚 性半圆弧体 7相啮合，控制刚性半圆弧体 7的运转，进而实现控制太阳能电池板 固定架 1调整左右角的目的。
因为每年春分后至秋分前地球上大多数地区太阳初升时（或日落时）存在一 定偏北角度 （以北半球为例）， 所以将支撑架 2根据使用地区纬度不同， 倾斜一 定角度呈人字形安装， 或者将太阳能电池板固定架 1上的太阳能电池板 11， 分 组按照一定倾斜角度安装，就可以将太阳能电池板固定架 1的初始启动位置扩展 到东偏北的角度。
为保证跟踪准确， 简化控制程序， 刚性半圆弧体 7其所在的扇面与太阳能电 池板固定架 1所在面垂直。
控制第一驱动装置 81和第二驱动装置 82运转的程序控制箱可以安装在支撑 架 2上， 也可以采用中心控制系统。 电机运转控制程序按照天文常数设定， 通过 设定合理的程序， 两驱动装置协同工作， 模拟太阳日运行轨迹， 使设备具备双轴 精确追踪太阳的功能。
具体为： 早上日出前， 自动跟踪太阳光装置处于初始状态， 正对日出方位； 从早上日出后的初始状态开始，程序控制第二驱动装置工作，进而通过第二 传动部件带动太阳能电池板固定架在左右角方、向上转动，直至日落前设定时分停 止； 同时， 程序控制第一驱动装置工作， 进而通过第一传动部件带动太阳能电池 板固定架按程序设定的角度进行运转，直至中午时分达到太阳当天最大高度角的 对应点后， 第一驱动装置在程序的控制下按反向回转到设定角度， （这样就将复 杂的天文计算，简化为由刚性弧体 43和刚性半圆弧体 72两个垂直交叉的传动部 件之间，通过左右角按规定时间旋转规定度数所对应的齿数和俯仰角每规定时间 旋转规定度数所对应的齿数， 协调运转， 来实现坐标点的对应）。 实现在俯仰角 方向上的修正， 保证太阳能电池板 11始终与太阳光保持垂直。
两个驱动装置协同运行，直至下午日落前规定的时间停止运转，最后程序控 制自动跟踪太阳光装置返回至早上的初始状态。
当风力达到设定级别时，程序控制太阳能电池板固定架处于水平状态， 为避 风状态； 降雪时， 程序控制太阳能电池板固定架处于竖直， 为避雪状态。
此运转方式其优点是跟踪准确，最大限度地减少光的折射损耗，尤其适合于 对跟踪准确度要求较高的聚光式太阳能发电装置， 实现了对太阳光的准确跟踪。 同时，分组按照一定倾斜角度安装的太阳能电池板，也起到了减小风阻的有效效 果。 缺点是两个驱动装置都必须适时工作， 装置本身电能消耗较多。
实施例二
如图 5所示， 与实施例一不同之处在于： 刚性弧体 43上具有孔状的定位结 构， 该定位结构为均布在刚性弧体上的定位孔 44阵列， 使之具备角度调节并固 定的功能。 支撑架 2上靠近刚性弧体处设有与定位孔 44对应的固定孔。 一根定 位销 45 (圆销）可以插设在定位孔 44和固定孔之间， 可以将刚性弧体和支撑架 锁定在一起。组成了一个简易的手工控制的第一驱动装置，从而实现手动调节俯 仰角的目的。
左右角跟踪构件与实施例一相同。
该种方式可以实现单轴自动跟踪太阳光的目的，而俯仰角的调整需要借助人 工进行间隔调整。 其中， 第二传动部件按规定时间旋转规定度数所对应的齿数， 带动太阳能电池板固定架 1跟踪太阳每天中的位置变化，直至下午日落前规定的 时间停止运转，最后返回至早上时的初始状态。而俯仰角由人工按照太阳一年中 的高度角变化每固定天数加以调整，可以将实施例一中的同步电机省略， 改用定 位销 45锁定。 因装置自身的重力平衡设计， 再加刚性支架 51的杠杆作用， 该工 作简单易行，通过安装在支撑架上的手动定位装置锁定，实现调节俯仰角的目的， 具备单轴自动跟踪太阳的功能。 其优点是减少了成本， 降低了跟踪的电能消耗， 驱动程序也仅仅需要控制左 右角规律旋转即可， 做到了最简单化， 成本也大大降低； 缺点是需要人工调节俯 仰角， 而且存在一定的跟踪误差（全年平均低于 5%)， 不能达到最大限度利用太 阳能的目的。
实施例三
如图 6、 图 7所示， 与实施例一不同之处在于： 第一传动部件为绳状体的传 动绳， 包括第三传动绳 41和第四传动绳 42。
所述第一驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴 上安装与传动绳相配合的绳轮 9， 该绳轮 9为中间直径小、 两端直径大的柱状， 且直径自中间向两侧渐变。在绳轮柱面上设有两个关于绳轮中间断面对称的第三 螺旋导向槽 91和第四螺旋导向槽 92， 两螺旋导向槽的旋向相反， 两导向槽的深 度根据传动绳缠绕的需要进行设计。第三传动绳 41和第四传动绳 42分别设置在 第三螺旋导向槽和第四螺旋导向槽内， 其中， 第三传动绳 41的一端固定在第三 螺旋导向槽 91右侧， 另一端连接在太阳能电池板固定架 1 上； 第四传动绳 42 一端固定在第四螺旋导向槽 92右侧， 另一端连接在刚性支架 51上。当绳轮旋转 时， 第三传动绳收绳， 第四传动绳放绳， 二者之间为收放关系， 反之亦然。 通过 设置合理的螺旋导向槽参数， 可以保证平稳调节俯仰角。
实施例四
如图 8所示， 与实施例一不同之处在于：所述的俯仰角跟踪构件是一个两端 分别铰接在刚性支架 51和支撑架 2上的直线推杆 46， 该直线推杆由电机驱动螺 杆伸缩， 控制太阳能电池板固定架 1绕俯仰角旋转支撑轴 31旋转相应角度。
同理， 液压直线推杆和气压直线推杆可对电动直线推杆进行等效替换。 实际使用过程中，既可以采用实施例一中俯仰角跟踪构件与左右角跟踪构件 规律运动相配舍的准确跟踪方式， 但由于直线推杆 46自身的局限性， 使得装置 跟踪的角度会受到一定限制； 也可以采用每隔固定天数由直线推杆 46按照太阳 一年中的高度角变化规律进行角度调节的办法。
上述直线推杆 46两端分别铰接在太阳能电池板固定架 1和支撑架 2上同样 可以实现调整俯仰角的目的。
实施例五
如图 9所示， 三维活节 3、 太阳能电池板固定架 1、 支撑架 2， 及左右角跟 踪构件与实施例一基本相同， 不同之处在于： 第一传动部件和第二传动部件皆为 带齿状传动构造的刚性的圆弧体， 记为刚性弧体 43和刚性半圆弧体 7， 刚性弧 体 43为四分之一圆弧， 刚性半圆弧体 7为半圆弧。 刚性支架 5 为与刚性弧体 43半径相等的四分之一圆弧， 且两者连接组合成一个半圆弧。 所述的俯仰角跟踪构件包括太阳能电池板固定架 1、刚性弧体 43、刚性支架 51 '、 支撑架 2、 三维活节 3、 第一驱动装置 81。
刚性弧体 43和弧形的刚性支架 51 ' 连接为一体， 构成整体为 180度的半圆 弧， 其两端沿 Z轴铰接在太阳能电池板固定架 1上， 最佳地， 两铰接点位于三维 活节 3的左右角旋转支撑轴的延长线上。 刚性弧体 43的外沿 （或内沿） 根据太 阳高度角的年变化数据按比例设齿。
安装在支撑架 2上的第一驱动装置 81通过其输出轴上的齿轮， 可以有效驱 动刚性弧体 43运动。通过控制程序，控制刚性弧体 43转动与太阳高度角的年变 化所对应的齿数，带动太阳能电池板固定架 1旋转相对应的角度数， 以达到跟踪 太阳年角度变化的目的。
本实施例中的刚性半圆弧体上的传动构造可用链槽链轮传动构造、摩擦轮传 动构造替代齿轮传动， 能取得相同的传动效果。
实施例六
如图 10所示， 与实施例五不同之处在于： 第二驱动装置 82落在支撑架 2 的内部， 使第二驱动装置 82的运行区间在支撑架 2上端的开角内部。
所述支撑架 2整体为上部有开角的 "A"状框架结构， 固定安装在基座上。 当本装置工作环境在低纬度地区（南北回归线之间）时， 太阳的直射点会越 过天顶，太阳能电池板固定架 1的仰角有时将超过 180度， 为防止支撑架 2阻碍 安装在刚性支架 51上的第二驱动装置 82的移动，从而影响到太阳能电池板固定 架 1的运转范围， 因此支撑架 2上部要设计成开角式结构， 有效开角应大于 46 ° 52 ' ， 使太阳能电池板固定架 1能准确跟踪赤道附近太阳年高度角南北 23. 5 度的变化。
实施例七
如图 11所示， 三维活节、 太阳能电池板固定架、 支撑架、 刚性支架与实施 例一基本相同。 且俯仰角跟踪构件与实施例三基本相同。
不同之处在于，第二传动部件为包括第一传动绳 71和第二传动绳 72在内的 绳状体， 第二驱动装置 82包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器， 在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输 出轴上安装可以和传动绳相配合的绳轮， 该绳轮与实施例三中的的绳轮结构相 同， 同样为中间直径小、两端直径大的柱状， 且在绳轮柱面上设有两个关于绳轮 中间断面对称的第一螺旋导向槽和第二螺旋导向槽； 第一传动绳 71和第二传动 绳 72分别设置在第一螺旋导向槽和第二螺旋导向槽内， 其一端固定在相应的螺 旋导向槽内， 另一端连接在太阳能电池板固定架 1上， 二者之间为收放关系。可 以有效吸收直线和圆弧关系产生的余量， 进而实现控制太阳能电池板固定架 1 调整左右角的目的。
以上各实施例可以在不同环境条件下相互结合使用。
在大型光伏电站系统实施中， 本发明可将控制箱改为由总控制中心集中控 制， 以实现光感应跟踪， 抗风防雪功能等多种控制方式， 而装置自身设计即具有 良好的防沙、 防锈功能。
上面所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明 的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域相关技术人员对本 发明的各种变形和改进， 均应扩如本发明权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims

1、 一种自动跟踪太阳光装置， 包括太阳能电池板固定架、 支撑架、 俯仰角 跟踪构件和左右角跟踪构件， 其特征是，
所述的太阳能电池板固定架通过三维活节与支撑架连接，所述的三维活节包 括呈十字状布置的俯仰角旋转支撑轴和左右角旋转支撑轴，所述的三维活节通过 俯仰角旋转支撑轴与支撑架铰接连接；所述的三维活节通过左右角旋转支撑轴与 太阳能电池板固定架铰接连接；
一刚性支架铰接在太阳能电池板固定架上或固定连接在三维活节的左右角 旋转支撑轴上，所述的刚性支架只能随太阳能电池板固定架的俯仰角进行同步转 动；
所述的俯仰角跟踪构件至少包括可以使太阳能电池板固定架依托所述三维 活节的俯仰角旋转支撑轴进行转动的第一传动部件和用于调节第一传动部件位 置的第一驱动装置， 所述第一驱动装置设置在支撑架上；
所述的左右角跟踪构件至少包括可以使太阳能电池板固定架绕所述三维活 节的左右角旋转支撑轴进行转动的第二传动部件和用于驱动第二传动部件动作 的第二驱动装置， 所述第二驱动装置固定在刚性支架上。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述第二传动 部件为其上设有传动构造的刚性半圆弧体，所述的刚性半圆弧体两端固定连接在 太阳能电池板固定架上， 第二驱动装置驱动刚性半圆弧体转动。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述刚性半圆 弧体上具有齿状的传动构造，所述第二驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在 蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与齿状的传动构造相啮合的齿轮。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述刚性半圆 弧体上具有链槽状的传动构造， 所述第二驱动装置包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器， 在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与链槽状的传动构造相配合的链轮。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述第二传动 部件为包括第一传动绳和第二传动绳在内的绳状体,所述第二驱动装置包括电机 和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装可以和绳状体相配合的绳 轮， 所述绳轮为中间直径小、 两端直径大的柱状， 且在绳轮柱面上设有两个关于 绳轮中间断面对称的第一螺旋导向槽和第二螺旋导向槽；所述的第一传动绳和第 二传动绳分别设置在第一螺旋导向槽和第二螺旋导向槽内，其一端固定在相应的 螺旋导向槽内， 另一端连接在太阳能电池板固定架上， 二者之间为收放关系。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 5所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述 第一传动部件的一端连接在太阳能电池板固定架上， 另一端连接在刚性支架上。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述的第一传 动部件为包括第三传动绳和第四传动绳在内的绳状体，所述第一驱动装置包括电 机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器， 在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与绳状体相配合的绳 轮， 所述绳轮为中间直径小、两端直径大的柱状， 且在绳轮柱面上设有两个关于 绳轮中间断面对称的第三螺旋导向槽和第四螺旋导向槽；所述的第三传动绳和第 四传动绳分别设置在第三螺旋导向槽和第四螺旋导向槽内，其一端固定在对应的 螺旋导向槽内， 另一端分别连接在太阳能电池板固定架和刚性支架上， 二者之间 为收放关系。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述的第一传 动部件为刚性弧体，所述的刚性弧体上具有齿状的传动结构，所述第一驱动装置 包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与齿状的传动构 造相配合的齿轮。
9、 根据权利要求 6所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述的第一传 动部件为刚性弧体，所述刚性弧体上具有链槽状的传动构造，所述第一驱动装置 包括电机和蜗轮蜗杆减速器，在蜗轮蜗杆减速器的输出轴上安装与链槽状的传动 构造相配合的链轮。
10、根据权利要求 6所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述的第一传 动部件为刚性弧体，所述的刚性弧体上具有槽状或孔状的定位结构，所述的第一 驱动装置包括固定在支撑架上的固定孔和可以穿插在固定孔和刚性弧体之间的 定位销。
11、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 5所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 某特征是， 所述 的第一传动部件为电动直线推杆或液压直线推杆，其一端铰接在支撑架上， 另一 端铰接在太阳能电池板固定架上或刚性支架上。
12、根据权利要求 1或 2或 5所述的自动跟踪太阳光装置， 其特征是， 所述 第一传动部件为刚性弧体，其一端或连接在刚性支架上、或铰接在太阳能电池板 固定架上， 而另一端连接在支撑架上；所述的刚性弧体上具有槽状或孔状的定位 结构，所述的第一驱动装置包括固定在支撑架上的固定孔和可以穿插在固定孔和 刚性弧体之间的定位销。
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