WO2011113300A1 - 能够抑制化疗药物引起的毒副反应的药物 - Google Patents

能够抑制化疗药物引起的毒副反应的药物 Download PDF

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WO2011113300A1
WO2011113300A1 PCT/CN2011/000392 CN2011000392W WO2011113300A1 WO 2011113300 A1 WO2011113300 A1 WO 2011113300A1 CN 2011000392 W CN2011000392 W CN 2011000392W WO 2011113300 A1 WO2011113300 A1 WO 2011113300A1
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drugs
formula
compound
acid
niacin
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PCT/CN2011/000392
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English (en)
French (fr)
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燕晓静
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Yan Xiaojing
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/455Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of medicine, and more particularly, the present invention relates to new uses of niacin, its salts and prodrugs, and its combination with drugs for the treatment of cancer and other proliferative diseases.
  • cancer cancer
  • the number of cancer patients in China has reached more than 1.2 million, and the number of deaths has reached more than 900,000, accounting for about 20% of the world's cancer deaths, and it is increasing year by year.
  • Cancer has become a common and frequently-occurring disease that seriously threatens human health.
  • the annual medical expenses of cancer patients in China alone is as high as 150-180 billion yuan, accounting for more than 20% of the total medical and health expenses in the country, much higher than the medical expenses of other diseases.
  • the annual cost of chemotherapy alone is as high as 70 billion yuan.
  • the efficacy of chemotherapy is positive, but the drugs used in chemotherapy are cytotoxic drugs, which have certain toxicity, and the side effects are mainly manifested in three aspects.
  • the first is the possible side effects of most chemotherapy drugs, such as white blood cell decline, vomiting and hair loss, etc. These side effects are mainly the faster growing tissues such as bone marrow, ff intestinal mucosa and hair. These side effects will appear soon after chemotherapy, and some will recover after stopping chemotherapy.
  • the side effects of individual drugs on specific systems For example, the commonly used chemotherapy drug vincristine affects the nervous system, and the toxins affect Respiratory system.
  • the third is long-term side effects.
  • symptomatic treatment is usually used in addition to stopping chemotherapy.
  • blood transfusion is usually used or blood is recovered by using drugs such as Shengbailing.
  • drugs such as Shengbailing.
  • a gastrointestinal reaction takes it.
  • Metoclopramide or tropisetron; anti-infectives in secondary infections are very limited in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy and cannot solve this problem.
  • cytoprotective drugs Systemic application of cytoprotective drugs is used to prevent or reduce the toxicity and side effects caused by tumor chemotherapy, and to improve the tumor treatment and the quality of life by improving the compliance and tolerance of tumor patients in cancer treatment.
  • New drugs The development of cytoprotective agents has been only a short history of more than 20 years, but there have been selezens in the past (Speyer JL et al. ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10: 1 17- 27.; Swain SM et al. Cardioprotection with dexrazoxane for doxorubicin-containing therapy in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 1318-32.; 230. Wexler LH et al.
  • the inventors have intensively studied and found that the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined below, does not affect the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy when combined with various chemotherapeutic drugs, and has good toxic side effects. Inhibition,
  • n represents an Arabic numeral, and the range is 1-10, preferably 1-6;
  • X represents 0 or NR 3 ;
  • C, -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cyclic ether which may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy, carboxy, amino, dC 6 alkyl or -C 6 alkoxy substituted, preferably H, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahexyl, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexyl, 2,5,7, 8-tetradecyl-2-(4,8,12-tridecyltridecyl)-6-benzodihydropyranyl, 2-hydroxy-2,5-di-indenyl-3,4 - tetrahydrofurandiyl, 2-hydroxycyclohexyl-1,1,3,3-tetradecyl, most preferably H;
  • R 2 represents H,
  • R 3 represents H, dC 6 alkyl, preferably H, methyl, ethyl or propyl, most preferably H;
  • the present invention includes the following contents:
  • the first aspect provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a proliferative disorder.
  • a second aspect relates to the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an antitumor agent for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a proliferative disorder.
  • a third aspect relates to a combination comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an antitumor drug.
  • a fourth aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an antitumor agent, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • a fifth aspect relates to a method of treating a proliferative disorder, the method comprising administering to a patient a compound of formula (I) and an antitumor drug simultaneously, sequentially or separately.
  • a sixth aspect relates to the use of a compound of formula U), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a proliferative disorder, wherein said treatment comprises administering a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable compound thereof to a patient simultaneously, sequentially or separately Salt and anti-tumor drugs.
  • a seventh aspect relates to the use of an anti-tumor drug for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a proliferative disorder, wherein the medicament is for use in combination therapy with a compound of formula (I).
  • An eighth aspect relates to a kit comprising a first container and a second container, the first container comprising a therapeutically effective amount
  • the effects of drug combinations are inherently unpredictable, and there is often a tendency for a drug to partially or completely inhibit or promote the effects of another drug.
  • the present invention is based on the surprising discovery that simultaneous, separate or sequential administration of an antitumor drug and a compound of formula (I) of the present invention or a formulation thereof can reduce the toxic side effects of an antitumor drug, and this unexpected interaction is clinically Application is crucial.
  • the compound of the present invention capable of reducing the adverse reaction caused by chemotherapy of a chemotherapeutic drug is a compound of the formula U) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • n an Arabic numeral, the range of which is 10, preferably Bu 6;
  • X represents 0 or NR 3 ;
  • d-alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cyclic ether which may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C, -C 6 alkyl or dC 6 alkoxy substituted, preferably H, 1 , 2,3,4,5,6-hexahexyl, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexyl, 2,5,7,8 -tetradecyl-2-(4,8,12-tridecyltridecyl)-6-benzochroman, 2-hydroxy-2,5-di-indenyl-3,4- Tetrahydrofurandiyl, 2-hydroxycyclohex-1,1,3,3-tetradecyl, most preferably H;
  • R 2 represents H, l3 ⁇ 4, carboxy, nitro, amino, hydroxy, .
  • R 3 represents H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, preferably H, decyl, ethyl or propyl, most preferably H;
  • Preferred compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are those compounds as defined below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein n represents an Arabic numeral and the range is 1-6; X represents 0 or NR 3 ; R represents H, dC 6 alkyl,. 3 -. 8 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cyclic ether group, which may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, -C 6 alkyl or C r C 6 alkoxy; R 2 represents H, halogen ; R 3 represents H, -C 6 alkyl; or the derivative of (1), acimus.
  • More preferred compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are those compounds as defined below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein n represents an Arabic numeral and the range is 6; X represents 0 or NR 3 ; , n-propyl, isopropyl, Butyl, 2-butyl, tert-butyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1,2-propanediyl, 1, 3-propanediyl, 1,2-butanediyl, 1,3-butanediyl, 1,4-butanediyl, 1,2-pentanediyl, 1, 5-pentanediyl, pentaerythritol, 1,2-hexanediyl, 1,6-hexanediyl, propyltri
  • More preferred compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are those compounds as defined below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n represents an Arabic numeral and the range is 6;
  • X represents 0 or NR 3 ; represents H, 1, 2 ,3,4,5,6-hexahexyl, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexyl, 2,5,7,8-tetradecyl-2-( 4,8,12-tridecyltridecyl)-6-benzohydropyranyl, 2-hydroxy-2,5-di-indenyl-3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-hydroxyl ring Hex-1,1,3,3-tetrahydrazinyl, 3,3,4-trimethylcyclohexyl;
  • R 2 represents H, halogen;
  • R 3 represents H, dC 6 pit; or (1) Acyclovir.
  • More preferred compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are those compounds as defined below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein n represents an Arabic numeral and the range is 1-6; X represents O or NR 3 ; , 2,3,4,5,6-hexahexyl, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexyl, 2,5,7,8-tetradecyl-2 -(4,8,12-tridecyltridecyl)-6-benzohydropyranyl, 2-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylene-3,4-tetrahydrofurandiyl, 2- Hydroxycyclohexyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylene, 3,3,4-trimethylcyclohexyl; R 2 represents H, fluorine, chlorine; R 3 represents H; or (1) derivative Aximus.
  • Most preferred compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are those compounds as defined below or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, 5-fluoronicotinic acid, inositol nicotinate, retinoic acid nicotinate, nicotinic acid Mannitol ester, pentaerythritol nicotinate, fumarate, 3,3,4-tridecylcyclohexanoic acid ester, tetranicotinic acid-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1,1,3,3-tetradecyl ester , hexyl nicotinate and acipimox, which is niacin or a derivative thereof or an analog thereof, is metabolized to niacin in the body or exerts the same pharmacological effect in the body.
  • the salt of the compound of the formula (I) may be an inorganic acid or an organic acid salt
  • examples of the inorganic acid include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
  • examples of the organic acid include Citric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, malic acid, citrate, sulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, sulfonate Acid, camphorsulfonic acid, acidic amino acid, preferably benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, maleate, fumarate, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, tartrate, citrate, glutamic acid and aspartic acid .
  • Antitumor agents useful in the above aspects of the invention include, but are not limited to, the following classes of drugs or combinations thereof:
  • alkylating agent 1 nitrogen mustard: nitrogen mustard (HN2) and its derivatives, including cyclophosphamide (CTX), ifosfamide, nicardine (AT-1258), phenylpropionate (MEL), leucovorin (CLB), oxime mustard, anti-tumor mustard, guanidinium, etc.; 2 ethyleneimine: commonly used drugs are triamine sulphate (TSPA); 3 nitrosamine Ureas: Carmustine (BCNU), Nimustine (ACNU), Semustine (Me-CCNU), Lomustine
  • Anti-metabolism drugs 1 anti-folate metabolism drugs: methotrexate (MTX); 2 anti-metabolic drugs: pemetrexed, rumistrix, norratrix, raltitrexed, ⁇ (6-MP), thioguanine (6-TC); 3 antipyrimidine metabolizing drugs: fluorouracil (5-FU), cytarabine (Ara-C), hexamethylene amide (HMM), cyclocytidine (CCY ) , fludarabine, zalcitabine, emtricitabine, decitabine, cladribine, gemcitabine and capecitabine; (3) Anti-tumor antibiotics: anti-tumor antibiotics for peptides and terpenoids, peptides including bleomycin, dactinomycin, etc., terpenoids including daunorubicin, mitomycin, doxorubicin, and abalone , pirarubicin and a
  • Plant anticancer drugs mainly vincristine, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin and paclitaxel, vinblastine mainly vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine and vinorelbine; Camptothecins include camptothecin, hydroxycamptothecin, topoxicam; podophyllotoxins include etoposide, teniposide, etc.; paclitaxel includes paclitaxel and docetaxel.
  • hormones sex hormones, progesterone and adrenocortical hormones, including estrogen, antiandrogen, progesterone, male hormone, tamoxifen, hydroxyprogesterone
  • platinum cisplatin, Carboplatin and oxalic acid platinum.
  • proliferative disease includes, in a broad sense, any disease that requires control of the cell cycle, such as tumors, cardiovascular diseases such as restenosis and heart disease, autoimmune diseases such as glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. , skin diseases such as psoriasis, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic diseases such as malaria, emphysema and disease.
  • the compounds of the present invention can induce apoptosis or remain arrested in a desired cell as needed.
  • the proliferative disease is a tumor, more preferably a tumor that is highly invasive or has metastasized, referred to as cancer.
  • the cancer is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, head or neck cancer, skin or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer in the anal area, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, Uterine cancer, fallopian tube cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, Hodgkin's disease, esophageal cancer, small intestine cancer, endocrine system cancer, squamous adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adrenal cancer, soft tissue Malignant neoplasms, urinary tract cancer, penile cancer, prostate cancer, chronic or acute leukemia, lymphoma, bladder cancer, kidney or ureteral cancer, renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvic cancer, central nervous system (CNS) tumor, primary CNS lymph Tumor, spinal cone tumor, brain glioma, pituitary adenoma, or a combination thereof.
  • one aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a proliferative disease, which is used sequentially or separately in the treatment of cancer with an antitumor drug, or two As a joint preparation.
  • sequential refers to the administration of another component of two classes of agents to a patient within a time limit.
  • sequential administration may allow administration of another class of agents after one type of agent, such as 5 minutes, 1 hour, or about several days.
  • the delay between doses varies depending on the exact nature of the ingredients, the interaction between them, and their respective half-lives.
  • the term “respectively” means that the interval between administration of one agent and another agent is significant, that is, when a second agent is administered, a therapeutically effective amount may be present/absent in the bloodstream.
  • preparation or "agent” as used herein refers to a medicament for the preparation or preparation of a medicament of the present invention, or its use as a medicament directly.
  • Class 1 refers to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a preparation thereof, and a chemotherapeutic drug, each of which may be used in one or two , three or four active ingredients or preparations thereof, for example, may be administered simultaneously or separately to a plurality of chemotherapeutic drugs, for example, for lung cancer, cisplatin and etoposide may be administered; for breast cancer, cisplatin and paclitaxel may be administered, or Doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and capecitabine; for example, a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a preparation thereof, may be administered with niacin, or niacin with nicotinamide, or 5-fluoronicotinic acid, nicotinamide Nicotinyl inositol ester.
  • a chemotherapeutic drug each of which may be used in one or two , three or four active ingredients or preparations thereof,
  • the compound of formula (I) is administered sequentially or separately prior to administration of the anti-tumor drug.
  • the compound of formula (1) is administered at least 1 hour prior to the anti-tumor drug, more preferably before the anti-tumor drug Less than 24 hours.
  • the compound of formula (I) is administered simultaneously with an anti-tumor drug.
  • the number of times the compound of the formula (I) or an analog thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered depends on the in vivo half-life of the active ingredient or a preparation thereof, for example, niacin or a common preparation thereof, which is administered at least daily due to a short half-life. 2 times, and its sustained-release preparation has a half-life, and the number of daily administrations can be only 1 time; for example, inositol niacin, which needs to be metabolized to nicotinic acid in the body to exert pharmacological effects, so niacin overall
  • the half-life is longer and the mode of administration can be adjusted, for example, the number of administrations is reduced, and the dose is unchanged or increased.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be used to produce pharmaceutical compositions in a known manner, for example, by conventional methods of mixing, dissolving, granulating, tableting, milling, emulsifying, budding, or tabletting. Suitable formulations depend on the chosen route of administration, including topical and systemic. Any suitable well-known techniques, carriers and excipients in the art can be used, as described in Remington's Pharmacy.
  • the compositions can be readily prepared by combining the active compound in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions, compositions Gels, syrups, ointments, solutions, suspensions and elixirs.
  • the compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
  • the compounds may be formulated as a spray and a depot preparation, which may be administered by implantation, for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
  • the compounds of the invention can be prepared in other forms suitable for parenteral administration, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof can also be released for administration in a sustained release or controlled release manner.
  • compositions and methods of the present invention are all suitable for use as a mammal, and the mammal may be selected from the group consisting of a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a guinea pig, a dog, a cat, a sheep, a goat, a cow, a primate such as a monkey, a gorilla, and a donkey. And people, especially for people.
  • the effective amount of the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention is from 0.01 mg to 10 g/kg, preferably from 1 mg to lg/kg, more preferably from 5 mg to 0.5 g/kg, based on nicotinic acid or acyclovir.
  • niacin of the formula (1) of the present invention can effectively inhibit the toxic side effects and drug resistance caused by various types of chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo.
  • Other compounds of the present invention are all salts or prodrugs of nicotinic acid or amides or structural analogs 5-fluoronicotinic acid, asimos, although studies have shown that partial gastric cancer or intestinal cancer patients have lower levels of gastrointestinal esterase (Relationship between serum cholinesterase and gastric cancer [J].
  • Niacin prodrugs such as inositol nicotinic acid ester, VE nicotinate, will release niacin at a slower level than normal or normal, and will exert the same effect in the body.
  • the administration of these compounds and The dosage will be adjusted accordingly.
  • the mode of administration can be adjusted according to the length of the half-life of niacin by the metabolism of these compounds; the analog of non-nicotinate or amide, which is determined according to the half-life mentioned in the marketing specification. .
  • nicotinamide, 5-fluoronicotinic acid, inositol nicotinate, vitamin E nicotinate, mannitol nicotinate, pentaerythritol nicotinate, fumarate, 3,3,4-trimethylcyclohexane Nicotinate, tetranicotino-2-hydroxycyclohexyl-U, 3,3-tetradecyl ester and aciclos are available and can be administered by reference to the mode of administration indicated in the specification.
  • Example 1 Effect of nicotinic acid on human leukocyte viability of various chemotherapeutic drugs
  • niacin compound concentration Three concentrations were designed, high concentration (h): 125 g/Ml; medium concentration (m):
  • chemotherapeutic drugs Select 4 drugs with different mechanisms of action: cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-
  • Negative control The white blood cell group without any treatment was selected as the negative control group because the cell particles had a great influence on the absorbance.
  • Nm group ( ⁇ 25 ⁇ ) can promote leukocyte proliferation; leukocyte proliferation in Nm group is generally comparable to negative control group, indicating that moderate concentration of niacin (25 g / Ml) does not affect leukocyte proliferation; N1 group leukocyte proliferation is inferior to Negative control group, because niacin is known to be a non-cytotoxic drug, the possible cause is low concentration of niacin
  • niacin Although different concentrations of niacin have different effects on the proliferation of leukocytes, different concentrations of nicotinic acid have a certain inhibitory effect on the leukocyte cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. In other words, it has a certain protective effect on the proliferation of leukocytes.
  • Cisplatin has the greatest cytotoxicity antagonism, followed by doxorubicin and 5-Fu, and the weakest for paclitaxel.
  • Example 2 Effect of nicotinic acid on the viability of multiple human cancer cell lines treated with various chemotherapeutic drugs
  • niacin compound concentration is the same as in Example 1;
  • chemotherapeutic drugs The types of chemotherapeutic drugs are the same as in Example 1. The concentration of each of the human cancer cell lines is explored before the experiment;
  • Human cancer cell package Choose 4 common cancer cell lines, as follows:
  • Human lung cancer cell line A549 cisplatin (50uM), 5-FU (60uM), paclitaxel (20uM) and doxorubicin (5uM);
  • Human breast cancer cell line MCF7 cisplatin (75 uM), 5-FU (90 uM), paclitaxel (20 uM) and doxorubicin (lOuM);
  • Human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 cisplatin (75uM), 5-FU (90uM), paclitaxel (20uM) and doxorubicin (lOuM);
  • Human colon cancer cell line HCT116 cisplatin U50uM), 5-FU (90uM), paclitaxel (20uM) and amylin ( lOuM);
  • Tables 3 to 10 show 4 cancers.
  • Table 7 - Table 10 are the results of 48 cell cultures after 48 hours of culture.
  • Negative control The white blood cell group without any treatment was selected as the negative control group because the cell particles had a great influence on the absorbance.
  • niacin-treated cancer cell lines showed slightly different proliferation compared to the negative control group.
  • moderate concentrations of niacin 25 ⁇ / ⁇ 1
  • high concentration (125 g/Ml) and low concentration of niacin (5 g/Ml) have different effects on different cancer cell lines, and all of them inhibited some cell lines. It promotes the proliferation of another part of the cell line, but it can be shown that niacin itself does not generally inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell lines in vitro;
  • the four chemotherapeutic drugs have obvious inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cancer cells, and the cytotoxicity is more obvious with the prolongation of the action time.
  • the cytotoxic effect of cytotoxic drugs at 48 hours was significantly greater than at 24 hours;
  • niacin is a cancer under the action of chemotherapeutic drugs. There is no obvious promotion or inhibition of cell proliferation.
  • mice 24 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely placebo, cyclophosphamide and cyclophosphamide + niacin group, adaptive feeding 2 After the week, 12 hours after the administration of 500 mg/kg niacin in the cyclophosphamide + niacin group, each group was given a placebo or cyclophosphamide 350 mg/g, and the cyclic amide was administered once every 5 days, niacin. For daily administration, for 15 days, the mortality of each group of mice was counted as shown in Table 5:
  • mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely placebo, cisplatin and cisplatin + niacin group. After 2 weeks of adaptive feeding, the mice in cisplatin + niacin group were given 200mg/Kg niacin after 24 weeks. Hours, each group began to give placebo or cisplatin 20mg / Kg, cisplatin and niacin were administered once, continued observation for 15 days, the death of each group of mice as shown in Table 5: Table 12 niacin and high dose Effect of chemotherapy drugs on survival rate of mice
  • niacin had significant protective effects on mice treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, and both the time of death and the final survival rate were significantly improved.
  • the mouse model of human breast cancer cells was established: the cell line was human breast cancer cell line MCF-7; the experimental animals were healthy female purebred BALB/C rats, 27 weeks old, weighing 15g-20g. The rats were placed in a constant temperature laminar flow box and reared in an SPF environment, alternating with 12h light and 12h night.
  • Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was cultured in RNMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 U/L insulin. The cultured cells were placed in a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator every 3 to 5 days. Passage 1 time. The logarithmic growth phase cell suspension was collected and the viable cell concentration was lx10 7 /ml. Trypan blue staining counts more than 95% of living cells.
  • the experimental procedure was carried out in an SPF environment, and a cell suspension of 0.1 ml/mouse was inoculated under the mammary fat pad of each mouse. After the breast cancer cells were inoculated, tumor nodules appeared at the inoculation site, and the texture was hard and the nodules gradually increased. After 14 days, 24 successfully modeled tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. After cisplatin + niacin group mice were given 800 mg/Kg niacin for 24 hours, each group started to give placebo or cisplatin 25 mg/ Kg, cisplatin was administered once every 5 days, and niacin was thereafter administered 250 mg/kg per day for 15 days.
  • the compound of the invention can be prepared and applied, and can be conveniently used for preparing medicaments of various administration routes, and can be used for the chemotherapy process of cancer patients, can effectively protect the chemotherapeutic drugs from damage to the body, and prevent toxic and side reactions caused by chemotherapeutic drugs, Industrial applicability. .

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Description

能够抑制化疗药物引起的毒副反应的药物 技术领域
本发明属于医药领域, 更具体地, 本发明涉及烟酸及其盐和前药的新用途, 及其与治疗 癌症和其它增殖性疾病的药物联合。
背景技术
当今, 全球每年新增 640万, 每年死亡 430万肿瘤 (癌症) 患者。 我国癌症年发患者数达 120多万, 死亡人数高达 90万人以上, 约占世界癌症死亡人数的 20%左右, 并呈逐年上升趋 势。 癌症已成了严重威胁人类健康的常见病、 多发病, 仅我国每年癌症患者的医疗费用高达 1500-1800亿元, 占全国医疗卫生总费用的 20%以上, 远高于其他疾病的医疗费用, 其中每 年仅用于化疗的费用已高达 700亿元。
化疗的疗效是肯定的, 但化疗所用的药物属于细胞毒性药物, 都有一定毒性, 所造成的 副作用主要表现在三个方面。 首先是大多数化疗药物都可能有的副作用, 比如白血球下降、 呕吐和脱发等, 发生这些副作用的地方主要是骨髓、 ff肠黏膜和头发等生长比较快的组织。 这些副作用在化疗时很快就会出现, 停止化疗后有些将会恢复; 其次是个别药物对特定的系 统造成的副作用, 比如, 常用的化疗药物长春新碱会影响神经系统, 博来毒素会影响呼吸系 统。 第三是远期副作用, 如今, 大部分癌症患者能够长期生存了, 因此一些化疗药的远期副 作用也表现出来, 常见的是对生育的影响以及二次致癌。 同时, 大量的临床实践表明, 化疗 的毒副作用也已成为肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因之一。 因此, 化疗的毒副作用是人类面临的一 个巨大挑战, 亟待解决。 因而解决化疗毒副作用的药物开发无疑具有巨大的社会效益和经济 效益, 市场前景广阔。
目前, 还没有一种通用的可靠或可行的办法可以解决这一难题。 一旦出现化疗毒副反 应, 临床上除了停止化疗外通常采用对症处理, 例如, 出现骨髓抑制时, 通常采用输血或者 是使用升白灵等药物使患者血象恢复; 出现胃肠道反应大时, 服用灭吐灵或托烷司琼; 继发 感染时则抗感染等, 然而, 这些对症处理对于减轻化疗的毒副作用非常有限, 不能解决 本 问题。
全身应用的细胞保护药物是用来预防或减少肿瘤化疗所致毒、 副作用, 进而通过提高肿 瘤患者在肿瘤治疗中的顺应性和耐受性而达到提高他们肿瘤治疗效果及其生存质量的一类新 型药物。 细胞保护剂的开发虽仅短短 20多年历史, 但其间已有右雷佐生 (Speyer JL et al. ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10: 1 17-27.; Swain SM et al. Cardioprotection with dexrazoxane for doxorubicin-containing therapy in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 1318-32.; 230. Wexler LH et al.
Randomized trial of the cardioprotective agent ICRF- 187 in pediatric sarcoma patients treated with doxorubicin. J C/w Oncol 1996; 14:362-72.)、 美司那(Scheef W et al.对照 led clinical studies with an antidote against the urotoxicity of oxazophosphorines: preliminary results. Cancer Treat Rep 1979;63:501-5.; Burkert H. Clinical overview of mesna. Cancer Treat Rev 1983; 10: 175— 81.)和氨 碌';丁 (Glick j et al. A randomized trial of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin ± amifostine in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13 :432.)分另1 j成功 地用于预防或降低阿霉素的心毒性、 异环磷酰胺的泌尿道副作用和顺铂的肾毒性等。 细胞保 护剂是当今抗肿瘤药物研究开发领域中的一大热点。 然而, 这些药物对化疗的毒副反应没有 普适的防治作用, 而且本身也有较大的毒性, 因而, 有必要开发出新型广谱的、 安全的对抗 化疗毒副反应的药物。
发明的公开
本发明者经过深入的研究, 发现了如下定义的本发明的式(I )化合物或其可药用盐, 与多种化疗药物联用时不影响化疗的疗效, 对引发的毒副反应具有良好的抑制作用,
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, '
n表示阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 1-10, 优选 1-6;
X表示 0或 NR3;
为表示 H、 C,-C6烷基、 C3-C8环烷基、 C3-C8环醚基, 其可任选被一或多个羟基、 羧 基、 氨基、 d-C6烷基或 -C6烷氧基取代, 优选 H、 1,2,3,4,5,6-己六基、 1,2,3,4,5,6-环己六 基、 2,5,7,8-四曱基 -2-(4,8,12-三曱基十三烷基) -6-苯并二氢吡喃基、 2-羟基 -2,5-二亚曱基 -3,4- 四氢呋喃二基、 2-羟环己 -1,1,3,3-四亚曱基, 最优选 H;
R2表示 H、 |¾素、 羧基、 硝基、 氨基、 羟基、 C,-C6烷基或 CrC6烷氧基, 优选 H、 卤 素, 最优选 H、 氟、 氯;
R3表示 H、 d-C6烷基, 优选 H、 甲基、 乙基或丙基, 最优选 H;
或 (1)的衍生物阿昔莫司。
因此, 本发明包含如下内容:
第一方面提供包括式(I )化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的用 途。
第二方面涉及式(I )化合物或其可药用盐和抗肿瘤药物在制备治疗增殖性疾病的药物 中的用途。
第三方面涉及包括式(I )化合物或其可药用盐和抗肿瘤药物的联用药物。
第四方面提供包括式(I )化合物或其可药用盐和抗肿瘤药物的联合以及药物可接受载 体、 稀释剂或赋形剂混合的药物组合物。
第五方面涉及治疗增殖性疾病的方法, 所述方法包括同时、 依次或分别对患者给药式 ( I )化合物和抗肿瘤药物。
第六方面涉及式 U )化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的用途, 其 中所述治疗包括同时、 依次或分别对患者给药式(1 )化合物或其可药用盐和抗肿瘤药物。 第七方面涉及抗肿瘤药物在制备治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的用途, 其中所述药物用于与 式(I )化合物的联合治疗。
第八方面涉及试剂盒, 包含第一容器和第二容器, 所述的第一容器包含治疗有效量的式
( I )化合物或其可药用盐, 以及药物可接受栽体、 稀释剂或赋形剂, 所述的第二容器包含 治疗有效量的化疗药物, 以及药物可接受载体、 稀释剂或赋形剂。
实施发明的方式
药物联合的效果本质上是不可预料的, 经常存在一种药物部分或完全抑制或促进另一种 药物的效果的倾向。 本发明基于令人惊奇的发现, 即同时、 分别或依次联合给药抗肿瘤药物 和本发明的式(I )化合物或其制剂能够降低抗肿瘤药物的毒副作用,出人意料的这种相互作 用对临床应用至关重要。
下面阐述的优选实施方案适用于本发明的所有上述方面。
本发明所述的能够降低化疗药物化疗产生的不良反应的化合物为式 U )化合物为或其 可药用盐:
Figure imgf000005_0001
( 1 )
其中,
n表示阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 10, 优选卜 6;
X表示 0或 NR3;
为表示 H、 d- 烷基、 C3-C8环烷基、 C3-C8环醚基, 其可任选被一或多个羟基、 羧 基、 氨基、 C,-C6烷基或 d-C6烷氧基取代, 优选 H、 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-己六基、 1,2,3,4,5,6-环己六 基、 2,5,7,8-四曱基 -2-(4,8,12-三曱基十三烷基) -6-苯并二氢吡喃基、 2-羟基 -2,5-二亚曱基 -3,4- 四氢呋喃二基、 2-羟环己 -1,1,3,3-四亚曱基, 最优选 H;
R2表示 H、 l¾素、 羧基、 硝基、 氨基、 羟基、 。|-。6烷基或。|- 6烷氧基, 优选 H、 卤 素, 最优选 H、 氟、 氯;
R3表示 H、 Ci-C6烷基, 优选 H、 曱基、 乙基或丙基, 最优选 H;
或 (1)的^(汙生物阿昔莫司。
优选的本发明的式(I )化合物为如下定义的那些化合物或其可药用盐: 其中, n表示 阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 1-6; X表示 0或 NR3; R,为表示 H、 d-C6烷基、 。3-。8环烷基、 C3-C8环醚基, 其可任选被一或多个羟基、 羧基、 氨基、 -C6烷基或 CrC6烷氧基取代; R2 表示 H、 卤素; R3表示 H、 -C6烷基; 或(1)的衍生物阿昔莫司。
更优选的本发明的式(I )化合物为如下定义的那些化合物或其可药用盐: 其中, n表 示阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 6; X表示 0或 NR3; 为表示曱基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 2-丁基、 叔丁基、 1-戊基、 2-戊基、 3-戊基、 季戊基、 环戊基、 1-己基、 2-己基、 3- 己基、 环己基、 1,2-丙二基、 1 ,3-丙二基、 1 ,2-丁二基、 1,3-丁二基、 1,4-丁二基、 1,2-戊二 基、 1,5-戊二基、 季戊二基、 1,2-己二基、 1 ,6-己二基、 丙三基、 季戊三基、 季戊四基、 1,2,3,4,5,6-己六基、 1,2,3,4,5,6-环己六基、 2,5,7,8-四曱基 -2-(4,8,12-三曱基十三烷基) -6-苯并 二氢吡喃基、 2-羟基 -2,5-二亚甲基 -3,4-四氢呋喃二基、 2-羟环己 -1,1,3,3-四亚甲基、 3,3,4-三 曱基环己基; R2表示 H、 卤素; R3表示 H、 d-C6烷基; 或(1)的衍生物阿昔莫司。
更优选的本发明的式(I )化合物为如下定义的那些化合物或其可药用盐: 其中, n表 示阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 6; X表示 0或 NR3; 为表示 H、 1,2,3,4,5,6-己六基、 季戊四 基、 1,2,3,4,5,6-环己六基、 2,5,7,8-四曱基 -2-(4,8,12-三曱基十三烷基) -6-苯并二氢吡喃基、 2- 羟基 -2,5-二亚曱基 -3,4-四氢呋喃二基、 2-羟环己 -1,1,3,3-四亚曱基、 3,3,4-三甲基环己基; R2 表示 H、 卤素; R3表示 H、 d-C6坑基; 或(1)的衍生物阿昔莫司。
更优选的本发明的式(I )化合物为如下定义的那些化合物或其可药用盐: 其中, n表 示阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 1-6; X表示 O或 NR3; 为表示 H、 1,2,3,4,5,6-己六基、 季戊四 基、 1,2,3,4,5,6-环己六基、 2,5,7,8-四曱基 -2-(4,8,12-三曱基十三烷基) -6-苯并二氢吡喃基、 2- 羟基 -2,5-二亚甲基 -3,4-四氢呋喃二基、 2-羟环己 -1,1 ,3,3-四亚甲基、 3,3,4-三甲基环己基; R2 表示 H、 氟、 氯; R3表示 H; 或(1)的衍生物阿昔莫司。
最优选的本发明的式(I )化合物为如下定义的那些化合物或其可药用盐: 烟酸、 烟酰 胺、 5-氟烟酸、 烟酸肌醇酯、 维 E烟酸酯、 烟酸甘露醇酯、 烟酸季戊四醇酯、 烟呋糖酯、 3,3,4-三曱基环己烟酸酯、 四烟酸 -2-羟环己 -1,1,3,3-四曱酯、 烟酸己醇酯及阿昔莫司, 其为烟 酸或其衍生物或其类似物, 在体内代谢为烟酸或者在体内发挥同样的药效。
式(I )化合物的盐可以是无机酸或有机酸盐, 无机酸的实例包括但不限于盐酸、 氢溴 酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 磷酸, 优选盐酸、 氢溴酸, 硫酸; 有机酸的实例包括曱酸、 乙酸、 丙酸、 丁酸、 笨甲酸、 马来酸盐、 富马酸盐、 酒石酸盐、 苹果酸、 柠檬酸盐、 曱磺酸、 乙磺酸、 苯 磺酸、 对曱笨磺酸、 樟脑磺酸, 酸性氨基酸, 优选苯磺酸、 苯甲酸、 马来酸盐、 富马酸盐、 曱磧酸、 乙磺酸、 酒石酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 谷氨酸及天冬氨酸。
用于本发明上述各方面的抗肿瘤药物包括, 但不限于下列各类药物或其联合:
( 1 )烷化剂: ①氮芥类: 即氮芥(HN2 )及其衍生物, 包括环磷酰胺 ( CTX ) 、 异环 磷酰胺、 硝卡芥(AT-1258 ) 、 苯丙酸氮芥(MEL ) 、 笨丁酸氮芥( CLB ) 、 曱氧芳芥、 抗 瘤新芥、 曱氮咪胺等; ②乙烯亚胺类: 常用的药物为三胺硫碑(TSPA ) ; ③亚硝脲类: 有卡莫司汀( BCNU ) 、 尼莫司汀( ACNU ) 、 司莫司汀( Me-CCNU ) 、 洛莫司汀
( CCNU )及福莫司汀等; ④甲基黄酸酯: 即白消安(BUS ) ;
( 2 )抗代谢类药: ①抗叶酸代谢药物: 曱氨蝶呤(MTX ) ; ②抗嘌呤代谢药物: 培 美曲塞、 鲁米曲塞、 诺拉曲塞、 雷替曲塞、 巯嘌呤(6-MP ) 、 硫鸟嘌呤(6-TC ); ③抗嘧 啶代谢药物: 氟尿嘧啶(5-FU ) 、 阿糖胞苷(Ara-C ) 、 六甲嘧胺( HMM ) 、 环胞苷 ( CCY ) 、 氟达拉滨、 扎西他滨、 恩曲他滨、 地西他滨、 克拉曲滨、 吉西他滨及卡培他 滨; ( 3 )抗肿瘤抗生素: 多肽类和蒽醌类抗肿瘤抗生素, 多肽类包括博来霉素、 更生霉 素等, 蒽醌类包括柔红霉素、 丝裂霉素、 阿霉素、 表阿霉素、 吡喃阿霉素及阿克拉霉素 等;
( 4 )植物类抗癌药: 主要有长春新碱类、 喜树碱类、 鬼臼毒类及紫杉醇类等, 长春碱 类主要有长春碱、 长春新碱、 长春地辛及长春瑞滨; 喜树碱类包括喜树碱、 羟基喜树碱、 拓 朴昔康; 鬼臼毒类包括依托泊苷、 替尼泊苷等; 紫杉醇类包括紫杉醇及多西紫杉醇。
( 5 )其他类型: ①激素类: 性激素, 黄体激素和腎上腺皮质激素, 包括雌激素、 抗雄 激素、 黄体酮、 男性激素、 他莫昔芬、 曱羟孕酮; ②铂类: 顺铂、 卡铂及草酸铂等。
本文使用的术语 "增殖性疾病 "在广泛意义上包括任何需要控制细胞周期的疾病, 例如肿 瘤、 心血管疾病如再狭窄和心脏病, 自身免疫性疾病如肾小球肾炎和类风湿性关节炎、 皮肤 病如牛皮癣、 抗炎性、 抗真菌、 抗寄生虫疾病如疟疾、 气肿和脱发病。 在这些疾病中, 本发 明的化合物可按照需要在所需的细胞内诱导凋亡或保持停滞。 优选地, 增殖性疾病为肿瘤, 更优选为侵袭性强或已经转移的肿瘤, 简称癌症。
癌症选自肺癌、 骨癌、 胰腺癌、 皮肤癌、 头部或颈部癌症、 皮肤或眼内黑色素瘤、 子宫 癌、 卵巢癌、 直肠癌、 肛门区域的癌症、 胃癌、 结肠癌、 乳腺癌、 子宫癌、 输卵管癌、 子宫 内膜癌、 宫颈癌、 阴道癌、 外阴癌、 霍奇金病、 食道癌、 小肠癌、 内分泌系统癌、 曱状腺 癌、 副曱状腺癌、 肾上腺癌、 软组织恶性肿瘤、 尿道癌、 阴茎癌、 前列腺癌、 慢性或急性白 血病、 淋巴细胞瘤、 膀胱癌、 肾或输尿管癌、 肾细胞癌、 肾骨盆癌、 中枢神经系统 (CNS)肿 瘤、 原发性 CNS淋巴瘤、 脊锥瘤、 脑千神经胶质瘤、 垂体腺瘤, 或其组合。
如上所述, 本发明的一个方面涉及式(I )化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗增殖性疾病 的药物中的用途, 其在抗肿瘤药物治疗癌症的同时、 依次或分别使用, 或两者作为联合制 剂。
本文中使用的术语"同时"是指同时地给药上述两类药剂。
本文中使用的术语"依次"是指在时限内为患者给药两类药剂中的一类成分后再为其给药 另一类成分。 因此, 依次给药可允许在一类药剂后, 例如 5分钟、 1小时后或大约几天内给 药另一类药剂。 给药成分间的延时依成分的确切性质、 它们之间的相互作用和它们各自的半 衰期而改变。
本文使用的术语"分别 "是指给药一类药剂和另一类药剂之间的间隔是明显的, 即当给药 第二类药剂时, 在血流中可存在 /不存在治疗有效量的第一类给药药剂。
本文使用的术语 "制备 "或"药剂"指本发明的活性成分用于药物的制备或制备的药物, 或 者其直接作为药物的应用。
"第一类"、 "第二类"或"两类"的"类"指式(I )化合物或其可药用盐本身或制剂, 和化疗 药物两类, 每类可以使用一种、 两种、 三种或四种活性成分或其制剂, 例如可以同时或分别 给予多种化疗药物, 例如对于肺癌, 可以给予顺铂和依托泊苷; 对于乳腺癌, 可以给予顺铂 和紫杉醇, 或者给予阿霉素、 紫杉醇和卡培他滨; 又例如, 式 (I )化合物或其可药用盐本 身或制剂可以给予烟酸, 或者烟酸与烟酰胺, 或者 5-氟烟酸、 烟酰胺与烟酰肌醇酯。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中, 在给予抗肿瘤药物前依次或分别地给药式(I )化合 物。 优选地, 在抗肿瘤药物前至少 1 小时给药式(1 )化合物, 更优选地在抗肿瘤药物前至 少 24小时。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中, 式(I )化合物与抗肿瘤药物同时给药。
式(I )化合物或其类似物, 或其可药用盐的给药次数视活性成分或其制剂的体内半衰 期而定, 例如烟酸或其普通制剂, 由于半衰期较短, 每日至少给药 2次, 而其緩释制剂由于 半衰期较长, 每日给药次数可以仅为 1次; 又例如烟酸肌醇酯, 其需要在体内先代谢为烟酸 后发挥药理效应, 因而烟酸总体半衰期较长, 给药方式可以调整, 例如给药次数减少, 给药 剂量不变或者增加。
本发明的化合物可以已知的方式生产药学组合物, 例如, 通过传统的混合、 溶解、 制 粒、 成锭、 研磨、 乳化、 包嚢、 或压片方法。 合适的制剂依赖于选择的施用途径, 包括局部 用药和全身用药。 可使用本领域任何合适的熟知技术、 载体和赋形剂, 如 Remington's药学 中所述的。 例如, 对于口服施用, 可通过将活性化合物与本领域熟知的可药用载体组合容易 地制成组合物, 这些载体能将本发明化合物制成片剂、 丸剂、 粉末剂、 锭剂、 胶囊、 凝胶 剂、 糖浆剂、 膏剂、 溶液剂、 悬浮液和扁嚢剂等。 化合物还可制成直肠用组合物, 如栓剂或 保留灌肠剂, 例如, 包含传统的栓剂基质, 如可可油或其它甘油酯。 除前述制剂外, 化合物 还可制成喷雾剂和储库型制剂, 后者可通过植入, 例如, 皮下或肌内给药。 此外, 本发明化 合物尚能制备成其他适合肠胃外给药, 包括静脉、 肌肉、 皮下等的形式。 根据药物的性质, 本发明的化合物或其盐还可以緩释或控释的方式释放给药。
本发明的药物组合物和方法全部适合用作对哺乳动物, 哺乳动物可选自小鼠、 大鼠、 兔、 豚鼠、 狗、 猫、 绵羊、 山羊、 奶牛、 灵长类,如猴、 猩猩及猿和人, 特别是对人治疗。
本发明式(I )化合物的有效量, 以烟酸或阿昔莫司计为 0.01mg-10g/Kg, 优选为 lmg- lg/Kg, 更优选为 5mg-0.5g/Kg。
说明书和权利要求书中提到的所有的剂量是日剂量。
本发明公开的化合物或其盐绝大部分已经商品化, 本领域技术人员也可以根据已知的技 术制备, 例如 R.K Mackie, D.M.Smith et al的 《有机合成指南》 (第 3版), 1999 .
实验证明, 本发明式(1 )优选化合物烟酸体外及体内均能够有效抑制多种类型化疗药 物引起的毒副反应及耐药。 本发明其他化合物均为烟酸的盐或前药酯或酰胺或结构类似物 5-氟烟酸、 阿西莫斯, 目前虽然有研究表明部分胃癌或肠癌患者胃肠道酯酶水平有降低(血 清胆碱酯酶与胃癌的相关性〔J〕 .中国肿瘤 ,2003,12:57-58. ) , 但尚无研究表明癌症患者体 内的酯酶水平会完全或基本消失, 因而, 本发明的烟酸前药, 例如烟酸肌醇酯、 VE烟酸酯 均将会以正常或较正常为緩慢的水平释放出烟酸而在体内发挥同样的作用, 当然, 这些化合 物的给药方式和剂量将会做相应的调整, 例如, 可以根据这些化合物代谢为烟酸的半衰期的 长短调整给药方式; 非烟酸酯或酰胺的类似物, 根据其上市说明书中提及的半衰期确定给药 方式。 例如, 烟酰胺、 5-氟烟酸、 烟酸肌醇酯、 维 E烟酸酯、 烟酸甘露醇酯、 烟酸季戊四醇 酯、 烟呋糖酯、 3,3,4-三曱基环己烟酸酯、 四烟酸 -2-羟环己 -U,3,3-四曱酯及阿昔莫司均已经 上市, 可以参考其说明书载明的给药方式给药。
以下以烟酸为例给出药理实验例说明本发明公开的化合物的药理作用。 实施例 实施例 1 烟酸对多种化疗药物处理的人白细胞活力的影响试验
一、 实验流程
烟酸化合物浓度的设计: 设计了 3个浓度, 高浓度(h ) : 125 g/Ml; 中浓度(m ) :
25μ Μ1; 低浓度(1 ) : 5μ^Ι, 烟酸处理 18小时后给予化疗药物。
化疗药物的选择: 分别选取具有不同作用机制的 4种药物: 顺铂、 5-氟尿嘧啶(5-
Fu ) 、 紫杉醇和阿霉素。 化疗药物的浓度的探索: 在正式实验前, 经过预试验探索出 各化疗药物对白细胞合适的剂量: 顺铂: 50um; 5-FU:60uM; 紫杉醇 :20uM; 阿霉素:
5uM。
组别: 高浓度烟酸处理组(Nh ) 、 Nh和顺铂处理组(Nh+顺铂) 、 Nh和紫杉醇(Nh+ 紫杉醇) 、 Nh和阿霉素处理组(Nh+阿霉素) 、 Nh和 5-Fu处理组(Nh+5-Fu ) 、 中浓 度烟酸处理组(Nm ) 、 Nm和顺铂处理组(Nm+顺铂) 、 Nm和 5-Fu ( Nm+5-Fu ) 、 Nm和紫杉醇处理组(Nm+紫杉醇) 、 Nm和阿霉素处理组(Nm+阿霉素) 、 低浓度烟 酸处理组(Nl ) 、 N1和顺铂处理组(N1+顺铂) 、 N1和紫杉醇处理组(N1+紫杉醇) 、 N1和阿霉素处理组(N1+阿霉素) 、 NI和 5-Fu ( Nl+5-Fu )和阴性对照组共 16组, 由 于 96孔板无法一次做完所有组别, 只能每块板做部分组别的实验, 但每块板必须设立 阴性对照, 具体数据见表 1和表 2。
阴性对照: 选择未经任何处理的白细胞组作为阴性对照组, 是因为细胞颗粒对吸光度影 响很大。
培养条件: 正常人外周血细胞经 Ficoll分离, 获得单个核细胞, 经 PBS清洗三次后, IMDM+10%FBS悬浮, 加入化合物烟酸处理 18小时后 (细胞状态良好, 出现增殖相)。 然后加入化疗药处理, 按每孔 2.5万个细胞 /lOOul培养基接种 96孔板, 37度培养过 夜。 处理: 由于白细胞体外培养增殖有限, 而且较快地进入衰亡期, 因而, 选择在 24 小时及 48小时后以 CCK-8方法检测细胞活性。
细胞活力计算公式: 细胞活力 (%) =A (实验孔) χ Ι ΟΟ/Α (阴性对照孔)计算各实验 组的细胞活力 (实时扣去培养基底物的吸光度) 。
二、 实验结杲
培养 24小时时细胞活力情况
板 1
Nh+顺 Nm+ Nm+5 N1+顺 Nl+5- 阴性
Nh Nm Nl 顺铂 5-FU
铂 顺铂 -FU 铂 FU 对照
0.986 0.893 0.802 0.882 0.818 0.755 0.746 0.816 0.747 0.870 0.693 0.81
0.933 0.845 0.733 0.806 0.785 0.716 0.722 0.762 0.720 0.768 0.684 0.809
0.924 0.824 0.805 0.813 0.774 0.68 0.731 0.741 0.748 0.73 0.725 0.786
0.863 0.776 0.693 0.771 0.761 0.728 0.72 0.748 0.714 0.790 均值 0.926 0.834 0.758 0.818 0.784 0.719 0.730 0.767 0.732 0.789 0.701 0.799 细胞
116.0 104.5 94.9 102.4 98.2 90.1 91.4 96.0 91.7 98.8 87.7 100 活力
板 2
Nh Nh+紫 Nh+阿 Nm Nm+ Nm+ Nl N1+紫 N1+阿 紫杉 阿霉 阴性 杉醇 審辛 紫杉 阿霉 杉醇 尊素 醇 素 对照 醇 素
0.918 0.763 0.638 0.879 0.799 0.632 0.818 0.863 0.652 0.754 0.582 0.919
0.862 0.721 0.626 0.832 0.724 0.609 0.789 0.795 0.634 0.743 0.582 0.837
0.85 0.710 0.604 0.772 0.723 0.591 0.776 0.762 0.614 0.723 0.596 0.825
0.875 0.710 0.603 0.787 0.738 0.622 0.781 0.741 0.601 0.72 0.63 0.745 均值 0.876 0.726 0.618 0.8175 0.746 0.614 0.791 0.790 0.625 0.735 0.598 0.832 细胞
105.4 87.3 74.3 98.3 89.7 73.8 95.1 95.0 75.2 88.4 71.9 100 活力
表 2、 培养 48小时时细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000010_0001
从表 1和表 2的结果, 可以得出以下分析结论:
1. 每块板中, 与阴性对照组相比, 仅经烟酸处理组的白细胞增殖情况显现出与烟酸浓 度正相关的关系: Nh组白细胞增殖情况均优于阴性对照组, 表明高浓度烟酸
( \ 25μ^Μ\ ) 能够促进白细胞的增殖; Nm组白细胞增殖情况总体与阴性对照组相 当, 表明中等浓度烟酸(25 g/Ml ) 不影响白细胞的增殖; N1组白细胞增殖情况均 劣于阴性对照组, 由于已知烟酸为非细胞毒类药物, 可能原因为低浓度烟酸
( 5 g/Ml ) 改变了白细胞的培养基组成, 最终导致白细胞增殖的轻微抑制;
2. 4种浓度经过预试验筛选的化疗药物顺铂 (50Um ) 、 5-FU ( 60uM ) 、 紫杉醇
( 20uM )和阿霉素 (5uM )在选定的浓度下, 与阴性对照组相比, 均对白细胞的增 殖有明显的抑制作用, 由于这些药物均是细胞毒类药物, 说明其对白细胞有明显的 细胞毒性作用;
3. 与细胞毒类药物随着作用时间的延长, 细胞毒性作用更加明显已知结论吻合, 4种 细胞毒类药物在 48小时时的细胞毒效应明显较 24小时时显著;
虽然不同浓度的烟酸本身对白细胞的增殖产生不同的影响, 但是不同浓度的烟酸均对化 疗药物的白细胞细胞毒性产生一定的抑制作用, 换言之, 对白细胞的增殖有一定的保护作 用, 其中对顺铂的细胞毒拮抗作用最大, 对阿霉素和 5-Fu的作用次之, 对紫杉醇最弱。 实施例 2 烟酸对多种化疗药物处理的多株人癌细胞系活力的影响试验
一、 实验流程
烟酸化合物浓度的设计同实施例 1 ;
化疗药物的选择: 化疗药物的种类同实施例 1 , 其对每种人癌细胞系的作用浓度均在实 验前进行探索;
各类化疗药物浓度的探索: 在正式实验前, 经过预试验探索出各化疗药物对白细胞合适 的剂量, 具体如下;
人癌细月包系: 选择 4种常见的癌细胞系, 如下:
人肺癌细胞系 A549: 顺铂(50uM ) 、 5-FU ( 60uM ) 、 紫杉醇( 20uM )和阿霉素 ( 5uM );
人乳腺癌细胞系 MCF7: 顺铂(75uM ) 、 5-FU ( 90uM ) 、 紫杉醇( 20uM )和阿霉素 ( lOuM );
人胃癌细胞系 BGC-823: 顺铂(75uM ) 、 5-FU ( 90uM ) 、 紫杉醇( 20uM )和阿霉素 ( lOuM );
人结肠癌细胞系 HCT116: 顺铂 U50uM ) 、 5-FU ( 90uM ) 、 紫杉醇( 20uM )和阿霉 素( lOuM ) ;
组别: 对于每个不同的癌细胞系, 均分高浓度烟酸处理组(Nh ) 、 Nh和顺铂处理组 ( Nh+顺柏) 、 Nh和紫杉醇(Nh+紫杉醇) 、 Nh和阿霉素处理组(Nh+阿霉素) 、 Nh 和 5-Fu处理组 ( Nh+5-Fu ) 、 中浓度烟酸处理组( Nm ) 、 Nm和顺铂处理组(Nm+顺 铂) 、 Nm和 5-Fu ( Nm+5-Fu ) 、 Nm和紫杉醇处理组(Nm+紫杉醇) 、 Nm和阿霉素 处理组(Nm+阿霉素) 、 低浓度烟酸处理组(Nl ) 、 N1和顺铂处理组(N1+顺铂) 、 N1 和紫杉醇处理组(N1+紫杉醇) 、 N1和阿霉素处理组(N1+阿霉素) 、 N1和 5-Fu ( Nl+5-Fu )和阴性对照组共 16组, 由于 96孔板无法一次做完所有组别, 只能每块板 做部分组别的实验, 但每块板必须设立阴性对照, 具体数据见表 3至表 10, 其中表 3- 表 6为 4个癌细胞系培养 24小时后的结果, 表 7-表 10为 4个癌细胞系培养 48小时后 的结果。
阴性对照: 选择未经任何处理的白细胞组作为阴性对照组, 是因为细胞颗粒对吸光度影 响很大。
培养条件: 癌细胞至对数生长期后, 加入烟酸处理 18小时后, 加入化疗药处理, 37度 培养, 分别在培养 24小时及 48小时后以 CCK-8方法检测细胞活力。 细胞活力计算公式: 细胞活力 (%) =A (实验孔) x lOO/A (阴性对照孔)计算各实验 组的细胞活力 (实时扣去培养基底物的吸光度) 。
二、 实验结果 1 (培养 24小时)
表 3、 培养 24小时时 A549细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000012_0001
表 4、 培养 24小时时 MCF7细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000012_0002
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 5、 培养 24小时时 HCT1 16细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000013_0002
表 6、 培养 24小时时 BGC-823细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000013_0003
三、 实验结果 2 (培养 48小时)
表 7、 培养 48小时时 A549细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000013_0004
high 铂 FU 醇 素 medium 铂 FU 醇 素 醇 素
0.893 0.707 0.679 0.546 0.631 0.894 0.619 0.785 0.653 0.636 0.81 1 0.694 0.562 0.651 0.931
0.929 0.549 0.421 0.474 0.499 0.875 0.736 0.65 0.539 0.549 0.843 0.747 0.561 0.564 0.883
0.755 0.549 0.528 0.508 0.589 0.752 0.632 0.591 0.664 0.712 0.764 0.726 0.545 0.748 0.998
0.817 0.606 0.676 0.506 0.586 0.88 0.589 0.562 0.526 0.718 0.765 0.681 0.617 0.727 0.872 平均 0.849 0.603 0.576 0.509 0.5769 0.8509 0.644 0.647 0.596 0.654 0.796 0.712 0.571 0.672 0.921 值
实验 92.1 65.4 62.5 55.2 62.6 92.3 69.9 70.2 64.7 71.0 86.4 77.3 62.0 73.0 100 组 /对
照组
( % )
板 2 pl pl+顺 pl+5- pl+紫杉 pl+阿霉 顺铂 5-FU 紫杉醇 阿霉素 阴性对照
铂 FU 醇 素
Pi pl+顺 pl+5- pl+紫杉 pl+阿霉 顺铂 5-FU 紫杉醇 阿霉素 control
铂 FU 醇 素
0.71 0.875 0.746 0.608 0.822 0.806 0.857 0.622 0.855 0.881
0.601 0.872 0.729 0.721 0.897 0.974 0.959 0.557 0.799 0.924
0.723 0.779 0.562 0.889 0.871 0.858 0.81 0.901 0.946
0.818 0.788 0.648 0.695 0.677 0.719 0.699 0.863 0.999
平均 0.655 0.822 0.760 0.635 0.826 0.832 0.848 0.672 0.854 0.937
实验 69.9 87.7 81.1 67.7 88.1 88.7 90.5 71.7 91.1 100
组 /对
照组
( % )
表 8、 培养 48小时时 MCF7细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000014_0001
表 9、 培养 48小时时 HCT1 16细胞活力情况 板 1 Ph ph+顺铂 ph+5-FU pm pm+顺柏 pm+5-FU pi pl+顺铂 pl+5-FU 顺铂 5-FU 阴性对照
1.208 1.062 0.358 1.194 1.098 0.361 1.270 1.144 0.355 1.236 0.349 1.343
1.214 1.096 0.385 1.108 1.046 0.358 1.151 1.155 0.379 1.161 0.368 1.292
1.222 1.027 0.395 1.106 1.001 0.363 1.085 1.1 16 0.401 1.097 0.360 1.230
1.190 1.044 0.358 1.136 0.989 0.351 1.147 1.1 19 0.400 1.132 0.364 1.302 平均值 1.208 1.057 0.374 1.136 1.033 0.358 1.163 1.133 0.383 1.156 0.360 1.291 实验组 /对照组 93.6 81.8 29.0 87.9 80.0 27.7 90.0 87.7 29.7 89.5 27.9 100 板 2 ph ph+紫杉醇 ph+阿霉素 pm pm+紫杉醇 pm+阿霉素 pl pl+紫杉醇 pl+阿霉素紫杉醇阿霉素阴性对照
1.516 0.867 0.298 1.454 0.854 0.299 1.328 0.75 0.314 0.969 0.288 1.304
1.479 0.924 0.319 1.413 0.843 0.31 1 1.387 0.754 0.318 0.920 0.329 1.253
1.498 0.844 0.306 1.308 0.840 0.308 1.266 0.897 0.314 0.863 0.313 1.31 1
1.487 0.875 0.314 1.268 0.807 0.31 1 1.281 0.792 0.314 0.878 0.319 1.245 平均值 1.495 0.877 0.309 1.360 0.836 0.307 1.315 0.798 0.315 0.907 0.312 1.278 实验组 /对照组 1 16.9 68.6 24.2 106.4 65.4 24.0 102.9 62.4 24.6 70.9 24.4 100
表 10、 培养 48小时时 BGC-823细胞活力情况
Figure imgf000015_0001
从表 3至表 10的结果, 我们可以得出以下分析结论:
1. 每块板中, 无论是培养 24小时还是 48小时, 与阴性对照组相比, 仅经烟酸处理的 癌细胞系增殖略有差异, 总体而言, 中等浓度的烟酸(25μ§/Μ1 )对癌细胞的抑制作 用最明显, 而高浓度(125 g/Ml )和低浓度的烟酸(5 g/Ml )对不同的癌细胞系的 影响不同, 均对部分细胞系抑制, 而对另一部分细胞系的增殖有促进作用, 但可表 明烟酸本身在体外并无普遍的抑制癌细胞系增殖的作用;
2. 4种化疗药物在经过预试验筛选的浓度下, 与阴性对照组相比, 对癌细胞的增殖均 有明显的抑制作用, 而且随着作用时间的延长, 细胞毒性作用更加明显, 4种细胞 毒类药物在 48小时时的细胞毒效应明显较 24小时时显著;
3. 虽然不同浓度的烟酸本身对不同癌细胞的增殖产生一定的影响, 但是不同浓度的烟 酸均对化疗药物的癌细胞细胞毒性无干扰作用, 换言之, 烟酸对化疗药物作用下的 癌细胞的增殖无明显的促进或抑制作用。 实施例 3化疗药物及烟酸对小鼠生存率的影响试验 (―) 将 24只小鼠随机分为 3组, 即安慰剂、 环磷酰胺及环磷酰胺 +烟酸组, 适应性饲养 2周 后, 待给予环磷酰胺 +烟酸组小鼠 500mg/Kg烟酸后 12小时, 各组开始给予安慰剂或环磷酰胺 350mg/ g, 环嶙酰胺为 5天给药 1次, 烟酸为每天给药, 持续 15天, 统计各组小鼠死亡情况 如表 5:
表 1 1烟酸及高剂量化疗药物对小鼠生存率的影响
Figure imgf000016_0001
本实验直接以小鼠的生存率为指标, 表明高剂量的化疗药物能够严重影响动物的生存 率, 而在使用烟酸的情况下, 同样高剂量的化疗药物引起的小鼠致死率远低于未使用烟酸 组, 差异有显著性, 表明烟酸能够对抗化疗药物对动物机体的损害, 能够有效保护动物尽量 少的受到化疗药物的影响。 实施例 4化疗药物及烟酸对小鼠生存率的影响试验(二)
将 42只小鼠随机分为 3组, 即安慰剂、 顺铂及顺铂 +烟酸组, 适应性飼养 2周后, 待给 予顺铂 +烟酸组小鼠 200mg/Kg烟酸后 24小时, 各组开始给予安慰剂或顺铂 20mg/Kg, 顺铂 和烟酸均为给药 1次, 持续观察 15天, 统计各组小鼠死亡情况如表 5: 表 12烟酸及高剂量化疗药物对小鼠生存率的影响
Figure imgf000016_0002
本实验在实施例 3的试验基础上, 做了如下方案调整: 1.烟酸的使用剂量降低, 相当于 人每日使用烟酸剂量的二分之一; 2.烟酸仅在给予顺铂前使用一次; 3.将给药时间由给药化 疗药物 12小时前调整至 24小时前。 结果仍然表明, 烟酸对化疗药物处理后的小鼠有明显的 保护作用, 无论是死亡时间还是最终存活率均有显著的改善, 但是, 保护效应弱于烟酸连续 给药; 同时, 烟酸对雌性小鼠的保护作用要明显强于雄性小鼠, 提示烟酸对化疗药物毒副作 用的保护作用可能有性别选择。 实施例 5化疗药物及烟酸对人乳腺癌细胞棵鼠生存率的影响试验
人乳腺癌细胞棵鼠模型的建立:细胞株为人乳腺癌细胞株 MCF-7; 实验动物为健康雌性 纯种 BALB /C棵鼠 27只, 5周龄, 体重 15g-20g。 棵鼠置于恒温层流箱中, 于 SPF环境下饲 养, 12h光照和 12h黑夜交替。 人乳腺癌细胞株 MCF-7在含 10%的胎牛血清及 100U/L胰岛素 的 RNMI-1640培养液中培养, 培养细胞置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中, 每 3 ~ 5天传代 1次。 收集对数生长期细胞制备悬液, 活细胞浓度为 l x l07/ml。 台盼蓝染色计数活细胞占 95%以 上。 SPF环境下进行实验操作,在每只棵鼠的乳房脂肪垫下接种细胞悬液 0.1 ml/只。 乳腺癌 细胞接种后在接种部位乳垫处出现肿瘤结节, 质地较硬, 结节渐增大。 14 d后将 24只成功建 模的荷瘤棵鼠随机分为 3组, 待给予顺铂 +烟酸组小鼠 800mg/Kg烟酸后 24小时, 各组开始给 予安慰剂或顺铂 25mg/Kg, 顺铂为 5天给药 1次, 烟酸此后为每天给药 250mg/Kg, 持续 15天。 安慰剂组腹腔注射生理盐水, 未死亡鼠每日定时用游标卡尺测量肿瘤大小, 分别记录长径和 短径,计算肿瘤重量,绘制标准曲线。 折算公式:丁(0^) =1^\¥2 /2 (丁代表肿瘤重量、 L为瘤体 长径、 W为瘤体短径)。 并计算抑瘤率, 抑瘤率 = (对照组重量 -实验组重量)/对照组重量 χ 100%。
表 2烟酸及高剂量化疗药物对小鼠生存率的影响
Figure imgf000017_0001
a: 顺铂 /未给药组死亡的 6只棵鼠平均死亡时间为第 10天; b: 顺铂 /给药组死亡的 1只 棵鼠平均死亡时间为第 12天。 本实验直接以荷瘤棵鼠的瘤重和生存率为指标, 表明高剂量 的化疗药物能够严重影响荷瘤棵鼠的生存率, 而在使用高剂量的化疗药物时联合使用烟酸能 够有效保护动物尽量少的受到化疗药物的影响, 同样高剂量的化疗药物引起的小鼠致死率远 低于未使用烟酸组, 而校正了死亡时间的瘤重相当, 表明联合使用烟酸不影响顺铂疗效。 工业应用性
本发明化合物能够制备与应用, 而且可以便利地用于制备各种给药途径的药剂, 用于 癌症患者的化疗过程, 能够有效保护化疗药物对机体损伤, 防治化疗药物引起的毒副反应, 具有工业应用性。 。

Claims

权利要求
1. 式( 1 )化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的用途
Figure imgf000018_0001
( 1 ) 其中,
n表示阿拉伯数字, 其范围为 10; X表示 0或 NR3;
为表示 H、 -C6烷基、 C3-C8环烷基、 C3-C8环酸基, 其可任选被一或多个羟基、 羧基、 氨基、 d-C6烷基或 d-C6烷氧基取代 H;
R2表示 H、 l¾素、 羧基、 硝基、 氨基、 羟基、 -C6烷基或 -C6烷氧基;
R3表示 H、 -C6烷基; 或(1)的类似物阿昔莫司。
2.包括如权利要求 1中定义的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐和抗肿瘤药物的联合在制备治疗 增殖性疾病的药物中的用途, 所述抗肿瘤药物选自下述某一个药物或几个药物的联合:
(1)烷化剂: ①氮芥类: 环磷酰胺(CTX) 、 异环磷酰胺、 硝卡芥(AT-1258) 、 苯丙酸 氮芥(MEL) 、 苯丁酸氮芥 (CLB) 、 甲氧芳芥( Methoxymerphalan ) 、 抗瘤新芥
(Ocaphan) 、 曱氮咪胺( Dacarbazine ) ; ②乙烯亚胺类: 三胺硫麟 ( TSPA ); ③亚硝脲 类: 卡莫司汀(BCNU) 、 尼莫司汀(ACNU) 、 司莫司汀(Me-CCNU) 、 洛莫司汀
(CCNU)及福莫司汀等; ④甲基黄酸酯: 白消安(BUS) ;
( 2 )抗代谢类药: ①抗叶酸代谢药物: 曱氨蝶呤( MTX ) ; ②抗嘌呤代谢药物: 培美曲 塞、 鲁米曲塞、 诺拉曲塞、 雷替曲塞、 巯嘌呤(6-MP) 、 硫鸟嘌呤(6-TC); ③抗嘧啶代 谢药物: 氟尿嘧啶(5-FU) 、 阿糖胞苷(Ara-C) 、 六曱嘧胺( HMM ) 、 环胞苷
(CCY) 、 氟达拉滨、 扎西他滨、 恩曲他滨、 地西他滨、 克拉曲滨、 吉西他滨及卡培他 滨;
(3)抗肿瘤抗生素: 包括博来霉素、 更生霉素、 柔红霉素、 丝裂霉素、 阿霉素、 表阿霉 素、 吡喃阿霉素及阿克拉霉素;
(4)植物类抗癌药: 长春碱、 长春新碱、 长春地辛、 长春瑞滨、 喜树碱、 羟基喜树碱、 拓 朴昔康、 依托泊苷、 替尼泊苷、 紫杉醇及多西紫杉醇; ( 5 )其他类型: 激素类: 包括雌激素、 抗雌激素、 黄体酮、 男性激素、 他莫昔芬、 曱羟孕 酮; 铂类: 顺铂、 卡铂、 奥沙利铂及草酸铂; 以及三氧化二砷。
3.权利要求 1-2中定义的式(1 )化合物或其可药用盐在制备治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的用 途, 其可降低权利要求 2中定义的抗肿瘤药物的不良反应。
4.包括如权利要求 1-3中定义的式(I )化合物或其可药用盐本身或其制剂, 其在治疗中与 权利要求 2所述的化疗药物同时、 依次或分别使用。
5.权利要求 2中定义的联用药物, 指复方药物或者置于相同或者不同容器中的不同制剂。
6.如权利要求 5中定义的式(I )化合物或其盐为烟酸、 烟酰胺、 5-氟烟酸、 烟酸肌醇酯、 维 E烟酸酯、 烟酸甘露醇酯、 烟酸季戊四醇酯、 烟呋糖酯、 3,3,4-三曱基环己烟酸酯、 四烟 酸 -2-羟环己 -1 ,1, 3,3-四曱酯、 烟酸己醇酯及阿昔莫司或其可药用盐。
7.如权利要求 1-6中定义的式( I )化合物或其盐在与如权利要求 2所述的化疗药物的联 用, 两类药物均可使用不超过 5种活性成份的化合物或其制剂。
8.如权利要求 1-7中定义的式(I )化合物或其盐本身或其制剂在与如权利要求 2所述的化 疗药物的联用时, 应当在使用化疗药物之前即开始使用。
9.如权利要求卜 7中定义的式(I )化合物或其盐本身或其制剂的剂量范围为 O.Olmg- lg Kg。
10. 如权利要求 2中定义的化疗药物, 包括顺铂、 卡铂、 奥沙利铂、 草酸铂、 他莫昔芬、 长 春碱、 长春新碱、 长春地辛、 长春瑞滨、 喜树碱、 羟基喜树碱、 拓朴昔康、 依托泊苷、 替尼 泊苷、 紫杉醇、 多西紫杉醇、 博来霉素、 更生霉素、 柔红霉素、 兰裂霉素、 阿霉素、 表阿霉 素、 吡喃阿霉素、 阿克拉霉素、 曱氨蝶呤、 培美曲塞、 鲁米曲塞、 诺拉曲塞、 雷替曲塞、 巯 嘌呤(6-MP ) 、 硫鸟嘌呤(6-TC ) 、 氟尿嘧啶(5-FU ) 、 阿糖胞苷、 六曱嘧胺、 环胞苷、 氟达拉滨、 扎西他滨、 恩曲他滨、 地西他滨、 克拉曲滨、 吉西他滨、 卡培他滨、 环磷酰胺
( CTX ) 、 异环磷酰胺、 卡莫司汀(BCNU ) 、 尼莫司汀(ACNU ) 、 司莫司汀( Me- CCNU ) 、 洛莫司汀(CCNU ) 、 福莫司汀。
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CN113493409A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-12 上海应用技术大学 一种制备多元醇烟酸酯类化合物的工艺方法

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CN102816153A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2012-12-12 浙江新赛科药业有限公司 一种合成ve烟酸酯的方法
CN108117516A (zh) * 2017-12-31 2018-06-05 浙江工业大学 一种多取代吡啶衍生物的制备方法及其应用
CN108117516B (zh) * 2017-12-31 2021-01-19 浙江工业大学 一种多取代吡啶衍生物的制备方法及其应用
CN113493409A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-12 上海应用技术大学 一种制备多元醇烟酸酯类化合物的工艺方法

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