Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/244—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from corms, tubers or roots, e.g. glucomannan
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/256—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from seaweeds, e.g. alginates, agar or carrageenan
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/269—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of microbial origin, e.g. xanthan or dextran
  • A23L29/27—Xanthan not combined with other microbial gums
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
  • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
  • A61K31/716—Glucans
  • A61K31/723—Xanthans
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
  • A61K31/734—Alginic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
  • A61K31/736—Glucomannans or galactomannans, e.g. locust bean gum, guar gum
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
  • A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
  • A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
  • A23V2200/328—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having effect on glycaemic control and diabetes

Definitions

• the invention relates to dietary fiber compositions, medical foods comprising dietary fiber compositions, and their use to delay the onset and/or reduce the severity of metabolic syndrome and of Type II diabetes.
• FIGURE 7B graphically illustrates the histological score for pancreatic islet cell degeneration present in Zucker diabetic rats fed either VFC, cellulose, or inulin diets at the end of the 8-week study, based on a histologic score of 0-5, with 5 being the most severe, as described in Example 1 ;
• the method comprises administering a dietary fiber blend
• the mixture is then diluted with crushed ice and water until the sulphuric acid solution is about 0.5N.
• the solution is then heated for six hours on a boiling water bath, then neutralized with calcium carbonate.
• the bright yellow filtrate wash water are concentrated, then passed through a cation-exchange column and concentrated under reduced pressure to a thin syrup.
• some of the lactone crystallizes from the syrup, but only if the hydrolized alginic acid contained more D-mannuronic acid than L-guluronic acid.
• the remaining D-mannuronolactone and L-guluronic acid are separated by chromatographic methods as described herein.
• Insulin, cholesterol, and blood chemistries measured only at the end of the study in non-fasted rats were analyzed by one-way AN OVA.
• Significant effects were followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunnets' multiple comparisons test (MCT), as described in Motulsky H., Intuitive Biostatistics, NY, University Press (1995).
• MCT multiple comparisons test
• Non-interval or discrete data e.g., histology scores
• Kruskal Wallis test as described in Motulsky H., Intuitive Biostatistics, NY, University Press (1995).
• Significant effects were followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunnets' MCT.
• FIGURE 3B graphically illustrates the composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) scores for non-fasted Zucker diabetic rats fed either VFC, cellulose, or inulin diets during the 8-week study.
• CISI composite insulin sensitivity index
• FIGURE 4 graphically illustrates the level of serum triglycerides measured in fasted Zucker diabetic rats fed either VFC, cellulose, or inulin diets over time during the 8-week study. As shown in FIGURE 4, for the fasted animals, VFC-treated animals showed an early and significant lowering effect on triglycerides as compared to the inulin- and cellulose-treated groups.
• FIGURE 7C graphically illustrates the histological score for the amount of pancreatic islet fibrosis present in Zucker diabetic rats fed either VFC, cellulose, or inulin diets at the end of the 8-week study, based on a histologic score of 0-5, with 5 being the most severe.
• scores for the amount of islet fibrosis tended to be lower in rats fed a VFC-containing diet compared to rats fed cellulose- or inulin-containing diets; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
• Scores for the presence of hemorrhage or hemosiderin revealed a trend for lower scores in rats fed a VFC-containing diet, but the results were not statistically significant (data not shown).
• ALT and AST alanine aminotransferase
• AST aspartate aminotransferase
• CISI scores also showed improved insulin sensitivity in the VFC-treated animals as compared to the other groups.
• Weight reduction in subjects consuming non-digestible fibers is thought to be related to one or more of the following: reduced food intake, altered satiety hormone response, reduced nutrient adsorption secondary to gastric slowing and/or nutrient adsorption by the fiber (see N.C. Howarth et al., Nutr. Rev. 59:163-169 (2001); A. Sandberg et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60:751-756 (1994); G. Grunberger et al., Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. 23:56-62 (2006); and J.R. Paxman et al., Nutr. Res. 57:501-505 (2008)).
• Polysaccharides are naturally occurring polymers composed of sugars (monosaccharides) linked through their glycosidic hydroxyl groups. They may be branched or linear and can have very high molecular weights ranging from several thousand Daltons to more than two million.
• the primary structure of granulated VFC (70% konjac-mannan, 17% xanthan gum, 13% sodium alginate) was determined using methylation analysis, hydrolysis and chromatography and hydrolysis and NMR spectroscopy.
• Dionex acid chromatography is a chromatographic method that has been used extensively on sugars and related compounds. This method of detection is much more sensitive as compared to many of the methods that have been employed in the past such as Refractive Index.
• TABLE 14 shows the measured retention times of the standards comprising the expected hydrolysate components of TMl and granulated VFC along with a summary of the chromatograms obtained for hydrolysates of TMl and granulated VFC.
• four of the possible components (glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and mannuronic acid) were detected in hydrolysates of TMl and granulated VFC.
• the fifth component, guluronic acid was not detected in this analysis, likely due to the relatively low sodium alginate content of the mixtures. No unexpected hydrolysate components were detected.
• the studies described in this Example were carried out to investigate whether the ternary granulated VFB/C mixture including konjac mannan, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate contains networks and junction zones involving all three components, resulting in solution flow properties that are unique to processed/granulated VFC as compared to the unprocessed/ungranulated VFB, or the individual components konjac mannan, xanthan gum, or sodium alginate.
• the presence of non-covalent macromolecular interactions between the three polysaccharides in granulated VFC (PGX®) in solution was investigated with the techniques described below. Since binary interactions between konjac glucomannan and xanthan gum were expected from the results of the study described in Example 5, further analysis was carried out to specifically probe any participation of the third polysaccharide, sodium alginate, in possible ternary interactions.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

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