WO2011095948A1 - Agencement de réglage de couleur - Google Patents

Agencement de réglage de couleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011095948A1
WO2011095948A1 PCT/IB2011/050491 IB2011050491W WO2011095948A1 WO 2011095948 A1 WO2011095948 A1 WO 2011095948A1 IB 2011050491 W IB2011050491 W IB 2011050491W WO 2011095948 A1 WO2011095948 A1 WO 2011095948A1
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Prior art keywords
systems
optical
ceramic component
optical ceramic
led
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PCT/IB2011/050491
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English (en)
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Hans-Helmut Bechtel
Matthias Heidemann
Wilhelmus Cornelis Keur
Peter Josef Schmidt
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh
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Publication of WO2011095948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011095948A1/fr

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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
    • C09K11/7734—Aluminates
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/638—Removal thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/10—Refractors for light sources comprising photoluminescent material
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
    • C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
    • C04B2235/9653—Translucent or transparent ceramics other than alumina
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to novel optical ceramic components for light emitting devices, especially phosphor converted LEDs (pcLEDs), as well as a method of production of such components.
  • pcLEDs phosphor converted LEDs
  • LED Light-emitting diode
  • LEDs offer advantages over traditional light sources, such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps, including long lifetime, high lumen efficacy, low operating voltage and fast modulation of lumen output.
  • LEDs are often based on blue light emitting materials, such as InGaN.
  • a suitable wavelength converting material commonly known as phosphor
  • phosphor may be provided which converts part of the light emitted by the LED into light of longer wavelengths so as to generate a combination of light having the desired spectral characteristics.
  • An example of a suitable wavelength converting material for use in a blue LED based device for emitting white light is a cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce). LEDs comprising such wavelength converting material are commonly known as phosphor converted LEDs
  • Phosphors comprising silicates, phosphates (for example, apatite) and aluminates as host materials, with transition metals or rare earth metals added as activating materials to the host materials, are widely known.
  • phosphates for example, apatite
  • aluminates as host materials, with transition metals or rare earth metals added as activating materials to the host materials.
  • transition metals or rare earth metals added as activating materials to the host materials
  • a disadvantage of the pc-LED based illumination devices is that in the functional off-state of the device, the color of the phosphor may be clearly visible, e.g. in case of a YAG:Ce phosphor, a distinct yellowish appearance. Since such colored appearance in the functional off-state of the device is undesired for some applications techniques have been developed to produce LED based illumination devices having a neutral, e.g. white or whitish, appearance in the off-state.
  • WO 2008/0044171 describes a lighting device comprising a LED and a phosphor layer. The lighting device further comprising means for providing a residual current to the LED in the functional off-state.
  • a drawback of such technique is that also in the off-state a small amount of energy is needed to provide a white or whitish appearance.
  • Another drawback of the techniques known from the state of the art is that often such color adjusting arrangements reducing the light output efficiency of the light emitting device.
  • an optical ceramic component for a light emitting device said optical ceramic component essentially consisting of an aluminate of the general formula wherein M 1 is chosen from the group consisting of Sr, La, or Ca, or mixtures thereof, wherein 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and 0.001 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, characterized in that the optical ceramic element is transparent.
  • the term "essentially” means especially that > 95 %, preferably > 97 % and most preferred > 99 % wt-%.
  • transparent means that the optical ceramic component is essentially free of cloudiness and light transmission changes with thickness less than 10 percent per 100 ⁇ for wavelength > 450 nm..
  • lighting devices comprising pcLEDs may be built which show a white or whitish appearance in the off-state.
  • lighting devices comprising pcLEDs may be built which show an improved efficiency of the LED due to the refractive index of the optical ceramic component. Due to its luminescent characteristics, the optical ceramic component shows a blue emission when excited with light of shorter wavelength than a blue LED, e.g. UV-light, which gives additional blue light output to the light emitting device.
  • a blue LED e.g. UV-light
  • the optical ceramic component is not stimulated by the pcLED emission, therefore does not reduce the light output of the pcLED.
  • y is > 0.05 and ⁇ 0.5, preferably > 0.08 and ⁇ 0.2. This has been found to be advantageous for many applications, since when y is too low, the optical ceramic component cannot be sintered to transparency, on the other hand if y is too high, the luminescent character of the component is too low.
  • x is > 0.0005 and ⁇ 0.5, preferably > 0.001 and ⁇ 0.2.
  • Increasing x generally improves sinterability of the ceramics and thus allows lower sintering temperatures and/or sintering dwell times, however, if x is too high, the chromaticity of the components is altered in a way that off state white appearance of the device is worsened.
  • the optical ceramic component is luminescent.
  • the luminescent optical ceramic component may have an absorption maximum at a wavelength shorter than the emission maximum of a blue emitting LED, preferably ⁇ 440 nm.
  • the luminescent optical ceramic component when stimulated at a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the emission maximum of a blue emitting LED has an emission peak wavelength within the emission spectra of a blue emitting LED, preferably between > 440 nm to ⁇ 490 nm.
  • ceramic in the sense of the present invention means and/or includes especially a crystalline or polycrystalline compact material or composite material with a controlled amount of pores or which is pore free.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a light emitting device, especially a LED, comprising at least one optical ceramic component as described above.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a method of producing an optical ceramic component as described above, said method comprising the steps:
  • M 1 is chosen from the group consisting of Sr, La, or Ca, or mixtures thereof, wherein 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and 0.001 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5;
  • aluminate milling the aluminate to a powder having a d 5 o between 0.30 ⁇ to 0.60 ⁇ , preferably between 0.40 to 0.50; mixing the powder with at least one binding material;
  • the aluminate is milled to a powder having a d 5 o of 0.30 ⁇ to 0.60 ⁇ in a ball mill, preferably under addition of a milling medium.
  • a milling medium This has been shown to be advantageous for a wide range of applications within the present invention since the aluminate treated in such a way can be sintered to transparency which enables to provide an optical component not negatively influencing the emission characteristics of a LED in a light emitting device.
  • an alcohol and/or water is added as milling medium. With respect to alcohol being added as milling medium, an alcohol, a mixture of alcohols, and even more 2-propanol is preferred. It should be understood that instead of milling also any other comminuting process can be used in the inventive method which provides a grain size distribution d 5 o of the aluminate in the above mentioned range.
  • the aluminate is milled for a time between 20 h to 60 h, preferably 30 h to 50 h, and more preferred for about 40 h. This has been shown to be advantageous for a wide range of applications within the present invention since the aluminate milled in such a way has a quite homogeneous grain size distribution, which enables a homogenous sintering of the component.
  • the milled powder is dried before being mixed with at least one binding material.
  • the binding material adds mechanical properties to the optical component prior to the sintering step, so that the component is more easily to process.
  • a polymeric component is used as binding material.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol solution is used as binding material. This has been shown to be especially advantageous for a wide range of applications within the present invention since such binding material can be burned out of the optical component by heating the optical component to an appropriate temperature.
  • the binding material may be added to the milled powder as a solution, preferably an aqueous solution.
  • a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol like e.g. Mowiol 18-88 or 4-88, available from Kuraray Europe GmbH, is added as binding material.
  • the binding material may be added to the aluminate powder at a concentration of between 0.1 % by weight to 10 % by weight, preferably between 0.2 % by weight to 5 % by weight.
  • the aluminate after being mixed with the binding material is classified by a sieving step.
  • the aluminate after being mixed with the binding material is pressed through a sieve.
  • the sieve may have a mesh between 150 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , more preferred between 250 ⁇ und 400 ⁇ , and most preferred about 300 ⁇ . This has been shown to be especially advantageous for a wide range of applications within the present invention since the formation of inclusions of the binding material is avoided which makes it easier to sinter the component homogeneously.
  • the classified mixture of the aluminate and the binding material is dried in a drying step.
  • the classified mixture is dried in ambient air at a temperature between 60 °C to 100 °C, preferably about 80 °C.
  • the classified mixture may be dried for between 0.5 h to 2 h, preferably about 1 h.
  • the drying step has shown to be especially advantageous for a wide range of applications within the present invention since it prevents from inclusion of moisture.
  • the aluminate after being mixed with the binding material is pressed to the desired form of an optical component, e.g. disk or pellet.
  • the disk or pellet may have a size between 1 mm to 40 mm, preferably about 20 mm.
  • the classified and dried mixture is firstly pressed uni-axial and secondly pressed isostatical.
  • a pressure between 1 * 10 6 Pa to 6* 10 7 Pa preferably about 3* 10 7 Pa may be applied.
  • isostatical pressing a pressure between 1 * 10 8 Pa to 1 * 10 9 Pa, preferably about 4* 10 s Pa may be applied.
  • the double pressing step provides a uniform structure of a green body of the component which enables a homogenous sintering of the component in the subsequent sintering step.
  • the optical ceramic component is formed by slip casting. This has been shown to be especially advantageous for a wide range of applications within the present invention since also transparent shapes like lenses or the like can be provided a optical ceramic component. This enables to add additional features to the component, like e.g. focusing or scattering the light emission coming from a LED.
  • the aluminate may be milled as described above under addition of the binding material.
  • the aluminate may be provided to the mill as aqueous suspension.
  • the concentration of the aluminate in the aqueous suspension may be between 50 % by weight to 80 % by weight, preferably about 65 % by weight.
  • a surfactant may be added to the mixture of the aluminate suspension and the binding material.
  • a surfactant a solution of block copolymers having pigment affine groups, like e.g. disperbyk 190 available from BYK- Chemie, Germany, may be added.
  • the surfactant may be added in a concentration of between 0.1 % by weight to 20 % by weight, preferably 0.2 % by weight to 5 % by weight.
  • the slip suspension gained after the milling step may be casted in a mould, preferably a porous alumina mould, to form a green body having the shape of the intended optical component. After slip casting, the green body may be dried. Drying may be performed at a temperature of between room temperature and 50 °C.
  • the binding material is burned out of the green body.
  • the green body may be heated to a temperature of between 400 °C and 1200 °C. The heating may be applied under ambient air.
  • the green body may be heated stepwise. “Stepwise" should be understood as that the green body is heated to a first temperature which is hold for an appropriate time, than heated to a second temperature which may be higher as the first temperature and hold at this second temperature for an appropriate time.
  • the green body is heated at least three steps to a temperature of about 1000 °C to burn out the binding material. At each temperature step, the green body may be hold for about 1 h.
  • the optical component after the burn out of the binding material the optical component is sintered to transparency.
  • the optical ceramic component may be sintered to transparency at a temperature between > 1500 °C to ⁇ 1900 °C, preferably between > 1600 °C to ⁇ 1800 °C, more preferred at a temperature of about 1700 °C.
  • the optical component is sintered to transparency in vacuum. Vacuum should be understood as a pressure of ⁇ 10 "3 mbar.
  • An optical ceramic component and/or a light emitting device according to the present invention may be of use in a broad variety of systems and/or applications, amongst them one or more of the following: Office lighting systems
  • Fig. 1 shows different spectra of reflected daylight on white paper, a YAG phosphor layer and a combination of a YAG phosphor layer and a transparent optical ceramic component according to the invention. Intensity distributions are composed of directly reflected daylight and stimulated emission from absorbed wavelength of the daylight.
  • Fig. 2 shows CIE 1976 color coordinates of the white paper, the YAG phosphor and the YAG phosphor / transparent optical ceramic component of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a picture of slip casted green bodies of an optical ceramic component according to the invention before sintering
  • Fig. 4 shows a picture of lens shaped optical ceramic components after sintering to transparency.
  • a transparent optical ceramic component was prepared using an aluminate of composition Ba 0 .9Euo.iMgAli 0 Oi7 (BAM) as a ceramic precursor.
  • BAM aluminate of composition Ba 0 .9Euo.iMgAli 0 Oi7
  • 50 g of the BAM was ball milled for 40 h in a 0.5 L HDPE bottle filled for 2/3 with aluminum oxide beads (0 2 mm, commercially available as SSA-999W from Masuda Corporation) with 2-propanol as a milling medium.
  • the grain size distribution of the milled powder d 5 o was about 0.45 ⁇ .
  • the suspension was dried after milling by means of a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure.
  • 10 g of the milled powder was mixed with 0.6 g of a polyvinyl alcohol solution (PVA) (5 % by weight Mowiol 18-88 in demineralized water) and 0.2 g of 1,2-propanediol by means of a mortar and pestle until a homogenous mixture was obtained.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol solution
  • the mixture was granulated by pressing through a sieve of 300 ⁇ .
  • the granules were dried for 1 h at 80 °C in ambient air.
  • Pellets of 1 g were firstly uni-axial pressed using a mould with 0 20 mm and a pressure of 3* 10 7 Pa. Secondly, the pellets were pressed isostatical at a pressure of 4* 10 s Pa.
  • the binding material (PVA) was burned out in ambient air for 3 h at 450 °C, than 1 h at 700 °C and last 1 h at 1000 °C. Subsequently, the pressed components were placed in an alumina oxide rack and sintered to transparency for 6 h at 1700 °C at a pressure of 10 "6 mbar.
  • a transparent optical ceramic component was prepared using a BAM of the formula Ba 0 .9Euo.iMgAli 0 Oii precursor.
  • a suspension was prepared through milling of the BAM in water (65 % by weight of solid) with aluminum oxide beads (0 2 mm, commercially available as SSA-999W from Masuda Corporation) for 40 h with disperbyk 190

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention est relative à de nouveaux composants optiques de céramique pour des dispositifs d'émission de lumière, en particulier des DEL converties par phosphore (pcDEL), ainsi qu'à un procédé de production de composants de ce type. Les composants optiques de céramique selon l'invention sont transparents tout en présentant également des caractéristiques de décalage des ondes lumineuses.
PCT/IB2011/050491 2010-02-08 2011-02-04 Agencement de réglage de couleur WO2011095948A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000012649A1 (fr) * 1998-08-27 2000-03-09 Superior Micropowders Llc Poudres de phosphore, procedes de fabrication de poudres de phosphore et dispositifs incorporant ceux-ci
JP2000230173A (ja) * 1999-02-10 2000-08-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd プラズマディスプレイ用蛍光体の製造方法、プラズマディスプレイパネルの製造方法およびプラズマディスプレイパネル
JP2003147352A (ja) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-21 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd アルミン酸塩蛍光体
WO2008012225A1 (fr) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Ciba Holding Inc. Composition binaire à base de pigments fluorescents et son utilisation pour empêcher la falsification et la contrefaçon
WO2008044171A2 (fr) 2006-10-11 2008-04-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Luminaire à base de del et dispositif d'éclairage

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000012649A1 (fr) * 1998-08-27 2000-03-09 Superior Micropowders Llc Poudres de phosphore, procedes de fabrication de poudres de phosphore et dispositifs incorporant ceux-ci
JP2000230173A (ja) * 1999-02-10 2000-08-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd プラズマディスプレイ用蛍光体の製造方法、プラズマディスプレイパネルの製造方法およびプラズマディスプレイパネル
JP2003147352A (ja) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-21 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd アルミン酸塩蛍光体
WO2008012225A1 (fr) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Ciba Holding Inc. Composition binaire à base de pigments fluorescents et son utilisation pour empêcher la falsification et la contrefaçon
WO2008044171A2 (fr) 2006-10-11 2008-04-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Luminaire à base de del et dispositif d'éclairage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZYCH E ET AL: "Spectroscopic properties of sintered BaMgAl10O17:Eu<2+> (BAM) translucent pellets - Comparison to the commercial powder", JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 380, no. 1-2, 20 October 2004 (2004-10-20), pages 113 - 117, XP004583261, ISSN: 0925-8388, DOI: DOI:10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2004.03.036 *

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