WO2011079549A1 - 表面贴装型过电流保护元件 - Google Patents

表面贴装型过电流保护元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011079549A1
WO2011079549A1 PCT/CN2010/070957 CN2010070957W WO2011079549A1 WO 2011079549 A1 WO2011079549 A1 WO 2011079549A1 CN 2010070957 W CN2010070957 W CN 2010070957W WO 2011079549 A1 WO2011079549 A1 WO 2011079549A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
metal
metal electrode
ptc
hole
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PCT/CN2010/070957
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘正平
刘玉堂
王军
杨金华
高道华
程真
李全涛
孙天举
Original Assignee
上海长园维安电子线路保护股份有限公司
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Application filed by 上海长园维安电子线路保护股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海长园维安电子线路保护股份有限公司
Priority to EP10840339.5A priority Critical patent/EP2521140B1/en
Priority to US13/519,990 priority patent/US8576043B2/en
Priority to JP2012546314A priority patent/JP5472953B2/ja
Publication of WO2011079549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011079549A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C1/00Details
    • H01C1/14Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1406Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C17/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/28Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082Resistor making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surface mount type overcurrent protection element, and more particularly to a surface mount type overcurrent protection element having a low resistance, a small size, and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • a conductive polymer composed of a polymer and a conductive filler material dispersed in a polymer, and a surface mount type overcurrent protection element technology having positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristics manufactured by the conductive polymer are well known.
  • the PTC conductive polymer is composed of one or more crystalline polymers and a conductive filler material, and the conductive filler material is uniformly dispersed in the polymer.
  • the conductive filler material may be one of a polyethylene, an ethylene copolymer, a fluoropolymer or a mixture of several thereof; the conductive filler may be carbon black, metal particles or inorganic ceramic powder.
  • the PTC characteristics of such a conductive polymer (the resistance value increases with an increase in temperature) are considered to be caused by the breakage of the conductive path formed by the conductive particles due to the expansion of the crystalline polymer upon melting.
  • carbon black is most commonly used as a conductive filler material, but conductive polymers made of carbon black as a conductive filler material are difficult to obtain a low room temperature resistivity, particularly the polymer.
  • the miniaturization of the device for example, 1210 size, ie, the area of the component is 0.12" X 0. 10", converted to a metric unit of 3. 1 ⁇ 2 im X 2. 75mm
  • low room temperature resistance typically zero power resistance of 5 milliohms, post-weld resistance less than 15 milliohms).
  • metal particles such as nickel powder
  • overcurrent protection components made of such conductive polymers can meet the requirements of miniaturization and low room temperature resistance.
  • new problems will arise: Generally, metal powders are more susceptible to oxidation, especially in high temperature environments, the oxidation reaction will accelerate, the resistance of the components will continue to rise, and eventually the components will fail.
  • the present invention discloses a surface mount type overcurrent protection element of small size, low resistance and environmental stability. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a surface mount type overcurrent protection element having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic, which has the characteristics of small size, low room temperature resistance, high current carrying current, and excellent weather resistance.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing the above surface mount type overcurrent protection element.
  • a surface mount type overcurrent protection component comprising two single-layer PTC composite chips, the chip being composed of a first PTC core material and a first PTC core material
  • the first metal foil layer and the second metal foil layer of the surface are formed, and the other chip is composed of a second PTC core material and a third metal foil layer and a fourth metal foil layer attached to both surfaces of the second PTC core material, a metal foil layer, a second metal foil layer, a third metal foil layer and a fourth metal foil layer are all single-sided roughened copper foil, and the roughened side is attached to the first PTC core material or the second PTC core material , among them,
  • an etching pattern (etching circle) is respectively formed on the upper and lower relative positions of the first metal foil layer and the fourth metal foil layer to expose the inner first PTC core material and the second PTC core Material, forming a composite chiplet;
  • a double layer PTC composite chip is surrounded by an isolation layer to form a coated chip
  • first metal electrode and the third metal electrode Separating and bonding the first metal electrode and the third metal electrode on the upper sides from the first metal foil layer in the first insulating layer, the first metal electrode and the third metal electrode are spaced apart in the middle to expose the inner side An insulating layer; Separating and bonding the second metal electrode and the fourth metal electrode on the upper two sides from the fourth metal foil layer in the second insulating layer, and the second metal electrode and the fourth metal electrode are spaced apart in the middle to expose the inner side Two insulation layers;
  • the surface of the first metal electrode, the third metal electrode, the second metal electrode, and the fourth metal electrode is plated with a copper plating layer;
  • a through hole is formed in the etched pattern, the inner through hole is concentric with the etched pattern, and the aperture is smaller than the area of the etched pattern;
  • End through holes are respectively provided at both ends;
  • a blind hole is respectively provided from the upper and lower surfaces to expose the first PTC core material and the second PTC core material on the inner side;
  • a third metal conductor is disposed on the inner surface of the end through hole to electrically connect the third metal electrode and the fourth metal electrode;
  • a second metal conductor is disposed on the inner surface of the inner through hole, electrically connecting the first metal electrode, the second metal foil layer, the third metal foil layer and the second metal electrode;
  • the fourth metal conductor is disposed on the inner surface of the blind hole, electrically connecting the third metal electrode and the first metal foil layer; the fifth metal conductor is disposed on the inner surface of the other blind hole, and electrically electrically connecting the fourth metal electrode and the fourth metal foil layer Connection
  • the fourth insulating layer electrically isolates the first metal electrode from the third metal electrode, and fills the opening at one end of the inner through hole and the opening of the blind hole;
  • the fifth insulating layer electrically isolates the second metal electrode from the fourth metal electrode, and fills the opening of the other end of the inner through hole and the opening of the blind hole to form an overcurrent protection component.
  • the first metal electrode, the third metal electrode, the second metal electrode, and the first A tin plating layer is formed on both the surface of the four metal electrode and the inner surface of the end through hole.
  • the overcurrent protection element has a room temperature resistance of less than 5 milliohms.
  • the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer are composite materials of an epoxy resin and a glass fiber.
  • the isolation layer is an epoxy layer.
  • the method for manufacturing the surface mount type overcurrent protection element described above includes the following steps: First step: mixing a crystalline high molecular polymer and a metal conductive powder polymer into a PTC core material, in the PTC core material The upper and lower surfaces are coated with a metal foil layer to form a single layer PTC composite chip having a thickness of 0.35 ⁇ ⁇ 0.05.
  • the second step providing a third insulating layer between two single-layer PTC composite chips and pressing them to obtain a double-layer PTC composite chip for radiation crosslinking;
  • the third step forming an etched pattern on the upper and lower relative positions of the first metal foil layer and the fourth metal foil layer, and cutting into small composite chips according to size;
  • the fourth step taking the same thickness as the composite chiplet, and forming a hole corresponding to the shape of the composite chip on the isolation layer, and embedding the composite chip into the hole of the isolation layer to form a coated chip;
  • Step 5 bonding the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer respectively on the upper and lower surfaces of the coated chip, and then respectively compositing the metal electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer;
  • Step 6 Drilling, including drilling two end through holes at both ends, and drilling an inner through hole through the etching pattern, the inner through hole has a smaller aperture than the area of the etched pattern, and is located at the inner through hole
  • the other side of the symmetry drills a blind hole from the upper and lower surfaces to expose the inner first PTC core material and the second PTC core material
  • the seventh step copper plating, including forming a copper plating layer on the surface of the metal electrode, Forming a second metal conductor, a first metal conductor and a third metal conductor on the inner surface of the inner through hole and the end through hole, respectively forming a fourth metal conductor and a fifth metal conductor on the inner surfaces of the two blind holes;
  • the eighth step etching, etching the copper plating layer on the upper and lower surfaces to form a copper plating layer on the left and the right portions, and etching the metal electrode to form the first metal electrode and the third metal electrode in the left and right portions, and the second Metal
  • the electrode and the fourth metal electrode expose the inner first insulating layer and the second insulating layer
  • ninth step printing a layer of solder resist ink on the upper and lower surfaces, and forming a fourth insulating layer and a fifth insulating layer after curing
  • the fourth insulating layer separates the first metal electrode and the third metal electrode, and fills the opening of one end of the inner through hole and the opening of the blind hole, and the fifth insulating layer isolates the second metal electrode from the fourth metal electrode, and The opening at the other end of the through hole and the opening of the blind hole are filled;
  • Step 10 Tin plating is formed on the inner surfaces of the first metal electrode, the third metal electrode, the second metal electrode, the fourth metal electrode surface and the end through hole to form a tin plating layer, thereby forming an overcurrent protection element.
  • the first PTC core material and the second PTC core material are manufactured by multi-component mixing, and comprise at least one crystalline high molecular polymer and at least one metal conductive powder.
  • the crystalline high molecular polymer is one or more of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ethylene copolymer, and polyvinylidene fluoride;
  • the metal conductive powder It is one or more of nickel powder, cobalt powder, copper powder, and silver powder.
  • the isolation layer is a whole piece, and a plurality of holes for embedding the composite chiplets are distributed thereon, and a frame is formed between the holes, and an end through hole is formed on the frame, and along the edge The center line of the frame is cut and divided into a plurality of overcurrent protection components.
  • the surface mount type overcurrent protection element of the present invention can be applied to surface mount type components of different sizes, but since it uses metal powder as the conductive particles of the PTC material, and the double parallel PTC material is electrically connected in parallel, it can be made.
  • 1 mm 2 can carry a current greater than 0.5 A, mainly used for some small-sized surface mount components (1210, 1206, 0805, etc.), to meet the smartphone
  • the battery has high load carrying current and small size requirements for surface mount overcurrent protection components.
  • the PTC material layer of the surface mount type overcurrent protection element of the present invention surrounds the isolation layer, the external oxygen and moisture are isolated, and the resistance does not increase significantly with the increase of temperature and time. , has excellent weather resistance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a single-layer PTC composite chip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a double-layer PTC composite chip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a composite chiplet of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a composite chiplet embedded in a whole isolation layer according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a coated chip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the bonded insulating layer and the composite metal electrode of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the through hole and blind hole of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the copper plating layer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention after etching on a copper plating layer and a metal electrode.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the printed insulating layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overcurrent protection device of the present invention.
  • a method of manufacturing a surface mount overcurrent protection component includes the following steps:
  • the first step 100 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene (BHB5012, Phillips oil), 500 parts by weight of nickel powder (CNP525, INC0), 30 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide and 0.5 parts by weight of processing aid at 190 °
  • the first PTC core material 12 and the second PTC core material 16 having a thickness of 0.3 mm and 0. 3 mm ⁇ 0. 05 mm are pulled up and down on the first PTC core material 12 in the mixer of C.
  • the first metal foil layer 11 and the second metal foil layer 13 are surface-coated, and the third metal foil layer 15 and the fourth metal foil layer 17 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the second PTC core material 16 at 180 ° C.
  • the single-layer PTC composite chip 10, 10' having a thickness of 0.35 mm ⁇ 0. 05 mm is obtained as shown in Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-layer PTC composite chip according to the present invention
  • the second step the third insulating layer 14 which is electrically isolated and bonded between the two single-layer PTC composite chips 10, 10' is pressed on a 150 ° C press and subjected to electron beam irradiation.
  • Cross-linking to obtain a double-layer PTC composite chip 20 is a schematic structural view of a double-layer PTC composite chip according to the present invention.
  • the third step etching the oppositely-etched etching circles 18, 19 at the upper and lower relative positions of the first metal foil layer 11 and the fourth metal foil layer 17, respectively, by punching or slitting into a single 1.8 mm X 2.65 mm single
  • the composite chiplet 30 having the etched circles 18 and 19 is provided on the front and back sides.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the composite chiplet of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of FIG.
  • the fourth step forming a plurality of square holes 22 corresponding to the shape and size of the composite chiplets 30 on a whole isolation layer 21 having the same thickness as the composite chiplets 30, forming a frame between the square holes 22, and forming a composite chiplet 30 is embedded in the square hole 22 of the isolation layer 21 to form a cladding chip 40.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the composite chiplet embedded in a whole isolation layer according to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the coated chip of the present invention. Show
  • the fifth step bonding the first insulating layer 23 and the second insulating layer 24 for electrically isolating and bonding respectively on the upper and lower surfaces of the cladding chip 40, and then the first insulating layer 23 and the second insulating layer 24
  • the upper and lower surfaces respectively are composite metal electrodes 25 and 26, as shown in FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the bonding insulating layer and the composite metal electrode of the present invention
  • Step 6 On the isolation layer 21, two end through holes 31, 32 are drilled at both ends, and a through inner through hole 29 is drilled at the etching circles 18, 19, and the inner through hole 29 has a smaller aperture than the etched circle 18, 19, and a blind hole 27, 28 is drilled from the upper and lower surfaces on the other side symmetrical with the inner through hole 29, exposing the inner first PTC core 12 and the second PTC core 16,
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the through hole and the blind hole of the present invention.
  • the seventh step performing electroless copper plating and electroplating copper, comprising forming copper plating layers 33, 34 on the surfaces of the metal electrodes 25, 26, and forming second metal conductors on the inner surfaces of the inner through holes 29 and the end through holes 31, 32, respectively.
  • the first metal conductor 38 and the third metal conductor 39 respectively form a fourth metal conductor 35 and a fifth metal conductor 36 on the inner surfaces of the two blind holes 27, 28, as shown in FIG.
  • the schematic structure of the section is shown;
  • the eighth step etching, the copper plating layers 33, 34 of the upper and lower surfaces are etched from the middle to form the left and right copper plating layers 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, and the metal electrodes 25, 26 are further etched from the middle. Open The first metal electrode 25a and the third metal electrode 25b, the second metal electrode 26a, and the fourth metal electrode 26b are formed to expose the inner first insulating layer 23 and the second insulating layer 24, as shown in FIG. A schematic cross-sectional structure of the invention after etching on a copper plating layer and a metal electrode;
  • the ninth step printing a layer of solder resist ink on the upper and lower surfaces, and forming a fourth insulating layer 41 and a fifth insulating layer 42 after curing, the fourth insulating layer 41 isolating the first metal electrode 25a and the third metal electrode 25b, The hole of the inner through hole 29 and the hole of the blind hole 27 are filled, the fifth insulating layer 51 isolates the second metal electrode 26a and the fourth metal electrode 26b, and the other end of the inner through hole 29 is blind and blind.
  • the aperture of the hole 28 is filled, as shown in FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the printed insulating layer of the present invention.
  • Tenth step tin plating is performed on the inner surfaces of the first metal electrode 25a, the third metal electrode 25b, the second metal electrode 25b, the fourth metal electrode 26b, and the inner surfaces of the end through holes 31, 32 to form tin plating layers 43, 44
  • the cutting is performed along the center line of the isolation layer 21, and is divided into a plurality of overcurrent protection elements 50, as shown in the cross-sectional structural diagram of the overcurrent protection element of the present invention.

Description

表面贴装型过电流保护元件 技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面贴装型过电流保护元件, 具体地说, 本发明涉及一种 低电阻、 小尺寸, 具有正温度系数 (PTC)特性的表面贴装型过电流保护元件。 背景技术
聚合物和分散在聚合物中的导电填充材料组成的导电性聚合物以及由此导 电性聚合物制造的具有正温度系数 (PTC)特性的表面贴装型过电流保护元件技术 已是大家所熟知的。 通常, PTC导电性聚合物是由一种或一种以上的结晶聚合物 及一导电填充材料组成, 该导电填充材料均匀分散于该聚合物中。导电填充材料 可以为聚乙烯、 乙烯类共聚物、氟聚合物中的一种或其中几种的混合物; 导电填 充材料可以为碳黑、金属颗粒或无机陶瓷粉末。此类导电性聚合物的 PTC特性(电 阻值随温度上升而增加)被认为是由于熔融时结晶聚合物的膨胀导致导电粒子所 形成的导电通道断开造成的。
在现有已公开的技术中, 最普遍的是将碳黑作为导电填充材料, 但是将碳 黑作为导电填充材料制造的导电性聚合物难以得到很低的室温电阻率,特别是将 该聚合物用来制造电池(组) 的过电流保护元件时, 将不能满足器件小型化(例 如, 1210 尺寸, 即元件的面积为 0. 12 " X 0. 10 ",转换成公制单位是 3. ½im X 2. 75mm) ,低室温电阻 (起始零功率电阻典型值为 5毫欧, 焊后电阻小于 15毫欧) 的要求。 虽然将金属颗粒(如镍粉)作为导电填充材料可以制得较低室温电阻率 的导电性聚合物, 用此类导电性聚合物制造的过电流保护元件可以满足小型化、 低室温电阻的要求, 但是又会出现新的问题: 一般金属粉都较易氧化, 特别是在 高温的环境下, 氧化反应会加速, 元件的电阻持续升高, 最终导致元件失效。 为此, 本发明公开一种小尺寸, 低电阻并具有环境稳定性的表面贴装型过 电流保护元件。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有正温度系数特性的表面贴装 型过电流保护元件, 该元件不仅具有尺寸小、 室温电阻低、 高承载电流的特点, 并且具有优良的耐侯性能。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供上述表面贴装型过电流保护元件 的制造方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案是: 一种表面贴装型过电流保 护元件, 包括两个单层 PTC复合芯片, 芯片由第一 PTC芯材和贴覆于第一 PTC 芯材两表面的第一金属箔层、第二金属箔层构成, 另一芯片由第二 PTC芯材和贴 覆于第二 PTC芯材两表面的第三金属箔层、 第四金属箔层构成, 第一金属箔层、 第二金属箔层、第三金属箔层及第四金属箔层均为单面粗化的铜箔, 粗化的一面 与第一 PTC芯材或第二 PTC芯材相贴, 其中,
在所述的两个单层 PTC复合芯片之间由第三绝缘层将第二金属箔层与第三 金属箔层电气隔离并粘结, 构成双层 PTC复合芯片;
在双层 PTC复合芯片中部偏侧位置, 在第一金属箔层和第四金属箔层上下 相对位置上分别形成一个蚀刻图形(蚀刻圆)以露出内侧的第一 PTC芯材和第二 PTC芯材, 构成复合小芯片;
在双层 PTC复合芯片的四周环绕设有隔离层, 构成包覆芯片;
在包覆芯片的上下表面的分别设有第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层;
在第一绝缘层将上方两侧的第一金属电极和第三金属电极与第一金属箔层 电气隔离并粘结,第一金属电极和第三金属电极在中部留有间距以露出内侧的第 一绝缘层; 在第二绝缘层将上方两侧的第二金属电极和第四金属电极与第四金属箔层 电气隔离并粘结,第二金属电极和第四金属电极在中部留有间距以露出内侧的第 二绝缘层;
在第一金属电极、第三金属电极、第二金属电极、第四金属电极表面均镀有 镀铜层;
在蚀刻图形处设有贯穿的内通孔, 该内通孔与蚀刻图形同心, 且孔径小于蚀 刻图形的面积;
在两端分别设有端头通孔;
在与内通孔位置对称的另一侧, 从上、下表面分别设有一个盲孔, 以露出内 侧的第一 PTC芯材和第二 PTC芯材;
在内通孔、 端部通孔及两个盲孔内表面均形成有金属导体, 其中, 第一金属导体设在端部通孔内表面,将第一金属电极和第二金属电极电气连 接;
第三金属导体设在端部通孔内表面,将第三金属电极和第四金属电极电气连 接;
第二金属导体设在内通孔内表面, 将第一金属电极、第二金属箔层、第三金 属箔层和第二金属电极电气连接;
第四金属导体设在盲孔内表面, 将第三金属电极和第一金属箔层电气连接; 第五金属导体设在另一盲孔内表面,将第四金属电极和第四金属箔层电气连 接;
第四绝缘层将第一金属电极与第三金属电极电气隔离,并将内通孔一端的孔 口及盲孔的孔口填塞;
第五绝缘层将第二金属电极与第四金属电极电气隔离,并将内通孔另一端的 孔口及盲孔的孔口填塞, 共同构成过电流保护元件。
在上述方案的基础上, 在第一金属电极、 第三金属电极、 第二金属电极、 第 四金属电极的表面及端部通孔的内表面均形成镀锡层。
在上述方案的基础上, 所述过电流保护元件的室温电阻小于 5毫欧。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的第一绝缘层、第二绝缘层及第三绝缘层为环氧 树脂与玻璃纤维的复合材料。
在上述方案的基础上, 所述的隔离层为环氧树脂层。
针对上述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件的制造方法, 包括下述步骤: 第一步: 将包括结晶性高分子聚合物和金属导电粉末高分子混合制成 PTC 芯材, 在 PTC芯材的上、 下表面贴覆金属箔层, 制成厚度 0. 35隱 ± 0. 05隱的单 层 PTC复合芯片;
第二步: 在两个单层 PTC复合芯片之间设置第三绝缘层并进行压合, 得到双 层 PTC复合芯片, 进行辐照交联;
第三步:在第一金属箔层和第四金属箔层的上下相对位置上分别形成一个蚀 刻图形, 按尺寸切割制成复合小芯片;
第四步: 取与复合小芯片厚度相同的隔离层, 在隔离层上镂空形成与复合小 芯片形状对应的孔, 将复合小芯片嵌入隔离层的孔中, 制成包覆芯片;
第五步: 在包覆芯片的上下表面的分别粘结第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层, 再 在第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的上下表面分别复合金属电极;
第六步: 钻孔, 包括在两端钻出两个端部通孔, 蚀刻图形处钻出贯穿的内 通孔, 该内通孔的孔径小于蚀刻图形的面积, 并在与内通孔位置对称的另一侧从 上、 下表面处分别钻出一个盲孔, 露出内侧的第一 PTC芯材和第二 PTC芯材; 第七步: 镀铜, 包括在金属电极表面形成镀铜层, 在内通孔、 端部通孔的内 表面分别形成第二金属导体、第一金属导体和第三金属导体, 在两个盲孔的内表 面分别形成第四金属导体和第五金属导体;
第八步: 蚀刻, 将上、 下表面的镀铜层蚀刻断开形成左右两部分的镀铜层, 将金属电极蚀刻断开形成左右两部分的第一金属电极和第三金属电极、第二金属 电极和第四金属电极, 露出内侧的第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层; 第九步: 在上、下表面分别印刷一层阻焊油墨, 固化后形成第四绝缘层和第 五绝缘层,第四绝缘层隔离第一金属电极与第三金属电极, 并将内通孔一端的孔 口及盲孔的孔口填塞,第五绝缘层隔离第二金属电极与第四金属电极, 并将内通 孔另一端的孔口及盲孔的孔口填塞;
第十步: 在第一金属电极、 第三金属电极、 第二金属电极、 第四金属电极表 面及端部通孔的内表面镀锡形成镀锡层, 构成过电流保护元件。
在上述方案的基础上,第一 PTC芯材及第二 PTC芯材由多组分混合制造而成, 包含至少一种结晶性高分子聚合物和至少一种金属导电粉末。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的结晶性高分子聚合物为高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙 烯、 乙烯类共聚物、 聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种; 所述的金属导电粉末为镍粉、 钴粉、 铜粉、 银粉中的一种或多种。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的隔离层为一整片, 其上分布有多数个供复合小 芯片嵌入的孔, 在孔之间形成框架, 在该框架上开设端部通孔, 并沿框架的中线 进行切割, 分割成多数个过电流保护元件。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的表面贴装型过电流保护元件可适用于不同尺寸的表面贴装型元 件,但由于其采用金属粉末作为 PTC材料的导电粒子, 并且采用双层 PTC材料电 气并联叠层设计, 可以做到小于 0. 1 Ω * cm 的体积电阻率, 1mm2可以承载大于 0. 5A 的电流, 主要应用于一些较小尺寸的表面贴装型元件(1210、 1206、 0805 等规格), 满足智能手机电池对表面贴装型过电流保护元件高承载电流、 小型化 尺寸的要求。
因为本发明的表面贴装型过电流保护元件的 PTC 材料层四周环绕了隔离 层, 隔绝了外界的氧气和湿气, 其电阻随着温度的升高和时间的延长不会发生明 显的升高, 具有优良的耐候性。 附图说明
图 1为本发明单层 PTC复合芯片的结构示意图。
图 2为本发明双层 PTC复合芯片的结构示意图。
图 3为本发明复合小芯片的结构示意图。
图 4为图 3的剖面结构示意图。
图 5为本发明复合小芯片嵌入一整片隔离层的结构示意图。
图 6为本发明包覆芯片的剖面结构示意图。
图 7为本发明粘结绝缘层及复合金属电极后的剖面结构示意图。 图 8为本发明钻通孔及盲孔后的剖面结构示意图。
图 9为本发明镀铜层后的剖面结构示意图。
图 10为本发明在镀铜层和金属电极上蚀刻后的剖面结构示意图。 图 11为本发明印刷绝缘层后的剖面结构示意图。
图 12为本发明过电流保护元件的剖面结构示意图。
附图中标号说明
10, 10' —单层 PTC复合芯片
20 一双层 PTC 复合芯片
30—复合小芯片
40—包覆芯片
50—过电流保护元件
11 第一金属箔层 12—第一 PTC 材料层 13 第二金属箔层
14一第三绝缘层
15 第三金属箔层 16—第二 PTC 材料层 17 第四金属箔层 18、 19 蚀刻圆
21 隔离层 22—方孔 23—第一绝缘层 24—第二绝缘层
25、 26—金属电极
25a—第一金属电极 25b 第三金属电极
26a—第二金属电极 26b 第四金属电极
27、 28—盲孔
29 内通孔 31、 32—端部通孔
33、 34—镀铜层
33a、 33b—镀铜层 34a, 34b—镀铜层
35—第四金属导体 36 第五金属导体
37—第二金属导体 38 第一金属导体 39 第三金属导体
41一第四绝缘层 42—第五绝缘层
43、 44 镀锡层 具体实施方式
表面贴装型过电流保护元件的制造方法, 包括下述步骤:
第一步: 将 100重量份高密度聚乙烯 (BHB5012, 菲利浦石油), 500重量份 镍粉(CNP525, INC0), 30重量份氢氧化镁和 0. 5重量份加工助剂在 190°C 的密 炼机中混炼均匀, 在开炼机上拉出 0. 3mm± 0. 05mm厚度的第一 PTC芯材 12和第 二 PTC芯材 16, 在第一 PTC芯材 12的上、 下表面贴覆第一金属箔层 11、第二金 属箔层 13, 在第二 PTC芯材 16的上、 下表面贴覆第三金属箔层 15、第四金属箔 层 17, 在 180°C的压机上进行压合, 得到厚度为 0. 35mm± 0. 05mm的单层 PTC复 合芯片 10, 10', 如图 1为本发明单层 PTC复合芯片的结构示意图所示;
第二步: 在两个单层 PTC复合芯片 10、 10' 之间设置起电气隔离和粘结作 用的第三绝缘层 14在 150°C的压机上进行压合, 并进行电子束辐照交联, 得到 双层 PTC复合芯片 20, 如图 2为本发明双层 PTC复合芯片的结构示意图所示; 第三步:在第一金属箔层 11和第四金属箔层 17的上下相对位置上分别蚀刻 出正反对称的蚀刻圆 18、 19, 通过冲切或划切成一个个 1.8mmX 2.65mm单个正 反面有蚀刻圆 18、 19的复合小芯片 30, 如图 3为本发明复合小芯片的结构示意 图和图 4为图 3的剖面结构示意图所示;
第四步:在一整片与复合小芯片 30厚度相同的隔离层 21上镂空形成多数个 与复合小芯片 30形状大小对应的方孔 22, 在方孔 22之间形成框架, 将复合小 芯片 30嵌入隔离层 21的方孔 22中, 制成包覆芯片 40, 如图 5为本发明复合小 芯片嵌入一整片隔离层的结构示意图和图 6 为本发明包覆芯片的剖面结构示意 图所示;
第五步:在包覆芯片 40的上下表面的分别粘结起电气隔离和粘结作用的第 一绝缘层 23和第二绝缘层 24, 再在第一绝缘层 23和第二绝缘层 24的上下表面 分别复合金属电极 25、 26, 如图 7为本发明粘结绝缘层及复合金属电极后的剖 面结构示意图所示;
第六步: 在隔离层 21上, 两端钻出两个端部通孔 31、 32, 在蚀刻圆 18、 19处钻出贯穿的内通孔 29, 该内通孔 29的孔径小于蚀刻圆 18、 19的面积, 并 在与内通孔 29位置对称的另一侧从上、 下表面处分别钻出一个盲孔 27、 28, 露 出内侧的第一 PTC芯材 12和第二 PTC芯材 16, 如图 8为本发明钻通孔及盲孔后 的剖面结构示意图所示;
第七步: 进行化学镀铜和电镀铜, 包括在金属电极 25、 26表面形成镀铜层 33、 34, 在内通孔 29、 端部通孔 31、 32的内表面分别形成第二金属导体 37、 第 一金属导体 38和第三金属导体 39, 在两个盲孔 27、 28的内表面分别形成第四 金属导体 35和第五金属导体 36, 如图 9为本发明镀铜层后的剖面结构示意图所 示;
第八步: 蚀刻, 将上、 下表面的镀铜层 33、 34从中部蚀刻断开形成左右两 部分的镀铜层 33a、 33b、 34a, 34b, 进一步将金属电极 25、 26从中部蚀刻断开 形成左右两部分的第一金属电极 25a和第三金属电极 25b、第二金属电极 26a和 第四金属电极 26b, 以露出内侧的第一绝缘层 23和第二绝缘层 24, 如图 10为本 发明在镀铜层和金属电极上蚀刻后的剖面结构示意图;
第九步: 在上、 下表面分别印刷一层阻焊油墨, 固化后形成第四绝缘层 41 和第五绝缘层 42, 第四绝缘层 41隔离第一金属电极 25a与第三金属电极 25b, 并将内通孔 29—端的孔口及盲孔 27的孔口填塞,第五绝缘层 51隔离第二金属电 极 26a与第四金属电极 26b,并将内通孔 29另一端的孔口及盲孔 28的孔口填塞, 如图 11为本发明印刷绝缘层后的剖面结构示意图所示;
第十步: 在第一金属电极 25a、 第三金属电极 25b、 第二金属电极 25b、 第 四金属电极 26b的表面及端部通孔 31、 32的内表面镀锡形成镀锡层 43、 44, 沿 隔离层 21的中线进行切割, 分割成多数个过电流保护元件 50, 如图 12本发明 过电流保护元件的剖面结构示意图所示。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种表面贴装型过电流保护元件, 包括两个单层 PTC复合芯片(10)、 (10' ), 芯片 (10) 由第一 PTC芯材(12)和贴覆于第一 PTC芯材(12)两表面的第一金 属箔层(11 )、第二金属箔层(13)构成, 另一芯片(10' ) 由第二 PTC芯材(16) 和贴覆于第二 PTC芯材(16)两表面的第三金属箔层(15)、 第四金属箔层(17) 构成, 其特征在于:
在所述的两个单层 PTC复合芯片 (10)、 (10' )之间由第三绝缘层 (14)将 第二金属箔层(13)与第三金属箔层(15) 电气隔离并粘结, 构成双层 PTC复合 芯片 ( 20);
在双层 PTC复合芯片 (20) 的中部偏侧位置, 在第一金属箔层 (11 ) 和第 四金属箔层(17)上下相对位置上分别形成一个蚀刻图形(18)、 ( 19) 以露出内 侧的第一 PTC芯材 (12) 和第二 PTC芯材 (16), 构成复合小芯片 (30);
在双层 PTC复合芯片(20)的四周环绕设有隔离层(21 ),构成包覆芯片(40); 在包覆芯片(40)的上下表面分别设有第一绝缘层(23)和第二绝缘层(24); 在第一绝缘层(23)将上方两侧的第一金属电极(25a)和第三金属电极(25b) 与第一金属箔层 (11 ) 电气隔离并粘结, 第一金属电极 (25a) 和第三金属电极 ( 25b) 在中部留有间距以露出内侧的第一绝缘层 (23);
在第二绝缘层(24)将下方两侧的第二金属电极(26a)和第四金属电极(26b) 与第四金属箔层 (17 ) 电气隔离并粘结, 第二金属电极 (26a) 和第四金属电极 ( 26b) 在中部留有间距以露出内侧的第二绝缘层 (24);
在第一金属电极(25a)、 第三金属电极(25b)、 第二金属电极(26a)、 第四 金属电极 (26b) 表面均镀有镀铜层 (33a)、 ( 33b), ( 34a), ( 34b);
在蚀刻图形 (18)、 ( 19) 处设有贯穿的内通孔 (29), 该内通孔 (29) 与蚀 刻图形 (18)、 (19) 同心, 且孔径小于蚀刻图形 (18)、 (19) 的面积; 在两端分别设有端头通孔 (31)、 (32);
在与内通孔(29)位置对称的另一侧,从上、下表面分别设有一个盲孔(27)、 (28), 以露出内侧的第一 PTC芯材 (12) 和第二 PTC芯材 (16);
在内通孔 (29)、 端部通孔 (31)、 (32) 及两个盲孔 (27)、 (28) 内表面均 形成有金属导体, 其中,
第一金属导体 (38) 设在端部通孔 (31) 内表面, 将第一金属电极 (25a) 和第二金属电极 (26a) 电气连接;
第三金属导体 (39) 设在端部通孔 (32) 内表面, 将第三金属电极 (25b) 和第四金属电极 (26b) 电气连接;
第二金属导体(37) 设在内通孔 (29) 内表面, 将第一金属电极 (25a)、 第 二金属箔层 (13)、 第三金属箔层 (15) 和第二金属电极 (26a) 电气连接; 第四金属导体 (35) 设在盲孔 (27) 内表面, 将第三金属电极 (25b) 和第 一金属箔层 (11) 电气连接;
第五金属导体 (36) 设在另一盲孔 (28) 内表面, 将第四金属电极 (26b) 和第四金属箔层 (17) 电气连接;
第四绝缘层(41)将第一金属电极(25a)与第三金属电极(25b) 电气隔离, 并将内通孔 (29) 一端的孔口及盲孔 (27) 的孔口填塞;
第五绝缘层(42)将第二金属电极(26a)与第四金属电极(26b) 电气隔离, 并将内通孔(29)另一端的孔口及盲孔(28) 的孔口填塞, 共同构成过电流保护 元件 (50)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件, 其特征在于: 在第一金 属电极(25a)、第三金属电极(25b)、第二金属电极(26a)、第四金属电极(26b) 的表面及端部通孔 (31)、 (32) 的内表面均形成镀锡层 (43)、 (44)。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件, 其特征在于: 所述 过电流保护元件的室温电阻小于 5毫欧姆。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件, 其特征在于: 所述的第 一绝缘层 (23)、 第二绝缘层 (24) 及第三绝缘层 (14) 为环氧树脂与玻璃纤维 的复合材料。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件, 其特征在于: 所述的隔 离层 (21) 为环氧树脂层。
6、 针对权利要求 1至 5之一所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件的制造方法, 其 特征在于包括下述步骤:
第一步: 将包括结晶性高分子聚合物和金属导电粉末高分子混合物制成 PTC 芯材, 在 PTC芯材的上、 下表面贴覆金属箔层, 制成厚度 0.35隱 ±0.05隱的单 层 PTC复合芯片 (10)、 (10,);
第二步: 在两个单层 PTC复合芯片 (10)、 (10')之间设置第三绝缘层(14) 并进行压合, 得到双层 PTC复合芯片 (20), 进行辐照交联;
第三步: 在第一金属箔层(11)和第四金属箔层(17) 的上下相对位置上分 别形成一个蚀刻图形 (18)、 (19), 按尺寸切割制成复合小芯片 (30);
第四步: 取与复合小芯片 (30) 厚度相同的隔离层 (21), 在隔离层 (21) 上镂空形成与复合小芯片 (30) 形状对应的孔 (22), 将复合小芯片 (30) 嵌入 隔离层 (21) 的孔 (22) 中, 制成包覆芯片 (40);
第五步: 在包覆芯片 (40) 的上下表面分别粘结第一绝缘层 (23) 和第二 绝缘层 (24), 再在第一绝缘层 (23) 和第二绝缘层 (24) 的上下表面分别复合 金属电极 (25)、 (26);
第六步:钻孔,包括在两端钻出两个端部通孔(31)、(32),蚀刻图形(18)、 (19) 处钻出贯穿的内通孔 (29), 该内通孔 (29) 的孔径小于蚀刻图形 (18)、 (19) 的面积, 并在与内通孔(29)位置对称的另一侧从上、 下表面处分别钻出 一个盲孔 (27)、 (28), 露出内侧的第一 PTC芯材 (12) 和第二 PTC芯材 (16); 第七步: 镀铜, 包括在金属电极(25)、 (26)表面形成镀铜层 (33)、 (34), 在内通孔 (29)、 端部通孔 (31)、 (32) 的内表面分别形成第二金属导体 (37)、 第一金属导体 (38) 和第三金属导体 (39), 在两个盲孔 (27)、 (28) 的内表面 分别形成第四金属导体 (35) 和第五金属导体 (36);
第八步: 蚀刻, 将上、 下表面的镀铜层 (33)、 (34)蚀刻断开形成左右两部 分的镀铜层 (33a) 和 (33b), (34a) 和 (34b), 将金属电极 (25)、 (26) 蚀刻 断开形成左右两部分的第一金属电极 (25a) 和第三金属电极 (25b)、 第二金属 电极 (25b) 和第四金属电极 (26b), 露出内侧的第一绝缘层 (23) 和第二绝缘 层 (24);
第九步:在上、下表面分别印刷一层阻焊油墨, 固化后形成第四绝缘层(41) 和第五绝缘层 (42), 第四绝缘层(41) 隔离第一金属电极(25a)与第三金属电 极 (25b), 并将内通孔 (29) —端的孔口及盲孔 (27) 的孔口填塞,第五绝缘层 (51) 隔离第二金属电极 (26a) 与第四金属电极 (26b), 并将内通孔 (29) 另 一端的孔口及盲孔 (28) 的孔口填塞;
第十步:在第一金属电极(25a)、第三金属电极(25b)、第二金属电极(25b)、 第四金属电极( 26b )表面及端部通孔( 31 )、( 32 )的内表面镀锡形成镀锡层( 43 )、 (44), 构成过电流保护元件 (50)。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件的制造方法, 其特征在于: 第一 PTC芯材(12)及第二 PTC芯材(16) 由多组分混合制造而成, 包含至少一 种结晶性高分子聚合物和至少一种金属导电粉末。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件的制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述的结晶性高分子聚合物为高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、 乙烯类共聚物、聚 偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种; 所述的金属导电粉末为镍粉、 钴粉、 铜粉、 银粉中的 一种或多种。
9、根据权利要求 6所述的表面贴装型过电流保护元件的制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述的隔离层(21)为一整片, 其上分布有多数个供复合小芯片 (30)嵌入的孔 (22), 在孔 (22) 之间形成框架, 在该框架上开设端部通孔, 并沿框架的中线 进行切割, 分割成多数个过电流保护元件 (50)。
PCT/CN2010/070957 2009-12-31 2010-03-10 表面贴装型过电流保护元件 WO2011079549A1 (zh)

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