Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
  • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
  • G01C21/206—Instruments for performing navigational calculations specially adapted for indoor navigation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
  • G01C21/34—Route searching; Route guidance
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
  • G01C21/34—Route searching; Route guidance
  • G01C21/3453—Special cost functions, i.e. other than distance or default speed limit of road segments
  • G01C21/3476—Special cost functions, i.e. other than distance or default speed limit of road segments using point of interest [POI] information, e.g. a route passing visible POIs
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/38—Electronic maps specially adapted for navigation; Updating thereof
  • G01C21/3885—Transmission of map data to client devices; Reception of map data by client devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/02—Terminal devices

Definitions

• FIG. 1 is a view of two paths to a destination according to one or more implementations
• navigation instructions may be presented on a display screen of a mobile device, for example. In some implementations, navigation instructions may be audibly presented to a user via a speaker and/or headphones, for example.
• Navigation instructions to guide a user from a starting location to a destination may include several segments or branches, for example. For example, a navigation instruction to "walk straight for 50 feet" may comprise a first branch and "turn left and walk straight for 60 feet" may comprise a second branch. In an indoor environment, there may be numerous branches along a particular path from a starting location to an end location or destination.
• pedestrian navigation environment may refer to a pedestrian- accessible environment or area.
• pedestrian navigation environments include indoor environments and outdoor environments.
• indoor pedestrian environments include enclosed structures such as office buildings, hotels, shopping malls, convention centers, and sports stadiums, to name just a few among many possible examples.
• outdoor pedestrian environments include amusement parks, zoos, outdoor shopping strips or malls, parks, and areas having pedestrian-accessible walkways, such as sidewalks, to name just a few among many possible examples.
• a path may be associated with a distance cost based at least in part on a physical distance between a starting location and one or more destinations.
• a distance cost for the path may be summed with costs for points of interest and/or segments located along the path.
• a distance cost for a path may be represented with a positive value or number.
• a point of interest may be represented with a value or number that is positive or negative.
• a positive value of a cost for a point of interest may indicate that the point of interest adds to an overall cost for a path.
• a negative value of a cost for a point of interest may indicate that the point of interest adds value and therefore reduces an overall cost for the path. 093426
• a point of interest and a destination include the category "crowded," and a point of interest properties vector has a value of 0.4 and a destination properties vector has a value of 0.6, the product of these values would be 0.24. Similar products may be determined by multiplying values for other common categories. For example, if only one of the properties vectors being multiplied includes a particular category, then the product for such a category is 0. After products across all categories have been computed, the products may be summed to determine a value. In one or more implementations, a relatively large value may indicate a high level or similarity between a point of interest and a destination.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a view of a shopping mall 100 according to one or more implementations.
• Shopping mall 100 may include several stores/places of business 093426
• second path 165 routes a user past several restaurants or food shops, such as cookie shop 125, third restaurant 120, second restaurant 115, and coffee shop 110 on the way to point B 160 located near first restaurant 105.
• second path 165 may be a more desirable path than first path 170 because second path 165 directs a user past numerous points of interest that have some similarities with a destination, which in this case is first restaurant 105.
• restaurant 120 may sell food items and/or beverages that may be consumed and may therefore be of interest to a user.
• a point of interest node may be located off of a corridor.
• a point of interest may be located adjacent to or accessible by a corridor, instead of actually being located within the corridor itself. Accordingly, in order to account for a cost associated with a point of interest node, a cost for the point of interest node may be projected onto or applied to one or more corridor nodes, as discussed below.
• first point of interest 202 may include first point of interest node 218, second point of interest 204 may include second point of interest node 220, third point of interest 206 may include third point of interest node 222, fourth point of interest 208 may include fourth point of interest node 224, fifth point of interest 210 may include fifth point of interest node 226, sixth point of interest 212 may include sixth point of interest node 228, seventh point of interest 214 may include seventh point of interest node 230, and eighth point of interest 216 may include eighth point of interest node 232.
• Electronic map 200 illustrates two corridors - a first corridor 252 and a second corridor 254.
• Several corridor nodes 234 may be dispersed throughout first corridor 252 and second corridor 254.
• Corridor nodes are represented in electronic map 200 with "x" characters.
• a segment may be located between corridor nodes.
• segment 256 is located between corridor nodes 234 and 236.
• Corridor nodes 234 and segments 256 may each be associated with a cost. Such costs may be considered by a navigation system determining a lowest cost path from a starting location to a destination.
• a cost associated with a point of interest node may be projected onto a nearby corridor node.
• fourth point of interest 208 and eighth point of interest 216 border both first corridor 252 and second corridor 254.
• a cost for a point of interest node may be projected onto corridor nodes located in more than one corridor if a point of interest associated with the point of interest node contains multiple entryways or doors.
• fourth point of interest 208 may include a first entryway 260 that provides access to first corridor 252 and a second entryway 262 that provides access to second corridor 254.
• a cost for fourth point of interest node 224 may be projected onto corridor node 246 located within first corridor 252 and corridor node 248 located within second corridor 254.
• a cost for eighth point of interest node 232 may be projected onto corridor node 246 located within first corridor 252 and corridor node 250 located within second corridor 254.
• a lowest cost path may be determined to guide a user from a starting location to a destination. Such a lowest cost path may extend through one or more corridors and across multiple corridor nodes and segments. It should be appreciated that costs associated with points of interest may have an impact on a lowest cost path because such costs are projected onto one or more corridor nodes.
• FIGS. 4A-C illustrate views of a portion of an electronic map in which a cost associated with a point of interest node is projected onto one or more corridor nodes.
• FIG. 4A illustrates a point of interest 305 associated with a point of interest node 310.
• a corridor 315 is located along one side of point of interest 305.
• Corridor nodes 320, 325, 330, 335, and 340 may be located within corridor 315.
• a cost for point of interest node 310 onto one corridor node located along corridor 315 as was performed with respect to FIG. 3 as 093426
• the cost may instead be projected onto multiple corridor nodes based at least in part on proximity between such corridor nodes and point of interest 305.
• FIG. 4B illustrates an ellipse 350 drawn around point of interest 305.
• ellipse 350 may completely surround point of interest 305.
• foci of ellipse 350 may be selected to generate the smallest possible ellipse 350 capable of completely surrounding point of interest 305.
• Ellipse 350 may be increased by a predefined amount or percentage to generate a larger ellipse capable of overlapping with one or more corridor nodes.
• a cost associated with such a point of interest may be projected onto multiple corridor nodes to effectively multiply a cost of a point of interest based at least in part on its dimensions/physical size. If a point of interest is so similar with a destination that it is associated with a negative cost, for example, an ellipse method as discussed above may project a negative cost for point of interest onto multiple corridor nodes to effectively guide a user past such a point of interest along a lowest cost path.
• a cost for a particular point of interest may be based at least in part on a measurement of similarity between the point of interest and a destination, for example.
• Points of interest may be associated with one or more point of interest properties vectors, as discussed above.
• a destination may be associated with a destination properties vector.
• Each properties vector may include one or more categories and associated values for each category to categorize a point of interest or destination.
• a measurement of similarity between a point of interest and a destination may be determined based at least in part on computation of a dot product between a point of interest properties vector and a destination properties vector.
• a properties vector for a point of interest may contain similar weightings for the same categories as a destination properties vector for a similar destination.
• a dot product determined between such a destination properties vector and a point of interest properties vector may be associated with a higher value than would a dot product determined between a destination properties vector and a point of interest properties vector for a point of interest that is unrelated to a destination. Accordingly, a value of a dot product between a destination properties vector and a point of interest properties vector may indicate an estimate of similarity between an associated destination and an associated point of interest. 093426
• Table A shown below illustrates a destination properties vector for a restaurant.
• a properties vector is associated with one or more points of interest.
• a properties vector associated with the destination is referred to as a destination properties vector.
• a properties vector for the point of interest is instead referred to as a point of interest properties vector.
• the same properties vector and associated categories and values may be associated with a particular location regardless of whether that particular location comprises a point of interest or a destination.
• Table A illustrates several categories and associated values for a restaurant.
• categories include “nourishment,” “crowdedness,” “child- friendly,” “noise level,” and “vegan food.”
• a value for "nourishment” is listed at 1.00.
• category “nourishment” may be associated with a high value, which in this case is 1.00.
• “Crowdedness” is listed as having a value of -0.60. If, for example, a restaurant is typically so packed with people that the crowdedness detracts from an overall user experience, a negative value may be associated with a "crowdedness" category.
• a third category in this example is "child-friendly," which is associated with a value of 0.75. If, for example, a restaurant has a children's menu and/or placements that children can color with crayons, a relatively high value may be associated with “child-friendly.” "Noise level” is associated with a value of -0.50. If, for example, a restaurant is very loud, a category for "noise level” may be associated with a negative value. Finally, category “vegan food” may be associated with a value of 0.80. If a restaurant offers several vegetarian entrees, category “vegan food” may be associated with a relatively high value, such as 0.80 in this example. It should be appreciated that although only 093426
• Table B illustrates a point of interest properties vector for a bar that comprises a point of interest. As shown, Table B includes various categories such as “nourishment,” “crowdedness,” “child-friendly,” “noise level,” and “alcohol selection.” “Nourishment” is associated with a value of 0.60 to indicate that a source of
• a bar may offer peanuts, refreshments, and/or simple meals such as hamburgers, although a selection of food is not as large as would be available at a full scale restaurant.
• “Crowdedness” may be associated with a value of -0.80 to indicate that the bar is crowded to the extent that it detracts from an overall user experience.
• “Child-friendly” may be associated with a value of -1.0 to indicate, for example, that children are banned from the establishment.
• "Noise level” may also be associated with a value of -1.0 to indicate, for example, that the bar is very loud to the extent that it greatly detracts from a user experience of a typical person.
• “alcohol selection” may be associated with a value of 1.00, for example, to specify that a wide variety of alcohol is available to the establishment and that such a selection adds to an overall user experience. 093426
• Table C illustrates a point of interest properties vector for a book store that comprises a point of interest.
• Table C includes various categories such as “nourishment,” “crowdedness,” “child-friendly,” “noise level,” and “DVD selection.”
• “Nourishment” is associated with a value of 0.10 to indicate that such a book store offers little nourishment. For example, the book store might sell bottles of soda or candy bars, but no other food.
• “Crowdedness” is associated with a value of 0.30 to indicate, for example, that the bookstore is not very crowded.
• “Child-friendly” may be associated with a value of 0.75 to indicate that the book store offers products or an experience that children may enjoy.
• the book store may sell children's book and/or toys.
• Noise level may, for example, be associated with a value of 0.75 to indicate that the noise level is very low within the bookstore.
• DVD selection may be associated with a value of 0.60 to indicate that a reasonable assortment of Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) are available for sale at such a bookstore.
• a dot product may be calculated 093426
• Table D illustrates values for categories determined by calculating a dot product between a destination represented by Table A and a point of interest represented by Table B. If a dot product is computed, values for categories that are common to both Table A and B are multiplied together and then summed. In this case, the only common categories are "nourishment,” “crowdedness,” “child-friendly,” and “noise level.” Table A contains a category "vegan food” and is not common to Table B, so is not multiplied against any other values from Table B, for example.
• a product of these values is therefore 0.60 (e.g., 1.00 * 0.60).
• Products for "crowdedness,” “child-friendly,” and “noise level” may similarly be calculated as 0.48, -0.75, and 0.50, respectively.
• a sum of such products is 0.83 (e.g., 0.60 + 0.48 + -0.75 + 0.50).
• a value of 0.83 may indicate that a measurement of similarity between a destination and a point of interest represented by Tables A and B, respectively, is relatively high. Accordingly, a relatively low cost may be associated with a point of interest represented by Table B.
• a negative cost may be associated with a point of interest represented by Table B as a result of its relatively high measurement of similarity.
• a lookup table may be referenced to determine a cost associated with a dot product of 0.83. 093426
• a dot product may also be calculated based at least in part on a comparison of Tables A and C to determine whether a point of interest associated with Table C is relatively similar to a destination associated with Table A.
• a destination properties vector associated with the destination may be compared with point of interest properties vectors for various points of interest within a certain range or vicinity of the destination. For example, dot products and associated costs may be calculated based on such a comparison. Use of such properties vectors may provide a uniform process for comparing different points of interest with destinations. Such comparisons may be calculated on-the-fly by a navigation application, for example, to determine costs for such points of interest. If costs for such points of interest are known or otherwise calculated, a lowest cost path may be determined between a starting location and a destination.
• a user may select a group of destinations, as opposed to a single destination. For example, if a user is hungry but does not know the name of a particular fast food place within a mall, user may be directed to an area encompassing multiple fast food places. In one or more
• point of interest properties vectors for two or more different points of interest may be combined to determine a composite point of interest properties vector. If, for example, a food court contains both a hamburger stand and a sandwich shop, a composite point of interest properties may be determined that accounts for
• values of categories for a hamburger stand and a sandwich shop may be averaged together to determine values for categories in a composite point of interest properties vector. For example, if point of interest properties vector for a hamburger stand has a value of "0.85" for "nourishment,” and a sandwich shop has a value of "0.55" for the same category, a value for "nourishment” in a composite point of interest properties vector may be "0.70,” e.g., an average of values "0.85" and "0.55.” In some implementations, on the other hand, values for a particular category may be added together instead of averaged.
• FIG. 5 is a flow diagram 500 of a process for determining a low cost path from a starting location to a destination according to one or more implementations.
• a cost may be determined for one or more points of interest based at least in part on a comparison between a point of interest and a destination.
• a user may provide an intended destination via a user input.
• relative costs for one or more points of interest may be determined.
• a dot product may be utilized to determined respective values of points of interest based on a comparison with a destination.
• Associated costs may be determined based at least in part on such a measurement of similarity between points of interest and a destination.
• Costs for point of interest nodes may be projected onto corridor nodes and may be utilized to determine a lowest cost path from a starting location to a destination at operation 510. For example, a lowest cost path from a starting location to a destination may be determined based at least in part on costs associated with one or more points of interest along the path.
• a lowest cost path may be presented to a user. For example, navigation instructions may be displayed or audibly presented to a user.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a particular implementation of a mobile device 600 according to one implementation.
• Mobile device 600 may include several elements such as processing unit 605, user interface 610, transmitter 615, receiver 620, and memory 625.
• Mobile device 600 may determine a lowest cost path from a starting location to a destination.
• a map may be transmitted from a map server to mobile device 600 via a network, such as the Internet, for example.
• a map may be pre-stored in a memory 625. Names and locations of various points of interest may be associated with a map and stored with associated properties vectors in memory 625.
• a processing unit 605 may compute dot products between a destination properties vector and various point of interest properties vectors and may determine associated costs for such points of interest. In some implementations, such dot products and associated costs for points of interest may be determined remotely at a map server, for example, and may be transmitted to mobile device 600. 26
• Mobile device 600 may comprise a mobile station (MS) in which a radio transmitter may be adapted to modulate an RF carrier signal with baseband information, such as voice or data, onto an RF carrier, and a radio receiver may demodulate a modulated RF carrier to obtain such baseband information.
• MS mobile station
• baseband information such as voice or data
• User interface 610 may comprise a plurality of devices for inputting or outputting user information such as voice or data. Such devices may include, for example, a keyboard, a display screen, a microphone, a speaker, buttons and knobs, just to name a few examples. User interface 610 may present a map to a user.
• Memory 625 may be adapted to store machine -readable instructions, which are executable to perform one or more of processes, examples, or implementations thereof which have been described or suggested.
• Processing unit 605 may be adapted to access and execute such machine-readable instructions. Through execution of these machine -readable instructions, processing unit 605 may direct various elements of mobile device 600 to perform one or more functions.
• Transmitter 615 may utilize an antenna to transmit communications, such as packet-based communications to other wireless devices.
• Receiver 620 may also utilize such an antenna to receive communications, such as packet-based
• a mobile device may estimate its own location by communicating with one or more nearby femtocells in some implementations.
• a femtocell may, for example, utilize a technology such as Universal Mobile
• UTMS Telecommunications System
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• EV-DO Evolution-Data only
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
• CDMA Code division multiple access
• TD-SCDMA Time Division Multiple Access
• a femtocell may also have integrated Wi-Fi, in which case round-trip time ranging may be performed utilizing the femtocell.
• a special purpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computing device is capable of manipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the special purpose computer or similar special purpose electronic computing device.
• a specific computing apparatus may comprise one or more processing units
• a WW AN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network and so on.
• CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
• TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
• FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
• OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
• SC-FDMA Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• WiMAX IEEE 802.16
• a CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as cdma2000, Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), and so on.
• Cdma2000 includes IS-95, IS- 2000, and IS-856 standards.
• a TDMA network may implement Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), or some other RAT.
• GSM and W-CDMA are described in documents from a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).
• Cdma2000 is described in documents from a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).
• 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available.
• a WLAN may be an IEEE 093426
• a WPAN may be a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, or some other type of network.
• the techniques may also be implemented in conjunction with any combination of WW AN, WLAN and/or WPAN.
• a mobile station refers to a device such as a cellular or other wireless communication device, personal communication system (PCS) device, personal navigation device (PND), Personal Information Manager (PIM), Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), laptop, tablet or other suitable device which is capable of receiving wireless communication and/or navigation signals.
• the term "mobile station” is also intended to include devices which communicate with a personal navigation device (PND), such as by short-range wireless, infrared, wireline connection, or other connection - regardless of whether satellite signal reception, assistance data reception, and/or position-related processing occurs at the device or at the PND.
• PND personal navigation device
• mobile station is intended to include all devices, including wireless communication devices, computers, laptops, etc.
• a server which are capable of communication with a server, such as via the Internet, Wi-Fi, or other network, and regardless of whether satellite signal reception, assistance data reception, and/or position-related processing occurs at the device, at a server, or at another device associated with the network. Any operable combination of the above are also considered a "mobile station.”
• the methodologies described herein may be implemented by various means depending upon the application. For example, these methodologies may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof.
• the processing units may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro- 093426
• ASICs application specific integrated circuits
• DSPs digital signal processors
• DSPDs digital signal processing devices
• PLDs programmable logic devices
• FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
• processors controllers, micro- 093426
• controllers microprocessors, electronic devices, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
• the methodologies may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
• Any machine-readable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing the methodologies described herein.
• software codes may be stored in a memory and executed by a processing unit.
• Memory may be implemented within the processing unit or external to the processing unit.
• memory refers to any type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or other memory and is not to be limited to any particular type of memory or number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.
• the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Examples include computer-readable media encoded with a data structure and computer-readable media encoded with a computer program. Computer-readable medium may take the form of an article of manufacture. Computer-readable media include physical computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer.
• such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, semiconductor storage, or other storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer; disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data 093426
• instructions and/or data may be provided as signals on transmission media included in a communication apparatus.
• a communication apparatus may include a transceiver having signals indicative of instructions and data.
• the instructions and data are configured to cause one or more processing units to implement the functions outlined in the claims. That is, the communication apparatus includes transmission media with signals indicative of information to perform disclosed functions.
• transmission media included in the communication apparatus may include a first portion of the information to perform the disclosed functions, while at a second time the transmission media included in the communication apparatus may include a second portion of the information to perform the disclosed functions.
• Instructions relate to expressions which represent one or more logical operations.
• instructions may be "machine-readable” by being interpretable by a machine for executing one or more operations on one or more data objects.
• instructions as referred to herein may relate to encoded commands which are executable by a processing unit having a command set which includes the encoded commands.
• Such an instruction may be encoded in the form of a machine language understood by the processing unit.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Navigation (AREA)
• Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

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