WO2011069234A1 - Traitement synchronisé de données par ressources informatiques en réseau - Google Patents

Traitement synchronisé de données par ressources informatiques en réseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011069234A1
WO2011069234A1 PCT/CA2010/000872 CA2010000872W WO2011069234A1 WO 2011069234 A1 WO2011069234 A1 WO 2011069234A1 CA 2010000872 W CA2010000872 W CA 2010000872W WO 2011069234 A1 WO2011069234 A1 WO 2011069234A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
execution
data processing
data
processor
networked
Prior art date
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PCT/CA2010/000872
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Aisen
Bradley Katsuyama
Robert Park
John Schwall
Richard Steiner
Allen Zhang
Original Assignee
Royal Bank Of Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority to JP2012542320A priority Critical patent/JP5785556B2/ja
Priority to KR1020127017789A priority patent/KR101667697B1/ko
Priority to CN201080063476.XA priority patent/CN102859938B/zh
Priority to BR112012013891-0A priority patent/BR112012013891B1/pt
Priority to AU2010330629A priority patent/AU2010330629B2/en
Priority to MX2012006659A priority patent/MX337624B/es
Application filed by Royal Bank Of Canada filed Critical Royal Bank Of Canada
Priority to EP10835319.4A priority patent/EP2510451B1/fr
Priority to SG2012042636A priority patent/SG181616A1/en
Priority to ES10835319T priority patent/ES2754099T3/es
Publication of WO2011069234A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069234A1/fr
Priority to ZA2012/05093A priority patent/ZA201205093B/en
Priority to AU2016200212A priority patent/AU2016200212B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
    • G06F15/163—Interprocessor communication
    • G06F15/173—Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star, snowflake
    • G06F15/17306—Intercommunication techniques
    • G06F15/17325—Synchronisation; Hardware support therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/52—Program synchronisation; Mutual exclusion, e.g. by means of semaphores
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H04L43/0864—Round trip delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/28—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
    • H04L47/283—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/62—Establishing a time schedule for servicing the requests
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H04L43/0858—One way delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to systems, methods, and machine-interpretable programming or other instruction products for the management of data processing by multiple networked computing resources.
  • the disclosure relates to the synchronization of related requests for processing of data using distributed network resources.
  • the invention provides systems, methods, and computer-executable instruction mechanisms (e.g., non-transient machine- readable programming structures) such as software-coded instruction sets and data, for the management of data processing by multiple networked computing resources.
  • the invention provides systems, methods, and coded instruction sets useful in controlling the synchronization of related requests for processing of data using distributed network resources.
  • the invention provides systems, methods, and programming or other machine-interpretable instructions for causing synchronized processing of data by multiple networked computing resources, such systems, for example, comprising at least one processor configured to execute machine-interpretable instructions and causing the system to: receive from one or more data sources signals representing instructions for execution of at least one data process executable by a plurality of networked computing resources; divide the at least one data process into a plurality of data processing segments, each data processing segment to be routed to a different one of a plurality of networked execution processors; based at least partly on latencies in execution of prior data processing requests routed by the system to each of the plurality of networked execution processors, determine a plurality of timing parameters, each of the plurality of timing parameters to be associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of data processing segments, the plurality of timing parameters determined to cause synchronized execution of the plurality of data processing segments by the plurality of networked execution processors; and using the
  • the networked execution processors can, for example, comprise exchange servers, and the data processing segments represent requests for trades in financial interests such as commodities and/or intangible interests such as stocks, bonds, and/or various forms of options.
  • the plurality of determined timing parameters can be used in determining and implementing timing sequences in order to implement desired sequential execution of data processing requests in accordance with the invention, and can for example represent and/or be based wholly or partially upon latencies in execution of data processing requests due many factors.
  • such parameters can be wholly or partially based on dynamically-monitored latency(ies) in execution of signal processing requests previously routed by the system to at least one of the plurality of networked execution processors.
  • latencies may be caused by many factors, including, for example, various types of communication and data processing delays.
  • Such timing parameters may further based on statistical, e.g., probability, models of observed latency data, and patterns therein.
  • Such systems, methods, and programming or other machine- interpretable instructions may further be configured such that they cause a system to: associate with each of at least one of the plurality of data processing segments data representing at least one quantity term, the at least one quantity term representing at least one quantity of a financial interest to be traded in accordance with a request represented each of the at least one data processing segments, and at least one corresponding price term associated with each such quantity term, the quantity term representing at least one proposed price at which a trade represented by the at least one data processing segment is to be executed; the at least one quantity term larger than at least one quantity of the financial interest publicly offered at a price equivalent to the corresponding associated price term, in a market associated with the networked execution processor(s) to which the at least one data processing segment is to be routed.
  • Such quantity terms can, for example, be determined based at least partly on trading histories associated with the market(s) associated with the networked execution processor(s) to which the data processing segments are to be routed. They can be determined on data relating to displayed or undisplayed offerings and/or trades, including for example historical undisplayed oversize or reserve quantities.
  • the invention provides systems, methods, and programming or other machine-interpretable instructions for causing synchronized processing of data by multiple networked computing resources, such systems, for example, comprising at least one processor configured to execute machine-interpretable instructions and causing the system to: monitor execution of signal processing execution requests by each of the plurality of networked computing resources; determine at least one timing parameter associated with a latency in execution of signal processes between the system and each of the plurality of networked computing resources; and store the at least one timing parameter in machine-readable memory accessible by the at least one processor.
  • Monitoring of execution of signal processing execution requests can be implemented on continual, periodic, and/or other suitable or desirable bases.
  • the networked computing resources can include one or more exchange servers.
  • the data sources can include one or more broker or trader systems or servers
  • the controlled signal processes can represent trades in financial interests
  • the execution of signal processing execution requests represents the execution of transactions in financial interests, including for example stocks, bonds, options and contract interests, currencies and/or other intangible interests, and/or commodities.
  • requests for execution of data processing procedures can be based wholly or partially on parameters including, for example, any one or more of current market data quotations, order routing rules, order characteristics, displayed liquidity of each networked computing resource, and a probable delay, or latency, in execution of an order quantity at each networked computing resource.
  • the invention provides systems for controlling or otherwise managing requests for processing of data by distributed computer resources, such systems including one or more processors configured to execute instructions for causing the system to: monitor execution of signal processing execution requests by each of the plurality of networked computing resources; determine at least one timing parameter associated with the latency in execution of signal processes between the system and each of the plurality of networked computing resources; and store the at least one timing parameter for each of the plurality of networked computing resources.
  • Timing parameters used in implementing synchronized processing requests can be monitored and/or determined on continuous, continual, periodic, or other bases, depending upon the needs, objectives, and other factors of the applications in which they are to be applied.
  • a further advantage offered by the invention is reduction or elimination of the need for consideration of one-way communications latencies, e.g., the need to minimize latencies in communications between routing and execution processors.
  • FIGS. 1A, IB, and 3 show examples of systems suitable for causing processing of data by multiple networked computing resources in accordance with various aspects of the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show flowcharts illustrating examples of methods for causing processing of data by multiple networked computing resources in accordance with various aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example histogram that may be used in an example method for managing processing of data by multiple networked computing resources in accordance with various aspects of the invention.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show a comparison of fill ratios using an example method and system for processing of data by multiple networked computing resources versus using a conventional method and system.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the use of an example metric for comparing an example method and system for processing of data by multiple networked computing resources versus results of using a prior art method and system.
  • 'synchronized' means according to any desired timing sequence, whether regular, irregular, and/or wholly or partially simultaneous.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a system 100 suitable for causing processing of data by multiple networked computing resources in accordance with the invention.
  • system 100 includes one or more signal or data sources 102 (comprising one or more each of sourcesl02a, 102b), execution router processor(s) 104, and one or more networked computing resources, or execution processors, 106.
  • data sources 102 may include one or more internal data sources 102a, which may communicate with the router 104 directly (e.g., through private local- or wide area network(s) or other secure wireless or wireline communication, through direct communication channel(s) or through communication(s) within a single server).
  • data source(s) 102 may also include one or more external data sources 102b, which may for example communicate with router processor(s) 104 via one or more public networks 108 (e.g., a public or private telecommunications network such as the internet), using suitable or otherwise desired network security devices, which may for example include data encryption, etc.
  • router processor(s) 104 communicate with each of the one or more networked execution, or computing, resources 106 via a network 110, which may be the same as or different than network(s) 108.
  • data source(s) 102 may include devices that provide, on behalf of one or more entities that generate trading and/or other data processing requests, signals that communicate data and/or instructions related to execution of data processing processes to router processor(s) 104, which data and/or instructions the router processor(s) 104 may process (e.g., aggregate by summing, averaging, etc.; and/or divide into segments, etc.) and use as bases for requests for processing of data by the networked computing resources 106.
  • router processor(s) 104 may process (e.g., aggregate by summing, averaging, etc.; and/or divide into segments, etc.) and use as bases for requests for processing of data by the networked computing resources 106.
  • Data sources 102a, 102b may include, for example, systems, servers, processors and/or any other suitable source(s) of requests for execution of data processing tasks such as offers and/or bids for purchase of commodities, intangible financial interests, etc., and/or other data processing tasks, such as word, image, and/or other communications or document processing tasks.
  • data processing tasks such as offers and/or bids for purchase of commodities, intangible financial interests, etc.
  • data processing tasks such as word, image, and/or other communications or document processing tasks.
  • Each or any of data source(s) 102, processor(s) 104, and resources 106 may include multiple such systems, servers or processors.
  • Networked computing resources 106 may include any devices or other resources that communicate with router processor(s) 104 to receive and carry out any of a very wide variety of data processing requests.
  • Such networked computing resources 106 may include systems, servers, processors or any other suitable devices adapted for execution of any processes suitable for use in implementing the invention, including, for example, processing of offers or bids for purchase of commodities, financial interests, etc., and/or other data processing tasks, such as word or document processing, image, and/or other communications or documentation tasks.
  • the one or more data sources 102 transmit or otherwise provide to or for the router processor(s) 104 signals representing instructions, or requests, for executing data processing functions.
  • Instructions from any given data source(s) 102 may include instructions for signal processes to be executed by any one or more networked computing resources 106.
  • Requested signal processes may include, for example, computing operations, data manipulations, and/or communications processes or other signal exchanges, among others.
  • such instructions may specifically identify networked computing resource(s) 106 particularly targeted for execution of such processes.
  • Router processor(s) 104 may parse instruction signals received from one or more source(s) 102 and use such signals to prepare instructions, or requests, to be forwarded to pluralities of execution processors 106, for execution of data processing and/or other signal processes in accordance with the received instructions. Parsing of such instructions may include, for example, identifying the type of process(es) to be requested, including for example the volume or quantity of an order or bid for a trade or an amount of document processing to be done, and the type, nature, and/or identity(ies) of networked computing resource(s) 106 to be requested to execute, and thereby associated with, a given data processing and/or other signal processing request.
  • router processor(s) 104 may parse, sort, and aggregate instructions or requests received from multiple sources 102 for relatively smaller execution requests into one or more larger requests for processing, and further divide such aggregated request(s) into pluralities of smaller requests to be distributed to plurality(ies) of execution processors 106, depending, for example, on the current ability of the execution processors 106 to satisfy or complete such processed requests.
  • multiple instruction signal sets received from different data sources 102a, 102b may be associated with (e.g., addressed for delivery to and execution by) individual networked computing resource(s) 106, and such instructions may be aggregated into single signal process execution requests for such networked computing resource(s) 106.
  • identification of the networked computing resource(s) 106 to be tasked with a given signal processing request may be performed after the aggregating.
  • multiple instructions from different data sources 102a, 102b may be sorted or otherwise associated with a single signal or data process, and such instructions may be aggregated, and the aggregated instructions may be associated with one or more identified networked computing resource(s) 106, such that one or more signal process requests may be accordingly prepared for the identified networked computing resource(s) 106.
  • Such parsing, sorting, and/or identification may be performed according to predetermined rules or algorithms (e.g., based on continuing or current processing capabilities of one or more specific networked computing resource(s) 106), and according to requirements encoded in the instructions or otherwise provided by the originating source(s) 102, where relevant.
  • single instruction sets for processing of data may be broken down by processor(s) 104 and distributed to a plurality of resources 106 for distributed execution.
  • processor(s) 104 For example, a relatively large order for trading in one or more financial interests originating from a single source 102a, 102b, might need to be distributed to multiple exchange servers 106 in order to be completely filled; in such cases request(s) from one or more source(s) 102 may be broken down by processor(s) 104 into suitable orders for execution by a plurality of such resources 106.
  • Targeted, or specifically identified, networked computing resources / execution processors 106 communicate with the router processor(s) 104 to receive the segmented signal process execution requests and may thereafter execute them accordingly. Execution of such signal processes may include, for example, carrying out a text- or image-processing operation, a mathematical computation, or a communications signal exchange, among others.
  • system 100 may combined, or may be implemented in the form of separate systems or devices. In a wide variety of configurations, such combined or separate (sub)systems may be operated by the same or distinct entities.
  • request source(s) 102 may be integrated with, or otherwise associated with, individual router(s) 104.
  • a financial system 1000 adapted for processing of requests for processing of data representing trades and/or offers for trades, or other transactions, in tangible and/or intangible financial interests such as stocks, bonds, currencies (e.g., foreign exchange), various forms of natural resources or commodities, options, loans, etc.
  • signal or data source(s) 102 may include trader system(s) 1102, which may, for example, include trader/broker systems or servers as well as any other sources of bids, offers, or other transactions in financial interests such as currently provided by known financial trading platforms.
  • trader systems 1102 may be referred to as order origination systems.
  • Order origination systems 1102, 102a may include systems operated by or on behalf of, for example, entities owned or otherwise controlled by parent or other controlling organizations such as banks or brokerage houses.
  • Order origination systems 1102, 102b may, for example, include systems operated by or on behalf of brokers or other trading entities acting on behalf of, for example, individual investors, trading through or with the assistance of independently-controlled banks, institutional investors, and/or other brokerage houses.
  • Router processor(s) 104 in such embodiments may include, for example, server(s) or other system(s) 1104 that communicate with trader systems 1102, 102, for example through the receipt and transmission of encoded electronic signals representing requests for processing of data representing execution and/or acknowledgement of transactions in financial interests; and which communicate with broker, exchange, or other market systems or execution processor(s) 1106 for execution of such transactions.
  • a processor 104 may be referred to as a Smart Order Router or Tactical Hybrid Order Router (in either case, "SOR") 1104, 104.
  • An SOR 1104 may, for example, include one or more gateway(s) 1122 and/or router(s) 1124 for facilitating communications by router(s) 1104 with one or more trader systems 1102, 102 directly (e.g., through wired communication, using one or more dedicated communication channel(s), or through communication within a single server) and/or indirectly (e.g., through wireless communication, through a network 108, 1108 or through an intermediate server).
  • Exchange or market systems 1106, or other execution processor(s) 106 may be in communication with SOR(s) 1104 through, for example, a network 110, 1110, such as the internet or other public network, which may be the same as the network 1108.
  • requested and executed signal processes provided by source(s) 102 may represent trades or other transactions in financial interests.
  • Such transactions may include, for example, trades and/or offers for trades, or other transactions, in financial interests such as stocks, bonds, currencies (e.g., foreign exchange), various forms of natural resources or commodities, options, loans, etc.; and networked computing resources 106 may be, for example, exchange servers 1106, examples of which may include automatic or electronic market systems.
  • an SOR (sub)system, or processor, 1104 receiving such transaction request signal sets can apply a wide variety of processes to the request(s). For example, where the signal sets represent requests for transactions in financial interests, requested transactions can be aggregated, either over time and/or across multiple transaction request sources 1102; and/or processing requests for transactions in one or more interests can be divided for routing to multiple execution handlers or processors 1106, individually or in batches.
  • order source(s) 102, 1102 can be implemented together with, or as part of, order router(s) 104, 1104. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the relevant arts that any or all of the various components of system(s) 100, 1000, including for example any or all of processor(s) 102, 104, 106, and methods of operating them in accordance with the disclosure herein, may be implemented using any devices, software, and/or firmware configured for the purposes disclosed herein. A wide variety of components, both hardware and software, as well as firmware, are now known that are suitable, when used singly and/or in various combinations, for implementing such systems, devices, and methods; doubtless others will hereafter be developed.
  • Examples of components suitable for use in implementing examples of systems 100, 1000, and the various processes disclosed herein, including for example processes 200 of Figure 2 and 300 of Figure 4, include, for example server-class systems such as the IBM x3850 M2TM, the HP ProLiant DL380 G5TM HP ProLiant DL585TM, and HP ProLiant DL585 GlTM.
  • server-class systems such as the IBM x3850 M2TM, the HP ProLiant DL380 G5TM HP ProLiant DL585TM, and HP ProLiant DL585 GlTM.
  • processors including in some embodiments desktop, laptop, or palm model systems will serve.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a method 200 for processing of a transaction request signal set generated by a transaction request signal source 102, 1102, suitable for implementation by an router processor(s) 104 such as, for example, an SOR 1104 of a system 1000, is shown in Figure 2.
  • Process 200 of Figure 2 can be considered to start at 202, with receipt by processor(s) 104, 1104 of signals representing a request for processing of data such as, for example, a transaction in one or more financial interests.
  • signals representing a request for processing of data such as, for example, a transaction in one or more financial interests.
  • SOR routing processor(s) 1104 adapted to process signals representing requests for execution of trades and/or other transactions in financial interests received from transaction signal source(s) 1102
  • signal sets representing requests for execution of transactions in one or more financial interests can include signals or signal sets representing, for example, one or more identifiers representing :
  • the source(s) of the request such as a URL or other network address or identifier used by or otherwise associated with a trading system 102, 1102;
  • the interest(s) to be traded or otherwise transacted such as an identifier used by one or more exchanges to identify a stock, a CUSIP number for a bond, a set of currencies to be exchanged, etc.;
  • a type of transaction e.g., buy, sell, bid, offer, etc.
  • quantities i.e., amounts or volumes
  • the interest(s) to be transacted including for example any total and/or reserve quantities
  • Further parameters can include, for example, current and/or historical:
  • such signal sets can comprise content and/or identifiers representing images, text, or other content or to be processed by one or more execution processors 104, 1104, and specific execution requests.
  • ATSs alternative trading systems
  • 'dark' exchanges or 'dark pools'.
  • 'dark pools' Typically, such exchanges do not openly display market offerings to members of the trading public.
  • reserve quantities can be especially useful in such embodiments.
  • a data record to be provided by a source 102, 1102 to request a transaction in a given interest can include:
  • Signal sets received by processors 104, 1104 at 202 can be stored in any volatile and/or persistent memory(ies), as appropriate, for archival and/or further processing purposes.
  • transaction or other data processing execution requests received at 202 can be parsed by router processor(s) 104, 1104 to place them in any suitable or desired form for use in preparing one or more instruction signal sets to be provided to execution processor(s) 106, 1106.
  • Parsing of instruction signals may include, for example, identifying the type of transaction(s) or process(es) to be requested, including for example volumes and/or quantities of orders or bids for trades in specified interest(s), and whether such volumes are to be bought or sold, or offered for sale or purchase; amounts and/or types of document processing to be done; and the type and nature of networked computing resource(s) or execution processor(s) 106 to be requested to execute and thereby be associated with such execution or processing instructions.
  • parsed instruction sets can be stored in temporary or volatile memory(ies) 118, 1018 accessible by the corresponding processor(s) 104, 1104 for aggregation with other processing requests, division for routing to multiple execution processors / resources 106, 1106, and/or preparation and forwarding of batch or other delayed-execution requests.
  • Instructions received at 202 may be accumulated during defined time intervals, regular or irregular, such as the duration of a business day or any segment thereof, or any other desired time period(s), which may be preset and/or dynamically determined by processor(s) 104, 1104. Instructions may be also be processed individually, as received. If more instructions are to be received prior to processing, or may potentially be received, process 200 can return to 202.
  • Transaction requests / instructions may be accumulated during defined time intervals, such as the duration of a business day or any segment thereof, or a desired time period, which may be preset and/or dynamically determined by processor(s) 104, 1104. If more instructions to be received, or may potentially be received, process 200 can return to 202.
  • processor(s) 104, 1104 can repeat process 202 - 204 until all needed or desired related or aggregatable processing request signal sets have been received from source(s) 102, 1102.
  • processor(s) 104, 1104 can repeat process 202 - 204 until all needed or desired related or aggregatable processing request signal sets have been received from source(s) 102, 1102.
  • arbitrary numbers of data records representing orders or requests for purchase of bonds identifiable by CUSIP (Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures) numbers can be received from data source(s) 102, 1102, and stored in memory 118, 1018 associated with the processor(s) 104, 1104, for batch processing, thus:
  • processor(s) 104, 1104 can, as a part of parsing or otherwise processing instructions at 204, sort and/or group the stored records according to any one or more desired criteria, e.g., by type of transaction request and interest identifier, thus:
  • various data fields in the transaction request records can be reordered or otherwise reformatted as needed or desired, to suit the processing needs of the routing processor(s) 104, 1104. For example, as shown, the association of a "source" data item associated with or otherwise accorded a different priority, to facilitate efficient ordering while permitting the processor(s) 104, 1104 to report fulfillment of transactions / requests on completion of order processing.
  • Process 204 can further include aggregation by processor(s) 104, 1104 of received and sorted transaction requests, into collected or consolidated order(s) for specific types of transactions in specific interest(s), e.g., by summing total or subtotal quantities associated with corresponding transaction requests, thus:
  • processor(s) 104, 1104 can prepare execution- request signal sets for transmission to resources / execution processors 106, 1106.
  • execution-request signal sets can comprise any necessary or desirable signals for causing requested processing, including content or data and command signals.
  • requests may be sorted and/or aggregated on the basis of interest(s) to be traded, quantities of interest(s) to be traded, price, etc., and associated with suitable execution command signals.
  • any execution command signals associated with a given request can depend, as those skilled in the relevant arts will recognize, on the nature and type of requests to be executed and the processors 106, 1106 by which they are to be executed, as well any networks 110, 1110 over which signals exchanged between processor(s) 104, 1104 and 106, 1106 are to be sent, including applicable protocols and instruction formatting requirements.
  • any or all of systems 106, 1106, 104, 1104, and 110, 1110, protocols used thereby, and/or information related to interests traded, offered, or described thereby may be accessed and used by processor(s) 104, 1104 in parsing and preparing instructions for execution of processing by any of processors or resources 106, 1106.
  • Sources 1126 of such data may include, for example, exchange market data system 1126v ( Figure lb) which, for example, in embodiments of the invention adapted for processing of financial transactions, can include information received from various exchange systems 1106, news information sources such as Bloomberg or Reuters, and/or other sources.
  • Such parts, or segments can, for example, correspond to portions of larger orders or other data processing requests, to be executed by a plurality of networked resources 106 such as exchange servers or other execution processor or handlers 1106.
  • a plurality of exchange servers or other markets are available for execution of a transaction request representing a purchase order for a significant amount of a financial interest such as a stock or bond, it may be necessary or desirable to split the order into multiple parts, for execution in multiple markets and/or by multiple exchange servers 1106.
  • sufficient quantities of specific interests may not be available, at all or at desirable prices, on a single exchange: in order to fill an order entirely, it may be necessary or desirable to break a single order into smaller segments and route it to multiple exchanges.
  • the router 104, 1104 can, in preparing signal set(s) representing requests for the transactions, access information available from sources such as market data source(s) 1126, as well as any one or more execution processor(s) 106, 1106, to determine the quantities of such interests available through the respective processors 106, 1106 and the terms under which such quantities are available, and can construct an execution request signal set configured for routing to each of the respective desired processors 1106, 1106, based on the number of quantities available at the most favorable terms.
  • execution of individual portions of a distributed transaction or other multi-part data processing request such as a transaction in financial interests placed in multiple exchanges by a plurality of network resources, such as market or exchanger servers 1106 or other execution processors 106, typically requires different amounts of time. That is, if multiple parts of a desired transaction execution request are sent simultaneously to a plurality of exchange execution processors 106, 1106, each part or segment of the transaction request may be expected to execute at a different point in time.
  • the amount of time, or 'latency,' required for transmission of execution request signals from the order router(s) 104, 1104 to the different various resources or execution processor 106, 1106 across a network 110, 1110 or other communications path; for actual processing of corresponding portions of the execution request by the corresponding processors 106, 1106; and/or for return of confirmatory or other data to the order router(s) 104, 1104 typically varies depending upon a number of factors, including for example the network paths between the router(s) 104, 1104 and execution processors 106, 1106; the amount of network traffic being processed by the network(s) 110, 1110; the number of requests being handled by the individual execution processors 106, 1106, etc.
  • an execution request represents a request for execution of multiple parts of a financial transaction in multiple markets or on multiple exchanges
  • non-synchronized, staggered execution of individual portions of the transaction by multiple corresponding servers can affect both the possibility of completing later portions of the transaction and/or the terms under which such later portions may be completed.
  • system 100, 1000 comprises order router 104, 1104 and a plurality of networked execution resources 106, exchange servers or execution processors 1106 "Exchange 1," “Exchange 2,” “Exchange 3.”
  • system 100, 1000 of Figure 3 further comprises a co-located trading server 304 configured to execute trades or other transactions on execution resource 1106 "Exchange 1.”
  • co-located trading server 304 which employs a relatively low-latency trading algorithm, is associated with Exchange 1 in such manner that it can execute transactions with Exchange 1 in a relatively short period of time compared to the amount of time required for other processors, such as router(s) 104, 1104, to complete similar transactions with Exchange 1.
  • co- located server 304 can be communicatively linked with Exchange 1 by direct wireline connection, or other rapid-processing system.
  • Exchange 1 is capable of completing an execution request with non co-located processor(s) 104, 1104 in a relatively shorter period of time (i.e., with a "lower latency") than is either Exchange 2 or Exchange 3.
  • latency Time X ⁇ Time Y and Time X ⁇ Time Z while an execution time for a transaction between co-located server 304 and Exchange 1 is less than any of Time X, Time Y, and Time Z.
  • the order router 104, 1104 may attempt to check availabilities on the various available processors 106, 1106 and split the order accordingly, in order to route a portion of it to each of Exchange 1, Exchange 2, and Exchange 3.
  • trading server 304 (which might, for example, be operated by a high-frequency trading entity, or other speculative investor) will be able fill a portion of that transaction on Exchange 1 by, for example, acting as a counterparty to the proposed transaction by selling or buying all or a portion of the transaction request forwarded to that exchange by the order router 104/ at terms stated in the request for the transaction, and have time in which to change or otherwise post terms for filling remaining portions of the order on Exchange 2 and/or Exchange 3, on terms more favorable to the party making the transaction(s) available (e.g., the party operating or acting through the server 304) than those offering such transactions (e.g., those behind orders provided by request processor(s) 104, 1104) might otherwise have sought.
  • trading server 304 which might, for example, be operated by a high-frequency trading entity, or other speculative investor
  • the co-located trading server 304 may, due to the difference in execution latencies associated with trades with Exchange 1, Exchange 2, and Exchange 3, be able fill a portion of the requested transaction on Exchange 1 and move to improve its terms, by for example raising or lowering its bid/offered price, for filling remaining portions of the transaction on Exchange 2 or Exchange 3 before such remaining portions can execute at previously-stated prices, in order to increase its operators' or beneficiary(ies) own profits, or the profits of other traders offering similar interests on those Exchanges.
  • such possibilities (which can be referred to as 'latency arbitrage' opportunities) can exist when :
  • Time Z - Time X ⁇ Time B such that execution of the request(s) or segments thereof occurs before any change in terms can be implemented by a trading server 304.
  • the use of such synchronized timings can, for example, cause:
  • the invention provides router(s) 104, 1104 the ability to execute transactions across multiple resources 106, 1106 with minimal or no time variance, such that algorithms run by trader(s) 304 employing low-latency algorithms are given insufficient time to react to market changes.
  • processor / router 104, 1104 can determine absolute or relative timings to be assigned to, or otherwise associated with, various portions or segments of an execution request, in order to obtain the desired sequencing.
  • Such timings can be determined in order to cause any desired synchronization : for example, timings configured to cause simultaneous, or substantially simultaneous, execution can be determined, or timings configured to cause any desired sequencing can be determined.
  • a timing parameter can be determined for each signal processing execution request, or portion thereof, to be assigned to each respective networked computing resource 106, 1106.
  • the parameters are determined in such manner as to cause synchronized execution of the signal processing execution requests at each of the respective networked computing resources 106, 1106.
  • This determination can be based at least partly on a corresponding determined latency in the execution time of such request(s) and/or portion(s), such as for example any or all of latencies A, B, X, Y, Z of Figure 3, and/or any other relevant latencies, in the execution of signal exchanges between the router processor(s) 104, 1104 and each of the networked computing resources 106, 1106, or in the processing of other such signals by any of such devices.
  • a corresponding determined latency in the execution time of such request(s) and/or portion(s) such as for example any or all of latencies A, B, X, Y, Z of Figure 3, and/or any other relevant latencies, in the execution of signal exchanges between the router processor(s) 104, 1104 and each of the networked computing resources 106, 1106, or in the processing of other such signals by any of such devices.
  • Information on determined latencies used in determining timing parameters to be associated with the various portions of a multi-part execution request provided by router(s) 104, 1104 to a plurality of execution processors 106, 1106 may include timing information (e.g., transmission delays, signal propagation delays, serialization delays, queuing delays, and/or other processing delays at the router processor(s) 104, 1104, the networked computing resource 106, 1106, and/or network(s) 110, 1110, 108, 1108). Such information may be provided by or received from any source(s), and may be stored in and retrieved from one or more data stores 214.
  • timing information e.g., transmission delays, signal propagation delays, serialization delays, queuing delays, and/or other processing delays at the router processor(s) 104, 1104, the networked computing resource 106, 1106, and/or network(s) 110, 1110, 108, 1108.
  • Such information may be provided by or received from any source(s), and may be stored in and
  • Timing data store(s) 214 may include databases or other data structures residing in memory(ies) 118, 1018 associated with or otherwise accessible by router processor(s) 104, 1104. For example, if execution of a portion of an execution request associated with a first networked computing resource 106, 1106 has a longer determined latency than that associated with a second networked computing resource 106, 1106 (as for example in the case of Exchange 1 vs.
  • timing for requests associated portions of a transaction request to be routed to these two networked computing resources 106, 1106 may be determined such that an execution request, or portion thereof, associated with the first networked computing resource 106 is timed to be sent earlier than the request associated with the second networked computing resource 106, with the aim of having the requests executed at the two networked computing resources 106 substantially concurrently, or within an effective minimum time A or B associated with possible term manipulation by a trading server 304.
  • one or more algorithms may be used in determining timing parameters to be associated with portions of execution requests to be routed to various execution processors 106, 1106, based on information associated with such communication and/or processing delays, or latencies. For example, a rolling average of historical latency data, accumulated over or relevant to any desired devices, time periods, or other timing considerations may be used to predict an expected latency for execution of a data processing request.
  • Timing reference(s) can for example include start of processing by the corresponding targeted resource(s) 106, 1106, and/or receipt by routing processor(s) 104, 1104 of a confirmation signal generated by the resource(s) 106, 1106 on receipt of the request and/or completion of execution of the request.
  • Process step 210 may for example be carried out by a application executed by, or a module of, or otherwise associated with, routing processor(s) 104, 1104 such as a capital management entity or module 1126 in the case of a financial system 1000.
  • Determination of a timing parameter to be associated with each part or segment of a multi-part execution request may, for example, include use of an adaptive exchange round-trip latency (RTL) learning & compensation logic module 1126c, such as that shown in Figure FIG. IB.
  • RTL learning & compensation logic module 1126c may determine the timing for each signal processing request (e.g., a trade request) as follows:
  • a time ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ provided by, for example, a clock associated with the processor(s) 104, 1104 is time-stamped by processor(s) 104, 1104 at a desired defined point within the process of parsing or generating the transaction order(s), or other processing request(s) X, and is associated with a processing request signal set record(s) corresponding to each part or segment n of the m-part request X.
  • T2 X) n for each portion n of the multi-part request X is time-stamped by the processor(s) 104, 1104 when the corresponding n th portion request signal set has been received at the targeted exchange 106, 1106, and a corresponding exchange-generated confirmation message has been received by the requesting routing processor 104, 1104.
  • process steps 2 and 3 may be repeated, and corresponding ⁇ 1 ⁇ / ⁇ and T2 x ,n determined for each transaction segment routed to a given execution processor 106, 1106.
  • timing data store(s) 214 store a rolling record of past timing parameters (e.g., a plurality of determined timing parameters RTLy, n ) associated with one or more execution resources 106 / exchange server 1106, such data may be used to create a rolling histogram, which may be used to predict current or cumulative latency for each resource 106 / exchange server 1106. Because such predictions are based on a continuously-changing ("rolling") record, this process may be referred to as "online learning.” There may be a component (e.g., an exchange latency histogram memory or processing component, not shown) within the adaptive exchange RTL learning & compensation logic module 1126c responsible for this.
  • a component e.g., an exchange latency histogram memory or processing component, not shown
  • An adaptive exchange RTL learning & compensation logic module 1126c may use predicted latencies to determine appropriate timing parameters to be used in transmitting trade (or other data processing) requests to various exchange servers 1106 in order to compensate for differences in execution latencies associated with such exchange servers 1106, in a way that reduces, controls, minimizes or eliminates differences in timing of execution of portions of divided trade requests routed to different exchange servers 1106, and thus, for example, reduces or eliminates opportunities for latency arbitrage by opportunistic traders.
  • Adaptive RTL module(s) 1126c can use a variety of algorithms in determining timing parameters suitable for use in synchronizing execution of multi-part processing requests. For example, such a module may use latency values determined for the various exchanges to determine the extent to which the router(s) 104, 1104 should compensate for different exchange latencies by sending to the various processors 106, 1106 their corresponding portions of a request for processing at, for example, different times. This can minimize delay between completion of execution of each portion by, for example, minimizing the difference in time between receipt of each respective portion by its corresponding execution resource 106, 1106.
  • Adaptive exchange RTL learning & compensation logic module(s) 1126c may additionally collect information about market conditions prevailing in each exchange server 1106 (using, for example, sources of data such as exchange market data source(s) 1126v), wave orders/executions, actual latencies and target latencies (e.g., as predicted above) when trade requests are sent. There may be a component within the adaptive exchange RTL learning & compensation logic module 1126c responsible for this.
  • Timing parameters associated with execution requests to be routed to any one or more of execution processor(s) 106, 1106 can also be provided to the corresponding routing processor(s) 104, 1104 (e.g., to timing data store 214) by, or determined by such processor(s) 104, 1104 using related data supplied by, any one or more market data feed(s) or processor(s) 1126 (including e.g., any one or more of processors or (sub)systems 1126a - 1126g and/or 1126v), and/or by processor(s) 106, 1106 themselves.
  • the various portions of the optionally aggregated and divided signal processing execution request(s) are sent to the respective networked computing resources 106 according to timing parameters or sequence(s) determined or otherwise acquired at 210. Thereafter the request(s), or the various portions thereof, may be executed by the respective execution resources 106, 1106, with subsequent signal communications and processing as needed or desired.
  • signals representing those parameters may be assembled, using known or specialized data processing techniques; formatted according to the Financial Information Exchange (FIX) protocol and/or any other desired protocol(s); and transmitted, written or otherwise communicated to the corresponding execution processor(s) 106, 1106 using known or specialized signal communications techniques, and executed in accordance with requested transaction or other data processes.
  • FIX Financial Information Exchange
  • timing delays, or parameters X', ⁇ ', ⁇ ', one or all of which may be equal to zero or any other suitable time period may be determined according the disclosure above and associated with the order segments generated by processor(s) 1104 for purchase of 77,000 bond lots of CUSIP No. AA bonds at price A, with 25,000 lots (18,000 + 7,000) in reserve at prices D and E, respectively, thus:
  • routing processor(s) 104, 1104 can process the transaction segments by using timing parameters, e.g., delays X', ⁇ ', ⁇ ', to cause the corresponding transaction segments to be transmitted or otherwise provided to the exchanges 106, 1106 Al, B2, C3 for execution according to a desired timing sequence, for simultaneous or otherwise-desired sequential execution.
  • timing parameters e.g., delays X', ⁇ ', ⁇ '
  • routing processor(s) 104, 1104 can receive from corresponding execution processor(s) 106, 1106 data confirming or otherwise indicating such execution, and by accessing data records stored in associated memory(ies), can allocate execution results to the requesting source(s) 102, 1102.
  • method 300 is an iterative method, and each loop of the method 300 is denoted as N.
  • Method 300 is suitable for implementation using, for example, any of various embodiments of systems 100, 1000 and components thereof, including particularly router processor(s) 104, 1104 and data source(s) 1126.
  • each of a plurality of networked computing resources 106, 1106 is monitored, for example by router processor(s) 104, 1104, execution processor(s) 106, 1106, external processor(s) 1126, and/or various components or modules operated by or otherwise associated therewith, for latencies associated with receipt and/or execution of signal processing execution requests.
  • This may be carried out, for example, by a monitoring module (e.g., an exchange RTL measurement module 1126b, such as for the financial system 1000) in the router processor(s) 104, 1104.
  • a monitoring module e.g., an exchange RTL measurement module 1126b, such as for the financial system 1000
  • Such monitoring may comprise, for example, time stamping outgoing requests for processing of data, and comparing times of receipt of confirmation(s) or results from processing to the corresponding time-stamped outgoing request.
  • the difference in time between the outgoing request and the incoming receipt confirmation and/or data processing results can be defined as a data or signal processing latency, and stored in memory accessible by the router processor(s) 104, 1104.
  • timing differences between outgoing requests and incoming receipts, confirmations, and/or results can be monitored on a continual, periodic, and/or other dynamic basis.
  • timing parameter(s) associated with latency(ies) observed in execution of signal processing requests provided to the monitored resources 106, 1106 by the routing processor(s) 104, 1104 is determined.
  • timing parameter(s) may include, for example, latencies due to communication delay, such as transmission delays or other signal propagation delays, and/or processing delays, among others.
  • corresponding timing parameter(s) are determined for each of the plurality of networked computing resources 106, 1106 to which a transaction order or other data processing request, or a portion thereof, is expected to be sent by routing processor(s) 104, 1104.
  • timing parameters may be determined for one-way and/or round-trip communications between the routing processor(s) 1104 operated by or on behalf of a capital management entity and the exchange server 1106; that is, from generation of a multi-part transaction request by capital management entity's routing processor 1104 to the receipt of a response, such as confirmation of receipt of a part of a larger trading order and/or confirmation of execution of all or part of a requested trade, from the execution resource to which the processing request was directed.
  • a response such as confirmation of receipt of a part of a larger trading order and/or confirmation of execution of all or part of a requested trade
  • an RTL measurement may include latencies due any or all of transmission of signals within the capital management entity server 1104, processing of signals within the capital management entity 1104, transmission of signals between the capital management entity 1104 and a network 1110, transmission of signals within the network 1110, transmission of signals between the network 1110 and the targeted exchange server 1106, and processing of signals within the exchange server 1106; for both communications sent from the routing processor(s) 104, 1104 and responses (e.g., acknowledgement of communication, rejection of a trade request, confirmation of a trade request, etc.) sent from the exchange server 106, 1106.
  • the timing parameter(s) may be simply the total time for the round-trip communication, or a statistical or other mathematical function thereof.
  • an exchange RTL measurement module 1126b may determine a timing parameter as follows:
  • a time-stamp value Tl is associated by the processor(s)
  • a new communication Ml (e.g., a trade request) sent to an exchange server 1106.
  • a time-stamp value T2 is associated by the processor(s)
  • This response can be any response such as acknowledgement, rejection, whole or partial fill, etc., and may depend on the nature of the request represented by Ml.
  • RTL may be calculated as an average of the time (T2 - Tl) for a past number Z (e.g., 30) of processing requests routed to each of a plurality of targeted exchange processor(s) 1106.
  • timing parameter(s) associated with each networked computing resource 106 may be stored in timing data store(s) 214.
  • a timing data store 214 in some examples, may be a database or other data structure residing in a memory associated with or otherwise accessible by the router processor(s) 104.
  • Timing parameter(s) stored in timing data store(s) 214 may be employed in processes such as those described above in connection with process block 210 of Figure 2.
  • Timing parameter(s) determined by processor(s) 104, 1104 may for example represent rolling histogram(s) representing latencies associated with individual execution processors 106, 1106 and/or other components of system(s) 100, 1000.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a histogram illustrating stored data representing processing latency time values associated communications and/or other processing associated with an execution processor 106, 1106 in a system 100, 1000.
  • round-trip latency times (in ms) are stored for the most recent 30 transaction requests or other communications with a given execution server 106.
  • the number of stored timing parameter(s) used in determining RTLs or other timing parameters may be greater or fewer, and may vary according to conditions such as the time of day, the season, etc.
  • the results of calculations based on the stored latencies, and other related data may also be stored in timing data store(s) 214.
  • a rolling average or a rolling mode of the past 30 (or other suitable number) latency times associated with communications and/or other processing with or by each execution server 106 may also be calculated and stored in timing data store(s) 214.
  • Timing parameters determined at 210 can be used by routing processor(s) 104, 1104 to synchronize execution of processing requests originated by source(s) 102, 1102 and directed to processor(s) 106, 1106 by, for example, associating with such requests, or portions of them to be forwarded for execution by each of multiple processor(s) 106, 1106, data items useable by the processor(s) 104, 1104 to cause communication of the requests to the corresponding processor(s) 106, 1106 at desired absolute or relative times, to achieve desired synchronization of the arrival of the requests at the corresponding execution processor(s) 106, 1106.
  • the processor(s) 104, 1104 can cause the request(s) or request portion(s) to be communicated at a desired time of day, or in any desired relative order or sequence without regard to the actual time of day, but rather with respect to each other or some third index.
  • N is incremented by one, or other suitable value, or control is otherwise returned to 302 so that the process 302 - 308 continues.
  • process 302 - 310 continues until a maximum desired number of iterations has been completed, or until all requests for transactions or other processing by orders have been processed (e.g., routed to execution processors 106, 1106), or until other suitable criteria has been met.
  • the present disclosure also provides various metrics (e.g., trading benchmarks, in the case of a financial system 1000) which may be determined by, and through the use of data generated from, any or all of the various components of a system 100, 1000.
  • metrics e.g., trading benchmarks, in the case of a financial system 1000
  • FIG. 6 shows comparisons of results of transmission of multi-part trade execution requests to pluralities of networked computing resources, or execution processors 106, 1106 according to an example of the disclosed method and system, to results of conventionally-transmitted multi-part trade requests.
  • FIG. 6a shows results of execution of a multi-part transaction request using the disclosed methods and systems to obtain synchronized (in the illustrated case, substantially simultaneous) execution of the various parts or segments 624 of the multi-part transaction request (a sell order) by a plurality of exchange servers 106, 1106.
  • a fill rate of 94% of an original aggregated order was achieved at the original offer price 630 of $4.21 (shown as "Level 1").
  • Level 2 the remaining volume was sold at a less-desired but still acceptable price 632 of $4.20 (shown as "Level 2").
  • the cost associated with the orders filled below the requested order price was $53,000 for the trader systems 1102 (e.g., client systems) and $10,049 for the capital management entity 1106.
  • an unsynchronized multi-part trade request (multi-exchange sell order) consisting of multiple, unsynchronized order segments 624' for the same overall transaction request resulted in an initial fill rate of 47% at the preferred order price 630 of $4.21 (shown as "Level 1").
  • a further 43% of the request was subsequently filled at the less-desirable price 632 of $4.20 (shown as “Level 2"), with the remainder being filled at a further reduced price 634 of $4.19 (shown as "Level 3").
  • VWAP volume-weighted average sale price
  • systems 100, 1000 can comprise devices or components suitable for providing a wide variety of further metrics and functionalities.
  • FIG. 7, illustrates two examples of the provision by a routing processor 104, 1104 or other processor of a benchmark comparison relative to a market average price provided by, for example, a market news service or other market data source 1126v.
  • performance of a system 100, 1000 in synchronized processing of a multipart transaction request in accordance with the invention is compared to a market performance indicator "Average Price Benchmark.”
  • Average Price benchmark, or other benchmark or metric factor can be obtained from, for example, any or all of components 1126, 1106, etc.
  • performance of a system 100, 1000 in un-synchronized processing of a multi-part transaction request in accordance with prior art methods is compared to the same market performance indicator "Average Price Benchmark.” Comparison of comparisons 646, 644 indicates that processing of transactions in accordance with the invention provides better results for a seller of financial interests.
  • benchmarks may be used in assessing performance of systems and methods according to the invention. Such benchmarks may be determined at least partially by the nature of the system 100, 1000 used, and the types of transactions or other execution requests processed by such system.
  • source(s) 1126 of data useable by processor(s) 104 in preparing financial transaction or other data processing execution requests includes a plurality of modules 1126a-g useful in preparing a multi-part execution request.
  • modules 1126a-g include market data processing module 1126a, exchange round-trip latency measurement module 1126b, adaptive exchange round-trip latency (RTL) learning & compensation logic module 1126c, smart sweeping share allocation logic module 1126d, smart posting logic module 1126e, regional & national exchange access logic module 1126f, and aggressiveness management module 1126g.
  • Market data processing module 1126a receives and processes market data, which may be the same as or different from data provided through exchange market data module 1126v of the exchange server 1106.
  • Sources of such data may be internal to the system 1104, or external, as needed or desired, and may include any suitable private or publicly-available sources of data useful in preparing execution requests, and particularly such requests that are useful in dividing or otherwise preparing a transaction order: information provided can, for example, include the numbers or quantities and/or prices available on any particular exchanges; historical trading volumes or prices; current and historical depth of market(s) or liquidity; reserve sizes; absolute, relative, and/or average price spreads; and stock- or interest-specific heuristics; and/or trends in any or all thereof.
  • Exchange RTL measurement module 1126b determines timing parameters for use in synchronizing execution of multi-part trade or other data processing requests by pluralities of exchange server 1106s, as for example explained herein, using statically-defined latency data representing time(s) elapsed between sending of requests or other data to, and receipt of confirmation or execution results from, individual execution processor(s) 106, 1106.
  • Adaptive Exchange RTL measurement module 1126c determines timing parameters for use in synchronizing execution of multi-part trade or other data processing requests by pluralities of exchange server 1106s, as for example explained herein, using dynamically-defined ("rolling") latency data representing times elapsed between sending of multiple processing requests, or other data, to, and receipt of confirmation or execution results from, individual execution processor(s) 106, 1106. Histograms and other data models and/or structures representing such rolling data may be used by module(s) 1126c in determining timing parameters according to such processes.
  • rolling dynamically-defined
  • Smart sweeping share allocation logic module 1126d includes a statistical model for strategically oversizing transaction requests, and/or associating reserve quantity(ies) with publicly-posted orders, based on historically observed market data. This module 1126d determines, for example, a suitable oversizing (i.e., over-ordering on a trade request) to be incorporated in an open order, taking into consideration predicted hidden reserve quantity(ies) in an exchange server 1106, based on statistical data about the hidden reserve available in that exchange server 1106 over a given period or under other specified conditions (e.g., the past 30 trade requests). Based on such predicted hidden market reserves, a suitably-sized hidden reserve can be determined, and associated with a transaction order, to result in a strategic oversizing of the publicly-viewable order and help to ensure that an actual desired trading volume is realized.
  • a suitable oversizing i.e., over-ordering on a trade request
  • Smart posting logic module 1126e includes a statistical model for determining the probability of fills (i.e., percentage satisfaction of a trade request) expected to be realized in trade requests routed to individual exchange servers 1106. Such statistical models may for example include historical fill data realized on such individual exchanges over a given period (e.g., the past 30 trade requests, last month, previous 12 months, etc.). A smart posting logic module 1126e may take into consideration factors including, for example, the depth of the top of book at each exchange server 1106, the volatility level across exchange servers 1106 and the mean latency time to execution of a trade request, among other factors.
  • Regional & national exchange access logic module 1126f provides information about how a trade request should be routed to an exchange server 1106, depending on whether the exchange server 1106 is regional or national.
  • Internally- and/or externally- stored data related to suitable protocol(s) to be employed, regulations to be observed, etc., may be employed in providing such data.
  • Such data may be used, for example, in ensuring that trade or other processing requests forwarded to external resources 106, 1106 by routing processor(s) 104, 1104 are suitably formatted, in view of the resource(s) 106, 1106 to which the request(s) are provided, and in ensuring that such request(s) comply with all applicable legal standards.
  • Aggressiveness management logic module 1126g includes a probability model for determining the probability of a fill percentage for individual exchange servers 1106, and modifying execution requests routed to such servers accordingly. Such a module 1126g may take into consideration factors such as, for example, the fill rate at each exchange server 1106, the depth of book at each exchange server 1106, and the volatility levels across exchange servers 1106, among other factors.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes (100, 1000), des procédés et une programmation interprétable par une machine ou d'autres produits d'instruction pour la gestion du traitement de données par de multiples ressources informatiques en réseau (106, 1106). La présente invention concerne en particulier la synchronisation des demandes associées pour le traitement des données à l'aide de ressources en réseau distribué.
PCT/CA2010/000872 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Traitement synchronisé de données par ressources informatiques en réseau WO2011069234A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020127017789A KR101667697B1 (ko) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 네트워크 컴퓨팅 자원에 의한 데이터 동기화 프로세싱
CN201080063476.XA CN102859938B (zh) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 通过网络化计算资源对数据进行同步处理的装置、系统和方法
BR112012013891-0A BR112012013891B1 (pt) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Sistema para efetuar processamento sincronizado de dados através de múltiplos recursos de computação em rede, método, dispositivo e meio legível por computador
AU2010330629A AU2010330629B2 (en) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Synchronized processing of data by networked computing resources
MX2012006659A MX337624B (es) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Procesamiento sincronizado de datos por recursos de computo conectados en red.
JP2012542320A JP5785556B2 (ja) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 ネットワーク化されたコンピューティングリソースを用いたデータの同期処理
EP10835319.4A EP2510451B1 (fr) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Traitement synchronisé de données par ressources informatiques en réseau
SG2012042636A SG181616A1 (en) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Synchronized processing of data by networked computing resources
ES10835319T ES2754099T3 (es) 2009-12-10 2010-06-08 Tratamiento sincronizado de datos mediante recursos informáticos en red
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US20120042080A1 (en) 2012-02-16
JP2015092353A (ja) 2015-05-14
US20200302536A1 (en) 2020-09-24
CN102859938A (zh) 2013-01-02
AU2023200177A1 (en) 2023-02-16
US20230410200A1 (en) 2023-12-21
AU2018274909B2 (en) 2020-11-12
CA3109739A1 (fr) 2011-01-11
AU2010330629B2 (en) 2015-11-05
ES2754099T3 (es) 2020-04-15
US20170039648A1 (en) 2017-02-09
US11776054B2 (en) 2023-10-03
AU2016200212B2 (en) 2018-03-01
BR112012013891B1 (pt) 2020-12-08
US20130304626A1 (en) 2013-11-14
AU2021200879B2 (en) 2023-02-02
US10650450B2 (en) 2020-05-12
US8489747B2 (en) 2013-07-16
CN102859938B (zh) 2016-07-06
BR112012013891A2 (pt) 2016-05-03
EP2510451A1 (fr) 2012-10-17
MX2012006659A (es) 2013-01-22
CA2927607C (fr) 2021-04-06
ZA201205093B (en) 2014-02-26
SG10201704581VA (en) 2017-07-28
CN105978756A (zh) 2016-09-28
AU2016231624A1 (en) 2016-10-20
AU2016200212A1 (en) 2016-02-04
EP2510451A4 (fr) 2015-11-18
MX337624B (es) 2016-03-11
AU2018274909A1 (en) 2019-01-03
AU2010330629A1 (en) 2012-02-23
CA2707196C (fr) 2016-11-01
SG181616A1 (en) 2012-07-30

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