Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B19/00—Wheels not otherwise provided for or having characteristics specified in one of the subgroups of this group
  • B60B19/12—Roller-type wheels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B19/00—Wheels not otherwise provided for or having characteristics specified in one of the subgroups of this group
  • B60B19/003—Multidirectional wheels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2200/00—Type of product being used or applied
  • B60B2200/40—Articles of daily use
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2200/00—Type of product being used or applied
  • B60B2200/40—Articles of daily use
  • B60B2200/43—Carts
  • B60B2200/432—Shopping carts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
  • B60B2310/20—Shaping
  • B60B2310/204—Shaping by moulding, e.g. injection moulding, i.e. casting of plastics material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
  • B60B2310/30—Manufacturing methods joining
  • B60B2310/316—Manufacturing methods joining by press-fitting, shrink-fitting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2360/00—Materials; Physical forms thereof
  • B60B2360/30—Synthetic materials
  • B60B2360/32—Plastic compositions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2380/00—Bearings
  • B60B2380/10—Type
  • B60B2380/14—Roller bearings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2380/00—Bearings
  • B60B2380/50—Load bearing capacity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
  • B60B2900/30—Increase in
  • B60B2900/351—Increase in versatility, e.g. usable for different purposes or different arrangements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
  • B60B33/0028—Construction of wheels; methods of assembling on axle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
  • B60B33/0036—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by type of wheels
  • B60B33/0039—Single wheels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
  • B60B33/0047—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle
  • B60B33/0049—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle the rolling axle being horizontal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62B—HAND-PROPELLED VEHICLES, e.g. HAND CARTS OR PERAMBULATORS; SLEDGES
  • B62B2301/00—Wheel arrangements; Steering; Stability; Wheel suspension
  • B62B2301/02—Wheel arrangements; Steering; Stability; Wheel suspension comprising wheels for longitudinal travelling and wheels for lateral travelling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making

Definitions

• This invention relates to a wheel. More particularly, this invention relates to a wheel ihune. Still more particularly, this invention relates to a wheel frame for a wheel having a plurality of peripheral rollers capable of rotating about peripheral axes aligned normal to th c mat n axis of rotation of the whee I .
• Such wheels include a central hub rotatahlc about a main axis and a plurality of independently mounted rotatablc rollers located about the rim of the huh.
• the rollers arc each capable of rotation about an axis normal lo and radially spaced from the main axis whereby the wheel is capable of moving in a first direction in which the wheel rotates about the main axis or in a transverse direction in which one or more rollers contacting the ground rotate about their corresponding axes.
• PCT/AUOl /Ol 175 Publication No. WO02/24471.
• the multiple directional wheel described therein comprised a circular wheel frame having a plurality of
• l3 ⁇ 4e frame included an integrally formed polyaxled ring that required the rollers to be molded over the axles and limited the range of molding techniques that could be utilised.
• the rollers rotated about multiple axes normal to a main axis of the wheel.
• the roller axes were each aligned substantially normal to lines extending radially from the main axis through the midpoint of each roller axis.
• the rollers were positioned to provide a large overlap (20% - 35% in side view) of effective ground contacting surface between diagonally adjacent rollers.
• An object of the present invention is to ameliorate the aforementioned disadvantages of Ihe prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative thereto.
• a wheel rotatablc about a main axis and having a plurality of peripheral rollers mounted on peripheral axles aligned tangenlially about the wheel and radially spaced from the main axis, each peripheral axle joined to adjacent other peripheral axles to form a continuous ring.
• Ihc peripheral axle may include an axle shaft.
• the peripheral axle die may configured ta produce no mold parting or separation lines extending longitudinally along the axle shall.
• the peripheral axle may be molded in a die that produces no mold parting or separation lines on or around the axle shaft.
• all or part of the length of the axle shaft of each peripheral axle is molded in a die thai defines a cylindrical cavity.
• the mold separation line should extend laterally, but not longitudinally, on the axle shaft, for example along an annular step portion at a location along the length of the axle shall.
• the peripheral axle may include a head.
• the head may be sized and eontigured to receive a free end of an axle shaft of an adjacent peripheral axle.
• a portion of the die for molding the head may comprise components that fonn a lateral or longitudinal separation line during molding of the peripheral axle.
• the head may define a bore configured to receive a free end of an axle shaft of an adjacent peripheral axle.
• the bore may be defined by a mouth extending from the head.
• the mouth and the bore may be cylindrical and/or conical in shape.
• the mouth and the bore are cylindrical.
• the mouth is molded in a component of the die that produces no mold parting lines along the length of the cylinder or cone forming the mouth.
• the peripheral axle die further includes a component that defines a cylindrical or conical cavity to form the mouth without producing mold parting lines, and particularly mold parting lines extending longitudinally along the moulh.
• the mouth may be wholly or partially cylindrical and/or wholly or partially conical in internal and external shape.
• the axle shall may be uniformly cylindrical or may be iruslo-conicul in shape.
• the axle shaft may be partly conical in shape, particularly proximal to its iree end. Accordingly, the axle shaft and mouth may be each be molded in a die component defining a cylindrical or conical .structure, or a combination of both. This enables the axle shall and moulh to be formed in a single die die component defining a cylindrical or conical cavity that completely surrounds the. component to be formed.
• This die arrangement may have the allect that no mold parting lines extending longitudinally arc formed on the axle shall and mouth components so these components, having a closely circular cross-section at any point along their length, may be formed to have a round cross-section to a high degree, of accuracy.
• This enables the axle shaft to mouth components tp.be uniformly and consistently molded accurately round without blemishes and shupe inconsistencies, enabling manufacturing to lo tolerances with resultant minimal play between moving parts.
• the peripheral axle head portion may be separately formed from the peripheral axle shaft portion, although this is not preferred as it would add to the number of
• Each head elleelively forms a corner of Lhe continuous ring.
• the head may include an annular shoulder at one end to retain the roller on the axle shall.
• the other end of the head includes the moulh.
• the head includes a corner portion wherein the mouth bore has a longitudinal axis set at an angle ⁇ (theta) relative lo the longitudinal axis of lhe axle shall.
• the general angle 0 (thela) may be determined by the algorithm 180-360/n, where n equals the number of peripheral rollers lying in a single plane on the continuous ring. Correspondingly, n equals lhe number o peripheral axles constituting the continuous ring.
• the wheel may comprise three or more rollers up to a practical maximum o ten rollers.
• the angle 0 (theta) for a head of a triple roller wheel is about 60 * .
• the angle 0 (theta) for a head of a four roller wheel is about 90".
• the axle shall may terniinate in a free end that is lhe same radius as (he remainder of the axle shaft. That is, the axle shaft has a consistently round cross section throughout its length.
• the axle shaft may include a stepped terminating portion that has a smaller or larger radius than the main body of the axle shall.
• the terminating portion may be sized and configured to be received in the moulh.
• the radius of the mouth bore may be smaller than the radius of the main body of the axle shaft and the exLerual cylindrical or conical wall of the mouth may have a greater diameter than the diameter of the axle shaft main body at the juncture. In this way, the mouth may perform as an annular shoulder elTeclive to retain a roller on the axle shaft between the head of the peripheral axle on which the roller is mounted and the head of an adjacent peripheral axle.
• the mouth bore may be a through-bore extending through from the mouth to an open end al the back of the head.
• the through-bore may be effective to permit the terminal end of the axle shaft to be in contact with an over molded support of the wheel body.
• the through bore may thus provide an opening into which the over molded wheel body may extend during the molding process to reinforce the connection between the axle shaft and the head to provide (he combined structure of the axles and the over molded wheel body that is of greater strength and rigidity than if the overmolding did not so extend into the interstitial spaces of the axle head.
• the terminal end butt of the axle shaft may be shaped at an angle transverse to the longitudinal axis of the axle shall io permit a greater length of axle shaft to be inserted into the mouth bore whilst conforming to the corner portion shape.
• the join between the axle shaft and the head of an adjacent peripheral axle may be further strengthened by adhesive, heat fusion, ultrasonic or other known joining or welding techniques.
• the wheel preferably further comprises a wheel body or frame.
• the wheel body may include a hub or central aperture defining a main axle or central bore. Extending lirora the hub or an inner rim of the wheel body may be plurality of outwardly extendi g supports. The outwardly extending supports may extend radially from the centre of the wheel body. The outer ends of the supports may secure the heads.
• the wheel body is formed at least partially around the heads.
• the heads may be mounted oh or in the outwardly extending supports.
• the outwardly extending supports may partially or wholly surround the heads, provided that the supports do not interfere with the movement of the rollers.
• the wheel components may be made from a number of different materials and may comprise a composite of components made from difl ' erent materials. I Iowever, the skilled person will appreciate that a wide variety of suitable materials may be employed, depending on the application and strength and wear demands on the wheels.
• the peripheral axles may be made from high strength molded plastic, cast steel, or a composite of two or more dillerent materials.
• axles may include a molded plastic casing reinforced with inner metal rods or other reinforcing structures.
• the peripheral axle may be constructed such that the axle shall consists of a metal rod with no plastic ovcrmold, except about the shall end attached to the axle head, the head consisting of a plastic molded component.
• the bushings may be made from high strength extruded plastic over which the rollers may be molded. Accordingly, the bushings may be inserts molded inside, lor example, polyurcthane elastomeric rollers.
• the bushings may be shaped to follow the contours of the roller tyre.
• the external surface of tho bushing may have a plurality of annular ribs aligned laterally relative to the bushing's longitudinal axis to better grip the tyre (preferably overmolded) and be effective against against longitudinal slippage or movemenl of (he lyre relative to the bushing.
• the external surface has a plurality of longitudinal ribs.
• the longitudinal ribs arc arc or bow shaped to follow the general cigar shape of the roller's external shape, 'fhe arched ribs are preferably solid and integral to the general cylindrical core of the bushing throughout their lengths, although they may be supported only at their ends and bowed in the middle. Longitudinally aligned ribs will reduce relative movement between the ribs and the lyre as the roller rolls about its longitudinal roller axis, strengthening the join and extending the life of the roller.
• the invention provides a method of assembling a wheel rolalable about a main axes and having a plurality of peripheral roller? mounted on peripheral axles aligned tangenlially about the wheel and radially spaced from the main axes. Hach peripheral axle being joined to adjacent other peripheral axles to fonn a continuous ring, the method including the steps of:
• each peripheral axle in a die having a cylindrical cavity for forming the axle shaft of the peripheral axle without longitudinal separation lines, the peripheral axles each having a receiving head portion for receiving a free end of the axle shall of an adj cent peripheral axle;
• the wheel body may include a central hub to be rotatably mounted on the main axle.
• the support structure may include a plurality of outwardly extending arms that support the receiving heads in spaced relationship to the main axes.
• the step of mounting a roller on each axle shaft may be preceded by the step of first forming a bush as a sleeve to be mounted on the axle shall.
• the corresponding roller may be molded around the bush prior to mounting on the axle shaft.
• the step of mounting the roller.on each axle shaft may include inserting the bush into a roller and then inserting the axle shaft into the corresponding bush and roller.
• the head may further include spurs, ridges or other surface features that permit greater adherence to a structure molded about the head or a segment thereof.
• the spur or other surface features may serve to increase the surface area between the adhering wheel body and the receiving head thereby surengthening and reinforcing the join and increasing the strength and rigidity ol ' lhe wheel structure.
• the receiving head may include a mouth defining a short bore, the mouth forming an ⁇ annular shoulder on ihe axle shaft to trap the corresponding roller on the shall between the receiving head and the mouth.
• the receiving head including the corner portion may be shaped so that the longitudinal axes of the axle shall is set at an angle ⁇ (theia) to the longitudinal axes of the short bore.
• the angle 0 (theta) may be determined by the algorithm 180-360/n, wherein n equals the number of peripheral rollers lying in a single plane on the continuous ring.
• the die may include an additional cylindrical cavity for forming the mouth devoid of longitudinal separation lines thereon.
• the invention may be belter understood Irom the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, in which:
• Figures la 1 i arc various views of a peripheral axle according to one embodiment
• Kigurcs 1j lp arc various views of a peripheral axle according to another embodiment
• Figures 1 q 1 w are various views of a peripheral axle according to yet another embodiment
• Figures 2a - 2c are various views of a bush according to one embodiment
• Figures 2d - 2f arc various views of a bush according to another embodiment
• Figures 2g - 2i are various views of a bush according to another embodiment
• Figures 3a - 3d are various, views of a roller
• Figures 4a - 4f arc various views of a whcol body
• Figures 5a - Sd arc various views of a wheel
• Figures 6a - 6d are various partially transparent views of the wheel shown in Figures 5a -5d;
• Figures 7a and 7b are sectional views of the wheel shown in Figures 5a -5d;
• Figure 8 is an exploded view of (he wheel shown in Figures 5a -5d, noting intersections between the peripheral axles and the wheel body supports are not shown;
• Figures 9a and 9b are perspective and ghosted views, respectively, of a continuous ring assembled without rollers;
• Figures 10a— 10c are perspective and ghosted views of a continuous ring and rollers prcasscmbly;
• Figures 1 1 a and 11 b arc cut-away and ghosted views, respectively, of a peripheral axle and roller preassembly ;
• Figure 12 is cut-away sectional view of the peripheral axle and roller preassembly shown in Figures 10a - 10c;
• Figure 13 is-a perspective view of a peripheral axle and a head of an adjacent peripheral axle
• Figure 14 is a perspective view of a pair of peripheral axles mated together without a roller
• Figure 15 is a ghosted perspective view of a pair of peripheral axles with mounted rollers and an unmaled pair of peripheral axles with mounted rollers prior to complete assembly;
• Figure 16 is a perspective view of the peripheral axles and rollers shown in Figure 15 assembled prior to insertion into a wheel body injection mold;
• Figure 17 is a perspective ghosted view of the assembled wheel completed in an injection mold
• Figure 18 is a perspective view of the completed wheel aller removal liom an injection mold
• Figure 19 is a perspective cut-away view of the join between a peripheral axle head, adjacent peripheral axle shaft and wheel body support;
• Figure 20 is a perspective view of a completed twin wheel made according to an aspect of Lhe invention.
• a peripheral axle 10 comprising a head 20 and an axle shaft 50.
• the peripheral axle 10 shown is one of four peripheral axles 10 shaped to form a continuous ring 80 (see below) with tliree other like peripheral axles 10.
• the continuous ring 80 may be configured to comprise a lesser or greater number of peripheral axles, for example between three and ten axles making up the continuous ring of a wheel (see below).
• peripheral axle 10 components may be identical, having a nude end (the axle shaft 50) and a female end (the head 20), so that each peripheral axle 10 may mate with a like, adjacent peripheral axle 10 to form a continuous ring 8 comprising between three and eight peripheral axles 1 .
• the head 20 includes a mouth 30 and corner portion 40.
• the mouth 30 is a short cylinder defining a bore 32.
• lhe bore 32 may be cup-shaped and may terminale in the corner body 42 of the corner 40.
• the bore 32 may be a through-bore extending fully through to the rear ol ' lhe comer body 42.
• the bore 32 internal walls may be keyed with longitudinal surface features that cooperate with corresponding features on the axle shall 50 to mitigate against rotation of the axle shaft 50 in the bore 32, but preferably the bore 32 and the corresponding axle shaft arc round in cross section.
• the comer portion 40 sets the angle 0 (Iheta) at which lhe cylindrical axis of the bore 32 is set relative to the longitudinal axis of the axle shaft 50. Based on the formula 180- 360/n, where n equals the number of peripheral axles 1 hying in a single plane on the continuous ring 80, the corner angle ⁇ (Iheta) Ibr a head of a four axled embodiment is aboul 90".
• the corner portion 40 further comprises a generally cylindrical body 42 extending between the mouth 30 and an annular shoulder 44 aligned coaxially with the axle shaft 50.
• the comer body 42 includes surface features in the font) of a spur 46 having two lateral triangular projections extending either side of the corner body 42, and bridged to each oilier in the elbow of the corner body 42.
• the surface features may also be in the form of ridges, knobs, other protrusions or grooves that increase the surface area of (he corner body 32. This increases (he strength of the join between the peripheral axle 10 and an over-molded wheel body 100 as will be described below.
• the spur's 46 lateral projections 46a,b extending in opposed lateral directions, and the elbow bridge 46c extending inwardly toward a main axis of (he wheel (see below), provide structures in three dillerent directions for optimum rigidity and strength in the over-molded join between the peripheral axle 1 and the Wheel body 100.
• the axle shall 50 comprises an elongate, uniformly cylindrical axle 52 stepped down in diameter relative to the shoulder 44, so that the shoulder 44 provides an annular retaming wall 45 for trapping one end of a roller 140 (sec below).
• axle shaft 50 in molding an axle shaft 50 or mouth 30 structure so that the structures arc accurately round at any cross-section slice along their lengths, structures of either a conical or cylindrical shape may be utilised within the scope of this invention.
• the axle shaft 50 may be marginally truncated conical in shape, as may the mouth 30 and its bore 32.
• the conical shape may be useful to achieve length limitcrs that restrict the axial movement of the axle 50 relative to a roller 120, ⁇ the axle 50 relative to the bore 32.
• the structures are 50, 30 are shown as cylindrical.
• the axle shaft 50 may be of consistent cross-section throughout ils length mid may be in the form of a cylinder. However, preferably the terminal end 52 of the axle shaft 50. terminates in an angled wall 54 having a plane lying at an angle u (alpha) to (he longitudinal axis 56 of the axle shaft 50.
• u alpha
• the angle (alpha) is inversely proportional to the angle 0 (theta). For a four roller wheel, the angle a (alpha) is 90 " .
• the terminal end 52 may have a step down terminal portion 58 connected to the main cylinder 52 by an annular step 59.
• ' fhe terminal portion 58 is shaped and configured for insertion in the mouth bore 32, so that the angled wall 54 extends to the outer wall 43 of the corner body 42.
• the angled wall 54 preferably does not extend beyond (he ouLer wall 43, hut may be flush therewith.
• the axle shaft 50 is ofa sufficient thickness to provide a structurally rigid and strong axle along its length.
• the axle 50 diameter may be 3,8mm for a 48mm sized wheel 160, although the axle 50 diameter may vary depending on the application and wheel 160 size!
• the mouth 30 wall may be sufficiently thick for joint strength with the terminal portion 58, as well as to provide a step (in the form of mouth face 31) Jxom the axle 50 to the mouth 30 outer wall.
• Ihe spur 46 adds mass to the comer or bridge portion 20 and to increase (he surface area for over-mould adhesion with the whcol body 100.
• the axle shall 50 may be solid or hollow in structure.
• the axle shaft 50 for heavy load applications is a composite structure having a metal rod extending centrally and longitudinally along a substantial proportion ol its length to provide a central and longitudinal reinforcing beam.
• the axle shaft 50 may be wholly made of metal or wholly made, of plastic.
• FIG. lj- lp (here is shown an alternative embodiment of a.pcriphcral axel 310.
• the peripheral axel 310 comprises a steel axel shaft 350 and a plastic over- molded head 320, but is otherwise oi ' the same shape and configuration as the peripheral axel 10.
• FIGs 1 q- . I w there is shown an alternative peripheral axel 410 comprising a composite of steel and plastic over-molded materials, wherein the axel shall 450 includes an inner steel core rod or pin 451 and a plastic over-molded sleeve 452.
• he steel core rod 451 is continuous with a terminal portion 45 and (he outer extent of the plastic over-molded sleeve 452 forms an annular step 459.
• the plastic over-molded sleeve 452 is contiguous with the head 420.
• the head 420 is formed with plastic material integrally formed with the plastic over- moulded sleeve 452.
• a bush 140 in the form of hollow cylinder having a longitudinal axis 142 and defining an internal cylindrical bore 144 shaped and configured to receive the axle shaft 50.
• the internal cylindrical bore 1 4 is preferably shaped and configured to receive the main cylinder 52.
• the bush 140 may be mounted on the main cylinder 52 between the annular step 59 and the annular retaining wall 45.
• a lirst bush end 146 may abut, be Hush wilh, or he close to or in the same plane, as the annular retaining wall 45 and the other bush end 148 may, be flush with, or lie close to or in the same plane, as the annular step 59.
• FIG. 2j-21 an alternative bushing 340 comprising a plurality (in this case twelve) of longitudinal ribs 342.
• Ihe longitudinal ribs 342 are arced along their length whereby Iheir respective mid sections 344 arc radially spaced further away from the longitudinal axis 356 than the ridges' 342 respective ends 346.
• Hie longitudinal ridges 342 therefore form solid arcs extendin longitudinally along the external surface of the bushing 340, whereby the bushing 340 generally has a longitudinally ribbed cigar shape thai may correspond to (he general cigar shape of roller tyres lo be over-moulded Ihereon.
• the longitudinal ridges 342 arc preferably integrally formed with the main body or core 341 of the bushing 340.
• FIG. 444 yet another alternative bushing embodiment is shown in the form of barrel shaped bushing 440.
• the internal bore 344, 444 is cylindrical whereby to conform to the general cylindrical shape of the axel shaft 50.
• the external suriace 442 of the barrel shaped bushing 440 is, indeed, cigar or barrel shaped whereby to correspond to the generally cigar or barrel shaped rollers 120 that may be molded thereon.
• a cigar shaped bushing 440 made of necessarily hardened plastic, relative to the softer clastomcric plastics of which the tyre is made, may serve to strengthen the overall roller 120 construction, save on elaslomeric material and give greater strength to the roller 120 throughout it's length relative to a straight cylindrical bushing 140.
• the arced curvature of the bushing 440 represents a stronger structure with regard to lateral forces to which a roller 120 may be subjected lo transverse to the longitudinal roller axis 142, compared to the straight cylindrical bush 140.
• the bush 140 is retained within a cylindrical cavity 122 in the roller 120.
• 'llic roller 120 includes a pair of opposed openings at each end 124 that are coaxial with (he cylindrical cavity 122.
• the bush 140 has a smaller internal diameter and a larger outer diameter than the openings 124.
• the roller tyre 126 may be over-molded on the bush 140 as will be described below.
• the roller 120 is a bi-truncated fusiform, barrel or cigar-shape.
• the thickness of the roller tyre 126 al its respective ends as indicated by reference no. 1 8 is critical for a number of reasons.
• the end portion 128 of the roller 120 must be sufficiently thick to preclude failure through normal wear and tear as the stresses and potential for failure arc greatest at the end portion 128.
• the dimensions of wheel 160 and the rollers 120 may vary for different applications.
• the radius of curvature of the rollers 120 when viewed in side elevation generally will follow the radius of curvature of the wheel periphery. Larger wheels will have rollers having a larger radius of curvature.
• the number of rollers per frame may be dctcnnined according to criteria such as the relative strength of component materials and structures and the capacity of individual rollers to bear (he load transferred through the main axle 15.
• High load wheels will require barrel-shaped, proportionally shorter rollers having thicker roller tyres to withstand the large forces, particularly those borne at the remotes ends of the rollers when in ground contact.
• Lighter load applications may utilise cigar- shaped, more elongate and small diameter rollers that may be employed to reduce production and raw material. costs.
• the wheel body 100 comprises a central hub 102 journalcd for rotation about a main bearing 104 that is keyed by longitudinal slot 106 tor mounting on a main axle 15 (see Fig. 20).
• the wheel body 100 further includes a plurality of outwardly extending arms 108.
• the arms are preferably extend radially.
• the arms 108 terminate in support heads 1 10 that arc, in side elevation as shown in Figure 4a., substantially triangular in shape.
• Adjacent supports 110 present opposed substantially parallel planar faces 1 12 between which extend the axle shall 50 when the wheel 160 is assembled.
• the wheel body 100 is shaped to accommodate four rollers 120, thereby comprising four radial arms 10S.
• the wheel body 100 may be bi-symmeuical through a plane B as shown in Figure 4b. More preferably, the wheel body 100 includes an outer rim 114 and an inner rim 116.
• the inner rim 116 includes locking elements 1 18 comprising a pair of raised arc tracks 1 11, 1 13 that include complimentary grooves and ridges adapted to lockably engage each other when like wheel bodies 100 are abutted with their respected inner rims 1 16 facing each other.
• the respective wheel bodies 1 0 arc positioned so that the raised arc locking elements 11 1 , 1 13 are positioned in are gaps 115 and rotated 90° so that the respective locking elements 1 11, 1 13 engage.
• the locking elements 111, 113 are identical in shape and configuration, but rotated 180° relative to each other.
• the locking element 1 1 1a, 1 13a shown in Figure 4d include a receding rampl 17 including a trapped groove into which corresponding lead projections 119 enter to positively engage the respective wheel bodies 100.
• the respective wheel bodies 100 may be further chemically or
• the support ends 110 are slightly biased towards the inner side 101 of lhe wheel body 100 when viewed in transverse section along line A-A of Figure 4e.
• FIGs 5a-5d a completed wheel 160 is shown with the wheel body 100 over molded onto the peripheral axles 10.
• FIGS 7a-7b sectioned views of the wheel 160 show the relationship between the over-molding of the support 108 and the terminal end 58 of the peripheral axle 10, together with the mouth bore 32.
• the tenninal end 58 lenninales just short oflyiug flush with the outer opening of the mouth bore 32, so that mold material of the support 108 penetrates into the mouth bore 32, strongly connecting with the peripheral axle 10, both at the head 20 and the peripheral end 58.
• the axle shall 50, the annular retaining wall 45 and the bush 140, tepped wall 59 and the mouth 30 are also indicated.
• the wheel 160 comprises the wheel body 1 0, four peripheral axles 10 and four rollers 120.
• Figures 9a and 9b show how the peripheral axles 10 join together lo form a continuous ring 80 by the joining of four identical peripheral axles 10 by the insertion of the axle shaft 50 of each peripheral axle 10 into a mouth 30 of an adjacent peripheral axle so that the tenninal end 58 extends almost, but not fully, through the mouth bore 32.
• the rollers 120 may be over molded over the axle shafts 50, so that the eontinuous ring 80 may be formed before the rollers 120 are mounted to the continuous ring 80.
• rollers 120 arc first formed about a corresponding bush 140 and mounted on to the corresponding peripheral axle whilst the terminal end 58 is free and unattached to an adjacent peripheral axle 10.
• FIG. 9a it can be seen that (lie annular shoulder 44 is integrally formed with the axle shaft 50.
• rollers 120 are shown assembled onto the continuous ring 80 preparatory to the wheel body 100 being over molded onto the heads 20 of the preformed peripheral axles 10.
• FIG. 1 la the formation of the roller 120 and peripheral axle 10 is shown.
• the peripheral axle 10 is separately molded, as is the bush 140.
• the roller tyre 126 is then molded over the bushing 140 to form a roller module comprising the roller tyre 126 and bushing 140.
• the roller module 120, 140 is then mounted on to the axle shaft 50 by insertion of the axle shall 50 through either end of the roller module 120, 140.
• the roller module 120, 140 is mounted on to the axle shall 50 so that either end 146, 148 of the bush 140 abuts the annular retaining wall 45.
• the opening 124 may be of a marginally greater diameter than the annular shoulder 44 to minimise ixiction as the roller 120 rotates, although the gap between Ihe end portions of the roller 128 and the annular shoulder 44 are niudimal to reduce the effect of compressive forces applied to the end roller portions 128.
• the external diameter of Ihe mouth 30 is preferably identical to that of the annuhir shoulder 44, so that the insertion of the terminal end 58 in the mouth bore 32 until the mouth 30 open face 31 abuts the stepped wall 59, the end roller portion 128 partially extending over the mouth 30 as best seen in Figure 7b.
• the bushing 140 is shown mounled onto the peripheral axle 10.
• the peripheral axle 10 may be molded from high strength plastic material, the bushing 140 from high strength, low friction plastic material and the roller tyre 126 from a high strength and moderately high friction polymer.
• Figures 13 and 14 demonstrate the insertion of the terminal portion 58 into the mouth bore 32 in a "line to line fit" that holds the adjacent peripheral axles 10 together.
• the joining o lhe axle shall 50 with the mouth 30 creates a second annular step formed by mouth face .1 abutted against the stepped wall 59 whereby the mouth face 31 and annular reUiining wall 45 are effective to trap the roller bushing 140 on the axle shaft 50.
• Figure 1 shows the assembled pairs of sub asscmblces joined to form a continuous ring 80 prior to it being inserted into a wheel body 100 injection mold 200 whereby the continuous ring 80 and rollers 120 arc nestled into the mold 200 which is then shut as shown in Figure 17 to lock the continuous ring 80 and rollers 20 in place. Shut offs in the mold 200 secure the continuous ring 80 for molding and then the wheel body 100 is injected over the continuous ring 80.
• the dye or mold 200 includes a central insert 202 that defines the cavity corresponding to the main axle bore 101 shown in Jrigurc 4a and figure 4f. Ihc insert 202 also includes a longitudinal ridge 204 that forms the keyed slot 106. As shown in Figure 18, the completed wheel 160 may then be removed from the mold 200.
• a pair of completed wheels 160 are shown as a pair of wheels joined to form a twin wheel 180 mounted to a main axle 15 having a hex cross-section bore.
• the twin wheel 180 is useful as a omni directional or multi directional wheel and may be used as a substitute, lor example, in place of castor wheels.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Tires In General (AREA)
• Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
• Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Rollers For Roller Conveyors For Transfer (AREA)

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• 2010
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