WO2011039001A1 - Noyau de transformateur ou tôle de transformateur avec une structure amorphe et/ou nanocristalline et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Noyau de transformateur ou tôle de transformateur avec une structure amorphe et/ou nanocristalline et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011039001A1
WO2011039001A1 PCT/EP2010/062394 EP2010062394W WO2011039001A1 WO 2011039001 A1 WO2011039001 A1 WO 2011039001A1 EP 2010062394 W EP2010062394 W EP 2010062394W WO 2011039001 A1 WO2011039001 A1 WO 2011039001A1
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Prior art keywords
layers
layer
transformer
soft magnetic
transformer core
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PCT/EP2010/062394
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gabriele Winkler
Thomas Hammer
Frank Heinrichsdorff
Jens Dahl Jensen
Volkmar LÜTHEN
Oliver Stier
Ursus KRÜGER
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Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Priority to EP10749632.5A priority Critical patent/EP2483898B1/fr
Publication of WO2011039001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011039001A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
    • H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
    • H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
    • H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
    • H01F10/13—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F10/131—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing iron or nickel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
    • H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
    • H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
    • H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
    • H01F10/13—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F10/132—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing cobalt
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
    • H01F10/26—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by the substrate or intermediate layers
    • H01F10/265—Magnetic multilayers non exchange-coupled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
    • H01F41/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids
    • H01F41/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids using electric currents, e.g. electroplating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer core comprising soft magnetic layers of an electrically conductive core material having an amorphous and / or nanocrystalline microstructure, which are separated from one another by separating layers of an electrically insulating material. Furthermore, the invention relates to a transformer sheet, comprising a soft magnetic layer of an electrically conductive Kernma ⁇ terials with an amorphous and / or nanocrystalline microstructure, which is coated with a release layer of an electrically isolie ⁇ leaders material.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a transformer sheet or a transformer core.
  • a transformer core or transformer sheet of the type specified and a method for its preparation is described for example in DE 33 26 556 C2.
  • a transformer sheet metal can having an amorphous microstructure for example, be obtained in that the metal melt ⁇ containing a glass-forming element is dropped on a ge ⁇ chilled substrate and thereby an extremely rapid cooling of the dropped metal is initiated.
  • the metal solidifies amorphous.
  • the electrically insulating layer by an electrochemical method can be ⁇ introduced by cathodic electrodeposition.
  • the resulting transformer sheets can be processed by laminating or winding into a transformer core in which the layer of the metal with the amorphous crystal structure alternate with the separation layers.
  • amorphous self-supporting films produced electrochemically who can ⁇ having a thickness between 20 and 250 ym.
  • an alloy is deposited, which has iron as the main part, as a glass former phosphorus and another transition metal as alloying shares.
  • the object of the inven- tion is to transformer cores and Trans ⁇ formatorbleche and a method to provide for their preparation, with which the production of transformer cores is relatively facilitated.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with the Transforma ⁇ specified core according to the invention that a plurality of be ⁇ said soft magnetic layers and at least between them separation layers form a monolithic composite.
  • a monolithic composite according to the invention thus is to be understood an intimately interconnected layer sequence, which comprises at least two soft magnetic layers on ⁇ therebetween and at least one separation layer.
  • the composite can also have more than these three layers.
  • the individual composites can also be processed as transformer sheets , wherein a plurality of said soft magnetic layers form a monolithic composite at least with the separating layers lying between them. Again, it is particularly advantageous if just as many soft magnetic layers are produced as separating layers.
  • the monolithic composites are produced by the aforementioned method for producing a transformer sheet or a transformer core, in which a soft magnetic layer of an electrically conductive core material with an amorphous and / or nanocrystalline microstructure is electrochemically deposited on a base body. An electrically insulating separating layer is produced on the soft magnetic layer. Then, a seed layer for re elektrochemi ⁇ ULTRASONIC coating then a further soft magnetic layer step after the aforementioned step, and another separator layer according to the method also described ⁇ is made repeatedly. This is repeated until the transfor ⁇ matorblech has reached the intended shape of the intended thickness or the transformer core.
  • a composite is thus produced by the sequence of electrochemical coating steps, so that the layers grow on each other and thus creates an intimate connection. Therefore, in the required small thickness of the individual soft magnetic layers by producing the composite, a transformer sheet can be produced, which has a sufficient thickness for the further handling steps ⁇ . This facilitates the manufacture of transformer cores themselves, as the brittle material is easier to handle when it is in a greater thickness.
  • the layers of as Composite manufactured transformer sheets simplified because less of these thicker transformer sheets must be layered to Transforma ⁇ torkern. In extreme cases, even the entire transformer core can be produced electrochemically in a process sequence. Here beneficial ⁇ way eliminates subsequent layers of the transformer core com ⁇ plete.
  • amorphous transformer cores or transformer sheets This when used in the transformer advantageously only small losses erzeu ⁇ gene. This is due to the low coercive field strength H c, so that hysteresis losses can be kept small during magnetic reversal.
  • H c coercive field strength
  • hysteresis losses can be kept small during magnetic reversal.
  • amorphous structure of weichmagneti- see layers formation of structural grains is not visible. This is because the glass-forming alloy coins ⁇ approximately share results in a glass-like structure, so that the order of atoms is stochastic as a liquid.
  • individual grains can be recognized whose size, however, is in the nanometer range, ie smaller than 100 nm, preferably even smaller than 10 nm.
  • the transition between an amorphous and nanocrystalline structure of the microstructure is fluid, although crystalline regions of the microstructure with dimensions in the nanometer range may also be present within an amorphous matrix surrounding them.
  • the transformer core or the transformer sheet (or the sheets in a layered transformer core) have soft magnetic layers whose thickness is between 2 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • This can advantageously be used to ensure that the separating layers follow one another rapidly in the sequence of layers, which advantageously reduces the eddy current losses in the transformation process. Minimize the mating sheet.
  • the formation of eddy currents is namely prevented by the electrically insulating separation layers or at least contained.
  • the separating layers can have a thickness of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m. This thickness is sufficient to provide a sufficient electrical
  • the monolithic layer composites produced can advantageously have a thickness between 0.2 and 0.6 mm. This thickness is sufficient to allow the composites have a sufficient stability in the handling during the Schich ⁇ least of the transformer core of individual Transformatorble ⁇ chen.
  • the separating layers and / or lying between the separating layers and the soft magnetic layers are provided in the transformer sheet or the transformer core, the separating layers and / or lying between the separating layers and the soft magnetic layers
  • Starting layers for an electrochemical deposition are doped with nanoparticles, which, like the layer in question, in which they are incorporated, are electrically conductive or electrically insulating.
  • the chemical elements that make up the nanoparticles are selected so that their incorporation into the matrix of the respective layer causes mechanical residual stresses in the relevant layer due to atomic radii deviating from the layer material.
  • the mechanical stresses advantageously cause magnetic anisotropies. These anisotropies may be due to the location of the doping z.
  • B. be influenced in lines or strip shape.
  • the position of the doping can be influenced by introducing the nanoparticles only partially into the layer.
  • This coating step must take place before the electrochemical ⁇ mix coating and can be done for example by cold gas spraying of particles used.
  • the generated mechanical stresses have a positive effect on the magnetization losses in the transformer sheet. This can be described as a model as follows.
  • the mecha ⁇ African strains in the magnetically active layer result in a so-called holding the domain walls (in this case it Han punched by the partition walls of white districts). Due to the immobility of the Bloch walls, the magnetic moments of entire white areas are reversed when an external magnetic field is applied.
  • an electrically conductive material is vorgese ⁇ hen whose thermal expansion coefficient is at least 10% and at most 30% different from that of the weichmagneti ⁇ rule layer.
  • the conductive material is not ⁇ manoeuvrable in order on the electrically insulating separating layer How-a layer of the soft magnetic material abschei ⁇ to the. Since the separating layer itself can not serve as an electrode for the deposition of layer material, the application of the starting layer, for example by means of thermal see spraying or PVD processes upstream of the electrochemical coating step.
  • the already-described mechanism of generating residual stresses can be achieved as the material of the transformer core heats up during operation. This is due to the fact that the heating during operation of the transformer core is greater than during its production, for example by means of electrochemical deposition and cold gas spraying.
  • cold gas spraying This signified ⁇ tet that the layers of the transformer core and transformer matorbleches can be done without residual stresses largely arise and this in the operation of the transformer by heating it.
  • the magnetization losses can advantageously be reduced and the relative permeability number increases.
  • the soft magnetic layers and / or seed layers lying between the separating layers and the soft magnetic layers are doped for an electrochemical deposition with hard magnetic particles, wherein the magnetic field with respect to its field line course to ⁇ least substantially at the planned field line course in the transformer core or transformer sheet is aligned.
  • This can be advantageously stabilized in the operation of the transformer, the required field line profile of the magnetic field to be generated.
  • the magnetic properties of the resulting composite material between those of an amorphous layer and those of a nanocrystalline Set metal. This applies to the electrodeposited matrix, in which are the magnetic particles Invited ⁇ device.
  • a subsequent heat treatment of the amorphous material with which normally amorphous microstructural orders can be converted into nanocrystalline, be ⁇ saves.
  • the adjustment of the microstructure of the matrix between amorphous and nanocrystalline is advantageously much more accurately possible by means of the incorporated particles. It can then be further advanced by heat treatment in the direction of nanocrystalline structural orders.
  • an application-specific optimized Kombina ⁇ tion arises with the matrix material to a composite material with small hysteresis and high saturation magnetization. This results at the same size of the transformer core for ⁇ possibility of transmission of a larger energy or for transmission of the same amount of energy to transformers ⁇ torkernen having a smaller size. This advantageously requires a more effective use of material or a smaller amount of cooling.
  • the above mentioned object is also achieved by a method for generating a transformer sheet or a transfor ⁇ matorkernes, wherein on a base body a soft-magnetic layer of an electrically conductive Kernma ⁇ material including an amorphous and / or nanocrystalline microstructure is deposited electrochemically. An electrically insulating separating layer is then produced on this soft magnetic layer. Then, a seed layer for the electrochemical coating, a further weichmag ⁇ -magnetic layer after the above-mentioned step, and another separator layer is produced according to the already mentioned Ver ⁇ method step repeated. This is repeated until the trans ⁇ formatorblech the intended thickness or the transformer core has reached the intended shape.
  • the electrochemical manufacturing method advantageously allows the production of extremely thin layers, so that the soft magnetic layers and the separating layers ensure effective prevention of eddy current losses.
  • the transformer sheets produced according to the invention are easier to process, since the thicknesses of the sheets produced can be selected independently of the small thickness of the individual soft magnetic layers.
  • the respective starting layers for the electrochemical coating are he ⁇ required, since the separation layers due to their effect in the transformer plate (prevention of eddy current losses) must be electrically insulating. However, these are therefore not suitable for a further electrochemical deposition step. This can only take place if a starting layer for the electrochemical coating is again applied to the electrically insulating separating layers.
  • the coating with the soft magnetic layer by a reverse pulse plating follows.
  • This per se known electrochemical Abscheidever ⁇ drive involves the insertion of pulsed Abscheideströmen for the workpieces to be coated.
  • the current pulses alternately change from cathodic to anodic currents, wherein the cathodic deposition must predominate on the workpiece as compared to the anodic dissolution to come to a deposition.
  • the reverse pulse plating is particularly advantageous for the deposition of uniform layer thicknesses.
  • At least one soft magnetic element particularly one or more of the elements Fe, Si, Ni, or Co, and at least one ⁇ glasbil founding member, in particular P and / or B, separated off together advantageous as soft magnetic layer.
  • the soft magnetic elements serve advantageously to produce a soft magnetic layer, wherein the glass formers are added to ensure the formation of an amorphous microstructure during the electrochemical deposition.
  • Layer course aligned cutting plane correspond.
  • the orientation of the layers is exactly in the direction that is usually used to laminate transformer sheets.
  • the layer planes are thus such that the two center axes of the transformer windings lie in one of these layer planes.
  • the deposition of the starting layer takes place by atomization of powder, by thermal spraying (in particular cold gas spraying) or by PVD coating of an electrically conductive material.
  • the electrically conductive material is applied to the previously applied electrically insulating release layer by atomizing, thermal spraying or PVD coating.
  • This coating step may be as long carried out the ⁇ until the starting layer has the required thickness for a closing of ⁇ electroplating. This is in particular by the thermal spraying distance, since this method made comparatively high deposition ⁇ light.
  • the cold gas spraying can be used, because this goes largely without a thermal load of the deposited particles of the starting layer and the substrate of Statte. A thermal load of the substrate should be avoided if the amorphous microstructure of the soft magnetic layers is to be completely retained.
  • thermal spraying such as plasma spraying can also be used by the on this
  • the deposition of the starting layer can also take place in two steps.
  • thermal spraying or PVD-coating with the material of the seed layer and with an amount that is not sufficient for a gal ⁇ vanisches deposition can be used as intermediate step, an electrochemical deposition of electrically leit ⁇ capable material with an electroless method until the starting layer has reached the required thickness.
  • even low layer thicknesses or not yet closed layers on the electrically insulating separating layer are sufficient for currentless deposition.
  • the electrically conductive material to which the seed layer is generated containing only chemi ⁇ specific elements of the soft magnetic layer. This has the advantage that the starting layer after completion of the overlying soft magnetic layer so to speak merges with this and no longer appears as a separate layer in appearance. This affects the production of loin product of the transformer core or transformer sheet ⁇ exercised.
  • a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention is obtained when a base body made of a soft magnetic, electrically conductive material, in particular with an amorphous and / or nanocrystalline microstructure is used.
  • the base body which is always required for an electrochemical coating to provide a substrate for coating, can according to this advantageous embodiment support the function of the transformer sheet or of the transformer core in the same way as the subsequently produced soft magnetic layers.
  • the base body consists of an amorphous and / or nanocrystalline structure, a performance comparable to the soft magnetic layers can be achieved.
  • soft magnetic nanoparticles which can be incorporated into the soft magnetic layers and / or starter layers in order to influence the microstructure there in the manner already described.
  • the microstructure can be influenced to the effect that a certain proportion of the shares can be set on amor ⁇ disasters and / or nanocrystalline microstructures. This advantageously eliminates post-treatment of the layers for adjusting the microstructure (heat treatment), which, however, can optionally be carried out to correct the properties of the layers produced.
  • the incorporation of soft magnetic nanoparticles can advantageously also be promoted in that they are deposited in a magnetic field or the substrate is magnetized during the deposition. In this way, the incorporation rates of nanoparticles can be influenced, wherein, in addition to the concentration of the nanoparticles to be incorporated in the electrolyte, a parameter for adjusting the particle concentration is available. is available. This can be used in particular to shift a rate of incorporation to higher values, since the concentration of nanoparticles which can be dispersed in the electrolyte is limited (otherwise the nanoparticles precipitate out of the suspension).
  • hard magnetic particles are incorporated into the soft magnetic layers and / or seed layers, wherein the forming layer is exposed to a magnetic ⁇ field during the deposition process, the field lines are at least substantially corresponds to the planned field line course in the produced transformer core.
  • the mag ⁇ netfeld is stabilized in the transformer and deviations from the desired field lines are attenuated. Furthermore, it is advantageously possible to carry out a targeted correction of the magnetic field generated during operation in the transformer.
  • deviations must be intentionally provided for the magnetic field which is used during the deposition process of the forming layers, which produces an orientation of the hard magnetic particles with intended deviations from the planned field line course in the transformer core to be produced.
  • the divergent magnetic field then corrects the actually generated in the transformers ⁇ torkern magnetic field in the desired manner, thus advantageous, for example unwanted deviations of the actual generated field line profile of a transformer can be corrected by desired se field line course.
  • nanoparticles are incorporated in the starting layers and / or in the separating layers, which, like the relevant layer in which they are incorporated, are electrically conductive or electrically insulating.
  • the chemical elements of the nanoparticles are selected so that their incorporation into the matrix of the relevant layer by mechanical radii deviating from the layer material leads to mechanical intrinsic stresses in the relevant layer.
  • an electrically conductive material whose thermal expansion coefficient differs by at least 10 and at most 30% from that of the soft magnetic layers can advantageously be deposited for the starting layers.
  • This also makes it possible to generate residual stresses during operation due to the heating of the transformer core, which positively influence the magnetic behavior of the transformer in the manner already described.
  • possible parameters for the production of the transformer cores or transformer plates by means of electrochemical coating will be explained by way of example.
  • the herstel ⁇ lung of a transformer sheet then undergoes a waste of the basic steps described follow simultaneously on both sides, in order to halve the required coating time.
  • the basic body is first produced by phosphating with an electrical insulation layer. Depending mate ⁇ rial of the base body is formed as iron phosphate or zinc phosphate.
  • a start ⁇ layer for a subsequent electrochemical deposition is applied to the electrically insulating separation layer of phosphate.
  • This can he follow ⁇ by a first intermediate step, wherein the conductive iron or nickel in the form of powders is deposited by spraying or cold gas spraying. Alternatively, the metal can also be applied by sputtering or vapor deposition, which is worthwhile, above all, for small workpieces.
  • iron In a second step, iron,
  • the main body used is a degreased, cleaned and activated metal foil of, for example, 20 .mu.m thick, which consists of iron, nickel or a nickel-iron alloy.
  • This is phosphated on both sides by dipping, spraying or electrochemical.
  • the phosphating is carried out with an iron phosphate or zinc phosphate-containing solution and closing drying at below 100 ° C.
  • the purpose notwendi ⁇ gen chemicals can be obtained for example from the company SurTec.
  • the phosphating may also be cathodic using an electrolyte which may contain one or more of the following types of ions: Zn 2+ , Ca + , P0 4 3+ , NC> 3 ⁇ or C10 3 ⁇ or F ⁇ .
  • This electrochemical deposition can be carried out at a temperature of 25 ° C a pH between 1 and 4 and a current density between 5 and 250 mA / cm 2 .
  • different layer thicknesses up to 100 ym (preferably 1 to 20 ym) can be generated.
  • the layer can also be produced with pores, which serve in a next step to take up nickel, iron or nickel iron particles.
  • the step of coating with the mentioned particles is preferably accomplished by atomization or by cold gas spraying. This is done by means of an electroless deposition of an iron- phosphorus alloy or nickel with a layer thickness of preferably 0.3 ⁇ m.
  • the electrolyte used contains iron sulfate, sodium hypophosphite, potassium sodium tartrate, boric acid and small amounts of sugar acid. With 15 percent sodium hydroxide solution to a pH from 8 to 11.5 there is provided a ⁇ , wherein the electroless deposition process is carried out at 50 to 85 ° C. At 80 ° C and a pH of 10.5 to obtain an iron phosphorus alloy with 94.5 wt .-% iron and 5.5 wt .-% phosphorus.
  • an electrolyte may be used, nickel sulfate, sodium glycolate and Natriumhy ⁇ contains hypophosphite.
  • the pH to 4 set to 5.
  • the electroless deposition is carried out at a bath temperature between 90 and 95 ° C.
  • Iron (II) salts exist. It can, for example
  • Iron (II) chloride, ferrous sulfate, iron (11) fluoroborate or ferrous sulfamate can be used.
  • Phosphordonator a hypophosphite or orthophosphite is used (example ⁇ as sodium or Natriumorthophosphit).
  • ⁇ by the desired iron phosphorous alloys produced in the layer.
  • soluble anodes of iron, preferably of pure iron, or insoluble anodes, for example of platinized titanium may be used.
  • the deposition takes place at temperatures between 40 and 70 ° C.
  • the selected current density is 10 to 100 A / dm 2 .
  • the deposition process can be carried out by a DC process or particularly advantageously by reverse pulse plating.
  • Electrolyte consisting for example of nickel chloride
  • Iron chloride, sodium chloride, sodium saccharin, sodium lauryl sulfate and boric acid The deposition takes place at 30 ° C. and a pH of 3 with a current density of 0.5 to 8 A / dm 2 .
  • the anodes used are nickel or iron anodes.
  • the required layer thickness z. B. 0.23 mm
  • the required shape may be achieved in various ⁇ dene manner. Either the transformer sheet is produced over a large area as a semifinished product, the known forms for the transformer sheets in the form of an E and I being produced by separating the transformer sheet (for example punching). But it is also possible to bring the base body in the required form of the transformer sheet and then to coat, the transformer sheet then equal in its required
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for the electrochemical coating of a transformer sheet as an embodiment of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the current profile of a reverse pulse plate as an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the process of layer formation in a method according to FIG. 2 in a section of the component
  • FIG. 1 shows a galvanic bath 11, which is suitable for coating a main body 12 of a transformer sheet.
  • This body is annular and therefore already has the shape of the Trans ⁇ formatorbleches to be installed.
  • the main body 12 is to be beschich ⁇ tet on both sides, so counter electrodes 13 are arranged on both sides and correspond in their extension to the base body 12 in order to produce the most uniform electric field in the electrolyte 14 used.
  • the base body 12, which forms the working electrode, and the counter-electrodes 13 are connected to one another via a controller 15, it being possible to control the deposition current via the controller 15.
  • FIG. 1 A possible control of the separation stream is shown in FIG.
  • the Abscheidestrom Notice i is on. This is considered according to Figure 2 over the time t. alter- pulse plating are nately in the reverse cathodic current pulses with a ⁇ Abscheidestromêt i c and anodic
  • a layer growth can be generated, as shown in FIG.
  • the edges of the irregularities 16 in the cathodic layer growth, represented by the contour 17 can largely corrected advertising to, as in the subsequent anodic current pulse, the irregularity is reduced disproportionately 16 and the contour is present after the ano ⁇ sized current pulse 18th
  • the ano ⁇ dische dissolution of the material is less than the cathodic growth, which is why on the body 12 deposited material remains.
  • the process is shown greatly over ⁇ increased in Figure 3 in order to visualize the course of the contours 17, 18.
  • the base body 12 is shown as a foil.
  • Starting layer 21 applied, which can be seen in Figure 5.
  • the particles 20 can be, for example, by atomizing be applied to the release layer 19 and are no longer recognizable in Figure 5, since the starting layer 21 is made of the same material as the particles 20.
  • an electrochemical coating on the starting layer 21 with the material of soft magnetic layers 22 can now take place. These ensure the function of the transformer core.
  • FIG. 7 in each case a separating layer 19 was formed as to the basic body after the application of the soft magnetic layers 22 on both sides in turn, and each Parti ⁇ kel were deposited 20 for a start-up layer on the thus formed barrier layers 19th Subsequently, the steps described in FIG 5 can be repeated any number of times until the desired thickness of the transformers ⁇ torbleches or the desired shape of the transformer core is obtained.
  • the starting layers 19 used can in this embodiment be formed, for example, from copper. There is thus always a layer of copper between the separating layers 19 and the soft magnetic layers 22 in the direction of layer formation, which causes the layer structure shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a layer structure in which the
  • Particles 20 consist of the same material as the soft ⁇ magnetic layer 22. After application of the particles 20 ent ⁇ is then a layer structure which is similar to that shown in Figure 5. However, the separating layers 21 are in
  • FIG. 8 in the soft magnetic layer 22, which consists of nickel iron, nanoparticles 23 are likewise provided of nickel iron.
  • the soft magnetic layer 22, which grows amorphous during electrochemical coating, can thus be provided in a targeted manner with a nanocrystalline structure.
  • the nanoparticles 23 themselves may also be formed amorphous or crystalline.
  • the nanoparticles 23 themselves are formed in crystalline form (as shown in FIG. 8)
  • further grains are formed in the amorphous matrix of the layer 22 by the nanoparticles, so that the contours of the particles 23 shown in FIG. 8 also represent grain boundaries . If the particles 23 themselves were amorphous, they would fuse with the amorphous matrix of the soft magnetic layer 22 and would be virtually invisible.
  • Na nokristalline particles 25 of a FeCuNbSiB alloy or amorphous alloys (z. B. FeSiB alloy) be introduced. These particles are dispersed in the chemical deposition bath for electroless deposition and then with the
  • the concentration of the particles 25 can be adjusted by the temperature, the speed of movement of the electrolyte (agitation) and the composition of the electrolyte.
  • nanoparticles 26 of Al 2 O 3 or CrO 3 may be introduced into the separating layer 19 (compare also FIG. 9). These nanoparticles 26 also lead to residual stresses and therefore improve the manufactured transformer sheet in the manner already mentioned above.
  • the nanoparticles 26 may ent ⁇ neither the electrolyte are admixed by dipping or spraying with an electrochemical phosphating or Precusor in the phosphating and then be automatically incorporated into the coated layer.
  • Anisotropy of the microstructure due to different expansion coefficients can also be produced by using a suitable material such as gold, silver, copper or aluminum as the starting layer 21. These metals generate the residual stresses when heating the transformer sheet by their deviating from the adjacent layers expansion coefficient.
  • FIG. 9 Also shown in FIG. 9 is the introduction of magnetic particles 27, which may also be designed as nanoparticles. Schematically illustrated is a magnetic field 28, which has the magnetic particle 27 and which is aligned in the direction of the desired field line course in the weichmag ⁇ genetic layer 22.
  • a magnetic field 28 which has the magnetic particle 27 and which is aligned in the direction of the desired field line course in the weichmag ⁇ genetic layer 22.
  • all known hard magnetic alloys can be used for the magnetic particles 27, all known hard magnetic alloys can be used.

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un noyau de transformateur ou une tôle de transformateur et un procédé pour sa fabrication. Selon l'invention, la tôle de transformateur (et le noyau de transformateur) comprend des couches magnétiques douces (22) et des couches de séparation (19) qui ne sont pas assemblées par empilement des tôles de transformateur, mais forment un ensemble monolithique composite stratifié. Selon le procédé de l'invention, cela est obtenu du fait que la tôle de transformateur (ou le noyau de transformateur) est fabriqué électrochimiquement par dépôts successifs de couches magnétiques douces (22) et de couches de séparation (19) sur un corps de base (12). À cet effet, après la réalisation des couches de séparation (19), qui sont électriquement isolantes, il est nécessaire d'appliquer des couches d'ensemencement (21) pour le dépôt électrochimique des couches magnétiques douces (22) qui suivent. Les noyaux de transformateur et tôles de transformateur selon l'invention sont fabriqués avec une structure amorphe et/ou nanocristalline, ce qui permet avantageusement de réaliser des pertes d'aimantation faibles et des indices de perméabilité élevés.
PCT/EP2010/062394 2009-09-29 2010-08-25 Noyau de transformateur ou tôle de transformateur avec une structure amorphe et/ou nanocristalline et procédé pour sa fabrication WO2011039001A1 (fr)

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DE102009048658.5 2009-09-29
DE102009048658A DE102009048658A1 (de) 2009-09-29 2009-09-29 Transformatorkern oder Transformatorblech mit einer amorphen und/oder nanokristallinen Gefügestruktur und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

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CN111321408A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-23 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种多界面非晶纳米晶电磁屏蔽复合材料
US11810698B2 (en) 2015-07-06 2023-11-07 Dyson Technology Limited Magnet

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016102386A1 (de) * 2016-02-11 2017-08-17 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Hybridmagnet und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
ES2876373T3 (es) 2017-12-20 2021-11-12 Bertram Ehmann Procedimiento y producto semiacabado para la fabricación de al menos una sección de paquete de un componente magnético suave
ES2785661T3 (es) 2017-12-20 2020-10-07 Bertram Ehmann Dispositivo de sujeción para sostener un núcleo de apilamiento magnético blando de un transformador y transformador

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DE3346659A1 (de) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-04 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Induktives bauelement
DE3326556C2 (fr) 1982-07-22 1989-10-26 Nippon Steel Corp., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp
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DE3346659A1 (de) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-04 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Induktives bauelement
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JPH04345007A (ja) * 1991-05-22 1992-12-01 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd 複合磁性膜およびその製法並びにそれを用いたコア
FR2842018A3 (fr) * 2002-07-02 2004-01-09 Memscap Micro-composant incluant un element inductif du type inductance ou transformateur
US20060280944A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Chao-Nien Tung Ferromagnetic powder for dust core
WO2008092265A1 (fr) 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 HYDRO-QUéBEC Feuille d'alliage amorphe en fe100-a-bpamb et son procédé de fabrication

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11810698B2 (en) 2015-07-06 2023-11-07 Dyson Technology Limited Magnet
CN111321408A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-23 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种多界面非晶纳米晶电磁屏蔽复合材料

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