WO2011035535A1 - 废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的方法及设备 - Google Patents

废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011035535A1
WO2011035535A1 PCT/CN2010/001431 CN2010001431W WO2011035535A1 WO 2011035535 A1 WO2011035535 A1 WO 2011035535A1 CN 2010001431 W CN2010001431 W CN 2010001431W WO 2011035535 A1 WO2011035535 A1 WO 2011035535A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
crusher
waste
frame
dust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001431
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
明果英
刘叶华
张宇平
李麒麟
李鹏
Original Assignee
湖南万容科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 湖南万容科技有限公司 filed Critical 湖南万容科技有限公司
Publication of WO2011035535A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011035535A1/zh
Priority to US13/424,363 priority Critical patent/US8671537B2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49751—Scrap recovering or utilizing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49751—Scrap recovering or utilizing
    • Y10T29/49755—Separating one material from another
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49815—Disassembling
    • Y10T29/49817—Disassembling with other than ancillary treating or assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53313—Means to interrelatedly feed plural work parts from plural sources without manual intervention
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/534—Multiple station assembly or disassembly apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/534—Multiple station assembly or disassembly apparatus
    • Y10T29/53409—Multiple station assembly or disassembly apparatus including converging conveyors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an environmental protection process method and equipment, in particular to a method and a device for the harmless treatment process and resource efficient recycling of waste electric water tank.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a process and a device for the harmless treatment of waste electric water tanks and efficient resource recovery for the above-mentioned problems and conditions, which are suitable for the actual situation of abundant labor resources in China, and equipment manufacturing.
  • Low cost and operating cost simple process, easy operation, no leakage, no waste gas, no waste water, no waste residue, no secondary pollution, dust explosion-proof, safety and environmental protection, good resource recovery effect.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention is: The process of harmless disposal of waste refrigerators and efficient resource recovery is as follows:
  • the equipment system of the crusher to eddy current sorting machine is placed in the closed integrated working room, equipped with multi-stage ventilation and exhaust system, nitrogen protection device, spray dust removal and temperature reduction
  • On-line monitoring and alarm control device for cyclopentane gas concentration for cyclopentane gas concentration
  • on-line monitoring and alarm control device for polyurethane dust concentration
  • on-line temperature detection and alarm control device for electrostatic grounding
  • main circuit closing control emergency stop control
  • alarm and status display Safety facilities such as damper monitoring, dust-proof and explosion-proof safety production.
  • the production line equipment for the harmless treatment and resource efficient recycling of the waste refrigerator of the invention comprises a manual disassembly station, a refrigerant recovery device, a feeding device connected in sequence, a biaxial shredder with a pressing device, and a first Belt conveyor, roller crusher, second belt conveyor, vibrating feeder and cartridge type iron remover, vibrating feeder and eddy current sorter; twin shaft shredder, first belt conveyor and roller
  • the crusher can be replaced by a mixing crusher; the cyclone collector, the dust collector and the fan are also installed in the roller crusher or the mixing crusher area, and the input absorption pipe of the cyclone collector is combined with the roller crusher or the mixer.
  • the top of the crusher and the top flange of the lower feed port are connected and connected, and the input absorption pipe of the dust collector is connected with the output pipe of the cyclone collector; the permanent magnet self-unloading iron remover is mounted on the second belt conveyor;
  • the production line equipment system of the material device to the eddy current sorting machine is all installed in a closed integrated explosion-proof dust removal working room.
  • the structure of the double-shaft shredder with the pressing device is as follows: Two large-angle hexagonal column strong rotating shafts driven by two high-power motors are mounted in the tearing chamber of the frame and mounted on the rotating shaft On the upper shredder, the feeding hopper is installed above the tearing chamber, the top of the feeding hopper is connected with the negative pressure dust outlet, and the pressing device is also installed on the back frame of the feeding hopper; the double shaft shredder further includes Material feeding device, feeding device structure is: The upper hopper is installed on one side of the double shaft shredder frame, the upper hopper arm end is connected with the double shaft shredder frame through the rotating shaft, and the middle of the upper hopper arm is connected with the hydraulic piston rod, hydraulic The end of the cylinder is connected to the double shaft shredder frame.
  • the structure of the roller crusher is: a motor, a transmission belt and a rotating shaft are installed under the frame, and the machine cavity is divided into a crushing chamber and a discharging chamber, and a fixed knife fixed by bolts is arranged around the wall of the crushing chamber.
  • the cutter shaft and the roller mounting disc are mounted on the rotating shaft in the crushing chamber, and cut
  • the cutter holder is provided with a cutter
  • the roller installation disc is mounted with a rotating toothed roller through the pin shaft
  • the discharge chamber is a discharge chamber below, and a scraper plate is installed, the scraper plate is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the upper part of the crushing chamber is connected
  • Feed hopper the top of the feed hopper is connected to the negative pressure dust outlet.
  • the structure of the hybrid crusher is: the lower part of the frame is equipped with a motor, a transmission belt and a rotating shaft, the crushing cavity and the discharging cavity are mounted on the frame, and the fixed cavity is installed in the crushing cavity wall, and the rotating shaft in the crushing cavity passes
  • the cutter holder is equipped with a cutter, and the rotary shaft is also provided with a rotating toothed roller through the roller bracket and the pin shaft, and a discharge chamber is arranged below the crushing chamber, and a scraping plate is installed; a tearing chamber is connected to the upper portion of the crushing chamber, Two large-angle hexagonal column powerful rotating shafts driven by two high-power motors and two shredders mounted on the powerful rotating shaft are installed in the tearing chamber.
  • the feeding hopper is installed above the tearing chamber, and the top of the feeding hopper is connected. Negative pressure dust outlet.
  • the structure of the barrel type iron remover is: a stainless steel drum is installed in the frame, and a small semi-circular permanent magnet magnetic material is installed on the inner wall of the stainless steel drum, and the feeding edge is installed along the tangential direction of the upper part of the stainless steel drum, and the lower part of the rack There are non-magnetic material outlets and magnetic material outlets before and after.
  • the eddy current sorter has the following structure: a first motor and a high-strength permanent magnet material roller driven by the first motor to rotate at a high speed are mounted on the frame, and at the same time, a second motor is mounted on the frame. And the belt roller and the conveying belt driven by the second motor, the conveying belt is placed above the high-strength permanent magnet material drum, and the metal metal outlet and the non-metal shield outlet are respectively installed at the front and rear positions of the rack below the end of the conveying belt.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a production line device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the double shaft shredder
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the roller crusher
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the mixing crusher
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the cartridge type iron remover
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the eddy current sorting machine
  • Figure 8 is a top view of Figure 7
  • Figure 9 shows the material ratio and fineness of the refrigerator after treatment.
  • the production line equipment for the harmless treatment and resource efficient recycling of the used electric water tank of the present invention comprises a manual disassembly station, a refrigerant recovery device, a feeding device connected in sequence, and a double with a pressing device.
  • Shaft shredder, first belt conveyor, roller crusher, second skin Belt conveyor, vibrating feeder, cartridge type iron remover, vibrating feeder, eddy current sorting machine; double shaft shredder, first belt conveyor and roller crusher can be combined with crusher In the roller crusher or the mixing crusher area, a cyclone collector, a dust collector and a fan are also installed, and the input absorption pipe of the cyclone collector is connected with the top of the roller crusher or the top of the mixing crusher and the top of the mixing port.
  • the input absorption pipe of the dust collector is connected with the output pipe of the cyclone collector, and the permanent magnet self-unloading iron remover is mounted on the second belt conveyor; the production line of the above feeding device to the eddy current sorting machine
  • the equipment is all installed in a closed integrated explosion-proof dust removal work room.
  • the used electric water tank is manually disassembled at the front-end dismantling station, and the hand-removable plastic parts (such as the refrigerator top cover, drawers, partitions, etc.), wires, glass, circuit boards, and then the fluorine are removed.
  • the station recovers the refrigerant in the compressor, and then manually removes the compressor and condenser that are not suitable for crushing with the crusher at the rear-end dismantling station. This process can be obtained.
  • Material, the remaining cabinets and door bodies (since they are composed of color steel plates, plastic liners, polyurethane insulation layers and partial condensing tubes and all connected together, can not be separated by manual disassembly), first sent by the loading device Into the double-shaft shredder for primary crushing, divided into 200 ⁇ 600mm (long) X40mm (width) X4 Omm (thick) strip material, second-stage crushing, after secondary crushing, iron, copper, aluminum, The materials of plastic and polyurethane foam are completely separated. The completely separated materials are firstly subjected to wind sorting. The polyurethane foam with smaller particle size is collected at the cyclone collector, and the exhaust gas is removed by dust collector.
  • the standard is discharged, and the rest of the material falls into the belt conveyor.
  • the large black metal iron is separated by the permanent magnet self-unloading iron remover, and then the material is continuously conveyed to the vibrating feeder via the belt, and the vibration feeding is performed.
  • the material is then continuously fed into the barrel type iron remover, and the barrel type iron remover completely separates the remaining small pieces of iron and falls into the receiving vehicle, and the remaining material falls into the vibration through the lower type hopper of the barrel type iron remover.
  • Feeder, through the vibrating feeder continuously feeds the material into the vortex
  • the current sorting machine separates the precious metal copper, aluminum, plastic and coarse polyurethane foam and drops them into different receiving vehicles.
  • multi-stage ventilation and exhaust system is configured at the same time (graded start-up, high-volume dilution of inflammable and explosive foaming agent cyclopentane gas and dust removal ventilation to achieve safety Production), nitrogen protection device (for nitrogen protection in two-stage crushing area and dust removal area (controlling oxygen content (volume concentration) less than 8%) and starting re-protection when dangerous conditions occur), spray dust removal and cooling device, cyclopentane Online monitoring and alarm control of alkane gas concentration, on-line monitoring and alarm control of polyurethane dust concentration, online temperature monitoring and alarm control, main circuit closing control, emergency stop button in multiple settings, alarm and status display, damper monitoring and reliable operation of all equipment Safety measures such as anti-static grounding ensure production safety.
  • the feeding device structure is: the upper hopper is installed on one side of the double shaft shredder frame, the upper hopper arm end is connected with the double shaft shredder frame through the rotating shaft, and the middle of the upper hopper arm is connected with the hydraulic piston rod.
  • the end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the double shaft shredder frame.
  • the structure of the two-axis shredder is as follows: Two large-angle hexagonal column powerful rotating shafts driven by two high-power motors and shredders mounted on the rotating shaft are mounted in the tearing chamber of the frame, above the tearing chamber The feed hopper is installed, the top of the feed hopper is connected to the negative pressure dust outlet, and the press device is also installed on the rear frame of the feed hopper.
  • the principle and advantages of the two-axis shredder After the refrigerator is fed into the feeding hopper by the feeding device, two high-power motors drive the two large-angle hexagonal columns with strong rotating shafts to rotate in opposite directions through the coupling.
  • the shredder on the shaft shatters the refrigerator with a high torque to shred the refrigerator.
  • the material After shredding, the material is 200 ⁇ 600 legs (long) X 4 0min (width) X40mm (height) long block.
  • the crushing method has the characteristics of large torque, low energy consumption, low noise, low dust, etc., and is particularly suitable for crushing and separating of extra large and thick materials.
  • the structure of the roller crusher is: Motor, drive belt and rotation are installed under the frame.
  • a shaft, a crushing chamber and a discharge chamber are mounted on the frame, and a fixed knife is mounted on the crushing chamber wall.
  • the rotating shaft in the crushing chamber is mounted with a cutter through a cutter holder, and the rotating shaft is also mounted with a rotating roller through the roller bracket and the pin shaft.
  • the bottom of the crushing chamber is a discharge chamber, and a scraper plate is installed.
  • the upper part of the crushing chamber is connected to the loading hopper, and the top of the feeding hopper is connected to the negative pressure dust outlet.
  • the working principle of the roller crusher After the mixture of different components is transported by the belt conveyor to the feeding hopper, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the pulley, and the cutter mounted on the rotating shaft and the wall mounted on the crushing chamber The knife first cuts the material, then the material continues to descend, and there is a large active gap between the rotating roller mounted on the roller bracket and the pin.
  • the roller bracket revolves with the rotating shaft, the rotating roller rotates on the one hand about the rotating shaft, and on the other hand, rotates around the pin shaft under the action of the centrifugal force.
  • the rotating roller and the fixed knife mounted on the wall of the crushing chamber The gap between the time is large and small.
  • the material passes through the gap, it is impacted, sheared, squeezed and bent by the rotating roller and the fixed knife.
  • the materials of different materials are separated and wound separately, and then scraped.
  • the board discharges the separated material.
  • the dust generated during the crushing process is collected by the fan from the negative pressure dust outlet and filtered and discharged.
  • This crusher is especially suitable for the crushing and separation of metal materials with low thickness and low strength and various mixed materials, such as automobile shell, water tank shell, computer main box and other waste materials.
  • the structure of the hybrid crusher is:
  • the lower part of the frame is equipped with a motor, a transmission belt and a rotating shaft.
  • the crushing chamber and the discharge chamber are mounted on the frame, and the fixed cavity is installed on the wall of the crushing chamber.
  • the rotating shaft in the crushing chamber passes through the cutting.
  • the cutter holder is equipped with a cutter, and the rotary shaft is also provided with a rotating roller through the roller bracket and the pin shaft, and the discharge chamber is a discharge chamber below the crushing chamber, and a scraping plate is installed; the upper portion of the crushing chamber is connected with a tearing chamber, and the tearing chamber is
  • the feeding hopper is installed above the tearing chamber, and the top of the feeding hopper is connected to the negative pressure dust outlet. .
  • the machine integrates two kinds of crushing methods, which can realize the separation of coarse and fine materials of materials. It has the advantages of small floor space, low investment, reduced dust emission and easy dusting and explosion protection for the crushing process.
  • the principle and advantages of the two-axis shredding method (level 1 crushing): Two motors respectively drive two large-angle hexagonal columns with strong rotating shafts rotating in opposite directions. At this time, the shredders mounted on the rotating shafts carry out the materials. A high torque bite to shred the material.
  • the crushing method has the characteristics of large torque, low energy consumption, low noise, low dust, etc., and is particularly suitable for crushing and separating extra large and thick materials.
  • the principle of movement of the rotating roller crushing method (second-stage crushing):
  • the rotating shaft 2 is rotated by the motor 1 through the pulley, and the cutter mounted on the rotating shaft 2 and the fixed knife mounted on the wall of the crushing chamber first cut the material. After cutting, the material continues to descend, and there is a large active gap between the rotating roller mounted on the roller bracket and the pin.
  • the roller bracket revolves with the rotating shaft 2
  • the rotating roller rotates around the rotating shaft 2 on the one hand, and rotates around the pin shaft under the action of centrifugal force on the one hand, and the rotating roller and the wall mounted on the crushing chamber are fixed at this time.
  • the gap between the knives is large and small.
  • the material passes through the gap, it is impacted, sheared, squeezed and bent between the rotating roller and the fixed knives.
  • the materials of different materials are separated and compacted separately.
  • the separated material is then discharged from the scraper.
  • the dust generated during the crushing process is collected by the fan from the negative pressure dust outlet and filtered to be discharged.
  • the barrel type iron remover structure is: stainless steel drum, stainless steel installed in the frame
  • the inner wall of the drum is provided with a small semi-circular permanent magnet magnetic material, and the feeding edge is installed along the tangential direction of the upper part of the stainless steel drum, and the non-magnetic material outlet and the magnetic material output D are respectively arranged in front and rear of the lower part of the rack.
  • the structure of the eddy current sorter is: a first motor and a high-strength permanent magnet material roller driven by the first motor at a high speed are mounted on the frame, and at the same time, the rack is also installed.
  • the second motor and the belt roller and the conveying belt driven by the second motor are disposed above the high-strength permanent magnet material roller, and the metal metal outlet and the non-metal material outlet are respectively installed at the front and rear positions of the frame below the end of the conveying belt.
  • the eddy current sorting machine is a sorting technology that utilizes different conductivity of materials.
  • the sorting principle ' is to use the motor 2 to drive the high-strength permanent magnet material drum to rotate at a high speed to produce an alternating magnetic field, when it has electrical conductivity properties.
  • eddy current is induced in the non-ferrous metal.
  • the eddy current itself generates an alternating magnetic field and is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the high-strength permanent magnet material drum.
  • the non-ferrous metal jumps out in the direction of its transport due to the repulsive action of the magnetic field, and is discharged from the non-ferrous metal outlet.
  • the non-metallic material remains on the conveyor belt, falls from the end of the belt, and is discharged from the non-metallic material outlet, so it is separated from other non-metallic materials such as glass and plastic to achieve the purpose of sorting.
  • the security system of the invention consists of:
  • the production line is equipped with independent safety electronic control, double shaft shredder, roller crusher and explosion-proof Monitoring and alarming of cyclopentane gas concentration, polyurethane dust concentration and temperature in areas such as dust collectors, automatic spray dust removal, automatic nitrogen protection, ventilation/exhaust system control in the enclosure, emergency stop control, main circuit closing control, alarm and Status display, damper monitoring, etc.
  • a spray dust removal device is designed. Continuous spraying between the twin-shaft shredder, the roller crusher and the conveyor belt during the production process.
  • the whole set of processing line design centralized alarm control system, centralized control and processing of all collected data. It is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply, ensuring that the alarm system works properly in an emergency such as a power outage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的方法及设备
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种环境保护工艺方法及设备， 具体涉及一种废旧电水 箱无害化处理工艺与资源化高效回收的方法及设备。
背景技术
有关统计表明， 我国电水箱的社会保有量约为 1. 3亿台， 每年平均 报废 400万台以上， 报废的电冰箱含有氟利昂等对环境有害的物质， 需 要得到妥善的处理处置， 同时废旧冰箱中又含有大量可供回收利用的金 属、 玻璃及塑料等， 具有较高的回收利用价值。 如果能对日益增加的废 旧冰箱进行有效的处理和资源化回收利用， 对于缓解我国资源短缺的压 力， 减轻环境污染、 建立循环经济社会都具有积极的作用和重要的意义。
目前， 由于我国在废旧;水箱回收处理方面的研究还不够成熟， 没有 形成科学的回收体系和成熟的处理工艺， 大量的廈旧冰箱主要通过两个 渠道处理： 一是被简单处理翻新之后又流入低收入家庭或农村， 存在对 环境污染的隐患； 二是在不具备条件的小作坊里被手工拆解， 回收有用 资源后， 剩余的大量有毒有害物盾通过倾倒、 掩埋或焚烧等方式被排放 到河流、 地面和大气当中， 不仅造成巨大的资源浪费， 而且严重污染当 地的环境。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:针对上述存在的问题和状况， 而提供 一种废旧电水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的工艺方法及设备， 适合我 国劳动力资源丰富的实际情况， 并且设备制造成本和运行成本低， 工艺 筒单， 操作容易， 无泄露、 无废气、 无废水、 无废渣， 不产生二次污染， 除尘防爆， 安全环保， 资源回收效果好。
本发明采用的技术方案是： 废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的工艺方法为：
1 ) 在生产线前端拆解工位， 人工对废旧电冰箱拆解， 从箱休上 下可单独拆卸的塑料件、 电器盒、 电线、 玻璃、 线路板；
2 ) 在生产线中段抽氟工位， 采用冷媒负压抽取回收装置对压缩机 内的制冷剂进行回收；
3 ) 在生产线后端拆解工位， 手动拆除不宜用破碎机破碎的压缩 机、 冷凝器；
4 ) 将余下的箱体及门通过上料装置送入带压料装置的双轴撕碎 机进行初级破碎， 然后由皮带输送机将初级破碎后的物料送至辊轮破碎 机进行第二级破碎； 或者将余下的箱体及门通过上料装置直接送入混合 破碎机进行破碎； 使金属、 塑料及泡沫彻底得到解离， 以便于粉碎物料 后续分离分类。
5 ) 将上述破碎后的物料进行风力分选， 旋风收集器收集粒径较小 的聚氨酯泡沫， 尾气经除尘器除尘后达标排放；
6 ) 将上述其余物料落入皮带输送机， 在其自动输送过程中途经永 磁自卸式除铁器， 将大块黑色金属铁分离出来；
7 ) 物料最后经皮带输送机送至振动给料器， 振动给料器再将物料 均匀连续地送至筒式除铁器进行磁选， 将未分离出的余下小块铁全部分 离出来， 并经筒式除铁器的一个料斗落入接料车；
8 ) 最后余下的物料经筒式除铁器另一个料斗落入振动给料器， 振 动给料器再将物料均勾连续地送至涡电流分选机， 将贵重有色金属铜、 铝和塑料及粗聚氨酯泡沫分离出来， 并分别落入不同的接料车， 实现 95 %以上的资源回收再生利用；
9 ) 将破碎机至涡电流分选机的设备系统全部置于封闭式一体化 工作间内， 配置有多级通风排风系统、 氮气保护装置、 喷雾除尘降温装 置、 环戊烷气体浓度在线监测及报警控制装置、 聚氨酯粉尘浓度在线监 测及报警控制装置、 温度在线检测及报警控制装置、 静电接地、 主电路 合闸控制、 急停控制、 报警及状态显示、 风门监测等安全设施， 除尘防 爆安全生产。
本发明的废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的生产线设备， 包 括手动拆解工位台、 冷媒回收装置、 依次连接的上料装置、 带压料装置 的双轴撕碎机、 第一皮带输送机、 辊轮破碎机、 第二皮带输送机、 振动 给料器及筒式除铁器、 振动给料器及涡电流分选机； 双轴撕碎机、 第一 皮带输送机和辊轮破碎机三者合起来可采用混合破碎机替代； 在辊轮破 碎机或混合破碎机区域还配套安装有旋风收集器、 除尘器及风机， 旋风 收集器的输入吸收管道与辊轮破碎机或混合破碎机顶部及下料口顶部法 兰连接连通， 除尘器的输入吸收管道则与旋风收集器的输出管道相连通; 紧贴第二皮带输送机上面安装有永磁自卸式除铁器； 上述上料装置至涡 电流分选机的生产线设备系统全部安装在一个封闭式一体化防爆除尘工 作间内。
上述技术方案中， 带压料装置的双轴撕碎机结构为： 机架上的撕碎 腔内安装有由 2台大功率电机分别带动的 2根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴 及安装在旋转轴上的撕碎刀具， 撕碎腔上方安装进料斗， 进料斗顶部连 接负压粉尘出口， 在进料斗的背面机架上还安装有压料装置； 双轴撕碎 机还包括有上料装置， 上料装置结构为： 上料斗安装在双轴撕碎机机架 一側， 上料斗臂端通过转轴与双轴撕碎机机架连接， 上料斗臂中部与液 压活塞杆连接， 液压缸端部与双轴撕碎机机架连接。
上述技术方案中， 辊轮破碎机结构为： 机架下安装有电机、 传动皮 带及旋转轴， 机腔内分为破碎腔及出料腔， 破碎腔壁四周装有由螺栓联 接固定的定刀， 破碎腔内的旋转轴上装有切刀支架和辊轮安装圆盘， 切 刀支架上装有切刀， 辊轮安装圆盘通过销轴安装有旋转带齿辊轮； 破碎 腔下面为出料腔， 安装有刮料板， 刮料板固定在旋转轴上， 破碎腔上部 连接进料斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘出口。
上述技术方案中， 混合破碎机其结构为： 机架下部装有电机、 传动 皮带及旋转轴， 机架上安装破碎腔及出料腔， 破碎腔壁安装定刀， 破碎 腔内的旋转轴通过切刀支架安装有切刀， 旋转轴还通过辊轮支架及销轴 安装有旋转带齿辊轮， 破碎腔下面为出料腔， 安装有刮料板； 破碎腔上 部连接安装有撕碎腔， 撕碎腔内安装有由 2 台大功率电机分别带动的 2 根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴， 以及安装在强力旋转轴上的撕碎刀具， 撕 碎腔上方安装进料斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘出口。
上述技术方案中， 筒式除铁器结构为： 在机架内安装有不锈钢滚筒， 不锈钢滚筒内壁安装有小半边圆弧形永磁磁性材料， 进料边沿不锈钢滚 筒上部的切线方向安装， 机架下部前后分别具有非磁性物料出口和磁性 物料出口。
上述技术方案中， 涡电流分选机结构为： 在机架上安装有第一电机 及由第一电机带动高速旋转的高强永磁材料滚筒， 与此同时， 机架上还 安装有第二电机及由第二电机带动的皮带滚筒及输送皮带， 输送皮带置 于高强永磁材料滚筒上方， 在输送皮带末端下方的机架前后位置分别安 装有色金属出口和非金属物盾出口。
本发明突出特点和显著效果：
( 1 )建立了科学、 合理、 规范的回收流程， 在使用无泄漏及带自清 功能的制冷剂回收装置抽取氟利昂后， 采用自动半自动方法对废旧电水 箱不同成份分别回收， 资源回收利用率可达到 95%以上， 且无二次污染。
( 2 ) 采用常温破碎技术对;水箱箱体及部件进行破碎分离， 较国 外的低温液氮破碎投入少、 运行成本低、 工艺操作简单。 ( 3 ) 本方案全部采用物理方式进行处理， 整个过程不产生废气、 废水、 废渣。
( 4 )适合我国劳动力资源丰富的实际情况， 工艺筒单， 操作容易， 设备制造成本 H
( 5 )适应我国当前家电以旧换新、 拉动内需、 促进经济发展的新形 势， 为当前废旧家电环保处理提供了一种新方法、 新设备。
( 6 )采用封闭式一体化工作间， 并通过通风、 喷雾、 除尘、 充氮、 静电接地、 主电路合闸控制、 急停控制、 报警及状态显示、 风门监测等 一系列安全措施， 除尘防爆， 解决了国内外废旧电冰箱及家电处理中的 防尘防漆难题， 安全环保。
(7)本发明的水箱处理后材料占比及细度具体数据参见图 9.
附图说明：
图 1为本发明生产线设备结构示意图
图 2为图 1的俯视图
图 3为双轴撕碎机结构示意图
图 4为辊轮破碎机结构示意图
图 5为混合破碎机结构示意图
图 6为筒式除铁器结构示意图
图 7为涡电流分选机结构示意图
图 8为图 7的俯视图
图 9为冰箱处理后材料占比及细度表
具体实施方式：
参见图 1、 图 2， 本发明的废旧电水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 包括手动拆解工位台、 冷媒回收装置、 依次连接的上料装 置、 带压料装置的双轴撕碎机、 第一皮带输送机、 辊轮破碎机、 第二皮 带输送机、 振动给料器、 筒式除铁器、 振动给料器、 涡电流分选机； 双 轴撕碎机、 第一皮带输送机和辊轮破碎机三者合起来可采用混合破碎机 替代； 在辊轮破碎机或混合破碎机区域还配套安装有旋风收集器、 除尘 器及风机， 旋风收集器的输入吸收管道与辊轮破碎机或混合破碎机顶部 及下料口顶部法兰连接连通， 除尘器的输入吸收管道则与旋风收集器的 输出管道相连接连通， 紧贴第二皮带输送机上面安装有永磁自卸式除铁 器； 上述上料装置至涡电流分选机的生产线设备全部安装在一个封闭式 一体化防爆除尘工作间内。
处理过程： 首先在前端拆解工位对废旧电水箱进行手动拆解， 拆 除手工易拆卸的塑料件（如冰箱顶盖、 抽屉、 隔板等）、 电线、 玻璃、 线路板， 然后在抽氟工位对压缩机内的制冷剂回收， 接着在后端拆解 工位手动拆除不宜用破碎机破碎的压缩机、 冷凝器， 经此工序可得到. 高純度的铁、 铜、 铝、 塑料等材料， 余下的箱体及门体（因它们是由 彩钢板、塑料内胆、聚氨酯保温层及部分冷凝管组成并全部连成一体， 用手工拆解无法分离）首先由上料装置将其送入双轴撕碎机进行初级 破碎， 分割成 200〜600mm (长） X40mm (宽） X4 Omm (厚）长条状物料， 行第二级破碎， 经过二级破碎后， 铁、 铜、 铝、 塑料及聚氨酯泡沫各 物料实现了完全分离， 完全分离后的物料先进行风力分选， 在旋风收 集器处收集粒径较小的聚氨酯泡沫， 尾气经除尘器除尘后达标排放， 其余物料落入皮带输送机，在其自动输送过程中由永磁自卸式除铁器 先将大块黑色金属铁分离出来，然后物料继续经皮带输送至振动给料 器， 振动给料器再将物料连续均勾地送入筒式除铁器， 筒式除铁器将 余下的小块铁全部分离出并落入接料车，余下的物料经筒式除铁器另 一下料斗落入振动给料器，通过振动给料器连续均勾地将物料送入涡 电流分选机， 将贵金属铜、 铝、 塑料及粗聚氨酯泡沫分离出来并分别 落入不同的接料车。 废旧电冰箱经过以上流程后可实现 95%以上的资 源回收再生利用， 真正实现变废为宝。
除手工拆解外， 其余工序采取全自动 /手动运行， 同时配置有多级通 风排风系统（分级启动， 采取大风量稀释易燃易爆的发泡剂环戊烷气体 及除尘通风， 实现安全生产）、 氮气保护装置（用于在两级破碎区域及除 尘区域进行氮气保护 （控制氧气含量（体积浓度）低于 8% )及发生危险 状况时启动再次保护）、 喷雾除尘降温装置、 环戊烷气体浓度在线监测及 报警控制、 聚氨酯粉尘浓度在线监测及报警控制、 温度在线监测及报警 控制、 主电路合闸控制、 多处设置急停按钮、 报警及状态显示、 风门监 测及全部设备进行可靠的防静电接地等安全措施， 确保生产安全。
参见图 3, 上料装置结构为： 上料斗安装在双轴撕碎机机架一侧， 上 料斗臂端通过转轴与双轴撕碎机机架连接， 上料斗臂中部与液压活塞杆 连接， 液压缸端部与双轴撕碎机机架连接。
双轴撕碎机结构为： 机架上的撕碎腔内安装有由 2 台大功率电机分 别带动的 2根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴及安装在旋转轴上的撕碎刀具， 撕碎腔上方安装进料斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘出口， 在进料斗的背 面机架上还安装有压料装置。
双轴撕碎机的运动原理及优点： 冰箱由上料装置送入进料斗后， 2台 大功率电机通过联轴器分别带动 2根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴相向旋转， 此时安装在旋转轴上的撕碎刀具对冰箱进行大扭矩的撕咬， 从而将冰箱 撕碎。 撕碎后物料为 200〜600腿（长） X40min (宽） X40mm (高）的长条块状。 该道破碎方式具有扭矩大、 低能耗、 低噪音、 低粉尘等特点， 特别适合 特大特厚的物料的破碎分离。
参见图 4， 辊轮破碎机结构为： 机架下安装有电机、 传动皮带及旋转 轴， 机架上安装破碎腔及出料腔， 破碎腔壁安装定刀， 破碎腔内的旋转 轴通过切刀支架安装有切刀， 旋转轴还通过辊轮支架及销轴安装有旋转 辊轮， 破碎腔下面为出料腔， 安装有刮料板， 破碎腔上部连接安装进料 斗， 进料斗顶部连接安装负压粉尘出口。
辊轮破碎机的工作原理： 各不同成份的混合物料由皮带输送机输送 至进料斗后， 电机通过皮带轮带动旋转轴旋转， 安装在旋转轴上的切刀 与安装在破碎腔壁上的定刀先对物料进行剪切， 然后物料继续下行， 安 装在辊轮支架上的旋转辊轮与销轴之间有很大的活动间隙。 当辊轮支架 随旋转轴公转时， 旋转辊轮一方面绕旋转轴旋转， 一方面又在离心力的 作用下又绕销轴自转， 此时旋转辊轮与安装在破碎腔壁上的定刀之间的 间隙则时大时小， 物料通过此间隙时则受到旋转辊轮与定刀的冲击、 剪 切、 挤压、 弯曲， 各种不同材质的物料进行分离并分别卷实， 然后由刮 料板将分离后的物料卸出。 同时物料在破碎过程中产生的粉尘由风机从 负压粉尘出口收集并过滤后环保排出。
特点： 该破碎机特别适用于厚度较薄、 强度较低的金属材料及各混 合物料的破碎及分离， 如汽车外壳，水箱外壳，电脑主机箱等废旧物资的 回收破碎。
参见图 5， 混合破碎机其结构为： 机架下部装有电机、 传动皮带及旋 转轴， 机架上安装破碎腔及出料腔， 破碎腔壁安装定刀， 破碎腔内的旋 转轴通过切刀支架安装有切刀， 旋转轴还通过辊轮支架及销轴安装有旋 转辊轮， 破碎腔下面为出料腔， 安装有刮料板； 破碎腔上部连接安装有 撕碎腔， 撕碎腔内安装有由 2台大功率电机带动的 2根大角度六角柱强 力旋转轴， 以及安装在强力旋转轴上的撕碎刀具， 撕碎腔上方安装进料 斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘出口。
各种不同成份的物料经皮带输送机输送至破碎腔 1 后， 首先由大角 度六角柱强力旋转轴带动的撕碎刀具 （相向旋转） 将物料撕碎成
400_600mm (长） X40mm (宽） 讓（高）的长条块状， 撕碎后的物料落入破 碎腔 2， 然后在旋转辊轮的冲击、 剪切、 挤压、 弯曲下， 各不同组分的物 料完全分离， 分离后的物料由刮料板送至出料口。 在整个破碎过程中， 采用负压收集粉尘及各类有害或易爆气体， 并采用氮气对破碎及输送过 程进行保护。
该机集两种破碎方式于一体， 能实现物料的粗碎及细碎的两种分离， 具有占地面积小， 投资少、 降低粉尘排放及易于对破碎过程进行除尘及 防爆保护等优点。
双轴撕碎破碎方式（第 1级破碎）的运动原理及优点： 由 2 台电机 分别带动 2根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴相向旋转， 此时安装在旋转轴上 的撕碎刀具对物料进行大扭矩的撕咬， 从而将物料撕碎。 该道破碎方式 具有扭矩大、 低能耗、 低噪音、 低粉尘等特点， 特别适合特大特厚的物 料的破碎分离。
旋转辊轮破碎方式（第 2级破碎）的运动原理： 由电机 1通过皮带 轮带动旋转轴 2旋转， 安装在旋转轴 2上的切刀与安装在破碎腔壁上的 定刀先对物料进行剪切， 然后物料继续下行， 安装在辊轮支架上的旋转 辊轮与销轴之间有很大的活动间隙。 当辊轮支架随旋转轴 2公转时， 旋 转辊轮一方面绕旋转轴 2旋转， 一方面又在离心力的作用下又绕销轴自 转， 此时旋转辊轮与安装在破碎腔壁上的定刀之间的间隙则时大时小， 物料通过此间隙时则受到旋转辊轮与定刀之间的冲击、 剪切、 挤压、 弯 曲， 各种不同材质的物料进行分离并分别卷实， 然后由刮料板将分离后 的物料卸出。 同时物料在破碎过程中产生的粉尘由风机从负压粉尘出口 收集并过滤后环保排出。
参见图 6， 筒式除铁器结构为： 在机架内安装有不锈钢滚筒， 不锈钢 滚筒内壁安装有小半边圆弧形永磁磁性材料 , 进料边沿不锈钢滚筒上部 的切线方向安装， 机架下部前后分别具有非磁性物料出口和磁性物料出 D。
原理： 当物料流经筒式除铁器时， 铁及铁的氧化物杂质在永磁磁性 材料磁场力的作用下被吸附于不锈钢滚筒表面并随滚筒顺时针转动， 当 转动至脱离磁场作用区时， 受重力作用， 从不锈钢滚筒表面脱落并从铁 磁性物料出口处掉至运载小车。 其余非磁性物料只受重力作用直接从非 磁性物料出口排出， 实现物料的自动除铁。 整个过程连续不断的进行， 系统稳定可靠。
参见图 7、 图 8， 涡电流分选机结构为： 在机架上安装有第一电机及 由第一电机带动高速旋转的高强永磁材料滚筒， 与此同时， 机架上还安 装有第二电机及由第二电机带动的皮带滚筒及输送皮带， 输送皮带置于 高强永磁材料滚筒上方， 在输送皮带末端下方的机架前后位置分别安装 有色金属出口和非金属物质出口。
涡电流分选机是利用物质导电性不同的一种分选技术， 其分选原理' 是利用电机 2 带动高强永磁材料滚筒高速旋转， 产生一个具有交替变化 的磁场， 当具有电导度性能的有色金属通过电机 1 带动的皮带输送至高 强永磁材料滚筒时， 会在有色金属内感应出涡电流。 此涡电流本身会产 生交替变换的磁场并与高强永磁材料滚筒转动所产生的磁场方向相反， 此时有色金属则会因磁场的相斥作用而沿其输送方向跳出来， 从有色金 属出口排出。 非金属物料剩在输送带上， 从皮带末端落下， 由非金属物 质出口排出， 因而与其他玻璃， 塑料等非金属物质分离开来， 达到分选 的目的。
本发明安全系统组成：
1.生产线设置独立的安全电控拒，对双轴撕碎机、 辊轮破碎机及防爆 除尘器等区域的环戊烷气体浓度、聚氨酯粉尘浓度及温度实施监测报警、 自动喷雾除尘、 自动氮气保护、 围房内通风 /排风系统控制、 急停控制、 主电路合闸控制、 报警及状态显示、 风门监测等。
2.在废旧电水箱贮存区域的异丁烷排放口、 环戊烷气体的室外排放 口区域采取防直接雷、 防雷电波侵入和防雷电感应的措施， 如设置可靠 的避雷针及接地线。
3. 对冰箱拆解及处理车间设置有火灾自动报警系统及自动喷淋系 统。
4. 对废旧电水箱处理生产线所有设备实施可靠接地， 防止静电的产 生。
安全控制方法及原理：
1. 为预防废旧电水箱处理区域内环戊烷气体、 异丁烷气体、 聚氨 酯泡
沫粉尘的泄漏及聚集而造成爆炸， 该生产线除手工拆解部分外， 其余所有处理设备全部放置在一封闭围房内， 并设计通风排风装置， 并 进行风压 /流量监测， 通过大风量通风排风稀释环戊烷气体、 异丁烷 气体、聚氨酯泡沫粉尘浓度并确保它们在空气中的体积浓度低于其爆 炸下限 40%。 同时通风排风系统设置独立的备用电源， 采用双电源切 换箱供电， 末端切换， 以防正常供电系统发生故障时设备仍能继续进 行排风操作。
2. 由于废旧电冰箱在破碎过程中会有大量的粉尘产生及在破碎 无氟冰箱时会有发泡剂环戊烷等溢出， 因此对双轴撕碎机、 辊轮破碎 机及防爆集尘器区域分别进行环戊烷气体浓度、聚氨酯粉尘浓度及温 度的连续安全监控，并进行分级报警（分别设置二级报警及一级报警） 和安全控制。 同时对双轴撕碎机、 辊轮破碎机及防爆集尘器区域的破 碎、 输送及除尘全过程采用氮气保护， 控制氧气含量（体积浓度）低于
8%。
3. 为降低废旧电冰箱在撕碎、 细碎过程及皮带输送过程中聚氨酯泡 沫粉尘的浓度， 设计喷雾除尘装置。 在生产过程中对双轴撕碎机、 辊 轮破碎机及输送带之间持续不断地喷雾。
4. 当系统接收到双轴撕碎机、 辊轮破碎机及防爆集尘器区域环 戊烷气体探头或聚氨酯粉尘探头发出一级报警信号时，立即打开相关 区域的氮气气控阀门， 对相关区域再次进行喷氮保护。
5. 在围房内处理区域多处安装有急停按钮， 当该生产线出现意 外情况时， 操作工可以按下任意 1个急停按钮， 安全区内的生产线全 部断电、 停机（监测报警系统及通风排风系统电源除外）。
6. 整套处理线设计集中报警控制系统， 对所有釆集的数据进行 集中控制及处理。 并配备不间断电源， 在停电等紧急情况下， 确保报 警系统可以正常工作。
7. 为防止静电产生， 该生产线的所有设备及电气控制和通风排 风系统全部都可靠接地。
8. 当贮存采用异丁烷作制冷剂的废旧电冰箱时， 由于异丁烷为易燃 易爆物品， 因此在贮存区域设置围栏， 并在此处严禁任何火源及设置防 直接雷、 防雷电波侵入和防雷电感应的措施。
9. 由于废旧电冰箱在处理过程存在易燃易爆气体及粉尘， 因此为了 安全生产， 在冰箱^^解及处理车间设置有火灾自动 4艮警系统及自动喷淋 系统。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种废旧电水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的方法为： 其特征在 于：
1 ) 在生产线前端拆解工位， 人工对废旧电冰箱拆解， 从箱体上拆 下可单独拆卸的塑料件、 电器盒、 电线、 玻璃、 线路板；
2 ) 在生产线中段抽氟工位， 采用冷媒回收装置对压缩机内的制冷 剂进行回收；
3 ) 在生产线后端拆解工位， 手动拆除不宜用破碎机破碎的压缩机、 冷凝器；
4 ) 将余下的箱体及门通过上料装置送入双轴撕碎机进行初级破碎， 然后由皮带输送机将初级破碎后的物料送至辊轮破碎机进行第二级破 碎； 或者将余下的箱体及门通过上料装置送入混合破碎机进行破碎；
5 ) 将上述破碎后的物料进行风力分选， 旋风收集器收集粒径较小 的聚氨酯泡沫， 尾气经除尘器除尘后达标排放；
6 ) 将上述其余物料落入皮带输送机， 在其自动输送过程中途经永 磁自卸式除铁器， 将大块黑色金属铁分离出来；
7 ) 物料最后经皮带输送机送至振动给料器， 振动给料器再将物料 均匀连续地送入筒式除铁器进行磁选， 将未分离出的余下小块铁全部分 离出来， 并经筒式除铁器的一个料斗落入接料车；
8 ) 最后余下的物料经筒式除铁器另一个料斗落入振动给料器， 然 后振动给料器连续均勾地将破碎物料送入涡电流分选机， 将贵金属铜、 铝、 塑料及粗聚氨酯泡沫分离出来， 并分别落入不同的接料车， 实现 95 %以上的资源回收再生利用；
9 ) 将破碎机至涡电流分选机的设备全部置于封闭式一体化工作 间内， 配置有多级通风排风系统、 氮气保护装置、 喷雾除尘降温装置、 环戊烷气体浓度在线监测及报警控制装置、 聚氨酯粉尘浓度在线监测及 报警控制装置、 温度在线检测及报警控制装置、 静电接地、 主电路 '会闸 控制、 急停控制、 报警及状态显示、 风门监测等的安全设施， 除尘防爆 安全生产。
2、 一种废旧电水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的生产线设备， 其特 征在于包括手动拆解工位台、 冷媒回收装置、 依次连接的上料装置、 带 压料装置的双轴撕碎机、 第一皮带输送机、 辊轮破碎机、 第二皮带输送 机、 振动给料器及筒式除铁器、 振动给料器及涡电流分选机； 双轴撕碎 机、 第一皮带输送机和辊轮破碎机三者合起来可采用混合破碎机替代； 在辊轮破碎机或混合破碎机区域还配套安装有旋风收集器、 除尘器及风 机， 旋风收集器的输入吸收管道与辊轮破碎机或混合破碎机顶部及下料 口顶部法兰连接连通， 除尘器的输入吸收管道则与旋风收集器的输出管 道相连通； 紧贴第二皮带输送机上面安装有永磁自卸式除铁器； 上述上 料装置至涡电流分选机的生产线设备系统全部安装在一个封闭式一体化 防爆除尘工作间内。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的废旧电水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 其特征在于上料装置结构为： 上料斗安装在双轴撕碎机机 架一侧， 上料斗臂端通过转轴与双轴撕碎机机架连接， 上料斗臂中部与 液压活塞杆连接， 液压缸端部与双轴撕碎机机架连接。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的废旧电;水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 其特征在于双轴撕碎机结构为： 机架上的撕碎腔内安装有 由 2台大功率电机分别带动的 2根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴及安装在旋 转轴上的撕碎刀具， 撕碎腔上方安装进料斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘 出口， 在进料斗的背面机架上还安装有压料装置。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 其特征在于辊轮破碎机结构为： 机架下安装有电机、 传动 皮带及旋转轴， 机腔内分为破碎腔及出料腔， 破碎腔壁四周装有由螺栓 联接固定的定刀， 破碎腔内的旋转轴上装有切刀支架和辊轮安装圆盘， 切刀支架上装有切刀， 辊轮安装圆盘通过销轴安装有旋转带齿辊轮； 破 碎腔下面为出料腔， 安装有刮料板， 刮料板固定在旋转轴上， 破碎腔上 部连接进料斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘出口。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 其特征在于混合破碎机其结构为： 机架下部装有电机、 传 动皮带及旋转轴， 机架上安装破碎腔及出料腔， 破碎腔壁安装定刀， 破 碎腔内的旋转轴通过切刀支架安装有切刀 , 旋转轴还通过辊轮支架及销 轴安装有旋转带齿辊轮， 破碎腔下面为出料腔， 安装有刮料板； 破碎腔 上部连接安装有撕碎腔，撕碎腔内安装有由 2台大功率电机分别带动的 2 根大角度六角柱强力旋转轴， 以及安装在强力旋转轴上的撕碎刀具， 撕 碎腔上方安装进料斗， 进料斗顶部连接负压粉尘出口。
7、 根据权利要求 2所述的废旧电水箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 其特征在于筒式除铁器结构为： 在机架内安装有不锈钢滚 筒， 不锈钢滚筒内壁安装有小半边圆弧形永磁磁性材料， 进料边沿不锈 钢滚筒上部的切线方向安装， 机架下部前后分别具有非磁性物料出口和 磁性物料出口。
8、 根据权利要求 2所述的废旧电冰箱无害化处理与资源高效回收的 生产线设备， 其特征在于涡电流分选机结构为： 在机架上安装有第一电 机及由第一电机带动高速旋转的高强永磁材料滚筒， 与此同时， 机架上 还安装有第二电机及由第二电机带动的皮带滚筒及输送皮带， 输送皮带 置于高强永磁材料滚筒上方， 在输送皮带末端下方的机架前后位置分别 安装有色金属出口和非金属物质出口。
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