WO2011033581A1 - 倒立振子型車両の制御装置 - Google Patents
倒立振子型車両の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011033581A1 WO2011033581A1 PCT/JP2009/004732 JP2009004732W WO2011033581A1 WO 2011033581 A1 WO2011033581 A1 WO 2011033581A1 JP 2009004732 W JP2009004732 W JP 2009004732W WO 2011033581 A1 WO2011033581 A1 WO 2011033581A1
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- speed
- component
- value
- control
- processing mode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K1/00—Unicycles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K11/00—Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
- B62K11/007—Automatic balancing machines with single main ground engaging wheel or coaxial wheels supporting a rider
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for an inverted pendulum type vehicle that can move on a floor surface.
- inverted pendulum type vehicle in which an occupant's riding section is assembled to a base body on which a moving operation section that moves on the floor and an actuator device that drives the moving operation section is assembled is tiltable in the vertical direction. More known.
- This inverted pendulum type vehicle moves the moving operation part in such a way that the fulcrum of the inverted pendulum is moved in order to keep the inclination angle of the riding section at a certain target inclination angle (in order to prevent the riding section from tilting). It is a vehicle that needs to be
- a vehicle base on which a passenger's riding section is assembled is provided so as to be tiltable about two axes, a front-rear axis and a left-right axis, with respect to a spherical moving operation unit.
- the drive torque of the motor is sequentially determined so that the deviation from the value approaches 0. Then, the movement operation of the movement operation unit is controlled via the motor in accordance with the determined drive torque.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object thereof is to provide an inverted pendulum type vehicle control device capable of appropriately controlling fluctuations in the moving speed of a vehicle in accordance with the operation state of the vehicle. To do.
- a control device for an inverted pendulum type vehicle includes a moving operation unit that can move on a floor surface, an actuator device that drives the moving operation unit, and the moving operation unit and actuator device.
- a control unit for an inverted pendulum type vehicle comprising: a base body assembled with; and an occupant riding portion of the occupant assembled to the base body so as to be tiltable with respect to a vertical direction, An inclination angle measuring means for generating an output corresponding to an actual inclination angle of the riding section; Representative point speed measuring means for generating an output corresponding to the moving speed of the predetermined representative point of the vehicle;
- a moving operation unit control that determines a control operation amount that defines a driving force applied to the moving operation unit, and controls the moving operation of the moving operation unit via the actuator device according to the determined control operation amount.
- the moving operation unit control means has a first processing mode and a predetermined value during execution of the processing in the first processing mode as a processing mode for determining the control operation amount in a state where an occupant is on the riding unit. And the second processing mode that shifts from the first processing mode when the first condition is satisfied, and in the first processing mode, the inclination angle of the riding section indicated by the output of the inclination angle measuring means is measured.
- An inclination deviation that is a deviation between a value and a predetermined target inclination angle, and a speed deviation that is a deviation between a measured value of the representative point moving speed indicated by the output of the representative point speed measuring means and a predetermined target moving speed The control operation amount is determined according to at least the tilt deviation and the speed deviation so as to be close to “0”.
- the measurement value of the moving speed of the representative point or the representative point is determined.
- Measured value of moving speed The sensitivity of the change in the control operation amount with respect to the change in the component in the predetermined direction is relatively lower than that in the first processing mode, and at least the tilt deviation of the tilt deviation and the speed deviation is “0”.
- the control operation amount is determined in accordance with at least the inclination deviation so as to approach the distance (first invention).
- floor does not mean a floor in a normal sense (such as an indoor floor) but also includes an outdoor ground or road surface.
- the moving operation unit control means determines the control operation amount so that the tilt deviation and the speed deviation are close to “0”. For this reason, when the actual movement speed of the representative point, and hence the speed deviation, tends to fluctuate due to fluctuations in the actual inclination angle of the riding section, the driving force that suppresses the fluctuation is given to the movement operation unit.
- the control operation amount is determined to be given.
- the moving operation unit control means executes the processing of the second processing mode.
- the movement operation unit control means determines the control operation amount with respect to a change in a component in a predetermined direction of the measurement value of the movement speed of the representative point or the measurement value of the movement speed of the representative point.
- the control operation amount is determined so that at least the inclination deviation of the inclination deviation and the speed deviation approaches “0” while making the sensitivity of the change relatively lower than in the first processing mode.
- the sensitivity is relatively lower than that in the first processing mode. This means that the sensitivity becomes “0” (the control operation amount is a measured value of the moving speed of the representative point or the representative point.
- the measurement value of the moving speed does not depend on the change of the component in the predetermined direction is also included.
- the driving force applied to the moving operation unit changes with respect to a change in a component in a predetermined direction of the actual moving speed of the representative point or the moving speed of the representative point. It becomes difficult or no longer changes. For this reason, automatic control of the actual moving speed of the representative point is eased or eliminated. Therefore, the moving speed of the representative point is easily changed flexibly by an external force or the like.
- the first aspect of the present invention it is possible to appropriately control the fluctuation of the moving speed of the vehicle according to the operation state of the vehicle.
- the predetermined first condition for example, a condition relating to a vehicle operating state, a steering operation state, an environmental state, and the like can be employed.
- the center of gravity of the entire occupant and vehicle boarded on the riding section can be used.
- the predetermined target moving speed related to the moving speed of the representative point for example, a speed whose magnitude is a value within a predetermined range (including “0”) in the vicinity of “0” may be adopted. Conceivable. In this case, it is possible to keep the actual moving speed of the representative point at “0” or almost “0” in a state where the tilt deviation is “0” or almost “0”. It becomes.
- the predetermined target inclination angle related to the inclination angle of the riding section for example, a portion that can be tilted integrally with the riding section of the whole of the passenger and the vehicle boarded on the riding section (A state where the center of gravity of the whole of the occupant (including the occupant) is located immediately above or almost immediately above the tilting center (tilting fulcrum) of the riding section (that is, the moment generated around the tilting center by gravity acting on the center of gravity) It is preferable to adopt the inclination angle of the riding section in a state where “0” or almost “0”.
- the moving operation unit is configured to be movable in a predetermined direction on the floor surface, and the riding unit is around one axis in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined one direction. It may be assembled to the base body so as to be freely tiltable.
- the moving operation unit is configured to be movable in all directions including a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other on the floor surface, and the riding unit is configured to be an axis in the first direction. It may be assembled to the base body so as to be tiltable about two axes, the periphery and the axis in the second direction.
- the moving operation unit control unit is configured to include a first inclination deviation component that is a component around the axis in the second direction of the inclination deviation and an axis around the first direction.
- a second inclination deviation component as a component, a first speed deviation component as a component in the first direction of the speed deviation, and a second speed deviation component as a component in the second direction are each set to “0”.
- the control operation amount is determined so as to approach, and in the second processing mode, the sensitivity of the change in the control operation amount with respect to the change in at least the component in the first direction among the measured values of the moving speed of the representative point. Is relatively lower than in the first processing mode, and at least a first inclination deviation component of the first inclination deviation component, the second inclination deviation component, the first speed deviation component, and the second speed deviation component. And the second slope deviation component approaches “0” It is preferable to determine the control operation amount so that (second invention).
- the fact that the moving operation section is “movable in all directions including the first direction and the second direction” means that the axial direction is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction.
- the direction of the velocity vector of the moving operation unit at each moment when viewed in the above can take any angle direction around the axial direction by driving the moving operation unit by the actuator device.
- the axial direction is generally a vertical direction or a direction perpendicular to the floor surface.
- “orthogonal” in the present invention is not necessarily orthogonal in the strict sense, and may be slightly deviated from orthogonal in the strict meaning without departing from the essence of the present invention.
- the movement speed of the representative point in the first processing mode, is stabilized in all directions including the first direction and the second direction while the inclination deviation is kept substantially constant.
- the nature will increase.
- the moving speed of the representative point in at least the first direction is easily changed flexibly. Therefore, the moving speed of the representative point in at least the first direction can be freely changed in a desired form.
- the sensitivity of the change in the control operation amount with respect to the change in the component in the second direction in the measured value of the moving speed of the representative point is the same as that in the first processing mode.
- a mode different from the first processing mode can be adopted.
- the moving operation unit control means In the two processing mode, the sensitivity of the change in the control operation amount relative to the change in the component in the first direction among the measured values of the moving speed of the representative point is relatively lower than that in the first processing mode.
- the first inclination is set such that the sensitivity of the change in the control operation amount with respect to the change in the component in the second direction in the measurement value of the moving speed of the representative point is not lower than that in the first processing mode.
- the second inclination deviation component In order to bring at least the first inclination deviation component, the second inclination deviation component, and the second speed deviation component out of the deviation component, the second inclination deviation component, the first speed deviation component, and the second speed deviation component closer to “0”. At least Tilt error component, it is preferable to determine the control operation amount in accordance with the second inclination difference component and the second speed deviation component (third invention).
- the movement speed of the representative point in the second processing mode, can be flexibly changed in the front-rear direction (first direction) of the occupant, while the occupant left-right direction (second ), The fluctuation of the moving speed of the representative point is suppressed to be equal to or stronger than that in the first processing mode.
- the component in the front-rear direction of the occupant of the moving speed of the representative point is likely to change, but the component in the left-right direction of the occupant is difficult to change.
- the vehicle is moved in the front-rear direction of the occupant or in a direction close thereto.
- the third aspect of the present invention when the vehicle is moved in the front-rear direction of the occupant or in a direction close to the occupant as described above, It can suppress that the moving speed of a representative point fluctuates in the left-right direction. The vehicle maneuvering operation for moving the vehicle in the front-rear direction of the occupant or in a direction close thereto is facilitated.
- the moving operation unit is movable on the floor surface in at least the first direction as the predetermined direction
- the control operation amount is the movement operation of the moving operation unit in the first direction. It includes at least a first control operation amount that defines a driving force applied to the moving operation unit for control.
- the moving operation unit control means includes a first a manipulated variable component obtained by multiplying the inclination deviation around the axis in a direction orthogonal to the first direction by a first a gain coefficient.
- the first control operation amount by a first combining process that combines a plurality of predetermined operation amount components including a first b operation amount component obtained by multiplying the speed deviation in the first direction by a first b gain coefficient. To decide. Further, in the second processing mode, the moving operation unit control means is configured to multiply the speed deviation in the first direction by a first c gain having an absolute value smaller than the first b gain coefficient.
- a representative value in the first direction variably determined in accordance with the measured value so as to match or follow the measured value of the quantity component, the moving speed of the representative point in the first direction, and the measured value
- the first synthesis that uses any one of the first d manipulated variable component obtained by multiplying the deviation from the target moving speed of the point by the first d gain coefficient and “0” instead of the first b manipulated variable component.
- the operation amount for the first control is determined by processing (fourth invention).
- the moving operation unit control means synthesizes a plurality of predetermined operation amount components including at least the first a operation amount component and the first b operation amount component.
- the first control operation amount for controlling the movement operation of the movement operation unit in the first direction is determined by the first synthesis process. As a result, the first control operation amount can be determined so that the tilt deviation and the speed deviation are close to “0”.
- the moving operation unit control means uses any one of the first c manipulated variable component, the first d manipulated variable component, and “0” instead of the first b manipulated variable component.
- the first control operation amount is determined by the first synthesis process. Accordingly, in the second processing mode, the sensitivity of the change in the control operation amount with respect to the change in at least the component in the first direction among the measured values of the moving speed of the representative point is higher than that in the first processing mode. It can be made relatively low. As a result, the moving speed of the representative point in the first direction can be flexibly changed by an external force or the like.
- the control operation amount defines a driving force applied to the moving operation unit in order to control the moving operation of the moving operation unit in the first direction.
- the movement operation unit control means is configured to multiply a first a manipulated variable component obtained by multiplying at least the first inclination deviation component by a first a gain coefficient and a first b gain to the first speed deviation component.
- the first control operation amount is determined by a first combining process for combining a predetermined plurality of types of operation amount components including the first b operation amount component multiplied by a coefficient, and at least the second inclination deviation component is Multiply by 2a gain factor a second control process for synthesizing a plurality of predetermined operation amount components including an a operation amount component and a second b operation amount component obtained by multiplying the second speed deviation component by a second b gain coefficient. It is preferable to determine the operation amount.
- the moving operation unit control means includes a first c manipulated variable component obtained by multiplying the first speed deviation by a first c gain having an absolute value smaller than the first b gain coefficient, The target of the representative point in the first direction variably determined in accordance with the component in the first direction of the measurement value of the moving speed of the representative point so as to match or follow the component.
- the first control operation amount is determined, and the second control operation amount is determined by the second synthesis process that is the same as the first process mode (fifth invention).
- the movement speed of the representative point in the first direction can be flexed by an external force or the like, as in the fourth aspect of the invention. Can be changed.
- the second control operation amount is determined by the same second synthesis process in the first process mode and the second process mode. For this reason, controllability with respect to the target moving speed of the moving speed of the representative point in the second direction is enhanced in both the first processing mode and the second processing mode. As a result, fluctuations in the moving speed of the representative point in the second direction can be suppressed.
- the fifth invention is particularly preferably combined with the third invention. According to this, the restraint property of the moving speed of the representative point in the left-right direction of the occupant can be improved while increasing the flexibility of the moving speed of the representative point in the front-rear direction of the occupant. As a result, the maneuverability of the vehicle is enhanced.
- the second control operation amount may be determined by the same method as the first control operation amount.
- the moving operation unit control means resumes the process in the first process mode when a predetermined second condition is satisfied during the execution of the process in the second process mode. It is preferable to do this (the sixth invention).
- the vehicle when the second condition is satisfied, the vehicle returns to the first processing mode from the second processing mode, so that the vehicle is operated in the first processing mode and the vehicle is in the second processing mode. Can be selectively performed in accordance with the operating conditions of the vehicle.
- the sixth aspect of the invention further comprises acceleration request determination means for determining whether or not an acceleration request, which is a request for increasing the moving speed of the representative point, has occurred.
- acceleration request determination means for determining whether or not an acceleration request, which is a request for increasing the moving speed of the representative point, has occurred.
- the determination result of the acceleration request determination means becomes affirmative, that is, when the acceleration request is generated, execution of the processing in the second processing mode is started. For this reason, it is possible to smoothly increase the moving speed of the representative point in a situation where an acceleration request is generated.
- the moving operation unit control means is configured to execute a state in which the determination result of the acceleration request determination means is negative for a predetermined time during execution of the processing in the second processing mode. It is preferable that the processing in the first processing mode is restarted assuming that the predetermined second condition is satisfied (eighth invention).
- the processing mode when the state in which the acceleration request is generated continuously or intermittently is resolved, the processing mode can be maintained in the second processing mode until a predetermined time elapses after the cancellation. For this reason, it is possible to continue the state in which the driving force applied to the moving operation unit is hardly affected by the moving speed of the representative point in a certain period after the moving speed of the representative point is increased. As a result, after the movement speed of the representative point is increased, a driving force that positively changes the movement speed of the representative point is generated by the occupant maintaining the inclination angle of the riding section. Can be prevented from being granted. As a result, it is possible to realize a state in which the vehicle slides due to inertial force without special operation by the occupant after the movement speed of the representative point is increased.
- the acceleration request determining means is at least a temporal change rate of a measured value of the moving speed of the representative point or the predetermined value of the measured value. It is preferable to determine whether or not the acceleration request is generated based on a speed change rate that is a temporal change rate of the magnitude of the direction component (the ninth invention).
- the acceleration request determination means determines whether or not the acceleration request has occurred based on at least the speed change rate, so that the determination is based on the actual operating state of the vehicle. Can be judged. As a result, the transition from the first processing mode to the second processing mode can be performed at an appropriate timing in accordance with the actual operation state of the vehicle.
- an acceleration request is generated as a necessary condition (or necessary and sufficient condition) for determining that an acceleration request has occurred when the speed change rate is greater than a predetermined threshold value. It is conceivable to determine whether or not it has been done.
- the occupant when the riding section is configured such that an occupant who has boarded the riding section can land his / her feet at any time, the occupant can
- the external force can be applied to the vehicle by kicking the floor.
- an external force may be appropriately applied to the vehicle by an operator or assistant outside the vehicle, or an appropriate device.
- the front view of the inverted pendulum type vehicle of embodiment The side view of the inverted pendulum type vehicle of embodiment.
- the flowchart which shows the process of the control unit of the inverted pendulum type vehicle of embodiment.
- the block diagram which shows the processing function of the gain adjustment part shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the processing function of the limit process part (or limit process part shown in FIG. 12) shown in FIG.
- limiting part 76 shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the processing function of the attitude
- the block diagram which shows the processing function regarding the process of STEP9 of FIG. 7 in 2nd Embodiment. 18 is a flowchart showing processing of a speed gain adjustment unit 106 shown in FIG.
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle 1 is omnidirectional (front-rear direction and left-right direction) on the floor surface while being grounded on the floor surface of the occupant (driver).
- a moving operation unit 5 movable in all directions including two directions
- an actuator device 7 for applying power for driving the moving operation unit 5 to the moving operation unit 5, and the riding unit 3,
- a base 9 on which the operating unit 5 and the actuator device 7 are assembled.
- front-rear direction and “left-right direction” respectively match or substantially coincide with the front-rear direction and the left-right direction of the upper body of the occupant who has boarded the riding section 3 in a standard posture.
- Means direction Note that the “standard posture” is a posture assumed by design with respect to the riding section 3, and the trunk axis of the occupant's upper body is generally directed vertically and the upper body is not twisted. It is posture.
- the “front-rear direction” and the “left-right direction” are the direction perpendicular to the paper surface and the left-right direction of the paper surface, respectively.
- FIG. It is the left-right direction of the paper surface and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the suffixes “R” and “L” attached to the reference numerals are used to mean the right side and the left side of the vehicle 1, respectively.
- the base 9 includes a lower frame 11 to which the moving operation unit 5 and the actuator device 7 are assembled, and a support frame 13 extending upward from the upper end of the lower frame 11.
- a seat frame 15 projecting forward from the support frame 13 is fixed to the top of the support frame 13.
- a seat 3 on which an occupant sits is mounted on the seat frame 15.
- this seat 3 is a passenger's boarding part. Therefore, the inverted pendulum type vehicle 1 (hereinafter, simply referred to as the vehicle 1) in the present embodiment moves on the floor surface while the occupant is seated on the seat 3.
- grips 17R and 17L are disposed for the passengers seated on the seat 3 to grip as necessary. These grips 17R and 17L are respectively provided to the support frame 13 (or the seat frame 15). It is being fixed to the front-end
- the lower frame 11 includes a pair of cover members 21R and 21L arranged to face each other in a bifurcated manner with an interval in the left-right direction.
- the upper end portions (bifurcated branch portions) of these cover members 21R and 21L are connected via a hinge shaft 23 having a longitudinal axis, and one of the cover members 21R and 21L is hinged relative to the other. It can swing around the shaft 23.
- the cover members 21R and 21L are urged by a spring (not shown) in a direction in which the lower end side (the bifurcated tip side) of the cover members 21R and 21L is narrowed.
- a step 25R for placing the right foot of the occupant seated on the seat 3 and a step 25L for placing the left foot are respectively projected so as to protrude rightward and leftward.
- the moving operation unit 5 and the actuator device 7 are disposed between the cover members 21R and 21L of the lower frame 11.
- the structures of the moving operation unit 5 and the actuator device 7 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the moving operation unit 5 is a wheel body formed in an annular shape from a rubber-like elastic material, and has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. Due to its elastic deformation, the moving operation unit 5 (hereinafter referred to as the wheel body 5) has a circular cross section center C1 (more specifically, a circular cross section center C1 as shown by an arrow Y1 in FIGS. 5 and 6). And can be rotated around a circumferential line that is concentric with the axis of the wheel body 5.
- the wheel body 5 is disposed between the cover members 21R and 21L with its axis C2 (axis C2 orthogonal to the diameter direction of the entire wheel body 5) directed in the left-right direction. Ground to the floor at the lower end of the outer peripheral surface.
- the wheel body 5 rotates around the axis C2 of the wheel body 5 as shown by an arrow Y2 in FIG. 5 (operation to rotate on the floor surface) by driving by the actuator device 7 (details will be described later). And an operation of rotating around the cross-sectional center C1 of the wheel body 5 can be performed. As a result, the wheel body 5 can move in all directions on the floor surface by a combined operation of these rotational operations.
- the actuator device 7 includes a rotating member 27R and a free roller 29R interposed between the wheel body 5 and the right cover member 21R, and a rotating member interposed between the wheel body 5 and the left cover member 17L. 27L and a free roller 29L, an electric motor 31R as an actuator disposed above the rotating member 27R and the free roller 29R, and an electric motor 31L as an actuator disposed above the rotating member 27L and the free roller 29L. .
- the electric motors 31R and 31L have their respective housings attached to the cover members 21R and 21L. Although illustration is omitted, the power sources (capacitors) of the electric motors 31 ⁇ / b> R and 31 ⁇ / b> L are mounted at appropriate positions on the base 9 such as the support frame 13.
- the rotating member 27R is rotatably supported by the cover member 21R via a support shaft 33R having a horizontal axis.
- the rotation member 27L is rotatably supported by the cover member 21L via a support shaft 33L having a horizontal axis.
- the rotation axis of the rotation member 27R (axis of the support shaft 33R) and the rotation axis of the rotation member 27L (axis of the support shaft 33L) are coaxial.
- the rotating members 27R and 27L are connected to the output shafts of the electric motors 31R and 31L via power transmission mechanisms including functions as speed reducers, respectively, and the power (torque) transmitted from the electric motors 31R and 31L, respectively. It is rotationally driven by.
- Each power transmission mechanism is of a pulley-belt type, for example. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotating member 27R is connected to the output shaft of the electric motor 31R via the pulley 35R and the belt 37R. Similarly, the rotating member 27L is connected to the output shaft of the electric motor 31L via a pulley 35L and a belt 37L.
- the power transmission mechanism may be constituted by, for example, a sprocket and a link chain, or may be constituted by a plurality of gears.
- the electric motors 31R and 31L are arranged to face the rotating members 27R and 27L so that the respective output shafts are coaxial with the rotating members 27R and 27L, and the electric motors 31R and 31L are respectively arranged.
- the output shaft may be connected to each of the rotating members 27R and 27L via a speed reducer (such as a planetary gear device).
- Each rotary member 27R, 27L is formed in the same shape as a truncated cone that is reduced in diameter toward the wheel body 5, and the outer peripheral surfaces thereof are tapered outer peripheral surfaces 39R, 39L.
- a plurality of free rollers 29R are arranged around the tapered outer peripheral surface 39R of the rotating member 27R so as to be arranged at equal intervals on a circumference concentric with the rotating member 27R.
- Each of these free rollers 29R is attached to the tapered outer peripheral surface 39R via a bracket 41R and is rotatably supported by the bracket 41R.
- a plurality (the same number as the free rollers 29R) of free rollers 29L are arranged around the tapered outer peripheral surface 39L of the rotating member 27L so as to be arranged at equal intervals on a circumference concentric with the rotating member 27L. Yes.
- Each of these free rollers 29L is attached to the taper outer peripheral surface 39L via the bracket 41L, and is rotatably supported by the bracket 41L.
- the wheel body 5 is arranged coaxially with the rotating members 27R and 27L so as to be sandwiched between the free roller 29R on the rotating member 27R side and the free roller 29L on the rotating member 27L side.
- each of the free rollers 29 ⁇ / b> R and 29 ⁇ / b> L has the axis C ⁇ b> 3 inclined with respect to the axis C ⁇ b> 2 of the wheel body 5 and the diameter direction of the wheel body 5 (the wheel body 5.
- the axis C2 When viewed in the direction of the axis C2, it is arranged in a posture inclined with respect to the radial direction connecting the axis C2 and the free rollers 29R and 29L. In such a posture, the outer peripheral surfaces of the free rollers 29R and 29L are in pressure contact with the inner peripheral surface of the wheel body 5 in an oblique direction.
- the free roller 29R on the right side has a frictional force component in the direction around the axis C2 at the contact surface with the wheel body 5 when the rotating member 27R is driven to rotate around the axis C2.
- the frictional force component in the tangential direction of the inner periphery of the wheel body 5 and the frictional force component in the direction around the cross-sectional center C1 of the wheel body 5 (the tangential frictional force component in the circular cross section)
- the wheel body 5 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface in such a posture that it can act on the wheel body 5.
- the cover members 21R and 21L are urged in a direction in which the lower end side (the bifurcated tip side) of the cover members 21R and 21L is narrowed by a spring (not shown). Therefore, the wheel body 5 is sandwiched between the right free roller 29R and the left free roller 29L by this urging force, and the free rollers 29R and 29L are in pressure contact with the wheel body 5 (more specifically, free The pressure contact state in which a frictional force can act between the rollers 29R and 29L and the wheel body 5 is maintained.
- the wheel body 5 when the rotating members 27R and 27L are driven to rotate at the same speed in the same direction by the electric motors 31R and 31L, the wheel body 5 has the same direction as the rotating members 27R and 27L. Will rotate around the axis C2. Thereby, the wheel body 5 rotates on the floor surface in the front-rear direction, and the entire vehicle 1 moves in the front-rear direction. In this case, the wheel body 5 does not rotate around the center C1 of the cross section.
- the wheel body 5 rotates around the center C1 of the cross section.
- the wheel body 4 moves in the direction of the axis C2 (that is, the left-right direction), and as a result, the entire vehicle 1 moves in the left-right direction.
- the wheel body 5 does not rotate around the axis C2.
- the wheel body 5 rotates around its axis C2, It will rotate about the cross-sectional center C1.
- the wheel body 5 moves in a direction inclined with respect to the front-rear direction and the left-right direction by a combined operation (composite operation) of these rotational operations, and as a result, the entire vehicle 1 moves in the same direction as the wheel body 5.
- the moving direction of the wheel body 5 in this case changes depending on the difference in rotational speed (rotational speed vector in which the polarity is defined according to the rotational direction) including the rotational direction of the rotating members 27R and 27L. .
- the moving operation of the wheel body 5 is performed as described above, by controlling the respective rotational speeds (including the rotational direction) of the electric motors 31R and 31L, and by controlling the rotational speeds of the rotating members 27R and 27L, The moving speed and moving direction of the vehicle 1 can be controlled.
- the seat (boarding portion) 3 and the base body 9 are tiltable about the axis C2 in the left-right direction with the axis C2 of the wheel body 5 as a fulcrum, and the grounding surface (lower end surface) of the wheel body 5 As a fulcrum, it can be tilted together with the wheel body 5 around an axis in the front-rear direction.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 an XYZ coordinate system is assumed in which the horizontal axis in the front-rear direction is the X axis, the horizontal axis in the left-right direction is the Y axis, and the vertical direction is the Z axis.
- the direction and the left-right direction may be referred to as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively.
- the operation of the occupant moving the upper body and thus tilting the base body 9 together with the seat 3 is one basic control operation (operation request of the vehicle 1) for the vehicle 1, and the control The moving operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled via the actuator device 7 in accordance with the operation.
- the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5 as the entire ground contact surface has an area compared to a region where the entire vehicle 1 and the passengers riding on the vehicle 1 are projected on the floor surface. It becomes a small single local region, and the floor reaction force acts only on the single local region. For this reason, in order to prevent the base body 9 from tilting, it is necessary to move the wheel body 5 so that the center of gravity of the occupant and the vehicle 1 is positioned almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5.
- the center of gravity of the entire occupant and vehicle 1 is positioned almost directly above the center point of the wheel body 5 (center point on the axis C2) (more precisely, the center of gravity point is
- the posture of the base body 9 in a state (which is located almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5) is set as a target posture, and basically, the actual posture of the base body 9 is converged to the target posture.
- the movement operation is controlled.
- the occupant kicks the floor with his / her foot as necessary, thereby increasing the moving speed of the vehicle 1 (
- the driving force the propulsive force generated by the frictional force between the occupant's foot and the floor
- the moving speed of the vehicle 1 (more precisely, the occupant and the entire vehicle)
- the movement operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled so that the movement speed of the center of gravity of the wheel body increases.
- the center of gravity of the single vehicle 1 is positioned almost directly above the center point of the wheel body 5 (center point on the axis C ⁇ b> 2).
- the actual posture of the base body 9 is converged to the target posture, and the base body 9 is not tilted.
- the movement operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled so that the vehicle 1 is independent.
- the moving speed of the vehicle 1 increases as the deviation from the target posture of the base body 9 increases.
- the moving operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled so that the movement of the vehicle 1 is stopped.
- “posture” means spatial orientation.
- the base body 9 and the sheet 3 are tilted to change the postures of the base body 9 and the sheet 3. Further, in the present embodiment, the base body 9 and the sheet 3 are integrally tilted, so that the posture of the base body 9 is converged to the target posture, which means that the posture of the sheet 3 is the target posture corresponding to the seat 3 ( This is equivalent to converging to the posture of the sheet 3 in a state where the posture of the base 9 matches the target posture of the base 9.
- the vehicle 1 in order to control the operation of the vehicle 1 as described above, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it is constituted by an electronic circuit unit including a microcomputer and drive circuit units of the electric motors 31R and 31L.
- Rotary encoders 56 ⁇ / b> R and 56 ⁇ / b> L as angle sensors are mounted at appropriate positions on the vehicle 1.
- control unit 50 and the inclination sensor 52 are attached to the column frame 13 in a state of being accommodated in the column frame 13 of the base body 9, for example.
- the load sensor 54 is built in the seat 3.
- the rotary encoders 56R and 56L are provided integrally with the electric motors 31R and 31L, respectively.
- the rotary encoders 56R and 56L may be attached to the rotating members 27R and 27L, respectively.
- the tilt sensor 52 includes an acceleration sensor and a rate sensor (angular velocity sensor) such as a gyro sensor, and outputs detection signals of these sensors to the control unit 50. Then, the control unit 50 performs a predetermined measurement calculation process (this may be a known calculation process) based on the outputs of the acceleration sensor and the rate sensor of the tilt sensor 52, and thereby the part on which the tilt sensor 52 is mounted.
- a predetermined measurement calculation process this may be a known calculation process
- the tilt angle ⁇ b to be measured (hereinafter also referred to as the base body tilt angle ⁇ b) is more specifically, the component ⁇ b_x in the Y axis direction (pitch direction) and the X axis direction (roll direction), respectively. It consists of component ⁇ b_y.
- the base body tilt angle ⁇ b also has a meaning as the tilt angle of the riding section 3.
- a variable such as a motion state quantity having a component in each direction of the X axis and the Y axis (or a direction around each axis) such as the base body inclination angle ⁇ b, or a relation to the motion state quantity.
- a suffix “_x” or “_y” is added to the reference symbol of the variable when each component is expressed separately.
- a subscript “_x” is added to the component in the X-axis direction
- a subscript “_y” is added to the component in the Y-axis direction.
- the subscript “_x” is added to the component around the Y axis for convenience in order to align the subscript with the variable related to translational motion.
- the subscript “_y” is added to the component around the X axis.
- a variable is expressed as a set of a component in the X-axis direction (or a component around the Y-axis) and a component in the Y-axis direction (or a component around the X-axis)
- the reference numeral of the variable The subscript “_xy” is added.
- the base body tilt angle ⁇ b is expressed as a set of a component ⁇ b_x around the Y axis and a component ⁇ b_y around the X axis, it is expressed as “base body tilt angle ⁇ b_xy”.
- the load sensor 54 is built in the seat 3 so as to receive a load due to the weight of the occupant when the occupant is seated on the seat 3, and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the load to the control unit 50. Then, the control unit 50 determines whether or not an occupant is on the vehicle 1 based on the measured load value indicated by the output of the load sensor 54.
- a switch type sensor that is turned on when an occupant sits on the seat 3 may be used.
- the rotary encoder 56R generates a pulse signal every time the output shaft of the electric motor 31R rotates by a predetermined angle, and outputs this pulse signal to the control unit 50. Then, the control unit 50 measures the rotational angle of the output shaft of the electric motor 53R based on the pulse signal, and further calculates the temporal change rate (differential value) of the measured value of the rotational angle as the rotational angular velocity of the electric motor 53R. Measure as The same applies to the rotary encoder 56L on the electric motor 31L side.
- the control unit 50 determines a speed command that is a target value of the rotational angular speed of each of the electric motors 31R and 31L by executing a predetermined calculation process using each of the measured values, and the electric motor is operated according to the speed command.
- the rotational angular velocities of the motors 31R and 31L are feedback controlled.
- the relationship between the rotational angular velocity of the output shaft of the electric motor 31R and the rotational angular velocity of the rotating member 27R is proportional to the constant reduction ratio between the output shaft and the rotating member 27R.
- the rotational angular velocity of the electric motor 31R means the rotational angular velocity of the rotating member 27R.
- the rotational angular velocity of the electric motor 31L means the rotational angular velocity of the rotating member 27L.
- control process of the control unit 50 will be described in more detail.
- the control unit 50 executes the process (main routine process) shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 at a predetermined control process cycle.
- control unit 50 acquires the output of the tilt sensor 52.
- control unit 50 calculates the measured value ⁇ b_xy_s of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b and the measured value ⁇ bdot_xy_s of the base body tilt angular velocity ⁇ bdot based on the acquired output of the tilt sensor 52.
- control unit 50 executes the determination process in STEP 4. In this determination process, the control unit 50 determines whether or not an occupant is on the vehicle 1 depending on whether or not the load measurement value indicated by the acquired output of the load sensor 54 is larger than a predetermined value set in advance ( Whether or not an occupant is seated on the seat 3).
- control unit 50 sets the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b, and constant parameters for controlling the operation of the vehicle 1 (basic values of various gains, etc.) ) Is set in STEPs 5 and 6, respectively.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined target value for the boarding mode as the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b.
- boarding mode means an operation mode of the vehicle 1 when a passenger is on the vehicle 1.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the boarding mode is such that the overall center of gravity of the vehicle 1 and the occupant seated on the seat 3 (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle / occupant overall center of gravity) is located almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5.
- the posture of the base body 9 in a state is set in advance so as to coincide with or substantially coincide with the measured value ⁇ b_xy_s of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b measured based on the output of the tilt sensor 52.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined value for the boarding mode as a constant parameter value for controlling the operation of the vehicle 1.
- control unit 50 performs processing for setting the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b_xy, and processing for setting constant parameter values for operation control of the vehicle 1. Are executed in STEP7 and STEP8.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined target value for the independent mode as the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the inclination angle ⁇ b.
- independent mode means an operation mode of the vehicle 1 when no occupant is on the vehicle 1.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the self-supporting mode is an inclination sensor in the posture of the base body 9 where the center of gravity of the vehicle 1 (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle center of gravity) is located almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5. It is set in advance so as to coincide with or substantially coincide with the measured value ⁇ b_xy_s of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b measured based on the output of 52.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the self-supporting mode is generally different from the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the boarding mode.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined value for the independent mode as a constant parameter value for operation control of the vehicle 1.
- the value of the constant parameter for the independent mode is different from the value of the constant parameter for the boarding mode.
- the difference in the value of the constant parameter between the boarding mode and the independent mode is due to the difference in the height of the center of gravity, the overall mass, etc. in each mode, and the response of the operation of the vehicle 1 to the control input. This is because the characteristics are different from each other.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body inclination angle ⁇ b_xy and the value of the constant parameter are set for each operation mode of the boarding mode and the self-supporting mode.
- the target value of the component ⁇ bdot_x around the Y axis and the target value of the component ⁇ bdot_y around the X axis of the base body tilt angular velocity ⁇ bdot are both “0”. For this reason, the process which sets the target value of base
- control unit 50 After executing the processing of STEPs 5 and 6 or the processing of STEPs 7 and 8 as described above, the control unit 50 next executes the vehicle control arithmetic processing in STEP 9 to thereby control the respective speed commands of the electric motors 31R and 31L. To decide. Details of this vehicle control calculation processing will be described later.
- the control unit 50 executes an operation control process for the electric motors 31R, 31L in accordance with the speed command determined in STEP 9.
- the control unit 50 determines the deviation according to the deviation between the speed command of the electric motor 31R determined in STEP 9 and the measured value of the rotational speed of the electric motor 31R measured based on the output of the rotary encoder 56R.
- the target value (target torque) of the output torque of the electric motor 31R is determined so as to converge to “0”.
- the control unit 50 controls the energization current of the electric motor 31R so that the output torque of the target torque is output to the electric motor 31R. The same applies to the operation control of the left electric motor 31L.
- the vehicle / occupant overall center-of-gravity point in the boarding mode and the vehicle single body center-of-gravity point in the independent mode are collectively referred to as a vehicle system center-of-gravity point.
- the vehicle system center-of-gravity point means the vehicle / occupant overall center-of-gravity point
- the operation mode of the vehicle 1 is the independent mode, it means the vehicle single body center-of-gravity point.
- the value determined in the current (latest) control processing cycle is the current value, and the control processing immediately before that The value determined by the cycle may be referred to as the previous value.
- a value not particularly different from the current value and the previous value means the current value.
- the forward direction is a positive direction
- the speed and acceleration in the Y-axis direction the left direction is a positive direction
- the dynamic behavior of the center of gravity of the vehicle system (specifically, the behavior seen by projecting from the Y-axis direction onto a plane (XZ plane) orthogonal thereto, and orthogonal to the X-axis direction)
- the vehicle of STEP9 is assumed that the behavior (projected and projected on the plane (YZ plane)) is approximately expressed by the behavior of the inverted pendulum model (the dynamic behavior of the inverted pendulum) as shown in FIG. Control arithmetic processing is performed.
- reference numerals without parentheses are reference numerals corresponding to the inverted pendulum model viewed from the Y-axis direction, and reference numerals with parentheses refer to the inverted pendulum model viewed from the X-axis direction. Corresponding reference sign.
- the inverted pendulum model expressing the behavior seen from the Y-axis direction has a mass point 60_x located at the center of gravity of the vehicle system and a rotation axis 62a_x parallel to the Y-axis direction.
- Wheel 62_x (hereinafter referred to as virtual wheel 62_x).
- the mass point 60_x is supported by the rotation shaft 62a_x of the virtual wheel 62_x via the linear rod 64_x, and can swing around the rotation shaft 62a_x with the rotation shaft 62a_x as a fulcrum.
- the motion of the mass point 60_x corresponds to the motion of the center of gravity of the vehicle system viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- the movement speed Vw_x (translation movement speed in the X-axis direction) of the virtual wheel 62_x is the same as the movement speed in the X-axis direction of the wheel body 5 of the vehicle 1.
- an inverted pendulum model (refer to the reference numerals in parentheses in FIG. 8) expressing the behavior seen from the X-axis direction includes a mass point 60_y located at the center of gravity of the vehicle system and a rotation axis 62a_y parallel to the X-axis direction. And virtual wheels 62_y (hereinafter referred to as virtual wheels 62_y) that can rotate on the floor surface.
- the mass point 60_y is supported by the rotation shaft 62a_y of the virtual wheel 62_y via a linear rod 64_y, and can swing around the rotation shaft 62a_y with the rotation shaft 62a_y as a fulcrum.
- the motion of the mass point 60_y corresponds to the motion of the center of gravity of the vehicle system viewed from the X-axis direction.
- the moving speed Vw_y (translational moving speed in the Y-axis direction) of the virtual wheel 62_y is set to coincide with the moving speed in the Y-axis direction of the wheel body 5 of the vehicle 1.
- the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y have predetermined radii of predetermined values Rw_x and Rw_y, respectively.
- the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x and ⁇ w_y of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y and the rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R and ⁇ _L of the electric motors 31R and 31L (more precisely, the rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R and ⁇ _L of the rotating members 27R and 27L), respectively.
- the relationship of the following formulas 01a and 01b is established.
- ⁇ w_x ( ⁇ _R + ⁇ _L) / 2 Equation 01a
- “C” in Expression 01b is a coefficient of a predetermined value depending on the mechanical relationship between the free rollers 29R and 29L and the wheel body 5 and slippage.
- the positive directions of ⁇ w_x, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L are the rotation direction of the virtual wheel 62_x when the virtual wheel 62_x rotates forward, and the positive direction of ⁇ w_y is the case when the virtual wheel 62_y rotates leftward. This is the rotation direction of the virtual wheel 62_y.
- the dynamics of the inverted pendulum model shown in FIG. 8 is expressed by the following equations 03x and 03y.
- the expression 03x is an expression expressing the dynamics of the inverted pendulum model viewed from the Y-axis direction
- the expression 03y is an expression expressing the dynamics of the inverted pendulum model viewed from the X-axis direction.
- ⁇ wdot_x is the rotational angular acceleration of the virtual wheel 62_x (first-order differential value of the rotational angular velocity ⁇ w_x)
- ⁇ _x is a coefficient that depends on the mass and height h_x of the mass 60_x
- ⁇ _x is the inertia (moment of inertia of the virtual wheel 62_x )
- Rw_x the radius
- the motions of the mass points 60_x and 60_y of the inverted pendulum are the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_x of the virtual wheel 62_x and the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_y of the virtual wheel 62_y, respectively. It is defined depending on.
- the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_x of the virtual wheel 62_x is used as an operation amount (control input) for controlling the motion of the vehicle system center of gravity point viewed from the Y-axis direction, and viewed from the X-axis direction.
- the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_y of the virtual wheel 62_y is used as an operation amount (control input) for controlling the motion of the vehicle system center of gravity.
- the control unit 50 determines that the motion of the mass point 60_x seen in the X-axis direction and the motion of the mass point 60_y seen in the Y-axis direction are Virtual wheel rotational angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd, which are command values (target values) of the rotational angular accelerations ⁇ wdot_x and ⁇ wdot_y as operation amounts, are determined so as to achieve a motion corresponding to a desired motion.
- control unit 50 integrates the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd, and the virtual wheel rotation that is the command values (target values) of the respective rotation angular velocities ⁇ w_x and ⁇ w_y of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y.
- the angular velocity commands are determined as ⁇ w_x_cmd and ⁇ w_y_cmd.
- the target movement speed in the X-axis direction and the target movement speed in the Y-axis direction of the wheel body 5 of the vehicle 1 and the respective speeds of the electric motors 31 ⁇ / b> R and 31 ⁇ / b> L so as to realize these target movement speeds.
- the commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ L_cmd are determined.
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd as the operation amount (control input) are obtained by adding three operation amount components as shown in equations 07x and 07y described later, respectively. It is determined.
- ⁇ wdot_x_cmd is the rotation angular velocity of the virtual wheel 62_x moving in the X-axis direction. This functions as an operation amount that defines the driving force to be applied to the wheel body 5 in order to move the wheel in the X-axis direction.
- ⁇ wdot_y_cmd is the rotational angular velocity of the virtual wheel 62_y moving in the Y-axis direction, it functions as an operation amount that defines the driving force to be applied to the wheel body 5 in order to move the wheel body 5 in the Y-axis direction. To be.
- the control unit 50 has the function shown in the block diagram of FIG. 9 as a function for executing the vehicle control calculation process of STEP 9 as described above.
- the control unit 50 calculates the base body tilt angle deviation measurement value ⁇ be_xy_s, which is a deviation between the base body tilt angle measurement value ⁇ b_xy_s and the base body tilt angle target value ⁇ b_xy_obj, and the moving speed of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point. It is estimated that the center of gravity speed calculation unit 72 that calculates the center of gravity speed estimated value Vb_xy_s as an observed value of a certain center of gravity speed Vb_xy and the operation of the vehicle 1 by the occupant or the like (operation for adding propulsive force to the vehicle 1) are estimated.
- the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 for generating the required center-of-gravity speed V_xy_aim as the required value of the center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy, and the allowable angular velocity of the electric motors 31R and 31L based on the estimated center-of-gravity speed value Vb_xy_s and the required center-of-gravity speed V_xy_aim
- a center of gravity speed limiter 76 for determining a control target center of gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd as a target value of the center of gravity speed Vb_xy in consideration of a limit in accordance with the range;
- a gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_xy for adjusting the value of the expression 07x, gain factor 07y.
- the control unit 50 further calculates the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_xy_cmd, the attitude control calculation unit 80, and the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_xy_cmd from the speed command ⁇ _R_cmd (rotational angular velocity command value) of the right electric motor 31R. And a motor command calculation unit 82 for converting into a set with a speed command ⁇ _L_cmd (rotation angular velocity command value) of the left electric motor 31L.
- control unit 50 first executes the process of the deviation calculating unit 70 and the process of the gravity center speed calculating unit 72.
- the deviation calculation unit 70 receives the base body tilt angle measurement value ⁇ b_xy_s ( ⁇ b_x_s and ⁇ b_y_s) calculated in STEP2 and the target values ⁇ b_xy_obj ( ⁇ b_x_obj and ⁇ b_y_obj) set in STEP5 or STEP7.
- the process of the deviation calculating part 70 may be executed in the process of STEP 5 or 7.
- the center-of-gravity velocity calculation unit 72 receives the current value of the base body tilt angular velocity measurement value ⁇ bdot_xy_s ( ⁇ bdot_x_s and ⁇ bdot_y_s) calculated in STEP 2 and the previous value ⁇ w_xy_cmd_p ( ⁇ w_x_cmd_p and ⁇ w_y_cmd_p) of the virtual wheel speed command ⁇ w_xy_cmd. Input from the delay element 84.
- the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 calculates the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s) from these input values using a predetermined arithmetic expression based on the inverted pendulum model.
- the center-of-gravity velocity calculation unit 72 calculates Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s by the following equations 05x and 05y, respectively.
- Rw_x and Rw_y are the respective radii of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y as described above, and these values are predetermined values set in advance.
- H_x and h_y are the heights of the mass points 60_x and 60_y of the inverted pendulum model, respectively.
- the height of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point is maintained substantially constant. Therefore, predetermined values set in advance are used as the values of h_x and h_y, respectively. Supplementally, the heights h_x and h_y are included in the constant parameters whose values are set in STEP 6 or 8.
- the first term on the right side of the formula 05x is the moving speed in the X-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_x corresponding to the previous value ⁇ w_x_cmd_p of the speed command of the virtual wheel 62_x, and this moving speed is the X-axis direction of the wheel body 5 This corresponds to the current value of the actual movement speed.
- the second term on the right side of the expression 05x is the movement speed in the X-axis direction of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point caused by the base body 9 tilting at the inclination angular velocity of ⁇ bdot_x_s around the Y axis (relative to the wheel body 5). This is equivalent to the current value of the movement speed.
- Formula 05y The same applies to Formula 05y.
- a set of measured values (current values) of the respective rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L measured based on the outputs of the rotary encoders 56R and 56L is converted into a set of rotational angular velocities of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y.
- the rotational angular velocities may be converted and used in place of ⁇ w_x_cmd_p and ⁇ w_y_cmd_p in equations 05x and 05y.
- the control unit 50 executes the processing of the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 and the processing of the gain adjustment unit 78.
- the center-of-gravity speed estimation value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s) calculated by the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 as described above is input to the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 and the gain adjustment unit 78, respectively.
- the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 when the operation mode of the vehicle 1 is the boarding mode, the requested center-of-gravity speed V_xy_aim based on the input center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s). (V_x_aim, V_y_aim) is determined.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 sets both the requested center-of-gravity speeds V_x_aim and V_y_aim to “0”.
- the gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_xy (Kr_x and Kr_y) based on the input center-of-gravity velocity estimated value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s).
- the gain adjusting unit 78 inputs the input center-of-gravity velocity estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s to the limit processing unit 86.
- output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 are generated by appropriately adding limits corresponding to the allowable ranges of the rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L to the gravity center speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s.
- the output value Vw_x_lim1 has a meaning after limiting the moving speed Vw_x in the X-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_x, and the output value Vw_y_lim1 has a meaning as a value after limiting the moving speed Vw_y in the Y-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_y. .
- the processing of the limit processing unit 86 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. Note that the reference numerals in parentheses in FIG. 11 indicate processing of the limit processing unit 104 of the gravity center speed limiting unit 76 described later, and may be ignored in the description of the processing of the limit processing unit 86.
- the limit processing unit 86 first inputs the center-of-gravity velocity estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s to the processing units 86a_x and 86a_y, respectively.
- the processing unit 86a_x divides Vb_x_s by the radius Rw_x of the virtual wheel 62_x to calculate the rotational angular velocity ⁇ w_x_s of the virtual wheel 62_x when it is assumed that the moving speed in the X-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_x matches Vb_x_s. .
- the limit processing unit 86 converts the set of ⁇ w_x_s and ⁇ w_y_s into a set of the rotation angular velocity ⁇ _R_s of the electric motor 31R and the rotation angular velocity ⁇ _L_s of the electric motor 31L by the XY-RL conversion unit 86b.
- this conversion is performed by solving simultaneous equations obtained by replacing ⁇ w_x, ⁇ w_y, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L in the equations 01a and 01b with ⁇ w_x_s, ⁇ w_y_s, ⁇ _R_s, and ⁇ _L_s, with ⁇ _R_s and ⁇ _L_s as unknowns. Done.
- the limit processing unit 86 inputs the output values ⁇ _R_s and ⁇ _L_s of the XY-RL conversion unit 86b to the limiters 86c_R and 86c_L, respectively. At this time, if the limiter 86c_R is within the allowable range for the right motor having a predetermined upper limit value (> 0) and lower limit value ( ⁇ 0), the limiter 86c_R keeps ⁇ _R_s as it is. Output as output value ⁇ _R_lim1.
- the limiter 86c_R outputs the boundary value closer to ⁇ _R_s between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the right motor allowable range as the output value ⁇ _R_lim1. Output as. As a result, the output value ⁇ _R_lim1 of the limiter 86c_R is limited to a value within the allowable range for the right motor.
- the limiter 86c_L keeps ⁇ _L_s as it is. Output as output value ⁇ _L_lim1. Further, when ⁇ _L_s deviates from the left motor allowable range, the limiter 86c_L outputs the boundary value closer to ⁇ _L_s between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the left motor allowable range as the output value ⁇ _L_lim1. Output as. As a result, the output value ⁇ _L_lim1 of the limiter 86c_L is limited to a value within the left motor allowable range.
- the allowable range for the right motor is set so that the rotational angular velocity (absolute value) of the right electric motor 31R does not become too high, and in turn prevents the maximum value of torque that can be output by the electric motor 31R from decreasing. Tolerance. The same applies to the allowable range for the left motor.
- the limit processing unit 86 converts the set of output values ⁇ _R_lim1 and ⁇ _L_lim1 of the limiters 86c_R and 86c_L into sets of rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_lim1 and ⁇ w_y_lim1 of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y by the RL-XY conversion unit 86d. .
- This conversion is a reverse conversion process of the conversion process of the XY-RL conversion unit 86b.
- This processing is performed by solving simultaneous equations obtained by replacing ⁇ w_x, ⁇ w_y, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L in the equations 01a and 01b with ⁇ w_x_lim1, ⁇ w_y_lim1, ⁇ _R_lim1, and ⁇ _L_lim1 as ⁇ w_x_lim1 and ⁇ w_y_lim1.
- the limit processing unit 86 inputs the output values ⁇ w_x_lim1 and ⁇ w_y_lim1 of the RL-XY conversion unit 86d to the processing units 86e_x and 86e_y, respectively.
- the processing unit 86e_x converts ⁇ w_x_lim1 into the moving speed Vw_x_lim1 of the virtual wheel 62_x by multiplying ⁇ w_x_lim1 by the radius Rw_x of the virtual wheel 62_x.
- both or one of the rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_s and ⁇ _L_s of the electric motors 31R and 31L deviate from the allowable range, both or one of the rotational angular velocities is forcibly limited within the allowable range.
- the limit processing unit 86 outputs a set of movement speeds Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction corresponding to the set of rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_lim1 and ⁇ _L_lim1 of the electric motors 31R and 31L after the limitation.
- the limit processing unit 86 can make the rotation angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L corresponding to the set of the output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 not to deviate from the permissible range under the necessary conditions. As long as the output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 coincide with Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s, a set of output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 is generated.
- the gain adjustment unit 78 next executes the processing of the calculation units 88_x and 88_y.
- the calculation unit 88_x receives the estimated center-of-gravity velocity value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction and the output value Vw_x_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86. Then, the calculation unit 88_x calculates and outputs a value Vover_x obtained by subtracting Vb_x_s from Vw_x_lim1. Further, the Y-axis direction center-of-gravity velocity estimated value Vb_y_s and the output value Vw_y_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86 are input to the calculation unit 88_y.
- the computing unit 88_y calculates and outputs a value Vover_y obtained by subtracting Vb_y_s from Vw_y_lim1.
- Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86 are generated by forcibly limiting the input values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s
- the correction amount ( Vw_x_lim1-Vb_x_s) of Vw_x_lim1 from Vb_x_s
- the gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_x by sequentially passing the output value Vover_x of the calculation unit 88_x through the processing units 90_x and 92_x. Further, the gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_y by sequentially passing the output value Vover_y of the calculation unit 88_y through the processing units 90_y and 92_y.
- the gain adjustment parameters Kr_x and Kr_y are both values in the range from “0” to “1”.
- the processing unit 90_x calculates and outputs the absolute value of the input Vover_x. Further, the processing unit 92_x generates Kr_x so that the output value Kr_x monotonously increases with respect to the input value
- the saturation characteristic is a characteristic in which the change amount of the output value with respect to the increase of the input value becomes “0” or approaches “0” when the input value increases to some extent.
- the processing unit 92_x sets a value obtained by multiplying the input value
- the processing unit 92_x outputs “1” as Kr_x.
- the proportional coefficient is set so that the product of
- processing of the processing units 90_y and 92_y is the same as the processing of the above-described processing units 90_x and 92_x, respectively.
- the output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86 are generated by forcibly limiting the input values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s, that is, in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction of the wheel body 5 respectively. If the electric motors 31R and 31L are operated so that the moving speeds Vw_x and Vw_y coincide with the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s, respectively, the rotational angular speed of either of the electric motors 31R and 31L deviates from the allowable range.
- the gain adjustment parameters Kr_x and Kr_y are determined according to the absolute values of the correction amounts Vover_x and Vover_y, respectively.
- Kr_x is determined to have a larger value as the absolute value of the correction amount Vx_over increases with “1” as the upper limit. The same applies to Kr_y.
- control unit 50 executes the processes of the center-of-gravity speed calculator 72 and the requested center-of-gravity speed generator 74 as described above, and then executes the process of the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76 includes an estimated center-of-gravity speed value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s) calculated by the center-of-gravity speed calculator 72, and a requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_aim (Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim) determined by the required center-of-gravity speed generator 74. Is entered.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 uses these input values to determine the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd (Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd) by executing the processing shown in the block diagram of FIG.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 first executes the processes of the steady deviation calculating units 94_x and 94_y.
- the steady-state deviation calculating unit 94_x receives the estimated center-of-gravity velocity value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction and the previous value Vb_x_mdfd_p of the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd in the X-axis direction via the delay element 96_x. .
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x first inputs the input Vb_x_s to the proportional / differential compensation element (PD compensation element) 94a_x.
- the proportional / differential compensation element 94_x is a compensation element whose transfer function is represented by 1 + Kd ⁇ S, and is obtained by multiplying the input Vb_x_s and its differential value (time change rate) by a predetermined coefficient Kd. Add the value and output the result of the addition.
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x calculates a value obtained by subtracting the input Vb_x_mdfd_p from the output value of the proportional / differential compensation element 94_x by the calculating unit 94b_x, and then outputs the output value of the calculating unit 94b_x to the phase compensation It inputs into the low-pass filter 94c_x which has a function.
- the low-pass filter 94c_x is a filter whose transfer function is represented by (1 + T2 ⁇ S) / (1 + T1 ⁇ S).
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x outputs the output value Vb_x_prd of the low-pass filter 94c_x.
- the steady-state deviation calculating unit 94_y receives the Y-axis centroid speed estimated value Vb_y_s and the previous value Vb_y_mdfd_p of the Y-axis control target centroid speed Vb_y_mdfd via the delay element 96_y.
- the steady deviation calculation unit 94_y sequentially executes the processing of the proportional / differential compensation element 94a_y, the calculation unit 94b_y, and the low-pass filter 94c_y, and outputs the output value Vb_y_prd of the low-pass filter 94c_y. To do.
- the output value Vb_x_prd of the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x is based on the current motion state of the vehicle system center of gravity as viewed from the Y-axis direction (in other words, the motion state of the mass point 60_x of the inverted pendulum model as viewed from the Y-axis direction). It has a meaning as a steady deviation with respect to the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd of the estimated predicted center-of-gravity speed estimated value in the X-axis direction.
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_y output value Vb_y_prd is estimated from the current motion state of the vehicle system center of gravity as viewed from the X-axis direction (in other words, the motion state of the mass point 60_y of the inverted pendulum model as viewed from the X-axis direction).
- the convergence predicted value of the estimated center-of-gravity speed value in the future Y-axis direction has a meaning as a steady deviation with respect to the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_mdfd.
- the respective output values Vb_x_prd and Vb_y_prd of the steady deviation calculation units 94_x and 94_y are referred to as center-of-gravity velocity steady deviation prediction values.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76 executes the processes of the steady-state deviation calculators 94_x and 94_y as described above, and then adds the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim to the output value Vb_x_prd of the steady-state deviation calculator 94_x and the steady-state deviation calculator 94_y. Processing for adding the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_y_aim to the output value Vb_y_prd is executed by the calculation units 98_x and 98_y, respectively.
- the output value Vb_x_t of the calculation unit 98_x is a speed obtained by adding the required center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction to the center-of-gravity speed steady-state deviation predicted value Vb_x_prd in the X-axis direction.
- the output value Vb_y_t of the calculation unit 98_y is a speed obtained by adding the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_aim in the Y-axis direction to the center-of-gravity speed steady-state deviation predicted value Vb_y_prd in the Y-axis direction.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 inputs the output values Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t of the calculation units 98_x and 98_y to the limit processing unit 100, respectively.
- the processing of the limit processing unit 100 is the same as the processing of the limit processing unit 86 of the gain adjustment unit 78 described above. In this case, only the input value and the output value of each processing unit of the limit processing unit 100 are different from the limit processing unit 86, as indicated by reference numerals in parentheses in FIG.
- the moving speeds Vw_x and Vw_y of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y respectively match the Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t, respectively, and the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_t, ⁇ w_y_t is calculated by the processing units 86a_x and 86a_y, respectively.
- the set of rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_t and ⁇ w_y_t is converted into a set of rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_t and ⁇ _L_t of the electric motors 31R and 31L by the XY-RL conversion unit 86b.
- rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_t and ⁇ _L_t are limited by the limiters 86c_R and 86c_L to values within the allowable range for the right motor and values within the allowable range for the left motor, respectively. Then, the values ⁇ _R_lim2 and ⁇ _L_lim2 after the restriction processing are converted into the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_lim2 and ⁇ w_y_lim2 of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y by the RL-XY conversion unit 86d.
- the moving speeds Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y corresponding to the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_lim2 and ⁇ w_y_lim2 are calculated by the processing units 86e_x and 86e_y, respectively, and the moving speeds Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 are output from the limit processing unit 100.
- the limit processing unit 100 has the rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L corresponding to the set of output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 deviate from the allowable range. It is an essential requirement that the output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 are generated so that the output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 coincide with Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t, respectively, as much as possible under the necessary conditions.
- permissible ranges for the right motor and the left motor in the limit processing unit 100 need not be the same as the permissible ranges in the limit processing unit 86, and may be set to different permissible ranges.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 next calculates the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd by executing the processing of the calculation units 102_x and 102_y, respectively.
- the calculation unit 102_x calculates a value obtained by subtracting the X-axis direction center-of-gravity velocity steady deviation predicted value Vb_x_prd from the output value Vw_x_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 as the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd.
- the calculation unit 102_y calculates a value obtained by subtracting the Y-axis direction center-of-gravity velocity steady-state deviation predicted value Vb_y_prd from the output value Vw_y_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 as the Y-axis direction control center-of-gravity velocity Vb_y_mdfd.
- the control target center-of-gravity velocities Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd determined as described above are obtained when the output values V_x_lim2 and V_y_lim2 in the limit processing unit 100 are not forcibly limited, that is, in the X-axis direction of the wheel body 5. Even if the electric motors 31R and 31L are operated so that the respective movement speeds in the Y-axis direction coincide with the output value Vb_x_t of the calculation unit 98_x and the output value Vb_y_t of the calculation unit 98_y, respectively.
- the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim are determined as control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively.
- the output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 are generated by forcibly limiting the input values Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t, that is, the X axis direction and the Y axis direction of the wheel body 5 respectively.
- the electric motors 31R and 31L are operated so that the moving speeds coincide with the output value Vb_x_t of the calculation unit 98_x and the output value Vb_y_t of the calculation unit 98_y, the rotational angular speed of either of the electric motors 31R and 31L is allowed.
- the correction amount ( Vw_x_lim2) from the input value Vb_x_t of the output value Vw_x_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 in the X-axis direction.
- -Vb_x_t is a value obtained by correcting the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim (the value obtained by adding the correction amount to Vb_x_aim) is determined as the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd. It is.
- the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd is closer to “0” than the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim or The speed is opposite to the speed Vb_x_aim.
- the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd is a speed opposite to the X-axis center of gravity speed steady deviation predicted value Vb_x_prd output by the steady deviation calculator 94_x. .
- control unit 50 executes the processes of the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72, the center-of-gravity speed limit unit 76, the gain adjustment unit 78, and the deviation calculation unit 70 as described above, and then performs posture control.
- the processing of the calculation unit 80 is executed.
- reference numerals without parentheses are reference numerals related to processing for determining the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_x_com, which is a target value of the rotation angular velocity of the virtual wheel 62_x rotating in the X-axis direction.
- the reference numerals in parentheses are reference numerals related to the process of determining the virtual wheel rotational angular velocity command ⁇ w_y_com that is the target value of the rotational angular velocity of the virtual wheel 62_y that rotates in the Y-axis direction.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 includes a base body tilt angle deviation measurement value ⁇ be_xy_s calculated by the deviation calculation unit 70, a base body tilt angular velocity measurement value ⁇ bdot_xy_s calculated in STEP2, and a center of gravity speed calculated by the center of gravity speed calculation unit 72.
- the estimated value Vb_xy_s, the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd calculated by the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76, and the gain adjustment parameter Kr_xy calculated by the gain adjustment unit 78 are input.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 first calculates a virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_com using these input values according to the following expressions 07x and 07y.
- Formula 07y Therefore, in the present embodiment, as an operation amount (control input) for controlling the motion of the mass point 60_x of the inverted pendulum model viewed from the Y-axis direction (and hence the motion of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point viewed from the Y-axis direction).
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_y_com is determined by adding three manipulated variable components (three terms on the right side of equations 07x and 07y).
- the gain coefficients K1_x, K2_x, K3_x related to each manipulated variable component in the expression 07x are variably set according to the gain adjustment parameter Kr_x, and the gain coefficients K1_y, K2_y, K3_y related to each manipulated variable component in the expression 07y. Is variably set according to the gain adjustment parameter Kr_y.
- the gain coefficients K1_x, K2_x, and K3_x in Expression 07x may be referred to as a first gain coefficient K1_x, a second gain coefficient K2_x, and a third gain coefficient K3_x, respectively. The same applies to the gain coefficients K1_y, K2_y, and K3_y in Expression 07y.
- Ki_a_x and Ki_b_x in the expression 09x are preliminarily set as the gain coefficient value on the minimum side (side closer to “0”) and the gain coefficient value on the maximum side (side away from “0”) of the i-th gain coefficient Ki_x, respectively. It is a set constant value. The same applies to Ki_a_y and Ki_b_y in Expression 09y.
- the weights applied to Ki_a_y and Ki_b_y are changed according to the gain adjustment parameter Kr_y. Therefore, as in the case of Ki_x, as the value of Kr_y changes between “0” and “1”, the value of the i-th gain coefficient Ki_y changes between Ki_a_y and Ki_b_y.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 calculates the expression 07x using the first to third gain coefficients K1_x, K2_x, and K3_x determined as described above, so that the virtual wheel related to the virtual wheel 62_x that rotates in the X-axis direction. Rotational angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd is calculated.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 sets the manipulated variable component u1_x obtained by multiplying the base body tilt angle deviation measured value ⁇ be_x_s by the first gain coefficient K1_x and the base body tilt angular velocity measured value ⁇ bdot_x_s.
- the operation amount component u2_x obtained by multiplying the two gain coefficients K2_x is calculated by the processing units 80a and 80b, respectively.
- the operation amount u3_x is calculated by the processing unit 80c.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 calculates the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_com by adding these manipulated variable components u1_x, u2_x, u3_x in the calculation unit 80e.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 calculates the expression 07y using the first to third gain coefficients K1_y, K2_y, and K3_y determined as described above, so that the virtual wheel 62_y that rotates in the Y-axis direction is obtained.
- the related virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_y_cmd is calculated.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 multiplies the operation amount component u1_y obtained by multiplying the base body tilt angle deviation measurement value ⁇ be_y_s by the first gain coefficient K1_y and the base body tilt angular velocity measurement value ⁇ bdot_y_s by the second gain coefficient K2_y.
- the operation amount component u2_y is calculated by the processing units 80a and 80b, respectively.
- the operation amount u3_y is calculated by the processing unit 80c.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 calculates the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_com by adding these manipulated variable components u1_y, u2_y, u3_y in the calculation unit 80e.
- first to third terms first to third manipulated variable components u1_y, u2_y, u3_y on the right side of the expression 07y.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 After calculating the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_com and ⁇ wdot_y_com as described above, the attitude control calculation unit 80 then integrates the ⁇ wdot_x_com and ⁇ wdot_y_com by the integrator 80f, thereby obtaining the virtual wheel rotation speed command. ⁇ w_x_com and ⁇ w_y_com are determined.
- the wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_x_com may be calculated.
- the wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_y_com may be calculated.
- the rotational angular acceleration commands ⁇ w_x_cmd and ⁇ w_y_cmd of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y are used as the operation amount (control input) for controlling the behavior of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point.
- the driving torque of 62_x, 62_y or a translational force obtained by dividing this driving torque by the radii Rw_x, Rw_y of the virtual wheels 62_x, 62_y (that is, the frictional force between the virtual wheels 62_x, 62_y and the floor surface) is manipulated. It may be used as a quantity.
- control unit 50 next inputs the virtual wheel rotational speed commands ⁇ w_x_com and ⁇ w_y_com determined by the attitude control calculation unit 80 as described above to the motor command calculation unit 82, and the motor command calculation unit By executing the process 82, the speed command ⁇ _R_com of the electric motor 31R and the speed command ⁇ _L_com of the electric motor 31L are determined.
- the processing of the motor command calculation unit 82 is the same as the processing of the XY-RL conversion unit 86b of the limit processing unit 86 (see FIG. 11).
- the motor command calculation unit 82 replaces ⁇ w_x, ⁇ w_y, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L in the equations 01a and 01b with ⁇ w_x_com, ⁇ w_y_com, ⁇ _R_cmd, and ⁇ _L_cmd, respectively, and sets ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd as unknowns.
- the speed commands ⁇ _R_com and ⁇ _L_com of the electric motors 31R and 31L are determined.
- the posture of the base body 9 is determined to be the measured base body tilt angle deviation value ⁇ be_x_s in both the riding mode and the independent mode. , ⁇ be_y_s so as to be maintained in a posture in which both of them are “0” (hereinafter, this posture is referred to as a basic posture).
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_com as the operation amount (control input) is determined so that the position is maintained almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5.
- the virtual wheel rotation is performed so that the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_xy_s as the estimated value of the moving speed of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point converges to the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd while maintaining the attitude of the base body 9 in the basic attitude.
- An angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_com is determined.
- the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_xy_mdfd is normally “0” (specifically, unless the passenger or the like gives additional propulsive force of the vehicle 1 in the boarding mode).
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_com is determined so that the center of gravity of the vehicle system is almost stationary while maintaining the posture of the base body 9 in the basic posture.
- the rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L obtained by converting the virtual wheel rotational angular velocity command ⁇ w_xy_com obtained by integrating the components of ⁇ dotw_xy_com are determined as the speed commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd of the electric motors 31R and 31L. Further, the rotational speeds of the electric motors 31R and 31L are controlled according to the speed commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd.
- the moving speeds of the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are controlled so as to coincide with the moving speed of the virtual wheel 62_x corresponding to ⁇ w_x_com and the moving speed of the virtual wheel 62_y corresponding to ⁇ w_y_com, respectively.
- the wheel body 5 is adjusted to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_x_s to “0”). Move forward. Similarly, when the actual ⁇ b_x shifts backward from the target value ⁇ b_x_obj, the wheel body 5 moves rearward in order to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_x_s to “0”).
- the wheel body 5 faces right to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_y_s to “0”). Move to. Similarly, when the actual ⁇ b_y shifts to the left tilt side from the target value ⁇ b_y_obj, the wheel body 5 moves to the left in order to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_y_s to “0”).
- the wheel body 5 when the base body 9 is tilted from the basic posture, the wheel body 5 is moved toward the tilted side. Therefore, for example, in the boarding mode, when the occupant intentionally tilts the upper body, the wheel body 5 moves to the tilted side.
- the tilt amount of the base body 9 from the basic posture (base tilt angle deviation measurement)
- the values ⁇ be_x_s and ⁇ be_y_s) are relatively large, and are eliminated or one or both of the moving speeds of the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction necessary to maintain the inclination amount (the moving speeds thereof).
- Vw_x_lim2-Vb_x_prd and Vw_y_lim2-Vb_y_prd are the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_m. dfd and Vb_y_mdfd are determined.
- the operation amount components u3_x and u3_y among the operation amount components constituting the control input are determined so as to converge the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s to the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively. For this reason, it is prevented that the inclination amount of the base body 9 from the basic posture becomes excessive, and consequently, the rotational angular velocity of one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L is prevented from becoming too high.
- the gain adjusting unit 78 one or both of the center-of-gravity velocity estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s are increased, and as a result, it is necessary for eliminating the inclination of the base body 9 from the basic posture or maintaining the inclination amount.
- the moving speed of one or both of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the wheel body 5 may be an excessive moving speed that causes the rotational angular speed of one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L to deviate from the allowable range.
- the gain adjustment parameters Kr_x and Kr_y change from “0” to “1”. It can be approached.
- the same applies to each i-th gain coefficient Ki_y (i 1, 2, 3) calculated by the expression 09y.
- the sensitivity of the operation amount (virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd, ⁇ dotw_y_cmd) with respect to a change in the tilt of the base body 9 increases. Therefore, if the inclination amount of the base body 9 from the basic posture is increased, the moving speed of the wheel body 5 is controlled so as to quickly eliminate the inclination amount. Accordingly, it is strongly suppressed that the base body 9 is largely inclined from the basic posture, and consequently, the moving speed of one or both of the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is the rotation of one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L. It is possible to prevent an excessive movement speed that causes the angular speed to deviate from the allowable range.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 generates the requested center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim (the requested center-of-gravity speed where one or both of Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim are not “0”) in response to a request by a steering operation such as an occupant.
- a steering operation such as an occupant.
- the electric motors 31R and 31L have a high rotational angular velocity that deviates from the allowable range (specifically, as long as Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 shown in FIG.
- the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim are determined as the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively. For this reason, the moving speed of the wheel body 5 is controlled so as to realize the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim (so that the actual center-of-gravity speed approaches the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim).
- the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 sets the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim to “0” as described above when the operation mode of the vehicle 1 is the self-supporting mode.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 requests the X-axis direction while maintaining the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_y_aim in the Y-axis direction at “0”.
- the center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim is variably determined in accordance with a steering operation of the vehicle 1 (operation for adding a propulsive force to the vehicle 1) by a passenger or the like.
- a propulsive force (a propulsive force generated by a frictional force between the occupant's foot and the floor) that causes the vehicle 1 to kick the floor and thereby increase the moving speed in the front-rear direction.
- an external assistant or the like may add a driving force that increases the moving speed in the front-rear direction to the vehicle 1 in response to a request from a passenger of the vehicle 1.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines the vehicle based on the temporal change rate of the magnitude (absolute value) of the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction calculated by the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72. While determining whether or not an acceleration request is generated as a request for increasing the moving speed of 1 (specifically, the moving speed of the vehicle system center of gravity point) in the X-axis direction, the required center of gravity speed Vb_x_aim is sequentially determined accordingly. .
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 holds the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction at “0”.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction by sequentially executing the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 14 at a predetermined control processing cycle.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 first executes the processing of STEP21. In this process, the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 calculates a temporal change rate (differential value) DVb_x_s of the absolute value
- DVb_x_s is referred to as the gravity center velocity absolute value change rate DVb_x_s.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines a basic value of the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim (hereinafter referred to as the requested center-of-gravity speed basic value Vb_x_aim1), and then first-order lags to the requested center-of-gravity speed basic value Vb_x_aim1.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim is determined so as to follow the response time constant (normally match).
- how to determine the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 is defined by the arithmetic processing mode.
- calculation processing modes there are two types of calculation processing modes, a first processing mode and a second processing mode.
- ⁇ dotw_x_cmd so that the moving speed of the vehicle 1 is attenuated (the center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is brought close to “0” by the function of the third manipulated variable component u3_xy).
- This is a processing mode for determining ⁇ dotw_x_cmd.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 converges the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction to “0” while maintaining the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the Y-axis direction at “0” (steady state).
- the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 is sequentially determined so as to hold “0”.
- the movement speed of the vehicle 1 in the X-axis direction is less likely to be attenuated than in the first processing mode (the third manipulated variable component u3_x in the X-axis direction is “0” or
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 maintains the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the Y-axis direction at “0”, and changes the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction to the actual X of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point.
- the required center-of-gravity speed basic value Vb_x_aim1 is sequentially determined so as to follow (substantially match) the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_x_s as the moving speed in the axial direction.
- the arithmetic processing mode in a state in which the control unit 50 is initialized when the control unit 50 is started is the first processing mode.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines whether the current calculation processing mode is the first processing mode or the second processing mode in STEP 22, and then the calculation processing in STEP 23 and the calculation in STEP 24, respectively. The process is executed to determine the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1.
- the calculation process corresponding to each mode is executed as follows.
- the calculation processing for the first processing mode in STEP 23 is executed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Specifically, the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 first determines whether the center-of-gravity speed absolute value change rate DVb_x_s calculated in STEP 21 is greater than a first positive threshold value DV1_x (> 0) set in advance. Is determined in STEP23-1. This determination process is a process for determining whether or not there is an acceleration request for increasing the moving speed of the vehicle 1 in the front-rear direction of the vehicle 1.
- DVb_x_s> DV1_x means that the absolute value
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 then performs STEP 23- 4, the value of the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 is set to “0”, and the processing of FIG. 15 ends.
- the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines the required center-of-gravity speed basic value in STEP 23-2.
- Vb_x_aim1 is determined.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 requests a value obtained by multiplying the estimated center-of-gravity speed value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction input from the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 by a first ratio ⁇ 1 set in advance.
- the center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 is determined.
- the first ratio ⁇ 1 is set to a positive value (for example, 0.8) slightly smaller than “1”.
- Such processing of STEP23-2 is to match the method of determining Vb_x_aim1 with the second processing mode starting from the next control processing cycle.
- the value of the first ratio ⁇ 1 is slightly smaller than “1”.
- the value of the first ratio ⁇ 1 may be set to “1” or a value slightly larger than that.
- the moving speed of the vehicle 1 specifically, the moving speed of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point
- the first ratio ⁇ 1 is set to a value slightly smaller than “1” in order to prevent it from being recognized as if it is faster than.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 changes the calculation processing mode from the first processing mode to the second processing mode in STEP 23-3, and ends the processing of FIG.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 first determines whether or not the center-of-gravity velocity absolute value change rate DVb_x_s calculated in STEP 21 is smaller than a preset negative third threshold DV3 ( ⁇ 0). Is determined in STEP24-1. This determination process is to determine whether or not a deceleration request for the passenger of the vehicle 1 to actively reduce the magnitude of the center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x has occurred. In this case, when the occupant of the vehicle 1 intentionally grounds his / her foot and generates a frictional force in the braking direction of the vehicle 1 between his / her foot and the floor, the determination result of STEP 24-1 is Become positive.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 sets the value of the requested center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 to “0” in STEP 24-9. Set to. Further, the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 ends the processing of FIG. 16 after changing the calculation processing mode from the second processing mode to the first processing mode.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 next executes the determination process of STEP 24-2.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines whether or not the center-of-gravity speed absolute value change rate DVb_x_s (value calculated in STEP 21) is smaller than a preset second threshold value DV2.
- the second threshold value DV2 is set to a predetermined negative value that is larger than the third threshold value DV3 (closer to “0” than DV3).
- the second threshold DV2 may be set to “0” or a positive value slightly larger than “0” (however, a value smaller than the first threshold DV1).
- the determination process of STEP 24-2 determines whether or not the acceleration request has been resolved (whether or not the state in which the propulsive force is applied to the vehicle 1 for increasing the moving speed of the vehicle 1 has been completed). It is.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines that the acceleration request is continued and determines the requested center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 in STEP 24-3. The process of 16 is finished.
- Vb_x_aim1 is determined by the same processing as in STEP23-2.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines, as Vb_x_aim1, a value obtained by multiplying the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction input from the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 by the first ratio ⁇ 1. In this case, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the second processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 further executes the determination process of STEP 24-4. .
- the current control processing cycle is the timing immediately after switching from the state where the acceleration request is continued to the canceling state.
- the required gravity center speed generation unit 74 initializes the countdown timer in STEP 24-5.
- This countdown timer is a timer that counts the elapsed time after the acceleration request is canceled (specifically, the elapsed time when no acceleration request and deceleration request are generated).
- a preset initial value Tm is set in the timer time value CNT.
- the initial value Tm means a set value of time for which the second processing mode is to be continued after the acceleration request is canceled and the acceleration request and the deceleration request are not generated.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines the requested center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 in STEP 24-6, and ends the processing of FIG. In this case, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the second processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 sets the second ratio ⁇ 2 of a predetermined value set in advance to the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction input from the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72.
- a value obtained by multiplying is determined as a required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1.
- the second ratio ⁇ 2 is set to a positive value (for example, 0.9) closer to “1” than the first ratio ⁇ 1, for example.
- the value of the second ratio ⁇ 2 is closer to “1” than the first ratio ⁇ 1, for example, the value of the second ratio ⁇ 2 is set to the same value as the first ratio ⁇ 1. May be.
- the second ratio ⁇ 2 may be set to “1”, a value slightly larger than “1”, or a value slightly smaller than the first ratio ⁇ 1.
- the second ratio ⁇ 2 is basically a value in the vicinity of “1”, and preferably coincides with or substantially coincides with the first ratio ⁇ 1.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines that the STEP 24 At -7, the count value CNT of the countdown timer is decremented. That is, the time value CNT is updated by subtracting the predetermined value ⁇ T (time of the control processing cycle) from the current value of the time value CNT.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines in STEP 24-8 whether or not the count value CNT of the countdown timer is greater than “0”, that is, whether or not the countdown timer has ended.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines Vb_x_s ⁇ ⁇ 2 as the requested center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 by executing the processing of STEP24-6, and ends the processing of FIG. In this case, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the second processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the required gravity center speed generation unit No. 74 sets the value of the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 to “0” in STEP25-9.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 returns the calculation processing mode from the second processing mode to the first processing mode in STEP 24-10, and ends the processing of FIG.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 performs the calculation process of any one of STEPs 23 and 24 as described above, and then filters the requested center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 determined by the calculation process. The process passed through is executed in STEP25.
- the filter is, for example, a first-order lag filter (low-pass filter). Therefore, the output value of the filter obtained in STEP 25 follows the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 with a certain time constant. For this reason, even if Vb_x_aim1 changes suddenly or discontinuously immediately after switching of the processing mode, the output value of the filter changes smoothly and follows Vb_x_aim1 (constantly matches Vb_x_aim1) Will be).
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 finally determines the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction by passing the output value of the filter through a limiter.
- the limiter is for preventing the absolute value of the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim from becoming excessive, and the output value of the filter is set to a predetermined upper limit value (> 0) and lower limit value ( ⁇ 0), the output value of the filter is output as it is as the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim.
- the limiter is close to the filter output value of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
- This limit value is output as the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value may not have the same absolute value, and the absolute values may be different from each other.
- the time constant of the filter used in STEP 25 may be changed according to the arithmetic processing mode or the like.
- the filter time constant in the first processing mode, the filter time constant may be set to a relatively long time value, and in the second processing mode, the filter time constant may be set to a relatively short time value.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim is prevented from being attenuated rapidly, particularly immediately after the transition from the second processing mode.
- the required center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim can quickly follow the actual change of the center-of-gravity speed Vb_x, particularly during the increase of the actual center-of-gravity speed Vb_x in the X-axis direction of the vehicle 1.
- the time constant of the filter is set to be shorter and the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim is set more quickly than in the situation where the deceleration request is not generated. It may be attenuated to 0 ′′.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x_aim1 itself is set to “0” at a predetermined change rate (predetermined temporal change rate). You may make it change gradually.
- the required center of gravity speed Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction is determined in the following manner.
- a substantially longitudinal propulsive force (specifically, a propulsive force that makes a positive determination in STEP 23-1) is applied to the vehicle 1.
- the arithmetic processing mode before adding the propulsive force is the first processing mode.
- the output value of the filter obtained in STEP 25 of FIG. 14 falls within a range where the limit is not forcibly restricted by the limiter in STEP 26. That is, the required center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim determined sequentially in STEP 26 is assumed to match the value obtained by passing the required center-of-gravity speed basic value Vb_x_aim1 through the filter.
- Vb_x_aim The required center of gravity speed Vb_x_aim determined in this way is determined as the control target center of gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd in the X-axis direction. Therefore, Vb_x_mdfd is a value that matches or substantially matches ⁇ 1 ⁇ Vb_x_s. Further, since the required center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_aim in the Y-axis direction is held at “0”, the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd in the Y-axis direction becomes “0”.
- the third manipulated variable components u3_x and u3_y included in the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd and ⁇ dotw_y_cmd are determined so that the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s converge to the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively.
- the actual moving speed of the vehicle system center of gravity (acceleration in the front-rear direction) due to the propulsive force applied by the occupant to the vehicle 1 is promptly performed in accordance with the request by the propulsive force.
- the moving speed of the wheel body 5 is controlled. Therefore, the vehicle 1 is smoothly accelerated in the front-rear direction of the occupant by the propulsive force applied.
- the current value (current value) of the estimated center-of-gravity velocity value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction is multiplied by the second ratio ⁇ 2 of the predetermined value during the predetermined time Tm until the countdown timer finishes counting.
- Value that is, a velocity value slightly smaller than Vb_x_s is sequentially determined as the required center-of-gravity velocity basic value Vb_x__aim1.
- the required center of gravity speed Vb_x_aim determined in this way is determined as the control target center of gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd in the X-axis direction. Therefore, Vb_x_mdfd is a value that matches or substantially matches ⁇ 2 ⁇ Vb_x_s. Further, since the required center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_aim in the Y-axis direction is held at “0”, the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd in the Y-axis direction becomes “0”.
- the third manipulated variable components u3_x and u3_y included in the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd and ⁇ dotw_y_cmd are determined so that the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s converge to the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively.
- K3_x ⁇ (1 ⁇ 2) corresponds to the sensitivity to speed. Since 1 ⁇ 2 is a value close to “0” (in this embodiment, for example, 0.1), the speed sensitivity is also close to “0”. For this reason, ⁇ dotw_x_cmd has a low dependency on Vb_x_s as in the period from the start of the second processing mode to the cancellation of the acceleration request.
- the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd in the Y-axis direction becomes “0”.
- the third manipulated variable components u3_x and u3_y included in the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd and ⁇ dotw_y_cmd are determined so that the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s converge to the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively.
- the third manipulated variable component u3_x related to the X-axis direction increases in the braking direction. For this reason, the moving speed of the vehicle 1 in the X-axis direction is attenuated.
- the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd in the X-axis direction basically becomes “0” or monotonically approaches “0”.
- the sensitivity to speed corresponds to the third gain coefficient K3_x (> K3_x ⁇ (1 ⁇ 1)) or approaches K3_x from K3_x ⁇ (1 ⁇ 2). Therefore, in the second processing mode, the speed sensitivity is relatively lower than in the first processing mode.
- the driving force applied to the wheel body 5 so that Vb_x_s approaches “0” acts stronger than in the second processing mode.
- the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd in the Y-axis direction is basically “0”. Therefore, in this embodiment, the moving speed Vb_y of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point in the Y-axis direction is difficult to change.
- the third manipulated variable component u3_x in the second processing mode can be set to “0”.
- ⁇ dotw_x_cmd can be determined without being affected by the center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction.
- the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction correspond to the first direction and the second direction in the present invention, respectively.
- the tilt angle measuring means in the present invention is realized by the tilt sensor 52 and the processing of STEP 2 in FIG.
- the inclination angles ⁇ b_x and ⁇ b_y of the base 9 correspond to the inclination angles of the mounting portion in the present invention.
- the vehicle system center of gravity point (specifically, the vehicle / occupant overall center of gravity point) corresponds to a predetermined representative point of the vehicle in the present invention
- the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 realizes the representative point speed measuring means in the present invention. Is done.
- the center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x and Vb_y correspond to the movement speed of the representative point in the present invention.
- moving operation unit control means in the present invention is realized by the processing of STEPs 9 and 10 of FIG. 7 executed by the control unit 50.
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd and ⁇ dotw_y_cmd correspond to the control operation amounts in the present invention.
- ⁇ dotw_x_cmd corresponds to the first control operation amount
- ⁇ dotw_y_cmd corresponds to the second control operation amount.
- the third term on the right side of 07x corresponds to the 1a gain coefficient, the 1b gain coefficient, the 1a manipulated variable component, and the 1b manipulated variable component in the present invention, respectively, and the calculation process of Expression 07x corresponds to the first synthesis process To do.
- the third gain coefficient K3_x and the third manipulated variable component u3_x (the third term on the right side of Expression 07x) in the second processing mode correspond to the first d gain coefficient and the first d manipulated variable in the present invention, respectively.
- the first b gain coefficient and the first d gain coefficient have the same value, but the value of the third gain coefficient K3_x may be different between the first processing mode and the second processing mode. Good.
- the acceleration request determination means in the present invention is realized by the determination processing in STEP23-1.
- the case where the determination result in STEP 23-1 is affirmative corresponds to the case where the predetermined first condition in the present invention is satisfied.
- the determination result of STEP 24-1 is affirmative, or when the determination results of STEP 24-2 and STEP 24-4 are affirmative and negative, respectively, the predetermined second condition in the present invention is It corresponds to the case where it is established.
- control unit 50 has a function shown in the block diagram of FIG. 17 as a function for executing the vehicle control calculation process of STEP 9 of FIG. 7 described above.
- the control unit 50 includes the deviation calculator 70, the centroid speed calculator 72, the gain adjuster 78, the centroid speed limiter 76, the attitude control calculator 80, the motor.
- a command calculation unit 82 and a delay element 84 are provided.
- control unit 50 uses the gain for adjusting the value of the third gain coefficient K3_x related to the third manipulated variable component u3_x instead of the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 in the first embodiment.
- a speed gain adjustment unit 106 that determines the adjustment parameter Kr_3 is provided. Then, the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_x_s calculated by the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 is input to the speed gain adjustment unit 106.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 includes a speed.
- a gain adjustment parameter Kr_3 determined by the gain adjustment unit 106 is input.
- the values of the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim used in the process of the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76 are always “ 0 ”. For this reason, in FIG. 17, the input of Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim to the center-of-gravity speed limit unit 76 is omitted. A part of the processing of the unit 80 is different from that of the first embodiment, and the other processes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- This embodiment variably adjusts the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction, and consequently the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd, when a substantially longitudinal thrust is applied to the vehicle 1, as in the first embodiment. Instead, the value of the first gain coefficient K3_x is adjusted.
- the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x for adjusting the value of the first gain coefficient K3_x is sequentially determined by the speed gain adjustment unit 106.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x by the process shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 first executes the same processing as STEP 21 in STEP 31, and calculates the gravity center speed absolute value change rate DVb_x_s.
- the speed gain adjusting unit 106 executes the determination process of STEP32.
- This determination processing is the same determination processing as in STEP 22, and the current calculation processing mode (the mode of how to determine the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd, ⁇ dotw_x_cmd) is the first processing mode or in the second processing mode. It is judged whether there is.
- the first processing mode attenuates the moving speed of the vehicle 1 (the center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is set to “0 by the function of the third manipulated variable component u3_xy”.
- the speed gain adjusting unit 106 determines whether the current calculation processing mode is the first processing mode or the second processing mode in STEP 32, and then the calculation processing of STEP 33 and STEP 34, respectively.
- An arithmetic process is executed to determine a basic value Kr3_x_1 (hereinafter referred to as a gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1) of the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x.
- the calculation processing for the first processing mode in STEP 33 is executed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Specifically, the speed gain adjustment unit 106 first determines whether or not an acceleration request for the vehicle 1 has been generated by executing the same determination processing as STEP 23-1 in STEP 33-1.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 sets the value of the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 to “1” in STEP 33-4. ”And the process of FIG. 19 is terminated. In this case, since the arithmetic processing mode is not changed, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the first processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 sets the value of the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 to “0” in STEP 33-2. decide. Furthermore, the speed gain adjustment unit 106 changes the calculation processing mode from the first processing mode to the second processing mode in STEP 33-3, and ends the processing of FIG.
- the arithmetic processing for the second processing mode in STEP 34 is executed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Specifically, the speed gain adjusting unit 106 first determines whether or not a deceleration request for the vehicle 1 has occurred by executing the same determination processing as STEP 24-1 in STEP 34-1.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 determines the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 to “1” in STEP 34-9. Furthermore, the speed gain adjustment unit 106 returns the calculation processing mode from the second processing mode to the first processing mode in STEP 34-10, and ends the processing of FIG.
- the acceleration request is resolved by executing the same determination process in STEP 34-2 as in STEP 24-2. Determine whether or not. Then, when the determination result in STEP 34-2 is affirmative (when the acceleration request is considered to be continuing), the speed gain adjustment unit 106 sets the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 in STEP 34-3. The value is determined to be “0”, and the processing in FIG. In this case, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the second processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 executes the same determination process in STEP 34-4 in STEP 34-4, so that the current control processing cycle is accelerated. It is determined whether or not it is the timing immediately after the request has been switched to the canceled state.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 initializes the count value CNT of the countdown timer for counting the elapsed time after cancellation of the acceleration request by executing the same processing as STEP 24-5 in STEP 34-5 ( A predetermined time Tm is set as the time measurement value CNT).
- the speed gain adjusting unit 106 determines the value of the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 to “0” in STEP 34-6, and ends the processing of FIG. In this case, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the second processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 determines that the above-mentioned STEP 24-7 By executing the same processing in STEP 34-7, the count value CNT of the countdown timer is decremented.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 executes the same determination process as in STEP 24-8 in STEP 34-8, thereby determining whether the countdown timer has ended.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 performs gain adjustment in STEP 34-6.
- the value of the parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 is determined to be “0”, and the processing in FIG. In this case, the arithmetic processing mode is maintained in the second processing mode even in the next control processing cycle.
- the speed gain adjusting unit 106 determines whether the above-described STEP 34-9, 34- 10 is executed, and the process of FIG. 20 is terminated. That is, in the speed gain adjusting unit 106, the required center-of-gravity speed generating unit 74 determines the value of the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 to “1” and returns the calculation processing mode from the second processing mode to the first processing mode.
- the speed gain adjustment unit 106 executes the calculation process of any of STEPs 33 and 34 as described above, and then uses the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 determined by the calculation process as a filter.
- the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x is finally determined by executing the passing process in STEP35.
- the filter is, for example, a first-order lag filter (low-pass filter). Therefore, the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x follows the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 with a certain time constant. For this reason, the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x follows Kr3_x_1 while changing smoothly (constantly coincides with Kr3_x_1).
- the time constant of the filter used in STEP 35 may be changed according to the arithmetic processing mode or the like.
- the filter time constant in the first processing mode, the filter time constant may be set to a relatively long time value, and in the second processing mode, the filter time constant may be set to a relatively short time value.
- the time constant of the filter in the first processing mode, is set shorter in the situation where the deceleration request is generated than in the situation where the deceleration request is not generated, and the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x is more quickly set. You may make it return to "1".
- the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 itself is set to “0” at a predetermined change rate (predetermined temporal change rate). From 1 to "1" may be gradually changed.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 to which the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x determined as described above is input, as described below, the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd as an operation amount (control input). , ⁇ wdot_y_cmd is determined. Then, as in the first embodiment, the attitude control calculation unit 80 integrates ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd to determine and output virtual wheel rotation speed commands ⁇ w_x_com and ⁇ w_y_com.
- the method of determining the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd related to the X-axis direction is different from that in the first embodiment.
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd is determined by the calculation of the following expression 07x2.
- This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the matters described above.
- a substantially longitudinal propulsive force is applied to the vehicle 1 as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the calculation processing mode is set to the first processing mode by the processing in STEP 33-3 in FIG.
- the processing mode is changed to the second processing mode.
- the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x is held at “0” or determined to be a value closer to “0” than “1”.
- K3_x ⁇ Kr3_x corresponds to the sensitivity (vs. speed sensitivity) of the change in ⁇ dotw_x_cmd with respect to the change in Vb_x_s.
- ⁇ dotw_x_cmd has a low dependency on Vb_x_s, and even if Vb_x_s changes, ⁇ dotw_x_cmd does not change or the change becomes minute.
- the driving force applied to the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction by the electric motors 31R, 31L is less likely to be regulated according to the value of Vb_x_s.
- the vehicle 1 is smoothly accelerated in the front-rear direction of the occupant by the propulsive force applied.
- the speed sensitivity is also “0”, and ⁇ dotw_x_cmd is not affected by Vb_x_s. Therefore, even if the acceleration request is canceled, the drive applied to the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction by the electric motors 31R and 31L is performed until the predetermined time Tm elapses after the cancellation, unless a deceleration request is generated. The force is not affected by the value of Vb_x_s.
- the vehicle 1 slides for a predetermined time period Tm even if the occupant does not perform a maneuvering operation that positively moves the upper body. The state will be maintained.
- the value of the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 is changed from “0” to “1”. Changed to For this reason, the gain adjustment parameter Kr3_x approaches “1” from “0”, and is finally maintained at “1”.
- the third term (third manipulated variable component u3_x) of the expression 07x2 increases in the braking direction. For this reason, the moving speed of the vehicle 1 in the X-axis direction is attenuated.
- the sensitivity to speed corresponds to the third gain coefficient K3_x (> K3_x ⁇ Kr3_x) or approaches K3_x from K3_x ⁇ Kr3_x. Therefore, also in the present embodiment, in the second processing mode, the speed sensitivity is relatively lower than in the first processing mode. In the first processing mode, the driving force applied to the wheel body 5 so that Vb_x_s approaches “0” acts stronger than in the second processing mode.
- the third gain coefficient K3_y is the same in the first processing mode and the second processing mode. Accordingly, in both the first processing mode and the second processing mode, the moving speed Vb_y of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point in the Y-axis direction is unlikely to fluctuate, as in the first embodiment.
- the value of the gain adjustment parameter basic value Kr3_x_1 is set to “0” in STEPs 34-3 and 34-6 in the second processing mode, but in both or one of STEPs 34-3 and 34-6, Kr3_x_1 may be set to a value slightly larger than “0” (for example, 0.1). Even in this case, basically, the sensitivity to speed in the second processing mode is sufficiently reduced so that the driving force applied to the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction is unlikely to be affected by the value of Vb_x_s. Can be.
- the third term on the right side corresponds to the 1a gain coefficient, the 1b gain coefficient, the 1a operation amount component, and the 1b operation amount component in the present invention, respectively, and the calculation process of Expression 07x corresponds to the first synthesis process.
- the acceleration request determination means in the present invention is realized by the determination processing of STEP 33-1.
- the case where the determination result in STEP 33-1 is affirmative corresponds to the case where the predetermined first condition in the present invention is satisfied.
- the predetermined second condition in the present invention is It corresponds to the case where it is established.
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_y_cmd as the operation amount is determined by the same processing in the first processing mode and the second processing mode.
- ⁇ wdot_y_cmd may be determined by different processing in the first processing mode and the second processing mode.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_y_aim in the Y-axis direction may be determined so as to change between the first processing mode and the second processing mode, as in the first embodiment.
- the gain adjustment parameter for adjusting the gain coefficient of the third term of the expression 07y is determined to be changed between the first processing mode and the second processing mode by the same method as in the second embodiment.
- ⁇ wdot_y_cmd may be determined by an expression obtained by further multiplying the gain adjustment parameter by the third term of Expression 07y.
- the vehicle 1 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is exemplified.
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle 1 in the present invention is not limited to the vehicle exemplified in the present embodiment.
- the wheel body 5 as the moving operation unit of the vehicle 1 has an integral structure.
- the wheel body 5 has a structure as shown in FIG. May be. That is, a plurality of rollers are extrapolated on a rigid annular shaft body so that the shaft centers in the tangential direction of the shaft body, and the plurality of rollers are circumferentially arranged along the shaft body. You may comprise a wheel body by arranging in a direction.
- the moving operation unit may have a crawler-like structure as described in FIG.
- the moving operation unit is configured by a sphere, and the sphere is connected to an actuator device (
- the vehicle may be configured to be rotationally driven in the direction around the X axis and the direction around the Y axis by an actuator device having the wheel body 5).
- FIG. 8 of patent document 3 shows, for example, the passenger
- the vehicle may have a structure in which the step of placing and the portion gripped by the occupant standing on the step are assembled to the base body.
- the present invention can be applied to an inverted pendulum type vehicle having various structures as seen in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like.
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle according to the present invention may include a plurality of moving operation units (for example, two in the left-right direction, two in the front-rear direction, or three or more).
- the moving operation unit does not have to be movable in all directions, and may be movable only in one direction.
- the carrying part of the object to be transported only needs to be assembled to the base body so as to be tiltable only around one axis.
- a moving operation that can be moved only in the X-axis direction (the occupant's front-rear direction) and cannot tilt (or is difficult to tilt) in the direction around the X-axis.
- the vehicle 1 may include a moving operation unit in which a plurality of wheels that are rotatable only around an axis in the Y-axis direction are coaxially arranged in the Y-axis direction.
- the mounting portion may be tiltable only about the axis in the Y-axis direction, and the moving operation unit may move in the X-axis direction in accordance with the tilting.
- the base body tilts together with the riding section of the occupant.
- the base body to which these moving operation units are assembled is prevented from tilting with respect to the floor surface, and the riding section is assembled to be tiltable with respect to the base body. Also good.
- SYMBOLS 1 Inverted pendulum type vehicle, 3 ... Seat (boarding part), 5 ... Wheel body (moving operation part), 7 ... Actuator apparatus, 9 ... Base
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Abstract
Description
前記搭乗部の実際の傾斜角度に応じた出力を生成する傾斜角度計測手段と、
前記車両の所定の代表点の移動速度に応じた出力を生成する代表点速度計測手段と、
前記移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する制御用操作量を決定し、その決定した制御用操作量に応じて前記移動動作部の移動動作を前記アクチュエータ装置を介して制御する移動動作部制御手段とを備え、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記搭乗部に乗員が搭乗した状態で前記制御用操作量を決定するための処理モードとして、第1処理モードと、該第1処理モードの処理の実行中に所定の第1条件が成立した場合に該第1処理モードから移行する第2処理モードとを有すると共に、前記第1処理モードでは、前記傾斜角度計測手段の出力が示す前記搭乗部の傾斜角度の計測値と所定値の目標傾斜角度との偏差である傾斜偏差と、前記代表点速度計測手段の出力が示す前記代表点の移動速度の計測値と所定値の目標移動速度との偏差である速度偏差とを“0”に近づけるように、少なくとも前記傾斜偏差と速度偏差とに応じて前記制御用操作量を決定し、前記第2処理モードでは、前記代表点の移動速度の計測値又は該代表点の移動速度の計測値のうちの所定方向の成分の変化に対する前記制御用操作量の変化の感度が前記第1処理モードよりも相対的に低くなるようにしつつ、前記傾斜偏差及び速度偏差のうちの少なくとも傾斜偏差を“0”に近づけるように、少なくとも該傾斜偏差に応じて前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする(第1発明)。
本発明の第1実施形態を以下に説明する。まず、図1~図6を参照して、本実施形態における倒立振子型車両の構造を説明する。
ωw_x=(ω_R+ω_L)/2 ……式01a
ωw_y=C・(ω_R-ω_L)/2 ……式01b
なお、式01bにおける“C”は、前記フリーローラ29R,29Lと車輪体5との間の機構的な関係や滑りに依存する所定値の係数である。また、ωw_x,ω_R,ω_Lの正の向きは、仮想車輪62_xが前方に向かって輪転する場合の該仮想車輪62_xの回転方向、ωw_yの正の向きは、仮想車輪62_yが左向きに輪転する場合の該仮想車輪62_yの回転方向である。
d2θbe_x/dt2=α_x・θbe_x+β_x・ωwdot_x ……式03x
d2θbe_y/dt2=α_y・θbe_y+β_y・ωwdot_y ……式03y
式03xにおけるωwdot_xは仮想車輪62_xの回転角加速度(回転角速度ωw_xの1階微分値)、α_xは、質点60_xの質量や高さh_xに依存する係数、β_xは、仮想車輪62_xのイナーシャ(慣性モーメント)や半径Rw_xに依存する係数である。式03yにおけるωwdot_y、α_y、β_yについても上記と同様である。
Vb_x_s=Rw_x・ωw_x_cmd_p+h_x・θbdot_x_s ……05x
Vb_y_s=Rw_y・ωw_y_cmd_p+h_y・θbdot_y_s ……05y
これらの式05x,05yにおいて、Rw_x,Rw_yは、前記したように、仮想車輪62_x,62_yのそれぞれの半径であり、これらの値は、あらかじめ設定された所定値である。また、h_x,h_yは、それぞれ倒立振子モデルの質点60_x,60_yの高さである。この場合、本実施形態では、車両系重心点の高さは、ほぼ一定に維持されるものとされる。そこで、h_x,h_yの値としては、それぞれ、あらかじめ設定された所定値が用いられる。補足すると、高さh_x,h_yは、前記STEP6又は8において値を設定する定数パラメータに含まれるものである。
ωwdot_x_cmd=K1_x・θbe_x_s+K2_x・θbdot_x_s
+K3_x・(Vb_x_s-Vb_x_mdfd) ……式07x
ωwdot_y_cmd=K1_y・θbe_y_s+K2_y・θbdot_y_s
+K3_y・(Vb_y_s-Vb_y_mdfd) ……式07y
従って、本実施形態では、Y軸方向から見た倒立振子モデルの質点60_xの運動(ひいては、Y軸方向から見た車両系重心点の運動)を制御するための操作量(制御入力)としての仮想車輪回転角加速度指令ωdotw_x_comと、X軸方向から見た倒立振子モデルの質点60_yの運動(ひいては、X軸方向から見た車両系重心点の運動)を制御するための操作量(制御入力)としての仮想車輪回転角加速度指令ωdotw_y_comとは、それぞれ、3つの操作量成分(式07x,07yの右辺の3つの項)を加え合わせることによって決定される。
Ki_x=(1-Kr_x)・Ki_a_x+Kr_x・Ki_b_x ……式09x
Ki_y=(1-Kr_y)・Ki_a_y+Kr_y・Ki_b_y ……式09y
(i=1,2,3)
ここで、式09xにおけるKi_a_x、Ki_b_xは、それぞれ、第iゲイン係数Ki_xの最小側(“0”に近い側)のゲイン係数値、最大側(“0”から離れる側)のゲイン係数値としてあらかじめ設定された定数値である。このことは、式09yにおけるKi_a_y、Ki_b_yについても同様である。
[第2実施形態]
次に、本発明の第2実施形態を図17~図20を参照して説明する。なお、本実施形態は、制御ユニット50の一部の処理のみが第1実施形態と相違するものとである。従って、本実施形態の説明では、第1実施形態と同一の構成部分又は同一の機能部分については、第1実施形態と同一の参照符号を用い、詳細な説明を省略する。
そして、本実施形態における制御ユニット50の処理は、速度ゲイン調整部106の処理と、姿勢制御演算部80の一部の処理とが、第1実施形態と相違し、それ以外は、第1実施形態と同じである。
ωwdot_x_cmd=K1_x・θbe_x_s+K2_x・θbdot_x_s
+(K3_x・Kr3)・(Vb_x_s-Vb_x_mdfd)
……式07x2
すなわち、姿勢制御演算部80は、前記式07xの右辺の第3項(第3操作量成分u3_x)におけるゲイン係数K3_xの代わりに、このゲイン係数K3_xにゲイン調整パラメータKr3_xを乗じてなるゲイン係数(=K3_x・Kr3_x)を用いた式によって、ωwdot_x_cmdを決定する。この場合、Kr3=0である場合には、式07x2の第3項は、“0”となる。
Claims (9)
- 床面上を移動可能な移動動作部と、該移動動作部を駆動するアクチュエータ装置と、該移動動作部及びアクチュエータ装置が組付けられた基体と、鉛直方向に対して傾動自在に前記基体に組付けられた乗員の搭乗部とを備えた倒立振子型車両の制御装置であって、
前記搭乗部の実際の傾斜角度に応じた出力を生成する傾斜角度計測手段と、
前記車両の所定の代表点の移動速度に応じた出力を生成する代表点速度計測手段と、
前記移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する制御用操作量を決定し、その決定した制御用操作量に応じて前記移動動作部の移動動作を前記アクチュエータ装置を介して制御する移動動作部制御手段とを備え、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記搭乗部に乗員が搭乗した状態で前記制御用操作量を決定するための処理モードとして、第1処理モードと、該第1処理モードの処理の実行中に所定の第1条件が成立した場合に該第1処理モードから移行する第2処理モードとを有すると共に、前記第1処理モードでは、前記傾斜角度計測手段の出力が示す前記搭乗部の傾斜角度の計測値と所定値の目標傾斜角度との偏差である傾斜偏差と、前記代表点速度計測手段の出力が示す前記代表点の移動速度の計測値と所定値の目標移動速度との偏差である速度偏差とを“0”に近づけるように、少なくとも前記傾斜偏差と速度偏差とに応じて前記制御用操作量を決定し、前記第2処理モードでは、前記代表点の移動速度の計測値又は該代表点の移動速度の計測値のうちの所定方向の成分の変化に対する前記制御用操作量の変化の感度が前記第1処理モードよりも相対的に低くなるようにしつつ、前記傾斜偏差及び速度偏差のうちの少なくとも傾斜偏差を“0”に近づけるように、少なくとも該傾斜偏差に応じて前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部は、床面上を互いに直交する第1の方向及び第2の方向を含む全方向に移動可能に構成されていると共に、前記搭乗部は、前記第1の方向の軸周りと第2の方向の軸周りとの2軸周りに傾動自在に前記基体に組付けられており、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記第1処理モードでは、前記傾斜偏差のうちの第2の方向の軸周り成分である第1傾斜偏差成分と、第1の方向の軸周り成分である第2傾斜偏差成分と、前記速度偏差のうちの第1の方向の成分である第1速度偏差成分と第2の方向の成分である第2速度偏差成分とをそれぞれ“0”に近づけるように前記制御用操作量を決定し、前記第2処理モードでは、前記代表点の移動速度の計測値のうちの少なくとも第1の方向の成分の変化に対する前記制御用操作量の変化の感度が前記第1処理モードよりも相対的に低くなるようにしつつ、前記第1傾斜偏差成分、第2傾斜偏差成分、第1速度偏差成分及び第2速度偏差成分のうちの少なくとも第1傾斜偏差成分及び第2傾斜偏差成分を“0”に近づけるように前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項2記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記第1の方向及び第2の方向は、それぞれ前記搭乗部に搭乗した乗員の前後方向、左右方向に設定されており、前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記第2処理モードでは、少なくとも前記代表点の移動速度の計測値のうちの第1の方向の成分の変化に対する前記制御用操作量の変化の感度が前記第1処理モードよりも相対的に低くなり、且つ、前記代表点の移動速度の計測値のうちの第2の方向の成分の変化に対する前記制御用操作量の変化の感度が前記第1処理モードよりも低くならないようにしつつ、前記第1傾斜偏差成分、第2傾斜偏差成分、第1速度偏差成分及び第2速度偏差成分のうちの少なくとも第1傾斜偏差成分、第2傾斜偏差成分及び第2速度偏差成分を“0”に近づけるように、少なくとも該第1傾斜偏差成分、第2傾斜偏差成分及び第2速度偏差成分に応じて前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部は、床面上を少なくとも前記所定方向としての第1の方向に移動可能であると共に、前記制御用操作量は、前記第1の方向での移動動作部の移動動作を制御するために該移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する第1制御用操作量を少なくとも含み、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、
前記第1処理モードでは、少なくとも前記第1の方向に直交する方向の軸周りでの前記傾斜偏差に第1aゲイン係数を乗じてなる第1a操作量成分と前記第1の方向での前記速度偏差に第1bゲイン係数を乗じてなる第1b操作量成分とを含む所定の複数種類の操作量成分を合成する第1合成処理により前記第1制御用操作量を決定し、
前記第2処理モードでは、前記第1の方向での前記速度偏差に前記第1bゲイン係数よりも小さい絶対値を有する第1cゲインを乗じてなる第1c操作量成分と、前記第1の方向での前記代表点の移動速度の計測値と該計測値に一致又は追従させるように該計測値に応じて可変的に決定した前記第1の方向での代表点の目標移動速度との偏差に第1dゲイン係数を乗じてなる第1d操作量成分と、“0”とのうちのいずれか1つを前記第1b操作量成分に代わりに用いる前記第1合成処理により前記第1制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項2記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記制御用操作量は、前記第1の方向での移動動作部の移動動作を制御するために該移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する第1制御用操作量と、前記第2の方向での移動動作部の移動動作を制御するために該移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する第2制御用操作量とから構成され、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、
前記第1処理モードでは、少なくとも前記第1傾斜偏差成分に第1aゲイン係数を乗じてなる第1a操作量成分と、前記第1速度偏差成分に第1bゲイン係数を乗じてなる第1b操作量成分とを含む所定の複数種類の操作量成分を合成する第1合成処理により前記第1制御用操作量を決定すると共に、少なくとも前記第2傾斜偏差成分に第2aゲイン係数を乗じてなる第2a操作量成分と、前記第2速度偏差成分に第2bゲイン係数を乗じてなる第2b操作量成分とを含む所定の複数種類の操作量成分を合成する第2合成処理により前記第2制御用操作量を決定し、
前記第2処理モードでは、前記第1速度偏差に前記第1bゲイン係数よりも小さい絶対値を有する第1cゲインを乗じてなる第1c操作量成分と、前記代表点の移動速度の計測値のうちの前記第1の方向の成分と該成分に一致又は追従させるように該成分に応じて可変的に決定した該第1の方向での前記代表点の目標移動速度との偏差に第1dゲイン係数を乗じてなる第1d操作量成分と、“0”とのうちのいずれか1つを前記第1b操作量成分に代わりに用いる前記第1合成処理により前記第1制御用操作量を決定すると共に、前記第1処理モードと同一の前記第2合成処理により前記第2制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記第2処理モードの処理の実行中に所定の第2条件が成立した場合に、前記第1処理モードの処理を再開することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項6記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記代表点の移動速度を増速させる要求である加速要求が発生した否かを判断する加速要求判断手段を備え、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記第1処理モードの処理の実行中に前記加速要求判断手段の判断結果が肯定的になった場合に、前記所定の第1条件が成立したものとして、前記第2処理モードの処理の実行を開始することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項7記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記第2処理モードの処理の実行中に、前記加速要求判断手段の判断結果が否定的となる状態が所定時間、継続した場合に、前記所定の第2条件が成立したものとして前記第1処理モードの処理を再開することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項7記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記車両は、前記アクチュエータ装置により前記移動動作部を駆動することによって発生する車両の推進力以外の外力が付加された場合に、該外力によって前記代表点の移動速度を増速可能な車両であり、
前記加速要求判断手段は、少なくとも前記代表点の移動速度の計測値の大きさの時間的変化率又は該計測値のうちの前記所定方向の成分の大きさの時間的変化率である速度変化率に基づいて前記加速要求が発生したか否かを判断することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112009005250.9T DE112009005250B4 (de) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Regelungs-/Steuerungsvorrichtung eines inverspendelartigen Fahrzeugs |
JP2011531655A JP5306473B2 (ja) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | 倒立振子型車両の制御装置 |
US13/394,618 US8478490B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Control device of inverted pendulum type vehicle |
PCT/JP2009/004732 WO2011033581A1 (ja) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | 倒立振子型車両の制御装置 |
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PCT/JP2009/004732 WO2011033581A1 (ja) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | 倒立振子型車両の制御装置 |
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JP5426681B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-18 | 2014-02-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型移動体 |
JP6095436B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 | 2017-03-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6111119B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-04-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6062784B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2017-01-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6081271B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-02-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6081270B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-02-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6062785B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-01-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6099485B2 (ja) | 2013-05-31 | 2017-03-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6099484B2 (ja) | 2013-05-31 | 2017-03-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6099483B2 (ja) | 2013-05-31 | 2017-03-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP7398111B2 (ja) | 2018-05-24 | 2023-12-14 | 学校法人 芝浦工業大学 | 耐食性及び強度に優れたアルミニウム合金材及びその製造方法 |
US11286649B2 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-03-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Estimating yaw of rotating body using velocity measurements |
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JP2004129435A (ja) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-22 | Sony Corp | 搬送装置、制御方法、及び駆動機構 |
JP2006282160A (ja) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-10-19 | Univ Of Tokyo | 全方向移動ロボット及び該ロボットの全方向移動駆動機構 |
WO2008139740A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 全方向に移動可能な乗り物 |
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JP3070015B2 (ja) | 1990-11-30 | 2000-07-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 不安定車両の走行制御装置 |
US6543564B1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 2003-04-08 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Balancing personal vehicle |
KR101113927B1 (ko) | 2007-04-20 | 2012-02-29 | 혼다 기켄 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 전방향 구동 장치 및 그것을 이용한 전방향 이동차 |
EP2138378B1 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2018-08-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Omnidirectional driver and omnidirectional vehicle employing it |
WO2009004844A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-08 | Equos Research Co., Ltd. | 車両 |
JP4605204B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-24 | 2011-01-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 倒立振子型移動体、及びその制御方法 |
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- 2009-09-18 JP JP2011531655A patent/JP5306473B2/ja active Active
- 2009-09-18 US US13/394,618 patent/US8478490B2/en active Active
- 2009-09-18 WO PCT/JP2009/004732 patent/WO2011033581A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
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JP2004129435A (ja) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-22 | Sony Corp | 搬送装置、制御方法、及び駆動機構 |
JP2006282160A (ja) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-10-19 | Univ Of Tokyo | 全方向移動ロボット及び該ロボットの全方向移動駆動機構 |
WO2008139740A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 全方向に移動可能な乗り物 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2011033581A1 (ja) | 2013-02-07 |
DE112009005250B4 (de) | 2015-05-28 |
DE112009005250T5 (de) | 2013-01-24 |
US8478490B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
US20120173086A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
JP5306473B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
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