WO2011033325A1

WO2011033325A1 - Cooling, heating, surface-radiating and air exchanging building system with low energy consumption for energy-saving houses with increased passive quality

Info

Publication number: WO2011033325A1
Application number: PCT/HU2009/000084
Authority: WO
Inventors: Béla BOLDOGHY; József KUMMERT; Ferenc Kiss; Katalin Farkas
Original assignee: Boldoghy Bela; Kummert Jozsef; Ferenc Kiss; Katalin Farkas
Priority date: 2009-09-15
Filing date: 2009-09-30
Publication date: 2011-03-24
Also published as: HU0900578D0; HUP0900578A2

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a cooling, heating, surface-radiating and air exchanging building system with low energy consumption for energy-saving houses with increased passive quality, in case of which the cooling, heating and air exchanging of the house built with a building mantle of especially great thermal insulation, is ensured by a thermal circulation system of low energy consumption working itself, respectively with the help of gravity using surface-radiating elements. The building system according to the invention contains thermal-insulated walls, thermal-insulated roof structure, thermal-insulated infrastructure, pipe-system placed in the ground, radiating ceiling surface, stove, and chimney. The cooling, heating and air- exchange of the building (1) takes place in summer using the increase of temperature of the air between the glass panes of the window (7), in winter using suction effect resulting from the warming up of the air in the heat-storing unit (4) heated by the heated stove (8) and by guiding the fresh air sucked in from outside through a fresh air intake and filter opening (22) and by guiding the cooled or heated air led through a pipe-system (13) placed in the ground to the heat-storing unit (4) with hollow-system (9), situated in the central part of the building (1), forming an integral unit with the stove (8), afterwards by guiding the air into the energy-distributing space (6) where the temperature is transferred partly to the radiating ceiling surface (5) radiating the heat towards the living space (12), and then the air is guided from the energy-distributing "space (6) to the living spaces (12) through the air intake openings (14) formed in the radiating ceiling surface (5), from where the amount of air according to demand escapes to the open air between the glass panes of the window (7) and between the roof covering (21) and thermal-insulated roof structure (3), respectively it gets back again to the heat- storing unit (4) from the living space (12) through the air-circulation opening (20) formed on the heat-storing unit (4).

Description

Cooling, heating, surface-radiating and air exchanging building system with low energy consumption for energy-saving houses with increased passive quality

The subject of the invention is a cooling, heating, surface-radiating and air exchanging building system with low energy consumption for energy-saving houses with increased passive quality, in case of which the cooling, heating and air exchanging of the house built with a building mantle of especially great thermal insulation, is ensured by a thermal circulation system of low energy consumption working itself, respectively with the help of gravity using surface-radiating elements.

Nowadays the operation of buildings in an energy-saving way is one of the most important tasks. One of the most important elements of it is the thermal insulation of the external surfaces of houses in order to ensure, that in winter the internal spaces of the house cool less, so heating should be possible with a smaller amount of energy, whereas in summer it should warm up less, so the air of the inner space need not be cooled at all, or at a smaller extent only. Resulting from the developments the designers have come up with the idea of forming so-called passive houses functioning with very low energy consumption due to their formation. These houses are formed in such a way, that the cooling and heating and the air-exchange of the inner space take place with the help of a special system.

In the state of the art, the subject of the HU 217 496 Hungarian patent description is a method for heating and cooling of buildings, during which the walls and slab-parts of spaces to be heated/cooled, bordering the open air and other un-heated places are covered with an air-circulating thermal insulation system from the inside of the space preferably with internal thermal insulation air-gap, air-channel and external thermal insulation air-gap, where air coming from underground layers heated at least in the air- channel of the air-circulating thermal insulation system by geothermic thermal energy is circulated round, while the external temperature (k) is monitored continously with a thermostat situated outside the building. In case the condition ti < t_k-l°C is fulfilled during heating, then the air-circulation is cut-off with the help of the thermostat and the heating of the internal space can be ensured with the supplementary radiators available for the space. In the formula ti is the temperature of the air circulated in the air-channel. During the cooling of the space the thermostat situated in the internal space helps to sense continuously the change of temperature and in case of exceeding a certain determined value the circulation of the. air kept at a temperature determined by the geothermic thermal energy is started in the air-channel, whereas in case of fall of the sensed temperature of the space below a certain determined value, the circulation of the air is stopped. The subject of the above patent description furthermore is an equipment to carry out the method, where the external walls of spaces to be heated/cooled situated in the building, bordering the open air furthermore the walls or slab-parts bordering un- heated spaces and open air are covered with an air-circulating thermal insulation system - preferably consisting of triple plastic sheets, from the inside of the space, preferably with internal thermal insulation air-gap, air-channel and external thermal insulation air- gap,-built on each other,where preferably the air-channel situated in the middle is connected with the heat-exchanger located in the ground in a hole, or in the basement of the cellar of the building, or below the flooring of the building, forming a coherent, closed system, through a pipe-line system provided with suction and pressure lines, where the closed space is filled with a gas, preferably air, heated by geothermic thermal energy, and there is at least one ventilator built-in the pipe-line system, and the ventilator is in connection with at least one of the thermostats installed in at least in one of the heated, respectively cooled internal spaces - preferably running the supplementary radiators as well - as well as the thermostat situated outside the building. The subject of the above patent description furthermore is a thermal insulation wallcovering provided with wall-covering elements formed with a shape fitting to the wall to be insulated, preferably made of plastic, which can be fitted into each other parquette- like, which are provided with a hollow suitable for forming an air-channel apt for air circulation, in given case furthermore at least one external air-gap situated between the air-channel and the wall to be covered, and in given case at least an internal thermal insulation air-gap situated on the opposite side of the air-channel compared to the external air-gap, and they are fixed to the wall to be insulated preferebly from the inside.

The HU U 3363 Hungarian utility ^'model makes known a heat-exchanging cooling- heating equipment with soil-cells for utilizing the heat of soil, which is characterized by that, a ventilator is connected with the air-pipe going downwards joining the heat- exchanging soil-cell from the space to be cooled or heated, and the air-pipe going upwards is provided with thermal insulation and a protective mask with air-permeability and the ventilator contains an air-filter insert and a water-filling pipe is situated above the heat-exchanging soil-cell placed in the ground.

The US 2009 101 305 patent application published on 23. April 2009 makes known a method for heating or cooling a series of indoor spaces using domestic hot water and cooling using domestic cold water systems as a source for an efficient and cost effective distribution system that distributes heating and cooling water that can be used in surface heating/cooling panels built directly into the building construction. These panels form part of the space walls and ceilings and form a cost effective and ascetically pleasing method of delivering heating and cooling to a space.

The JP 1103 7504 patent application published on 12. February 1999 makes known a system to regulate of the temperature of buildings. In this system a space behind a roof communicates with a space below a floor through a temperature conditioning medium circulating passage. On the bottom base section of this system there is a cold heat and/or a heat accumulation medium, on its peripheral edge section there is a cooling and/or a heating means and a ground heat utilizing section.

The DE 381 1699 patent application published on 19. October 1989 relates to a device by means of which ground heat can be obtained for heating buildings without additional costs for earthworks, mainly in case of conventional single-family houses.

The JP 5820 5026 patent application published on 29. November 1983 makes known an underfloor structure effective for energy saving by constituting the underfloor structure in the following manner. An underfloor chamber closed up tightly is formed on the lower side of a concrete floor surface, gravel or the like is packed therein and a long heat pipe is arranged with the heat-absorbing part installed in the ground and with the heat- radiating part on the floor surface. So in winter, the heat-absorbing part of the heat pipe absorbs the terrestrial heat, and its heat-radiating part radiates the heat into the room. Thereby the temperature can be maintained at 12-13°C throughout a year.

The GB 143 9580 patent application published on 16. Juni 1976 makes known a method of heating or cooling buildings by one or more heat pumps co-operating with a system of planar heat exchangers comprises units disposed on both sides of at least some of the external walls and floors of the building. The outer units of the heat exchanger system communicate with the evaporation side of the respective heat pump and its inner units communicate with the condensing side for heating. The outer and inner units respectively communicate with the condensing and evaporation sides of respective heat pumps for cooling. The planar heat exchangers have connections permitting communication with different elements of the heat pumps and the heat exchangers may be fastened to a surface, then plastered or embedded in situ, or they may be formed in prefabricated building panels subsequently used in the building's heat exchange system.

The WO 2007 056 798 patent application published on 24. May 2007 relates to a building's heating and cooling system. The system consists of panels, which can be placed on building's walls or ceilings or floor of which has panels made of a thermally conducting material. The panels having pipes located therein, the pipes can selectively be connected to a source of high or low temperature fluid whereby the panels adopt a temperature different to ambient temperature whereby the panels cause heating or cooling of the area of the building in which they are located.

The US 425 0957 patent application published on 17. February 1981 makes known a heating and cooling structural arrangement for a building, such as a house, wherein the interior of the house is caused to assume the temperature of the ground. A liquid reservoir is located in the ground. A pump is to move liquid from the reservoir to a series of panels, which are mounted as part of the interior wall structure of the building. If the ground temperature is X°C, this means that the interior temperature of the house should also become X°C. In the winter, the interior of the building would normally be heated and in the summer, the interior of the building would normally be cooled.

The US 416 8740 patent application published on 25. September 1979 relates to a heating and cooling wall panel that accomplishes heating by radiating to bodies in a space thermal energy from a source of warmed water delivered to the panel at low pressure. It cools bodies in a space by absorbing thermal energy radiated to the panel from those bodies and passing the heat thus gained to a cooled fluid also delivered at low pressure. The heat transfer by this panel is accomplished when only small temperature differentials exist between the fluid and the space.

The US 412 1653 patent application published on 24. October 1978 makes known a method by means of which it is possible to construct rooms provided with a radiant heating system or a cooling system. In the course of the method radiant or cooling panels are connected to the walls, the ceiling, or the floor of each room and forming a thermal medium cavity. There may circulate a thermal medium, which transmits heat to the radiant panels or receives heat from the cooling panels. At least the walls and the ceiling are pre-fabricated components capable of bearing static loads and the interiors of the walls and the ceiling, facing the remainder of the room and the panels, contain respective pairs of adjacent parallel troughs of curved or part-polygonal cross-section. The panels are suspended from supports on the walls and the ceiling.

The JP 2008 256 344 patent application published on 23. October 2008 makes known a geothermal cooling/heating system. In this system, a water storage tank is formed in the ground with broken stones therearound. The liquid is pumped up to water receiving pans installed on the ceilings. It also circulated from the underground water storage tank into a movable/fixed type cooler/heater or a heat/cold retaining box.

The CN 1010 59320 patent application published on 24. October 2007 relates to an environment-friendly and energy-saving geo-temperature exchanger applies to geothermal heat pump type heating-cooling system. The geo-temperature exchanger only extracts the heat quantity (or cool quantity) undergrounds in the operation process, does not extract groundwater.

The JP 2006 349 265 patent application published on 28. December 2006 makes known an inexpensive, efficient geothermal air-conditioning system. An underground space is ^"formed below a building and a nonliving space facing the wall surface or the floor surface of the underground space is provided in at least a portion of the underground space. A heat exchange between the heat accumulated in the nonliving space and the heat accumulated in the living spaces is performed to cool or warm the living space.

In the US 2006 159 154 patent application published on 20. July 2006 a heat exchanger is disclosed which is built up of a series of segments, in contact with cistern water through which flows the cooling medium of the heat pump.

The JP 2005 201 463 patent application published on 28. July 2005 makes known an air-conditioning system for a building utilizing geothermy for obtaining an efficient air- conditioning and heating effect in the building. In this case a heat storage chamber is formed under the floor, having heat exchange pipe for air passages formed under the floor and in the wall and ceiling and communicating with the heat storage chamber.

The JP 2004 270 412 patent application published on 30. September 2004 makes known a system in which groundwater in a low-depth underground aquifer in an underground shallow section is pumped up from a ground surface and used as a heat source and a cooling source and groundwater after use is injected to the aquifer.

The JP 2003 343 884 patent application published on 03. December 2003 makes known an environment-friendly cooling and heating method utilizing geothermal power of the underground and middle depth part having little temperature variation around 16°C as a heat source, and this heat is exchanged to the air, which is then circulated in the wall body and air passages of a thermally insulated building to cool and warm the building.

The JP 2002 364 092 patent application published on 18. December 2002 makes known a house using natural energy at a low cost, which can maintain a building per se in a cool state in summer and in a warm state in winter by using underground geothermal heat, and maintains the building at a comfortable temperature throughout the year. Further, a floor, walls, and a ceiling of aboveground rooms are formed of hollow walls, and the vent holes of the basement are connected to the hollow walls, respectively.

The US 621 2896 patent application published on 10. April 2001 makes known a heat transfer column for geothermal heating-cooling. In this case the heat is carried by water.

The JP 6202 2927 patent application published on 31. January 1987 makes known a substantial energy saving, environment-friendly heating and cooling method utilizing geothermal heat, wherein underground water is supplied to a heat collecting water tank, the underground water is agitated, gas in the water tank is sucked to heat or cool a room through aeration passages formed in a circumferential wall of a building and in a garret.

The JP 6127 2592 patent application published on 02. December 1986 makes known U shaped heat exchanger pipes embedded in the earth, by bonding two pieces of steel pipes in parallel, communicating the lower ends of the straight pipes, and forming airtight U shaped pipe path. After the embedding work, an inlet and an outlet of each U ^'shaped pipe are sequentially communicated by a communicating pipe. In the pipes a heat medium flows, which can be a fluid such as water, aqueous solution and gas.

The US 407 6074 patent application published on 28. February 1978 makes known a residential dwelling of the type having thermally insulated outer walls and a thermally insulated roof supported by an underlying floor and forming therebetween an essentially closed enclosure, is provided with a tubular vertical stack extending from the floor to the building structure ceiling which spans across the building beneath the roof and separates the attic from the lower occupant rooms. Floor ducts open to the bottom of the stack from the individual rooms and further air ducts within the ceiling open to the top of the stack by way of the attic. A selectively energizable air-heating coil is mounted within the stack at its lower end. The direction of the airflow through the stack depends on relative energization of the heating or cooling coil.

The drawbacks of the known solutions are that they do not make possible the cooling/heating of the building with a gravitational method, with the circulation of the air.

When working out the solution according to the invention we aimed to create a system of cooling-, heating-, and air-exchanging of high-thermal insulation houses of passive character functioning gravitationally with small energy consumption, applying surface- radiating elements. When creating the solution according to the invention, we realized, that in case the cooling, heating and air-exchanging of the building is solved in such a way, that a heat- storing unit forming an integral unit with the stove, having a hollow system, is located in the building in such a way, that the air sucked from the outside going through the heat-storing unit is led through the pipe-system placed in the ground so it is pre-cooled or pre-heated and meeting with the demand it is further heated in the heat-storing unit with the help of the stove, and resulting from the suction and air-circulation formed in the closed building the air coming to the energy distributing space, in the one hand radiates the proper temperature towards the living space by the cooling or heating of the radiating ceiling surface, in the other hand it flows to the living space through the air- intake opening placed in the radiating ceiling surface, from where a part of the air is led between the roof-covering and thermal-insulated roof structure between the glass surfaces of the window, the other part goes back to the heat-storing unit resulting from the heat-circulation, then the set aim can be achieved.

The invention is a cooling, heating, surface-radiating and air exchanging building system with low energy consumption for energy-saving houses with increased passive quality, said building system contains thermal-insulated walls, thermal-insulated roof structure, thermal-insulated infrastructure, pipe-system placed in the ground radiating ceiling surface, stove, and chimney. The solution according to the invention is characterized by that, cooling, heating and air-exchange of the building takes place in summer using the increase of temperature of the air between the glass panes of the window, in winter using suction effect resulting from the warming up of the air in the heat-storing unit heated by the heated stove and by guiding the fresh air sucked in from outside through a fresh air intake and filter opening and by guiding the cooled or heated air led through a pipe-system placed in the ground to the heat-storing unit with hollow- system, situated in the central part of the building, forming an integral unit with the stove, afterwards by guiding the air into the energy-distributing space where the temperature is transferred partly to the radiating ceiling surface radiating the heat towards the living space, and then the air is guided from the energy-distributing space to the living spaces through the air intake openings formed in the radiating ceiling surface, from where the amount of air according to demand escapes to the open air between the glass panes of the window and_ between the roof covering and thermal-insulated roof structure, respectively it gets back again to the heat-storing unit from the living space through the air-circulation opening formed on the heat-storing unit.

In one preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention there is a suction ventilator fitted to the windows of the building.

In another preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention there is a chimney funnel provided with a damper regulator handle joining the stove in the heat- storing unit.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention there is an air-regulating lock in the pipe-system below the heat-storing unit. In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention the area of the air intake openings formed in the radiating ceiling surface is 100-l,000cm2.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention the air intake openings formed in the radiating ceiling surface are placed on the opposite side of the living spaces compared to the windows.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention the raw material of the radiating ceiling surface is silicate sheet, or cement-bonding or lime- bonding gypsum board.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention the air intake openings are formed in such a way, that they penetrate to the energy-distributing space with rim.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention the heat- storing unit is formed in such a way, that it penetrates to the energy-distributing space through the radiating ceiling surface with hollow joint.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention the heat- storing unit is a heat-storing body of great bulk provided with a hollow-system the material of which is walling, cast from concrete, cob wall, wall with hollows, or wall made of solid elements.

The solution according to the invention is furthermore set forth with the enclosed drawings:

The Fig 1 shows a possible preferable realization of the building system according to the invention.

The Fig 2 shows the floorplan of the building according to the Fig 1 with the heat- storing unit, as well as the air-intake openings from the side of energy-distributing space.

The Fig 1 shows a possible preferable realization of the building system according to the invention. In the Figure the building 1 can be seen having thermal-insulated walls 2, thermal-insulated roof structure 3 and a roof covering 21 formed above the roof structure as well as a thermal insulated infrastructure 15. In the central part of the building 1 can be found the heat-storing .unit 4 in which the hollow-system 9 is formed. Beside the heat-storing unit 4, the chimney funnel 16 of the stove 8 having a furnace 18, forming an integral unit with it is placed in the heat-storing unit 4 as well. A damper regulator handle 19 is placed into the chimney funnel 16, which is locked after completing the heating. On the side of the heat-storing unit 4 near the living space 12 an air-circulation opening 20 can be found. The air is led into the heat-storing unit 4 through the fresh air intake and filter opening 22 placed in the ground through a pipe- system 13. The air-regulating lock 10 can be found below the heat-storing unit 4. In the Figure the radiating ceiling surface 5 can be found as well with the air intake openings 14 formed within it. The energy-distributing space 6 can be found above the radiating ceiling surface 5. The window 7 - whose glass surfaces ensure the air to leave for the open air, that is between the thermal -insulated roof structure 3 and the roof covering 21 - is formed in the living spaces 12. The cooling or heating of this space according to demand is ensured by this. Above the window 7 the suction ventilator 11 can be found.

The Fig 2 shows the floorplan of the building according to the Fig 1 with the heat- storing unit, as well as the air-intake openings from the side of the energy-distributing space. The building 1 comprising the four living spaces 12 can be seen in the Figure. In the central part of the building 1 is installed the heat-storing unit 4, in which a hollow- system 9 is formed through which the cooled or heated air goes to the energy- distributing space 6. The stove 8 placed next to the heat-storing unit 4 penetrating to it, and the chimney funnel 16 delivering the flue gas of the stove 8 placed also in the heat- storing unit 4 can be seen in the Figure as well. It can be seen in the Figure, that the cooled or heated air gets to each living space 12 from the energy-distributing space 6 through the air intake openings 14 formed in the radiating ceiling surface 5. The placing of the air intake openings 14 must be chosen in such a way, that they let the air in on the opposite side of the room compared to the window 7, ensuring the development of proper circulation. The air intake opening 14 is an opening of approx. 20x20 cm or of 100-1,000 cm2 size. In case of the living spaces one or more air intake openings 14 are needed depending on the size of the room.

In case of a preferable, realization of the solution according to the invention, during the winter heating period the winter heating of the thermal-insulated building takes place in two phases. In one phase the heating takes place in the stove. Then the temperature of the air in the furnace of the stove is considerably higher, than that of the surroundings, and the stove sucks the air necessary for the burning process from the living space for the air-supply. Resulting from the suction of the stove, airflow starts. The air sucked from outside through the fresh air intake and filter opening 22 placed in the thermal insulation mantle gets to the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground, where it warms up, as in winter the temperature of the outside air is considerably lower than that of the ground. From here, the air gets to the heat-storing unit 4 placed in the central part of the building 1 where it is further heated with the help of the stove 8, forming an integral part of the heat-storing unit 4. Resulting from the warm air flowing in the hollow-system 9 formed in the heat-storing unit 4, as well from the heating of the stove 8 body, the heat-storing unit 4 warms up, storing this way the air warmer than the surrounding area. From here the air gets to the energy-distributing space 6 above the radiating ceiling surface 5 through the hollow-system 9 of the heat-storing unit 4, where it dissipates, and the warm air warms up the radiating ceiling surface 5, and the warmed-up radiating ceiling surface 5 radiates the air of higher temperature toward the living space 12. At the same time the warm air flows to the living spaces 12 from the energy-distributing space 6 through the air intake openings 14 warming up the air there. The greater part of the warm air gets to the heat-storing unit 4 from the living spaces 12 through the air-circulation opening 20 of the heat-storing unit 4, and the circulation process goes on. The smaller part of the warm air gets to the open air, that is between the space of the thermal-insulated roof structure 3 and the roof covering 21 from the living space 12 through the glass panes of the specially formed window 7, slightly warming up this space. In case of heating, air of appr. 60°C temperature is led into the energy-distributing space 6, where it cools down to appr. 40-50°C and the radiating ceiling surface 5 is partly heated partly with this, which radiates it toward the living space 12.

The other phase, when the stove is closed, the warmed-up heat-storing unit 4 moves the air gravitationally in such a way, that with the lapse of time the intensity of the air movement decreases, but does not stop. In this phase the damper regulator handle 19 placed in the chimney funnel 16 is closed, so the chimney itself is closed too, so the air can not escape here, but the excess energy in the heat-storing unit 4 can move the air gravitationally, creating a higher pressure in the energy-distributing space 6, which leaves for the outer space between the surfaces of the window pane, resulting in the suction of fresh air. This way the fresh air supply is continously ensured. This is a suction of low intensity, but continuous, so the suction of fresh air is continuous as well. In winter suction ventilators can be switched on and the exchange of air can be increased with this if there is demand for it.

In winter heating function air suction starts when the heating of the stove starts and the air warms up, expands, resulting in increased pressure. On the lower parts the pressure is lower, so the air starts toward the inside from the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground. With the help of the air-regulating lock 10 placed on the lower part of the heat- storing unit the quantity of the fresh air can be regulated.

In case of heating it is necessary to use a stove extending slightly into the heat-storing unit. With its help the temperature of the air is increased, as the volume and pressure of the hot air is bigger, so the air gets into the energy-distributing space, from where the air gets into the living space through the air intake openings 4 of the radiating ceiling surface 5. A part of the air escapes by ventilation and the same quantity is sucked in, it can be regulated.

In winter a much smaller quantity of air is to be sucked. The air sucked in subsequently gets to the heat-storing unit through the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground, where it warms up and is added to the air already circulating inside. There is always available an inner air quantity circulating inside, and a small part of it escapes, but it is supplemented by the suction.

During heating the airflow can be regulated by the air-regulating lock 10, the damper regulator handle 19 and the suction ventilator 11, with their logical synchronization. The performance of the suction ventilator 11 is in each case maximum one-third of the effect of the furnace, so there is no chance of forming a depression.

During heating the air-regulating lock 10 can not be locked, it must be left one-third open, and the proportion of the cross sections ensures that the air-intake quantity should be the multiple of the accumulated performance of the suction ventilators 11.

In heating function the fresh air intake ensures complete supplementation to the fresh air suction function of the stove, so there is no risk of forming a depression in the internal space because of the closed opening. The quantity of the incoming air is as much more, than is necessary for meeting the air demand of the ventilators installed at the windows, so no depression is formed in the inner spaces. In every definite case during planning the accumulated air demand of the stove is determined as maximum one-third of that of the suction ventilator.

In heating function it is necessary to have a certain amount of air suction, but the warmed-up air should not be let escape, therefore here a divided regulation takes place, that is in one hand suction of fresh air, blow out of used air resulting from air exchange, and circling of the inner warm air, the circulation.

The ventilators do not work in the heating phase, they can be operated only in the ventilation cycle.

In case of heating an overpressure is formed in the living spaces, because resulting from the heating, the volume of the air increases, but resulting from the overpressure it escapes through the window to the open air.

All of the openings in the building system according to the invention can be regulated, and these openings must be regulated and coordinated in the heating phase.

In the energy-distributing space the circulation of the warm air develops, and it continuously warms up the radiating ceiling surface 5, which radiates the heat toward the living space. During heating most part of energy transport takes place through radiation.

In case of another preferable realization of the solution according to the invention in the summer cooling phase the air circulation is started by the sun shining for the window, where the air between the glass panes warms up, starting the suction process, and it decreases the overheating of the building. If this suction, respectively the cold air circulation resulting from the suction is not sufficient, then the suction ventilators can be switched on. In case the sun is not shining, but it is warm and the house needed cooling, then it can be ensured with the help of the suction ventilators.

In summer the air-circulation opening 20 and the damper regulator handle 19 placed in the chimney funnel 16 should be closed, as during summer cooling the air sucked through the thermal insulated mantle and the fresh air intake and filter opening 22 and cooled down in the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground gets to the heat-storing unit 4 placed in the central part of the house, where the air cools down the heat-storing unit 4, storing this way the air colder than the surroundings. Afterwards the air gets to the energy- distributing space through the hollow systems of the cold air heat-storing unit, where the coold air dissipates, it cools down the radiating ceiling surface and the cooled radiating ceiling surface radiates the air of lower temperature toward the living space. At the same time the cooled air flows into the living spaces from the energy-distributing space through the air-intake openings, cooling the temperature of the air there. The air escapes from the living spaces between the glass panes of the specially formed window to the outer air. In order to achieve greater cooling, more cold air must be led through. If a greater quantity of air flows through the living space, it flows practically in the space below the ceiling, which does not disturb the ambience of people staying in the living space, as the intensive air-pressure below the ceiling is able to exchange the air vertically with lower intensity.

For example in summer the temperature of the sucked-in air is 28°C, and it cools down to 8-15°C in the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground. From here the air flows to the heat-storing unit, where it cools down the heat-storing unit. From the heat-storing unit the air gets to the energy-distributing space. As this space is insulated the same way, it cools down the air in this space, so the temperature of the space will be +18°C. The air gets to the living space from here through the air-intake openings ensuring there a temperature of +20°C.

In summer function special attention has to be paid to the air circulation, in this function the use of a ventilator is necessary as well. However the specially formed window promotes the air circulation in such a way, that it sucks the space and leads the air directly below the tiles. The temperature is for example 50°C below the tiles as the air warms up below the tiles, and it can be cooled down to 30°C with the help of the air directed there coming out from the internal space.

In summer it is a gravitational system, which moves the air and cools it more, the hotter is outside. In night function it does not work this way, so then the application of the ventilator is needed.

_„ Resulting from the structure of the system, in the cooling phase the more intensive is the sunshine, the more intensive is the gravitational suction. The warming up of the air triggers the air moving and the whole network connected sucks the space making sure all the windows are closed.

The heat-storing unit is created in such a way, that the upper part of it extends above the surface-radiating surface into the energy-distributing space through a hollow connection. The heat-storing unit is a heat-storing body of great bulk provided with a hollow-system, eg. with walling, cast from concrete, cob wall, wall with hollows, or wall made of solid elements. The stove partly penetrating into the heat-storing unit is integrally connected to it. The outlet of the chimney funnel of the stove is also placed in the heat-storing unit. The heat-storing unit is the heating centre in itself, therefore it should function as a heat- storer, as to ensure low energy-consumption a so-called fractional heating must be applied, with vegetal pickings etc. and the heat-storing unit resulting from its huge bulk, can keep the energy through the air movement for hours. In night function it has an own gravitational working due to higher temperature, therefore it continously supplements heat till morning, though in a decreasing extent. According to demand a gas burner can also be put into the stove, then continuous heating can be ensured. The heat-storing unit is a cold body in summer, providing a negative heat storing, as it gets cold. The cold air coming from the ground cools it down, so this is also a radiating body like a tile-stove.

An example of a possible solution: the heat-storing unit can be made of a walling from stone formwork including hollows and pipes (a body is stuck of stone formwork and different ducts are placed in it, where air can move). If we heat in it, a stove is made the furnace of which penetrates in it and warms up the air directly. The mantle of the stove is in the given space. The chimney itself also heats the air, in given case it can be a chimney made of steel sheets.

Both in winter and summer the quantity of air to be sucked from outside can be regulated by a lock and ventilator placed below the heat-storing unit, and a specially formed window regulates the quantity of outgoing air. The air-regulating system is as follows: a ventilator, air-regulating lock and special window formation.

In the between-season time, in spring, when we are not willing to cool and heat, only to let fresh air in, then gravitation will not start, so a ventilator must be in use.

In every room of the building structure according to the invention there must be an air intake and air outlet opening, as the air cirdulation is of divided space character. The fresh air intake for the residents is given, that is the exchange of the air is ensured. There will be a circulation backwards, when not the whole quantity of air is exchanged, a part of it is exchanged by let fresh air in, and the other part is turned back.

The building system according to the invention is a building of absolutely high thermal insulation with absolutely low energy-loss.

With the air technology according to the invention, it is possible to solve provision of _u fresh air as well as the treatment of air humidity. As the air-exchange is solved, fresh air suction can always be ensured, so air humidity can be treated in such a way, that in the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground the vapour of the outer air is condensed and when it comes out of the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground then it slightly gets warmer, so it becomes drier. The suction of the fresh air takes place through the thermal-insulated mantle. The suction takes place at a neutral, northern wall into a pipe, from where the air goes into the pipe-system 13 placed in the ground, into the air-register in the ground and comes back to the central unit, as pre-cooled, pre-heated air. The temperature of the air coming from the open air can vary between +28 - - 15°C, but as the ground is of +10°C, therefore the air arriving in the heat-storing unit is of +8-15° C.

As the invention is a system of low-performance gravitational system with minimal ventilation help, therefore this solution is workable only with buildings of very low heat-loss. As such energy-saving systems can work only at such low energy levels with very low energy - heating or cooling- needs.

In case of the building system according to the invention in winter heating is necessary, because the energy-loss of the building can be supplied this way. From the point of view of heating, fractional heating is preferable, because this is the most economical solution, eg. with organic dollop, vegetal cuttings, wood refuse, but a gas burner or an automatic system can be used as well depending on the requirements.

The material of the heat-exchanging surface can be silicate sheet, gypsum board including cement-bonding or lime-bonding materials. The heat-exchanging surface must be placed in such a way, that it can be opened and can be breakable because of cleaning purposes, as the dust from the great quantity of air flowing through the energy- distributing space 6 is deposited, and must be removed from time to time. The air-intake openings must be formed in such a way because of the dust deposited on the upper plane of the heat-exchanging surface, that the openings have rims penetrating into the energy- distributing space ensuring suction of the air from the energy-distributing space 6, above the part containing dust.

The advantages of the solution according to the invention are, that with the intake of very little energy the summer cooling process can be ensured and in winter heating phase a very simple and economical heating system can be realized with fractional heating using vegetal cuttings and gravitational circulation.

List of references:

1 - building

2 - thermal-insulated walls

3 - thermal-insulated roof structure

4 - heat-storing unit

5 - radiating ceiling surface

6 - energy-distributing space

7 - window

" 8 - stove

9 - hollow-system

10 - air-regulating lock

11 - suction ventilator

12 - living space

13— pipe-system

14 - air intake opening

15 - thermal-insulated infrastructure

16 - chimney funnel

17 - air intake unit

18 - furnace

19 - damper regulator handle

20 - air-circulation opening

21 - roof covering

22 - fresh air intake and filter opening

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Cooling, heating, surface-radiating and air exchanging building system with low energy consumption for energy-saving houses with increased passive quality, said building system contains thermal-insulated walls, thermal-insulated roof structure, thermal-insulated infrastructure, pipe-system placed in the ground radiating ceiling surface, stove, and chimney, characterized by that, cooling, heating and air-exchange of the building (1) takes place in summer using the increase of temperature of the air between the glass panes of the window (7), in winter using suction effect resulting from the warming up of the air in the heat-storing unit (4) heated by the heated stove (8) and by guiding the fresh air sucked in from outside through a fresh air intake and filter opening (22) and by guiding the cooled or heated air led through a pipe-system (13) placed in the ground to the heat-storing unit (4) with hollow-system (9), situated in the central part of the building (1), forming an integral unit with the stove (8), afterwards by guiding the air into the energy-distributing space (6) where the temperature is transferred partly to the radiating ceiling surface (5) radiating the heat towards the living space (12), and then the air is guided from the energy-distributing space (6) to the living spaces (12) through the air intake openings (14) formed in the radiating ceiling surface (5), from where the amount of air according to demand escapes to the open air between the glass panes of the window (7) and between the roof covering (21) and thermal-insulated roof structure (3), respectively it gets back again to the heat-storing unit (4) from the living space (12) through the air- circulation opening (20) formed on the heat-storing unit (4).

2. Building system according to claim 1, characterized by that, there is a suction ventilator (11) fitted to the windows of the building (1).

3. Building system according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by that, there is a chimney funnel (16) provided with a damper regulator handle (19) joining the stove (8) in the heat-storing unit (4).

4. Building system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized by that, there is an air-regulating lock (10) in the pipe-system (13) below the heat-storing unit (4).

5. Building system according to any of the claims 1-4, characterized by that, the area of the air intake openings (14) formed in the radiating ceiling surface (5) is 100-l,000cm2.

6. Building system according to any of the claims 1-5, characterized by that, the air intake openings (14) formed in the radiating ceiling surface (5) are placed on the opposite side of the living spaces (12) compared to the windows (7).

7. Building system according to any of the claims 1-6, characterized by that, the raw material of the radiating ceiling surface (5) is silicate sheet, or cement-bonding or lime- bonding gypsum board.

8. Building system according to any of the claims 1-7, characterized by that, the air intake openings (14) are formed in such a way, that they penetrate to the energy- distributing space (6) with rim.

9. Building system according to any of the claims 1-8, characterized by that, the heat- storing unit (4) is formed in such a way, that it penetrates to the energy-distributing space (6) through the radiating ceiling surface (5) with hollow joint. .

10. Building system according to any of the claims 1-9, characterized by that, the heat- storing unit (4) is a heat-storing body of great bulk provided with a hollow-system (9) the material of which is walling, cast from concrete, cob wall, wall with hollows, or wall made of solid elements.