ES2451167B1 - Thermoactive air conditioning system with multiple energy sources and architectural integration - Google Patents

Abstract

Thermo active air conditioning system with multiple energy sources and architectural integration; # 1. Forged or thermoactive slabs (3, 5) through which the heated air passes, transmitting its temperature to the mass of the concrete, which, thanks to its thermal inertia, acts simultaneously as energy storage and underfloor heating. # 2. In addition, one or more of the following elements: # 2a. Solar hot air production panels (7) designed to blend in with the slate or roof tiles (10). # 2b. Subsoil drains or basement walls (15), modified to capture the stable temperature of the surrounding land (13) to the building. # 3. Ducts to transfer the air in the fans that, optionally, integrate other auxiliary devices: fans (4), probes, exchangers, chimneys (16), heat pumps (17, 18), boilers, etc.

Description

AIR THERMOACTIVE CLlMATIZATION SYSTEM WITH SOURCES

MULTIPLE ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRATION.

Technical sector

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The invention is part of the bioclimatic and air conditioning sector in general

as well as in the production and storage of renewable energies applied to the

building.

State of the art

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the air conditioning of the buildings is obtained by different techniques that involve a

greater or lesser contribution of external energy from various sources: electricity,

solar, biomass, fossil fuels, gas, geothermal energy, etc.

solar panels, photovoltaic s or thermal, are imposed on roofs and facades,

geothermal, cogeneration, biomass or heat pumps are production systems of

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increasingly frequent energy. As for storage, batteries stand out

for electric power and hot water accumulators for DHW and, very rarely,

for heating.

For the use of heat, radiant floors are proving to be the system that

provides more comfort, both for heating and for cooling the environment.

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This has led to the creation of the concept of so-called thermoactive slabs, TABS in

English (Thermo-active building systems). They consist of floors that house inside

tubes, usually of plastic material, through which hot or cold water is passed

according to winter or summer. the great thermal inertia of concrete, makes the

temperature remains very stable in the enclosures in which it is used, in contrast to

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those in which the ambient air is directly heated, either with radiators or

heat pumps

Water is usually used as a carrier element due to its high specific heat and, therefore,

the small diameters of its ducts. Its disadvantages: corrosion, ca lification,

leakage that can cause major damage, cost of the pumps, space and duration of the

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accumulators, when there are any. Complications that arise when integrating into

same installation different heat or cold production systems and maybe

Technically the most important, its limited range of use between 0 and 100 ~. In

as for combining several systems in a circuit, they are usually only done with the plates

solar thermal water on deck with a single support system for production of

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heating or air conditioning: heat pump, (geothermal or aerothermal), fuel boiler,

gas or biomass, or, recently, gas microcogeneration apparatus.

To solve the problems associated with water or fluids carrying cold or heat,

we propose a system that can be integrated and mimicked in the structure of any

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building, and that uses the air in all the phases of the thermal cycle of air conditioning:

Production and distribution of cold or heat and storage in the materials of

building. It consists of a closed circuit for air passage to which they can be attached

the solar panels and the geothermal drainage variant that we present in this

patent application, in addition to one or more of the cold air production systems

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or hot for air conditioning currently known.

Description. The system proposed in this patent application consists of a closed circuit of air ducts, moved by simple fans, which includes:

S 1.-A floor. slab or technical floor. characterized by integrating ducts for the

passage of the air, in the form of a maze. Its mission is, thanks to its great thermal inertia, to serve

of heat or cold storage, while damping the high temperatures that

It can reach the air in chimneys or boilers. Simultaneously it is the thermal emitter, by radiation.

10 2.a.-A solar cover characterized by integrating air duets under

glass sheets, which can take any measure, color and shape to completely blend in with the outer elements of the roof: slate pieces or flat tiles, for example.

2.b.-Geothermal collector, characterized in that the closed circuit air is

15 makes it pass through a moisture drainage, built in direct contact with the surrounding terrain, under the subsoil slab or behind the basement walls, in this way, the air takes the temperature of the land that is usually stable throughout the year (from 10 to la º C), so it serves to cool the thermal slabs in summer.

3.-Vertical fans and duets characterized because they will allow to connect,

20 as support, other elements of hot or cold air production, such as heat pumps, fireplaces, stoves, electric heaters, boilers (gas, biomass, or cogeneration), in addition to air / water exchangers for the production of ACS

Our system solves the two problems associated with the use of air for air conditioning:

25 1.-Possibility of contamination by fungi, bacteria, insects, dust, humidity, etc .: For this, the movement is carried out in a closed circuit. This is the differentiating aspect of the typical use of air conditioners.

or electric heaters. 2.-The low specific heat of the air, which makes it unsuitable for

30 thermal storage, as well as the large differences in maximum temperatures provided by the aforementioned support heat production systems (From -16º to 450º C). In the system we propose, heat or cold passes to the slabs and floors of the building, which, thanks to its enormous mass and thermal inertia, temper the heat of radiation at normal temperatures of use (from 15 to 28º C) AND

35 are those that assume the function of storage and diffusion of cold or heat.

Brief description of the drawings. Figure 1.- Description of preferred embodiment. Figure 2, - Detail of the solar cover seen from its upper part, where you can see the

40 sheet metal, the duct and the practicable cover (19), as well as the integration of the glass with the slate (scratched to better understand the difference with the glass). Figure 3, -Detail of the solar roof seen from its lowest part, Figure 4.-Typical slab-vault slab, seen from one of its ends, in which the openings for connection with the vertical and distribution duets are shown . The hollow

45 may be on its upper or lower face and may consist of elbow tubes. Figure 5, - Detail of chimney coupling in the duet system.

Figure 6.- Example of a "labyrinth" plant or air path under the floor in a room with attached bathroom (to the left of the image). The feet of the

vertical ducts made on site.

Description of preferred embodiment 1.-Storage and radiation of thermal energy: slab or active slabs by air: On the insulation (1), a slab or compression layer of concrete or ceramic (2) is placed. In addition to support, it has the function of storing heat thanks to its mass. On this stand up partitions (3) and covers of any material, to generate

air ducts with a labyrinth arrangement, arranged in a way that allows control,

Depending on your route, the heat or cold of various rooms separately. For this, both the dimensioning of the ducts and the placement of fans (4) and hatches (19 in figure 2) that are operated from the outside that regulate the air flow will be used. The surface of the material (5) of the upper face of the duct will be airtight. It may be the floor covering itself, for example wood or marble flooring. In other cases, it will support the coating and may receive a new compression layer that, with its additional mass, will increase the storage capacity of the system. For intermediate floor slabs, the system to be used will depend on the users of the different levels being different (apartments, flats or condominiums) or the same (chalets, villas or townhouses). 1.-In the case of apartments, the entire system must be similar to the one already described, with an insulation (1) that protects the user from the lower floor, located on the floor, equivalent to the slab (14) that we see in the drawing. Upwards the scheme is repeated. When space under the floor is not available, nor is it too high to recreate the floor, extra-thin insulations will be chosen on which the labyrinths will be executed by means of battens that will replace the tabs (3), which will receive the coating of ground. Alternatively, lying hollow ceramic bricks, arranged in the form of a maze, can be used. In the event that it does not have heights greater than 3 cm., It will be necessary to establish prior and subsequent distribution ducts to the floor exits and a project that carefully calculates the flows and work of the corresponding fans. 2.-In the case of buildings of two or more levels that correspond to the same user, the gaps of the joists-vaults may be used to transmit the air and store the heat, the distribution duets may take the forms of false beams located at each end of the joists. Isolation between floors can be dispensed with. (Figure 4). Thermal energy production: 2.a ~ Solar energy collector for heat production. Complete roof or solar panels for hot air production characterized by being constituted by two complementary elements: a sheet metal (6) of the type used for roofs of industrial buildings. It is fixed on the outside, glass or transparent (7) or translucent plastics that cover it, leaving free the space between the rails that form the sheet to circulate air in its interstices, which is heated as it passes through the same, due to the effect of solar radiation. For its operation as a solar collector, the sheet will have one or several perforations in its lower part (8) through which the air coming from the closed circuit will enter, and other holes in the upper part (9) for its exit. These will be done so that no

impair the use as a roof enclosure and waterproofing of the slabs. In the preferred embodiment and to achieve its architectural integration, the use of glass of dimensions and shades of color is proposed that allow

combine them without separation of any frame, with slate plates (10) or tiles, for which you can use the usual fixings and support thereof. For optimized use, the sheet to be used will comprise a sandwich type element with three layers, the upper one will be the one already mentioned with longitudinal freckled reliefs, the

intermediate will be an insulator resistant to high temperatures, such as rock or glass wool (12) and the lower one, which could be decorative: in veneer, wood, plasterboard or others. In this way the roof enclosure integrates: waterproofing, insulation, ceiling decoration and, thanks to the superior glass cover we propose, the production of hot air (or cold at summer nights, if needed lower the floor temperature).

2.b.-Geothermal energy, to cool or cool the inhabited space: Geothermal collector: This involves modifying the construction elements that remain in direct contact with the land surrounding the building (13): supports of the lower slab

(14) of solera and basement walls. Instead of gravel or the usual plastic drains, we propose bricks (15) or blocks with holes like those of the patent ES 2346616. Its objective will be the thermal transmission, by simple contact, of the natural temperature of the land (normally between 10 to 182 a meter deep) to the air that circulates in its holes. This will normally be used to cool the circuit, usually in summer. It may be connected directly to the closed circuit or indirectly in an independent and open circuit that feeds an exchanger or the outdoor unit of a heat pump to improve its thermal efficiency (COP). Thanks to the fact that the air never passes inside the habitable space, the usual inconvenience of other systems of geothermal collection by air, such as the Provencal or Canadian well, affected by problems of condensation and proliferation of fungi or bacteria is eliminated. In our invention, the humidity of the soil in contact with the external collection elements is an advantage, because it improves the thermal transmission.

3. ~ Vertical distribution of thermal energy and Inclusion of support elements: The air ducts (11) will be connected to the lower and upper perforations of the solar cover. These may be additionally provided with a trapdoor (19 in figure 2) manually or mechanically operated to open the circuit when excessive heat occurs, as well as an outlet for an air-water exchanger that allows the production of domestic hot water (DHW) . Alternatively, the vertical ducts can be made with other construction elements such as plasterboard or ceramic partition walls with a vertical hole. Since they are air ducts, any support system such as stoves (16) can be integrated with the chimney jacket by double concentric tube, indoor air conditioning units (17) preferably with fan coil and free cooling (18), cogeneration boilers, and any other present or future device that heats or cools the air or uses it as a carrier fluid. The economic advantage is that they are usually systems that cost less than those that use water or liquids and the potential leaks in the system are not important. The entire system can be controlled by fans and dampers, manually or automatically.

Claims (4)

1.-Thermoactive air conditioning system with multiple energy sources and

architectural integration characterized by the fact that the air moves, with the help of

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fans, by a closed circuit that includes the passage under the ground, in contact with

slabs or floors, so that they act as storage and radiation elements

of heat or cold contained in the air.

2.-Thermoactive air conditioning system according to claim 1 characterized

because the air duct went down the floor is shaped like a maze to ensure the

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uniform heat distribution.

3.-Thermoactive air conditioning system, according to claim 1, with sources

multiple energy and architectural integration characterized by the use of

hollows inside the floor to pass the air and store heat, giving them some

air steps at its ends.

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4.-Thermoactive air conditioning system with multiple energy sources and

architectural integration according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized by a roof

solar thermal energy collector comprising a sheet metal, which receives in

its outer face glass plates, of similar size and shape to the rest of the elements

cover, slate, plate or tile, to become a thermal energy collector through

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of the air that flows through the gaps that remain between the plate and the glass.

S.-Thermoactive air conditioning system according to claim 4 characterized in that

the sheet metal has a high temperature resistant insulation adhered to its

lower face and perforations at its ends that allow the passage of air, without

damage the waterproofing capacity of the sheet.

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6.Thermoactive air conditioning system with multiple energy sources and

architectural integration, according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the

air circuit passes under the floor slab or behind the retaining walls of

basement, in direct contact with the surrounding terrain, to capture its energy

geothermal, while the conduits that make up that part of the circuit perform the

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drainage function of the possible subsoil humidities.

7. Thermoactive air conditioning system according to claims 1 and 2,

characterized in that the duets of the circuit can admit contributions of hot air

or cold by connecting other common air conditioning systems, such as heat pumps,

chimneys, stoves, or boilers of any kind, including cogeneration.