Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2851—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the lectin superfamily, e.g. CD23, CD72
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
  • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding

Definitions

• Wallgard et al analysed publicly available micro-array expression data and identified a core set of 58 genes with broad, endothelial-specific expression in the microvasculature. This set includes most known and currently used endothelial markers, as well as genes that had not previously been linked to endothelial function, none of which were CLEC14A (Wallgard ef al (2008) "Identification of a core set of 58 gene transcripts with broad and specific expression in the microvasculature.” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 28: 1469- 1476).
• CLEC14A is specifically expressed in the vascular endothelium of a range of solid tumours including tumours of the colon, rectum, ovary, liver, bladder, prostate, breast, kidney, pancreas, stomach, oesophagus, lung and thyroid.
• the individual has a solid tumour selected from colon, rectal, ovarian, liver, bladder, prostate, breast, kidney, pancreas, stomach, oesophagus, lung and thyroid tumours.
• the mature human polypeptide is 469 amino acids in length (amino acid residues 22-490), and contains a 375 residue extracellular region (residues 22-396), a transmembrane region (residues 397-425), and a cytoplasmic region (residues 426-490).
• the extracellular region contains a C-type lectin like domain (residues 32-175) and an EGF- like region (residues 245-287).
• the antibody when the antibody is administered to an individual, the antibody binds to the target CLEC1 A or to the specified portion thereof with a greater affinity than for any other molecule in the individual.
• the antibody binds to (a specified portion of) the CLEC14A with at least 2, or at least 5, or at least 10 or at least 50 times greater affinity than for any other molecule in the individual.
• the agent binds the CLEC14A (at the specific domain) with at least 100, or at least 1 ,000, or at least 10,000 times greater affinity than any other molecule in the individual.
• the antibody molecule selectively binds the CLEC14A without significantly binding other polypeptides in the body.
• ScFv molecules we mean molecules wherein the V H and V L partner domains are linked via a flexible oligopeptide.
• Engineered antibodies such as ScFv antibodies, can be made using the techniques and approaches long known in the art. The advantages of using antibody fragments, rather than whole antibodies, are several-fold. The smaller size of the fragments may lead to improved pharmacological properties, such as better penetration to the target site. Effector functions of whole antibodies, such as complement binding, are removed. Fab, Fv, ScFv and dAb antibody fragments can all be expressed in and secreted from £ coli, thus allowing the facile production of large amounts of the fragments. Whole antibodies, and F(ab') 2 fragments are "bivalent".
• the antibody Before use as a therapeutic agent, the antibody may be transferred to a soluble format e.g. Fab or scFv and analysed as such. In later steps the antibody fragment identified to have desirable characteristics may be transferred into yet other formats such as full-length antibodies.
• WO 98/32845 and Soderlind et al (2000) Nature BioTechnol. 18: 852-856 describe technology for the generation of variability in antibody libraries. Antibody fragments derived from this library all have the same framework regions and only differ in their CDRs. Since the framework regions are of germline sequence the immunogenicity of antibodies derived from the library, or similar libraries produced using the same technology, are expected to be particularly low (Soderlind et al, 2000).
• antisense oligonucleotides are 15 to 35 bases in length.
• 20-mer oligonucleotides have been shown to inhibit the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA (Witters et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat 53:41-50 (1999)) and 25- mer oligonucleotides have been shown to decrease the expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone by greater than 90% (Frankel et al., J Neurosurg 91 :261-7 (1999)).
• Ribozymes are RNA or RNA-protein complexes that cleave nucleic acids in a site- specific fashion. Ribozymes have specific catalytic domains that possess endonuclease activity. For example, a large number of ribozymes accelerate phosphoester transfer reactions with a high degree of specificity, often cleaving only one of several phosphoesters in an oligonucleotide substrate. This specificity has been attributed to the requirement that the substrate bind via specific base-pairing interactions to the internal guide sequence ("IGS") of the ribozyme prior to chemical reaction. Ribozyme catalysis has primarily been observed as part of sequence-specific cleavage/ligation reactions involving nucleic acids.
• IGS internal guide sequence
• DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
• FCS foetal calf serum
• Transfection of the cell line is conveniently by calcium phosphate co-precipitation, and stable transformants are selected by addition of G418 to a final concentration of 1 mg/ml (assuming the retroviral construct contains a neo R gene).
• Independent colonies are isolated and expanded and the culture supernatant removed, filtered through a 0.45 pm pore-size filter and stored at -70°C.
• Targeted retroviruses are also available for use in the invention; for example, sequences conferring specific binding affinities may be engineered into pre-existing viral env genes (see Miller & Vile (1995) Faseb J. 9, 190-199, for a review of this and other targeted vectors for gene therapy).
• a high-efficiency nucleic acid delivery system that uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to carry DNA macromolecules into cells is employed. This is accomplished by conjugating the iron-transport protein transferrin to polycations that bind nucleic acids. Human transferrin, or the chicken homologue conalbumin, or combinations thereof is covalently linked to the small DNA-binding protein protamine or to polylysines of various sizes through a disulphide linkage. These modified transferrin molecules maintain their ability to bind their cognate receptor and to mediate efficient iron transport into the cell.
• Methods of delivering polynucleotides to a patient are well known to a person of skill in the art and include the use of immunoliposomes, viral vectors (including vaccinia, modified vaccinia, adenovirus and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors), and by direct delivery of DNA, e.g. using a gene-gun and electroporation.
• methods of delivering polynucleotides to a target tissue of a patient for treatment are also well known in the art.
• the inhibitor is typically administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice and the veterinary surgeon will determine the dosing regimen and route of administration which will be most appropriate for a particular animal.
• the further anticancer agent may be selected from alkylating agents including nitrogen mustards such as mechlorethamine (HN 2 ), cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan (L- sarcolysin) and chlorambucil; ethylenimines and methylmelamines such as hexamethylmelamine, thiotepa; alkyl sulphonates such as busulphan; nitrosoureas such as carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU), semustine (methyl-CCNU) and streptozocin (streptozotocin); and triazenes such as decarbazine (DTIC; dimethyltriazenoimidazole- carboxamide); antimetabolites including folic acid analogues such as methotrexate (amethopterin); pyrimidine analogues such as fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil; 5-FU), floxuridine (fluor
• the clinically used anticancer agents are typically grouped by mechanism of action: Alkylating agents, Topoisomerase I inhibitors, Topoisomerase II inhibitors, RNA/DNA antimetabolites, DNA antimetabolites and Antimitotic agents.
• Alkylating agents Topoisomerase I inhibitors
• Topoisomerase II inhibitors Topoisomerase II inhibitors
• RNA/DNA antimetabolites DNA antimetabolites
• Antimitotic agents The US NIH/National Cancer Institute website lists 122 compounds (http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/docs/cancer/ searches/standard_mechanism.html), all of which may be used in conjunction with an inhibitor of CLEC14A.
• a fourth aspect of the invention provides a method of imaging tumour neovasculature in the body of an individual the method comprising administering to the individual a compound comprising (i) an antibody that selectively binds the CLEC14A polypeptide and (ii) a detectable moiety, and imaging the detectable moiety in the body.
• the method may further comprise the step of detecting the location of the compound in the individual.
• the candidate compound may be a small organic molecule.
• Suitable small molecule that bind to the CLEC14A polypeptide, or a fragment thereof may be identified by methods such as screening large libraries of compounds (Beck- Sickinger & Weber (2001 ) Combinational Strategies in Biology and Chemistry (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Hampshire); by structure-activity relationship by nuclear magnetic resonance (Shuker et al (1996) "Discovering high-affinity ligands for proteins: SAR by NMR. Science 274: 1531-1534); encoded self-assembling chemical libraries Melkko ei al (2004) “Encoded self-assembling chemical libraries.” Nature Biotechnol.
• a further method of identifying a compound that is capable of binding to the CLEC14A polypeptide or fragment thereof is one where the polypeptide is exposed to the compound and any binding of the compound to the said polypeptide is detected and/or measured.
• the binding constant for the binding of the compound to the CLEC14A polypeptide may be determined.
• Suitable methods for detecting and/or measuring (quantifying) the binding of a compound to a polypeptide are well known to those skilled in the art and may be performed, for example, using a method capable of high throughput operation, for example a chip-based method.
• Technology, called VLSIPSTM has enabled the production of extremely small chips that contain hundreds of thousands or more of different molecular probes.
• the tubing from two adjacent arms was connected and placed into a multichannel, 8-roller pump (model 502S; Watson Marlow Ltd.) forming a continuous flow loop.
• the pump and external tubing were enclosed in a perspex box, thermostatically regulated at 37°C.
• the tubing from a separate microslide in each dish was connected to a separate pump.
• FIG 10 illustrates the results from real-time PCR of HUVECs under shear stress and static conditions.
• ROB04 is a known tumour endothelial marker, that is highly specific for endothelial cells, and the inhibition of which inhibits angiogenesis.
• Both ROB04 and CLEC14A mRNAs are significantly down-regulated under shear stress (2Pa), and down- regulation under shear stress is a phenomenon that is associated with pro-angiogenesis genes.
• the expression of CLEC14A in sections of solid tumours and normal tissue was examined using CLEC14A-specific probes.

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• 2010
  • 2010-09-03 HU HUE10757617A patent/HUE028878T2/en unknown
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