WO2011027050A1

WO2011027050A1 - Equipment and method for manufacturing self-compacting concrete arch stones for a tunnel

Info

Publication number: WO2011027050A1
Application number: PCT/FR2010/000597
Authority: WO
Inventors: Didier Lefebvre; François Petit
Original assignee: Vinci Construction Grands Projets; C.B.E.
Priority date: 2009-09-04
Filing date: 2010-09-01
Publication date: 2011-03-10
Also published as: FR2949702B1; FR2949702A1

Abstract

The invention relates to equipment (1) for manufacturing concrete arch stones (2), comprising: an sealed arch stone mold (3) including a curved lower surface wall (4) and a curved upper surface wall (5) connected by four side flanges (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), said mold (3) having an opening (8) for injecting concrete, and a vent (9) for discharging air; means for injecting concrete into the mold (3); and means for lifting the mold, arranged so as to pivot the mold (3) between a rest position and at least one concrete injection position such that the injection opening (8) is at the lower portion of the mold (3) and the air discharge vent (9) is at the upper portion of the mold (3) in order to facilitate the discharge of air when injecting the concrete.

Description

EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING TAPES OF CONCRETE TUNNEL IN PLASTIC CONCRETE

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] The invention relates to an equipment and a method for manufacturing concrete tunnel voussoirs.

STATE OF THE ART

[002] For the realization of an underground gallery, it is necessary, after drilling the tunnel, to cover its wall with a coating.

[003] In the vast majority of cases, the coating consists of a succession of rings made of prefabricated elements of curved shape called voussoirs and each forming an angular sector of the ring. As a general rule, the ring consists of several voussoirs of similar sizes and a last voussoir smaller, the key, which closes the ring. The voussoirs ensure the resistance of the gallery to the external pressure. To do this, the area between the digging wall and the voussoirs is usually filled by mortar injection. The voussoirs realize the interior finishing of the gallery and they offer an axial support to the active part of the TBM when the tunnel is dug. The voussoirs also seal between the inside and the outside of the tunnel. To do this, the voussoirs are generally equipped with seals housed in grooves formed on the lateral faces of the voussoirs. In order to ensure a satisfactory mechanical transfer between segments, the tolerance margins on the dimensions of the segments are extremely small (1/10 and 1/100 mm). The voussoirs can also be made with a coating ensuring the interior finish of the tunnel.

[004] Currently, tunnel segments are generally manufactured in pouring concrete of "firm" firm consistency in a mold whose cover has been closed beforehand and is then subjected to significant vibrations (hyper-vibration) so as to place the concrete in the mold. When the concrete is put in place, the lid is opened then operators ensure the surfacing of the extrados of the voussoir. Finally, the mold is subjected to steaming so as to accelerate the hardening of the concrete.

[005] The vibration operations have the disadvantage of damaging the molds in the medium term. However, given the low margins of tolerance to be respected, the slightest deterioration of a mold causes the manufacture of non-exploitable segments. Thus, the molds of voussoir require a regular maintenance, a rigorous maintenance and frequent repairs in order to guarantee the respect of the margins of tolerance.

[006] Moreover, the vibrations generate significant noise. Thus, the factories of manufacture of voussoirs can be established only in authorized industrial zones. In addition, noise nuisance requires the establishment of specific soundproofing cabins and / or individual hearing protections.

[007] Moreover, the tasks related to the surfacing of the extrados of the voussoirs with conventional concrete are painful. [008] Finally, the implementation of "conventional" concrete requiring vibration always requires a laborious development, consisting of checking and adjusting for each project the adequacy of the vibration process with the mass of the voussoir, the shape of the mold and concrete formulation to ensure a satisfactory surface condition of the voussoirs, especially on their side faces. It is indeed important that the side faces have a satisfactory surface condition to ensure tightness between the voussoirs and the good transmission of efforts from one voussoir to another. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[009] The invention aims to remedy these problems by proposing an equipment and a method for making voussoirs having a satisfactory surface condition and whose dimensions respect low margins of tolerance while avoiding vibration operations.

For this purpose, and according to a first aspect, the invention provides equipment for the manufacture of concrete voussoirs comprising:

- A waterproof voussoir mold comprising a lower surface and a curved extrados wall connected by four side flanges, said mold having a concrete injection port disposed near a first side cheek and an air evacuation vent. arranged near a second side cheek opposite said first side cheek;

- Concrete injection means in the mold for cooperating with said injection port; and

mold raising means arranged to rotate the mold between a rest position in which the voussoir mold extends horizontally and at least one concrete injection position in which the voussoir mold is raised, the second cheek lateral section being raised relative to the first lateral cheek, so that the injection orifice is located in the lower part of the mold and the air evacuation vent is located in the upper part of the mold to facilitate the evacuation air when injecting concrete.

[001 1] Thus, the equipment according to the invention eliminates vibration operation since it is particularly well suited to the injection of self-placing concrete whose fluidity is such that it is capable of set up in the mold without requiring vibration. In addition, during the injection, the mold is inclined so that the self-placing concrete gradually fills the mold perfectly marrying its walls and thus flushes all the air through the vent, in the manner of a piston. Thus, the formation and trapping of air bubbles, the main causes of siding defects, are limited so that the surface condition of the voussoir is satisfactory.

Furthermore, the equipment allows the mold to rest horizontally, on permanent supports, in the rest position. Thus, access to the mold for pre-injection preparation operations (cleaning the mold, placing accessories, reinforcement cages, etc.) is easy. In addition, when the injection is complete, the repositioning of the mold in the horizontal rest position makes it possible to overcome the mold deformations due to imperfect lifting (twisting), to limit the deformations of the mold under the effect of the thrust hydrostatic applied by the fresh concrete, to obtain an identical surface quality on the first and the second lateral cheek and to guarantee the geometry of the voussoir thus manufactured.

Advantageously, the equipment comprises a removable cap or flap to close the vent so as to seal the mold of voussoir. Advantageously, the equipment comprises a movable guillotine shutter or valve between an erased position and a closed position of the injection port so as to seal the mold at the injection port.

Advantageously, the equipment comprises a spillway at the discharge vent to evacuate a portion of concrete corresponding to the filling front of the mold. In a first embodiment, the extrados wall constitutes the upper wall of the mold and the discharge vent extends along the edge of the extrados wall adjacent a first end cheek.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the intrados wall constitutes the upper wall of the mold and the evacuation vent extends along a first end cheek.

According to alternative embodiments, the injection orifice is formed in an edge of the extrados wall or the intrados wall, adjoining a second end cheek opposite to the first end cheek or directly in said second end cheek.

In a third embodiment of the invention, the exhaust vent is formed in the first longitudinal cheek. In this case, the injection orifice is formed in an edge of the extrados wall or the intrados wall, adjoining a second longitudinal cheek opposite the first longitudinal cheek or directly in said second longitudinal cheek.

Advantageously, the lifting means comprise an actuator and a frame having a base and a support member of the mold pivotally mounted on the base to allow the pivoting of the mold between its rest position and an injection position.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a segment manufacturing plant comprising at least a plurality of equipment according to the first aspect of the invention.

Finally, according to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for the manufacture of voussoirs by means of equipment comprising a sealed voussoir mold comprising a lower wall and an extrados wall curved connected by four lateral cheeks, said mold having a concrete injection port disposed near a first side cheek and an air evacuation vent disposed near a second side cheek, opposite said first lateral cheek, concrete injection means in the mold for cooperating with said injection orifice and mold raising means arranged to rotate the mold between a rest position in which the mold extends horizontally and at at least one injection point of the concrete in which the mold is raised, the second lateral cheek being raised relative to the first lateral cheek, so that the injection orifice is located in the lower part of the mold and the air vent is air evacuation is located in the upper part of the mold to facilitate the evacuation of air during the injection of the concrete; said method comprising:

a step of positioning the mold in an injection position;

- A step of injecting a self-placing concrete in the mold in the injection position; and

a step of positioning the mold in its rest position for the solidification of the self-placing concrete.

Advantageously, during the injection, the vent is discharged a portion of concrete corresponding to the filling front of the mold. Advantageously, when the injection step is complete, the vent is covered with a removable or foldable cap.

In one embodiment, the inclination of the mold is varied during the injection of the self-placing concrete so as to allow. a better path of air during the injection. In this case, the inclination of the mold is varied so that, in a first phase, the filling front of the concrete is substantially perpendicular to the extrados and intrados walls (knowing that the self-compacting concrete having a behavior similar to that of a liquid, the filling front is always practically horizontal and that, in a second phase, while the filling front approaches the vent, the vent extends substantially horizontally in the upper part of the mold.

For summary, the advantages of the invention are manifold. On the one hand, the voussoir manufacturing method according to the invention requires no more vibration so that the compactness of the concrete from one voussoir to another is strictly identical, the life of the molds is increased and the holding the dimensional characteristics of the mold is better. On the other hand, the invention reduces the work hardness by removing the noise annoyance due to vibration and eliminating the relatively difficult task of surfacing and finishing of the extrados. Finally, the method according to the invention is faster than the previous methods because the injection time is less than the cumulative duration of casting steps, vibration of the prior art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0028] Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a conventional conventional voussoir, including handling equipment and assembly;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the voussoir of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the intrados face of the voussoir of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of an equipment for the manufacture of concrete voussoirs according to three variants of a first embodiment. of the invention, the mold being illustrated in the injection position of the concrete;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the equipment of FIG. 4, the mold being illustrated in the rest position;

- Figures 6a and 6b are respectively a side view and a cross-sectional view of the equipment of Figure 4, illustrating in detail the concrete injection port according to a first embodiment;

- Figures 7a and 7b are respectively a side view and a cross-sectional view of the equipment of Figure 4, illustrating in detail the injection port of the concrete according to a second variant;

- Figures 8a and 8b are respectively a side view and a cross-sectional view of the equipment of Figure 4, illustrating in detail the injection port of the concrete according to a third variant;

- Figure 9 is a side view of an equipment for the manufacture of concrete segments in three variants of the second embodiment shown, the mold being in the injection position of the concrete;

- Figure 10 is a side view of an equipment for the manufacture of concrete segments according to a second embodiment of the invention, the mold being illustrated in the rest position;

- Figure 1 1 illustrates an equipment for the manufacture of concrete segments in three variants of the third embodiment, the mold being illustrated in concrete injection position FIG. 12 illustrates an equipment for the manufacture of concrete voussoirs according to a third embodiment of the invention, the mold being illustrated in the rest position; ; and

FIGS. 13a and 13b are respectively vertical and transverse sections of the upper part of the equipment for the manufacture of the voussoirs of FIG. 4, illustrating in a detailed manner the air evacuation vent and the weir in position; concreting.

FIGS. 14a and 14b are respectively vertical and transverse sections of the upper part of the equipment for the manufacture of voussoirs of FIG. 4, illustrating in a detailed manner the air evacuation vent in the closed position after concreting; and resting the mold.

EXAMPLES OF REALIZATION

Figures 1 to 3, there is shown by way of example a voussoir 2 self-placing concrete obtained by the implementation of a method according to the invention. The voussoir 2 is a prefabricated monoblock piece having a convex face called extrados 15, a concave face called intrados 14, and four lateral faces 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b. Two opposite lateral faces called end faces 17a, 17b are intended to bear on the abutment faces 17a, 17b of voussoirs 2 forming adjacent angular sectors of the same ring. Two other opposite lateral faces called longitudinal faces 16a, 16b are intended to come opposite longitudinal faces 16a, 16b of voussoirs 2 adjacent rings. To allow the attachment of voussoirs 2 between them, voussoir 2 presents on its intrados 14 recesses 18 extended by bores 19 opening on the side faces 17b, 16a of voussoir 2 and threaded bushings 20 immersed at the side faces 17a and 16b. To fix two voussoirs 2 adjacent to each other, a fixing screw, introduced by the recess 18, through the bore 19 and cooperates with the threaded sleeve 20 of a voussoir 2 adjacent.

The equipment for the manufacture of voussoir, shown in Figures 4 to, comprises a mold 3 of voussoir waterproof. The mold 3 comprises two curved walls 4, 5 and four lateral cheeks 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b connecting the two curved walls 4, 5. The curved wall modeling the extrados 15 of the voussoir 2 will subsequently be called the extrados wall 5, the other curved wall modeling the intrados 14 of the voussoir 2 will be called the intrados wall 4, the side walls for modeling the end faces 17a, 17b will be called end cheeks 7a, 7b and the side walls for modeling the longitudinal faces 16a, 16b will be called longitudinal cheeks 6a, 6b.

Of course, one of the walls of the mold 3, preferably the upper wall, consists of a removable or foldable lid for demolding the voussoir 2.

For example, the mold 3 is made of steel and its walls 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b have thicknesses and / or reinforcements allowing the mold 3 to withstand the pressures and / or efforts implemented during the voussoir 2 manufacturing process according to the invention and in particular during the injection of the concrete into the mold 3.

The mold 3 also includes various accessories not shown. On its intrados wall 4, the mold 3 has protruding elements intended to form the recesses 18 and, on its lateral cheeks 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, orifices for receiving removable pins for connecting to the projecting elements. The side cheeks 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b also have orifices allowing the passage of various accessories, such as socket doors. Furthermore, the mold 3 has an orifice 8 for injection of concrete and a vent 9 of air evacuation. The concrete injection orifice 8 is disposed near a first lateral cheek 7a of the mold 3 while the air evacuation vent 9 is disposed near a second side cheek 7b opposite to said first side cheek 7a. Here will be understood by "element located near a side cheek", an element located at a distance less than 10% of the largest dimension of the mold 3 of the side cheek in question.

In the first embodiment shown in Figure 4, the concavity of the mold 3, in the rest position, is oriented towards the ground. The extrados wall 15 forms the upper wall of the mold 3 This extrados wall 15 is preferably constituted by a removable or foldable lid.

The vent 9 extends here along the edge of the extrados wall 5 adjacent the cheek 7b (see Figure 13a). The equipment 1 comprises a removable or foldable cap 10 for sealing the mold 3 and sealing it once the concrete has been injected. Advantageously, the plug 10 has an inner wall following the curvature of the mold 3 so as to limit the facing defects of the extrados face 15 at the level of the vent 9. A plug 10 forming a slightly negative imprint in the 2. Indeed, a facing defect that protrudes from the extrados wall 15 is absolutely undesirable because it would be likely to damage the tunneler's skirt during the installation of voussoirs 2 in the tunnel. Furthermore, the equipment preferably comprises a weir 24, shown in detail in Figures 13b and 14b. This weir 24 allows to evacuate a portion of concrete corresponding to the filling front of the mold 3. The weir is for example formed of a gutter arranged to drive the overflow of concrete into a container.

At the end of the mold 3 opposite the vent 9, a concrete injection port 8 is formed near the other end cheek 7a. Figures 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b show the injection orifice 8 of the concrete according to three embodiments of the invention. In the variant shown in Figures 6a and 6b, the injection port 8 is formed in an edge of the intrados wall 4 adjacent the cheek 7a. In a second variant shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the injection orifice 8 is directly formed in the end cheek 7a. Finally, in a third variant shown in Figures 8a and 8b, the injection port 8 is formed in an edge of the extrados wall 5 adjacent the cheek 7a. Finally, in a fourth variant not shown, the injection orifice 8 is formed in an edge of the longitudinal cheek 6a and / or 6b adjacent the cheek 7a.

It is noted that the variants illustrated in Figures 6a, 6b, 8a and 8b will generally be preferred to the variant illustrated in Figures 7a and 7b and the fourth variant. Indeed, insofar as the voussoir 2 is likely to present locally a slight defect at the injection orifice 8, it is preferable to provide this orifice 8 in the intrados wall 4 or in the extrados wall 5 rather than in a cheek 7a or a longitudinal cheek 6a and / or 6b because the surface state of the contact faces 16a, 16b 17a and 17b is critical for sealing and transmission of forces between the voussoirs 2.

The mold 3 has, at the injection orifice 8, a sleeve 21 connection intended to receive a tip of a conduit 22 of concrete distribution. The mold 3 is also equipped with a guillotine shutter 1 1 or valve. The guillotine or valve is slidably mounted on the mold 3 between an erased position and a closed position of the injection orifice 8. The shutter 1 1 is used to seal the mold 3 at the injection port 8 when the injection of concrete is completed.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and can for example provide a mold 3 of voussoir having several injection ports 8 near the second side cheek 7a.

The injection means not shown comprise a hopper receiving the concrete, a pipe 22 of concrete distribution having a tip adaptable to the connection sleeve 21 described above and a pump for moving the concrete, through the conduit 22, from the hopper towards the mold 3. For reasons of precision of the settings of the concrete injection flows, the pump is preferably a rotor pump making it possible to fill the mold 3 at a regular flow rate, unlike a piston pump, by example, which would present jolts injection. In a particular embodiment, the injection means consist of a pump mixo comprising a rotor and a rotor pump.

The equipment 1 according to the invention further comprises lifting means of the mold. The lifting means enable the mold to pivot between a rest position shown in FIGS. 5, 10 and 12 and a concrete injection position, represented in FIGS. 4, 9 and 11, in which the vent 9 extends substantially horizontally in upper portion of the mold 3.

In the embodiments shown, the lifting means comprise a frame having a base 13 and a mold support member 12 mounted hinged to the base around an axis of rotation A. The axis of rotation A extends near the first side cheek 7a near which is formed the orifice 8 of concrete injection. Furthermore, the lifting means comprise an actuator for pivoting the support member 12 relative to the base 13. The actuator may include one or more jacks extending between the base 13 and the support member 12 It will also be possible to use a lifting device such as a forklift or a crane one or more hooks or magnets of which would be fixed on the support element 12 or on the mold 3.

In general, any lifting means having sufficient power to rotate a mold of voussoir 2 can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. It is further noted that the lifting frame can be permanently associated with the mold or may be only temporarily associated with the mold during the single phase of concreting.

Furthermore, in one embodiment of the invention, the lifting means are arranged to vary the inclination of the mold 3 during the injection so as to optimize the flow of bubbles along the walls. In order to make it possible to automate the lifting of the mold 3 as a function of the injection, it is possible to provide a central control unit coupled on the one hand to the injection means and on the other hand to the lifting means so as to automatically vary the inclination of the mold 3 according to the progress of the injection. Figures 9 and 10 show a piece of equipment 1 of voussoirs 2 according to a second embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the concavity of the mold 3, in the rest position, is facing up. The intrados wall 4 thus forms the upper wall of the mold 3. The intrados wall is preferably constituted by a removable or foldable lid. In this case, the vent 9 extends along the end cheek 7b or along the edge of the intrados wall 4 adjacent the cheek 7b.

Similarly, for this embodiment, the injection orifice 8 may be formed according to four embodiments of the invention, namely: in an edge of the intrados wall 4 adjacent the cheek of about 7a, in an edge of the extrados wall 5 adjacent the cheek 7a, directly in the cheek 7a or in the edge of the side cheek 6a and / or 6b adjacent the cheek 7a

Finally, Figures 1 1 and 12 show a manufacturing equipment 1 of voussoirs 2 according to a third embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the pivot axis A extends here parallel to the longitudinal direction of the mold unlike the previously described embodiments in which the pivot axis A extended transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mold. The intrados and extrados walls 5 can indifferently form the upper wall of the mold 3. When the mold 3 is in the injection position, illustrated in FIG. 11, the mold is rotated by 90 ° with respect to its longitudinal axis. and the longitudinal flanges 6a and 6b thus form the upper and lower walls of the mold 3. The exhaust vent 9 extends along a first longitudinal flange 6a and the injection port 8 is formed in an edge of the extrados wall 5 or of the intrados wall 4 adjacent to a second longitudinal cheek 6b opposite to the first longitudinal cheek 6a or in the second longitudinal cheek 6b.

The method of manufacturing a voussoir according to the invention will be described thereafter.

In a first step, the mold is maintained in its rest position to allow the preparation of the mold. In the rest position, the mold 3 extends horizontally and rests on permanent supports 23. The removable or foldable lid, formed by one of the extrados or intrados walls according to the embodiment, is open so as to allow access inside the mold 3.

During this preparation step, accessories such as pins and socket doors are set up by the side cheeks. It is therefore important that the lateral cheeks of the mold are easily accessible when the mold is in the rest position. Generally, a metal reinforcement cage is also placed inside the mold 3 so as to reinforce the voussoir 2.

Furthermore, when the preliminary operations of preparation of the mold 3 are completed, the mold cover is closed and the mold 3 is positioned in an injection position. In this injection position, the mold 3 is inclined and the second side cheek near which is formed the air evacuation vent 9 is raised relative to the first side cheek near which is formed l injection port 8. Thus, the injection orifice 8 is located in the lower part of the mold 3 and the air evacuation vent 9 is located in the upper part of the mold 3 to facilitate the evacuation of air during the injection of concrete.

When the mold 3 is in the injection position, self-placing concrete is injected. A self-placing concrete is a concrete capable of being put into place in the most complex and very congested forms without require for all the means of vibration. To fulfill this condition, the concrete must be very fluid, that is to say very deformable. This is only possible if the water / cement ratio is high or if the concrete contains a superplasticizer. In a manner known per se, it will first be possible to check the characteristics of the self-placing concrete, in particular by performing a spreading test with the Abrams cone in order to check its fluidity.

The voussoirs made with self-placing concretes may include metal frames manually or industrially constituted. The self-placing concrete formulation may comprise metallic and / or synthetic fibers. In particular, the self-placing concrete may comprise polypropylene fibers for giving the voussoirs resistance to high temperatures and / or metal fibers to replace the reinforcement cages.

The mold 3 is gradually filled with self-placing concrete. Preferably, concrete is injected into the mold 3 until a portion of concrete corresponding to the filling front of the concrete is evacuated. Indeed, as a safety measure, it is preferred to evacuate this concrete portion of the mold 3 by means of the spillway because this portion of concrete is likely to have lost its homogeneity during its passage through the reinforcements of the cage. This portion of concrete generally has a maximum volume of 1/10 of the total volume of the voussoir 2.

In one embodiment of the method, the inclination of the mold 3 is varied during the injection of the self-placing concrete so that the imprisonment of the bubbles in the concrete is limited. In this case, the lifting means of the mold 3 are piloted such that the filling front of the concrete is substantially perpendicular to the extrados and the intrados during a first phase and that, in a second phase, while the front of filling approach of the vent 9, the vent 9 extends substantially horizontally in the upper part of the mold 3 so as to allow the evacuation of air. In other words, during the first phase, the lifting means is piloted so that the tangent to the extrados wall 5 or intrados 4 at the filling front is substantially vertical.

When the concrete portion has been removed, an operator manually or mechanically surfacing the voussoir 2 at the vent 9 and then the mold 3 is sealed, firstly, by positioning the cap 10 on the vent 9 and, on the other hand, by moving the guillotine or shutter valve 1 1 in its closed position of the injection port 8.

Subsequently, the mold 3 is re positioned in its initial rest position before the solidification of the self-placing concrete so as to limit deformation of the mold. Indeed, in the rest position, the difference in height between the highest point and the lowest point of the fresh concrete is much smaller than in the raised position, so the hydrostatic thrusts applied to the mold by the fresh concrete are reduced to a minimum and therefore the deformations of the resulting mold. Furthermore, in the high position, the mold could be slightly twisted because, for example, the application of a lift effort imperfectly centered.

The mold 3 then undergoes a parboiling operation and a demolding operation in which the lid of the mold 3 is removed, the side cheeks folded and the voussoir removed from the mold 3 by means of a gripping device, to cupping for example. Of course, it should be noted that the invention is compatible with factories manufacturing "fixed station" segments in which the molds are placed on the same site for the duration of the construction site or "carousel" in which the molds are automatically moved step by step on a production line to be routed to the different workstations. The invention is described in the foregoing by way of example. It is understood that the skilled person is able to achieve different embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Equipment (1) for the manufacture of concrete segments (2) comprising:

- a mold (3) waterproof voussoir comprising a curved wall (4) and extrados wall (5) connected by four lateral flanges (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), said mold (3) having an orifice (8) concrete injection device arranged near a first lateral cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), and an air evacuation vent (9) disposed near a second lateral cheek (6a, 6b 7a, 7b), opposite said first side cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b);

concrete injection means in the mold (3) intended to cooperate with said injection orifice (8); and

mold raising means arranged to rotate the mold (3) between a rest position in which the mold (3) extends horizontally and at least one concrete injection position in which the mold (3) is raised, the second lateral cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b) being raised relative to the first lateral cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), so that the orifice (8) of injection is partly lower part of the mold (3) and the vent (9) of air evacuation is located in the upper part of the mold (3) to facilitate the evacuation of air during the injection of the concrete.

2. Equipment (1) according to claim 1, comprising a cap (10) removable or foldable to close the vent (9).

3. Equipment (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising a guillotine shutter or valve (1 1) movable between an erased position and a closed position of the orifice (8) injection.

4. Equipment (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a spillway at the vent (9) for evacuation for evacuate a portion of concrete corresponding to the filling front of the mold (3).

5. Equipment (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the extrados wall (5) constitutes the upper wall of the mold (3), the vent (9) of discharge extending along the edge of the upper wall

(5) adjoining a first end cheek (7b).

6. Equipment (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intrados wall (4) constitutes the upper wall of the mold (3), the vent (9) of discharge extending along a first end cheek (7a).

7. Equipment (1) according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the injection orifice (8) is formed in an edge of the extrados wall (5) or the intrados wall (4). adjacent a second end cheek (7a, 7b) opposite the first end cheek (7b, 7a) or directly in said second end cheek (7a, 7b).

8. Equipment (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the vent (9) discharge is formed in the first longitudinal wall (6a, 6b).

9. Equipment according to claim 8, wherein the injection orifice (8) is formed in an edge of the extrados wall (5) or the intrados wall (4) adjoining a second longitudinal cheek (6b). , 6a) opposite to the first longitudinal cheek (6a, 6b) or directly in said second longitudinal cheek (6b, 6a).

10. Equipment (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the lifting means comprise an actuator and a frame having a base (13) and a support member (12). mold (3) pivotally mounted on the base (13) to allow the pivoting of the mold (3) between its rest position and an injection position.

Sewing machine factory comprising at least a plurality of equipment (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A method for the manufacture of voussoirs by means of equipment (1) comprising a mold (3) of voussoir sealed comprising a wall intrados (4) and an extrados wall (5) curved connected by four side flanges (6a, 6b , 7a, 7b), said mold (3) having a concrete injection opening (8) disposed near a first lateral cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), and an evacuation vent (9) air disposed near a second lateral cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), opposite to said first lateral cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), means for injecting concrete into the mold ( 3) intended to cooperate with said injection orifice (8) and mold raising means arranged to rotate the mold (3) between a rest position in which the mold (3) extends horizontally and at least one concrete injection position in which the mold (3) is raised, the second side cheek (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b) being raised relative to the first lateral orifice (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), so that the orifice (8) for injection is located in the lower part of the mold (3) and the vent (9) of the air evacuation is in the upper part of the mold (3) to facilitate the evacuation of the air during the injection of the concrete; said method comprising:

a step of positioning the mold (3) in an injection position;

- A step of injecting a self-placing concrete in the mold (3) in the injection position; and - A step of positioning the mold (3) in its rest position for the solidification of self-placing concrete.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, during the injection, is evacuated through the vent (9) a concrete portion corresponding to the filling front of the mold (3).

14. The method of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein when the injection step is complete, covering the vent (9) of a cap (10) removable or foldable.

15. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the inclination of the mold (3) is varied during the injection of self-placing concrete.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the inclination of the mold (3) is varied so that, in a first phase, the filling front of the concrete is substantially perpendicular to the intrados and the extrados and that, in a second phase, while the filling front approaches the vent (9), the vent (9) extends substantially horizontally in the upper part of the mold (3).