WO2011026372A1 - 频偏预补偿的方法与装置 - Google Patents

频偏预补偿的方法与装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011026372A1
WO2011026372A1 PCT/CN2010/074647 CN2010074647W WO2011026372A1 WO 2011026372 A1 WO2011026372 A1 WO 2011026372A1 CN 2010074647 W CN2010074647 W CN 2010074647W WO 2011026372 A1 WO2011026372 A1 WO 2011026372A1
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Prior art keywords
frequency offset
user terminal
frequency
unit
base station
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PCT/CN2010/074647
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱昀
黄河
谢玉堂
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2011026372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011026372A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0014Carrier regulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0014Carrier regulation
    • H04L2027/0018Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H04L2027/002Arrangements at the transmitter end using feedback from a remote receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a frequency offset pre-compensation technique, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for frequency offset pre-compensation for a high speed mobile user terminal in a wireless communication system.
  • the adverse effects of the user terminal when receiving the wireless signal are mainly reflected in the multipath effect and the Doppler frequency offset.
  • the Doppler frequency deviation is quite serious, and the adverse effects caused by the Doppler frequency offset are specifically shown in the following two.
  • the frequency of the signal received by the user terminal is F-x. If the user terminal also demodulates according to the signal frequency F, it is bound to cause an error. 2) If the UE operating frequency is locked at Fx and the uplink signal is transmitted at this frequency point, the base station receives the signal frequency on the uplink and becomes F-2x, and the frequency error will be further expanded to correctly demodulate the base station. negative effect. 3) When the user terminal is located at the junction of two cells, since the downlink frequency offset of the two cells is completely opposite, the user terminal encounters twice the frequency offset when switching. That is, in the original cell A, the frequency of the signal received by the user terminal is F-x; when switching to the new cell B, the frequency of the signal received by the user terminal becomes F+x, and a frequency offset of 2x is generated during the period.
  • the generated Doppler frequency offset is within a tolerable range.
  • the moving speed of the user terminal increases, and the Doppler frequency offset value X also increases proportionally.
  • the current speed of the EMU is 250 km/h
  • the Doppler frequency offset value x of the user terminal side reaches approximately 460 Hz
  • the vehicle speed is 430 km/h
  • the Doppler frequency offset value X on the user terminal side is approximately equal to 800 Hz
  • the frequency offset jump at the time of cell switching is up to about 1600 Hz.
  • most of the current user terminals do not have the ability to correct large frequency offsets. In such a scenario, the call drop is often caused, resulting in a low quality of communication system. Summary of the invention
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a frequency offset pre-compensation method and device, which can perform frequency offset compensation on a downlink signal when a user terminal moves at a high speed to ensure that the service quality of the user terminal is not greatly affected.
  • a method for frequency offset precompensation includes:
  • the base station performs frequency offset estimation according to the uplink signal of the user terminal, and performs frequency offset compensation on the downlink signal sent to the user terminal according to the frequency offset estimation value.
  • the base station performs frequency offset estimation according to the uplink signal of the user terminal, including: the base station detecting a frequency of the received uplink signal of the user terminal, estimating a frequency of the detected received uplink signal, and the The difference between the uplink signal frequencies transmitted by the user terminal is used as the frequency offset estimation value.
  • the base station estimates a difference between the detected frequency of the received uplink signal and the frequency of the uplink signal transmitted by the user terminal, which specifically includes:
  • the uplink signal of the user terminal is received by the remote radio unit RRU in the base station, and is sent to the baseband processing unit BBU in the base station by the down-conversion process, and the BBU estimates the uplink signal sent by the RRU.
  • a frequency offset estimate of the uplink signal is determined.
  • the frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value f pre is a function of the frequency offset estimate X.
  • the BBU determines a frequency offset value of the frequency offset pre-compensation of the downlink signal according to the estimated frequency offset value of the uplink signal, and controls a frequency value pair of the RRU according to the determined frequency offset pre-compensation.
  • the downlink signal that is transmitted is pre-compensated; and the RRU pre-compensates the downlink signal and sends the downlink signal to the user terminal.
  • the method further includes: transmitting, by the base station of the pre-switching cell, a frequency offset estimation value of the uplink signal of the user terminal to the radio network controller RNC, and then the RNC
  • the frequency offset estimation value is forwarded to the base station of the target handover cell, and the base station of the target handover cell determines the frequency value of the frequency offset pre-compensation of the downlink signal according to the received frequency offset estimation value, according to the determined frequency.
  • the frequency value of the pre-compensation is pre-compensated for the downlink signal, and then sent to the user terminal.
  • the method further includes:
  • the target RRU Determining, by the BBU, that the user terminal is switched from the pre-switching RRU to the target RRU, determining, according to the uplink signal frequency offset estimation value of the user terminal in the pre-switching RRU, that the target RRU is transmitted to the The frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value of the downlink signal of the user terminal, the target RRU pre-compensates the downlink signal according to the determined frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value, and then sends the downlink signal to the user terminal.
  • a frequency offset precompensation device comprising:
  • a frequency offset estimation unit configured to perform frequency offset estimation according to an uplink signal of the user terminal
  • a first frequency offset compensation unit configured to: send, to the user terminal, a downlink signal according to the frequency offset estimation value of the frequency offset estimation unit Perform frequency offset compensation.
  • the frequency offset estimation unit includes:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive an uplink signal of the user terminal
  • a detecting unit configured to detect a frequency of an uplink signal of the user terminal
  • the device further includes:
  • a notification unit configured to notify a target base station of a frequency offset estimation value of the uplink signal of the user terminal in a base station of the pre-switching cell by using a radio network controller RNC;
  • a second frequency offset compensation unit located in the target base station, configured to determine, according to the frequency offset estimation value notified by the notification unit, a frequency value of the frequency offset pre-compensation of the downlink signal by the user terminal, according to the determined frequency
  • the pre-compensated frequency value pre-compensates the downlink signal
  • a sending unit configured to send the frequency offset pre-compensated downlink signal to the user terminal.
  • the frequency offset estimation unit is located in a BBU of the base station; the first frequency offset compensation unit and the second frequency offset compensation unit are located in an RRU of the base station.
  • the present invention When the user terminal moves in a single cell, the present invention performs frequency offset estimation and performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal of the user terminal, and when the user terminal moves between two cells and involves handover, the present invention also applies
  • the frequency offset pre-compensation of the downlink signal can be performed on the switched user terminal in time, so that the correct demodulation of the downlink signal of the user terminal can be ensured, and the downlink service quality of the user terminal is guaranteed.
  • the present invention ensures good communication quality of the user terminal by performing good frequency offset pre-compensation for the high-speed mobile user terminal, especially the high-speed mobile user terminal in the handover process.
  • Embodiment 1 is a flowchart of a method for frequency offset pre-compensation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for frequency offset pre-compensation according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is a flowchart of a method for frequency offset pre-compensation according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for frequency offset pre-compensation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency offset estimation unit according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the basic idea of the present invention is: when a user terminal moves in a single cell, it is frequency-shifted Estimating and performing frequency offset compensation on the downlink signal of the user terminal, and when the user terminal moves between the two cells and involves handover, the present invention can also perform frequency offset compensation of the downlink signal on the switched user terminal in time. Thereby, the correct demodulation of the uplink signal of the user terminal can be ensured.
  • the base station A of the original cell reports the estimated Doppler frequency offset of the user terminal to the radio network controller (RNC, Radio Network Controller) before the handover occurs.
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • the RNC sends the Doppler frequency offset of the user terminal to the base station B of the new cell.
  • the base station A to which the original cell belongs and the base station B to which the new cell belongs respectively perform positive and negative reverse frequency offset pre-compensation for each user terminal, wherein the base station A performs positive frequency offset compensation, and the base station B performs negative frequency offset compensation, so that the terminal is in the
  • the downlink frequency offset actually received during the handover process is as smooth as possible.
  • the invention ensures good communication quality of the user terminal by performing good frequency offset compensation on the high-speed mobile user terminal, especially the high-speed mobile user terminal in the handover process.
  • a frequency F of mutually transmitting signals is agreed, but due to the Doppler effect generated by the user terminal during motion, the signal frequency F sent by the base station to the user terminal is There is a frequency deviation X between the frequencies actually received by the user terminal.
  • X is the Doppler shift. Its value is proportional to the speed of the user terminal.
  • V represents the moving speed of the user terminal
  • c represents the speed of light
  • / SF represents the frequency of the carrier, that is, the agreement between the base station and the user terminal The frequency F of the signals sent to each other.
  • the demodulation of the user terminal is difficult, and if the user terminal transmits the uplink signal according to the received frequency Fx, then a frequency deviation of X is added to the base station side, so that the uplink base station receives The signal frequency becomes F-2x, which in turn is based on The correct demodulation of the station has an effect.
  • the angle between it and the original cell base station is 180 degrees, and the angle between the new cell base station is minus 180 degrees, so that the formula (1) is known.
  • the user terminal generates a frequency offset jump of 2 times when switching. This pair of user terminals
  • the Doppler frequency offset compensation method of the present invention can make the uplink base station receive the signal close to zero frequency offset, and can eliminate the user terminal at d, The double-frequency offset jump problem when the zone boundary moves and switches.
  • the frequency offset pre-compensation method of this example includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 When receiving the uplink signal, the base station performs frequency offset estimation on the received uplink signal of the user terminal, and obtains a frequency offset value x of the uplink signal of the user terminal.
  • the remote radio frequency unit (RRU) of the base station receives the uplink radio frequency signal, and performs down-conversion processing on the received radio frequency signal to obtain a baseband signal, which is transmitted to the baseband processing unit BBU of the base station; the BBU estimates the baseband signal. Its frequency offset value.
  • the BBU estimates the Doppler frequency offset value of the baseband signal in a variety of ways.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN1595829A published on Mar. 16, 2005, discloses a method and apparatus for frequency offset estimation and compensation.
  • the Doppler shift value in the present invention can be estimated by frequency offset by referring to the manner described in the application. There are also a number of known methods, which are not described here.
  • Step 102 When the base station transmits the downlink signal, perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal of the user terminal according to the frequency offset value of the uplink signal of the user terminal estimated in the previous step, and the frequency value of the frequency offset pre-compensation is / pre .
  • the BBU of the base station calculates the frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value of the downlink signal, and the BBU controls the RRU of the base station to generate a pre-compensated downlink transmission radio frequency signal, which is then actually transmitted by the RRU.
  • Step 103 The user terminal receives the downlink signal.
  • Step 104 The user terminal locks the frequency to the frequency and sends a signal to the uplink.
  • / re 2X
  • f pre X , at this time, the user terminal side receives The downstream signal frequency is
  • the frequency offset pre-compensation method of this example includes the following steps:
  • Step 201 The base station A of the original cell (pre-switching cell) performs frequency offset estimation on the uplink signal of the user terminal received in the uplink, and obtains the frequency offset value X of the uplink signal of the user terminal.
  • Step 202 When transmitting the downlink signal to the user terminal, the base station A performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal to be transmitted according to the uplink frequency offset estimation value of the user terminal, and the frequency offset pre-compensation frequency value is f pre .
  • the base station A When the user terminal moves to the cell edge (before switching to the cell under the base station B), the base station A measures the strength according to the signal of the user terminal i, and determines that the user terminal switches out of the original cell, and the base station A The estimated Doppler frequency offset X of the user terminal is reported to the RNC, and the RNC transmits the Doppler frequency offset estimation value x of the user terminal to the base station B of the new cell.
  • the downlink frequency offset actually received by the user terminal is substantially zero.
  • Step 204 When transmitting the downlink signal to the user terminal, the base station B performs negative frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal transmitted according to the Doppler frequency offset estimation value of the user terminal transmitted by the RNC, that is, the frequency offset pre-compensation
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • BBUs baseband processing units
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • the large-capacity baseband processing units (BBUs) in the base station are centrally placed in a central equipment room, and a plurality of RRUs are connected to the BBUs by using optical fiber connections; these RRU units have the same or different types of antennas, continuous
  • the coverage of the segment-by-segment railway is such that the coverage of a single cell is increased, and a logical cell is constructed on the baseband side, that is, a plurality of physical locations are different, and RRUs of different types are classified into a logical cell by means of baseband processing.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for frequency offset pre-compensation according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, after multiple RRU units are introduced, the frequency offset pre-compensation method of this example includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 The RRU unit of the base station receives the uplink radio frequency signal of the user terminal, and then down-converts the signal to the BBU.
  • the BBU estimates the frequency offset value of the uplink signal of the user terminal for the down-converted baseband signal, and the BBU calculates the departure and sends the signal.
  • the frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value of the downlink signal of the user terminal controls the RRU to pre-compensate the downlink signal.
  • Step 302 When the original RRU unit transmits a downlink signal to the user terminal before the user terminal cross-RRU handover, the BBU controls the RRU to perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink transmission signal according to the uplink frequency offset estimation value of the user terminal, and the frequency offset pre-compensation
  • the compensated frequency value is f pre .
  • the frequency offset pre-compensation apparatus of the present invention includes a frequency offset estimation unit 40 and a first frequency offset compensation unit 41, wherein the frequency offset estimation The unit 40 is configured to perform frequency offset estimation according to the uplink signal of the user terminal.
  • the first frequency offset compensation unit 41 is configured to perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal sent to the user terminal according to the frequency offset estimation value of the frequency offset estimation unit 40.
  • the apparatus for frequency offset pre-compensation of the present invention further includes a notification unit 42, a second frequency offset compensation unit 43, and a transmitting unit 44, wherein the notification unit 42 is configured to use the user terminal in the base station of the pre-switching cell.
  • the frequency offset estimation value of the uplink signal is notified to the target base station by the RNC;
  • the second frequency offset compensation unit 43 is located in the target base station, and is configured to determine the downlink signal according to the frequency offset estimation value notified by the notification unit 42.
  • the frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value is pre-compensated according to the determined frequency offset pre-compensated frequency value;
  • the transmitting unit 44 is configured to send the frequency offset pre-compensated downlink signal to the user terminal.
  • the frequency offset estimation unit 40 is located in the BBU of the base station; the first frequency offset compensation unit 41 and the second frequency offset compensation unit 43 are located in the RRU of the base station.
  • the frequency offset estimation unit 40 of the present invention includes a receiving unit 401, a detecting unit 402, and a determining unit 403, where
  • the receiving unit 401 is configured to receive an uplink signal of the user terminal
  • the detecting unit 402 is configured to detect a frequency of the uplink signal of the user terminal
  • the determining unit 403 is configured to determine the detected uplink signal frequency and an uplink sent by the user terminal. The difference between the signal transmission frequencies as the frequency offset estimate.
  • frequency offset pre-compensation device shown in FIG. 4 is provided for implementing the foregoing method of frequency offset pre-compensation.
  • Each processing unit in the device shown in FIG. 4 can refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. It is understood from the related description in 3 that its function can be realized by a program running on a processor, or can be realized by a specific logic circuit.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种频偏预补偿的方法,包括:基站根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计,并根据频偏估计值对发送给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿。本发明同时公开了一种频偏预补偿的装置,包括:频偏估计单元,用于根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计;第一频偏补偿单元,用于根据所述频偏估计单元的频偏估计值对发送给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿。本发明通过对高速移动的用户终端特别是切换过程中的高速移动的用户终端进行很好的频偏补偿,从而保证了用户终端的通信质量。

Description

频偏预 的方法与装置 技术领域
本发明涉及频偏预补偿技术, 尤其涉及一种无线通信系统中对高速移 动的用户终端进行频偏预补偿的方法与装置。 背景技术
由于无线通信系统中用户终端的移动, 使用户终端在接收无线信号时 产生的不利影响主要体现在多径效应和多普勒频偏两方面。 尤其是用户终 端处于快速移动的场景下, 比如用户终端运动在高速铁路或高速公路上, 其受到的多普勒频偏就相当严重, 多普勒频偏带来的不利影响具体表现在 下面两点: 1 ) 当用户终端位于小区内部时, 用户终端接收到的信号频率和 基站发送的信号频率由于多普勒效应的影响而存在着频率偏差。 假设基站 发送的信号的频率为 F, 多普勒效应所造成的频偏为 X, 那么用户终端所接 收到的信号频率为 F-x。 如果用户终端还按照信号频率为 F进行解调, 势必 造成误差。 2 )如果 UE工作频率锁定在 F-x, 并以此频点来发送上行信号, 基站在上行接收到信号频率就变成了 F-2x, 频率误差将会进一步扩大, 给 基站正确解调产生更为不利的影响。 3 ) 当用户终端位于两个小区的交界处 时, 由于两个小区的下行频偏完全相反, 因此用户终端在切换时遭遇两倍 的频偏。 即在原小区 A时, 用户终端接收到的信号频率为 F-x; 切换到新小 区 B时,用户终端接收到的信号频率变为 F+x,期间产生了 2x的频偏跳变。
以上若干问题在用户终端处在低速运动状态下同样存在, 但由于用户 终端的移动速度较低, 所产生的多普勒频偏在可容忍的范围内。 但在高速 运动状态下用户终端的移动速度增大, 多普勒频偏值 X也正比例地增大, 比如目前动车组的车速为 250km/h, 用户终端侧的多普勒频偏值 x达到约 460Hz; 在更高速的磁悬浮列车场景下, 车速为 430km/h , 用户终端侧的多 普勒频偏值 X约等于 800Hz, 小区切换时的频偏跳变更高达约 1600Hz。 然 而, 目前大部分的用户终端都不具备大频偏的纠正能力, 在此种场景下, 往往引起掉话, 导致通信系统的服务质量不高。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种频偏预补偿的方法与装置, 能在用户终端高速运动时对下行信号进行频偏补偿, 保证用户终端的业务 质量不受太大影响。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种频偏预补偿的方法, 包括:
基站根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计, 并根据频偏估计值对发 送给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿。
优选地, 所述基站根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计, 包括: 所述基站检测接收到的所述用户终端的上行信号的频率, 估计所检测的 接收到的上行信号的频率与所述用户终端发射的上行信号频率之间的差 值, 作为频偏估计值。
优选地, 所述基站估计所检测的接收到的上行信号的频率与所述用户终 端发射的上行信号频率之间的差值, 具体包括:
由所述基站中的远端射频单元 RRU接收所述用户终端的上行信号, 经 下变频处理后发送到所述基站中的基带处理单元 BBU,由所述 BBU对 RRU 发送的上行信号进行估计, 确定出该上行信号的频偏估计值。
优选地, 所述频偏预补偿的频率值 fpre是频偏估计值 X的函数。
优选地,所述频偏预补偿的频率值是频偏估计值的函数,包括: f pre= X , 或者/ pre= - X , 或者 f pre= 2X , 或者 f pre= -2X 。 优选地, 所述 BBU根据估计出的上行信号的频偏值为所述用户终端确 定下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 并控制所述 RRU按所确定的频偏预补 偿的频率值对发射的下行信号进行预补偿; 以及, 所述 RRU对下行信号进 行预补偿后, 发送给所述用户终端。
优选地, 对于用户终端在小区间切换的场景下, 所述方法还包括: 切换前小区的基站将所述用户终端的上行信号的频偏估计值发送给无 线网络控制器 RNC, 然后 RNC将该频偏估计值转发给目标切换小区的基 站, 所述目标切换小区的基站根据所接收到的频偏估计值为所述用户终端 确定下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率值对 下行信号进行预补偿后, 发送给所述用户终端。
优选地, 所述方法还包括:
所述 BBU确定所述用户终端由切换前 RRU中切换到目标 RRU中时, 根据在所述切换前 RRU中所述用户终端的上行信号频偏估计值确定出所述 目标 RRU中发射给所述用户终端的下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 所述 目标 RRU按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率值对下行信号进行预补偿后, 发送 给所述用户终端。
一种频偏预补偿的装置, 包括:
频偏估计单元, 用于根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计; 以及 第一频偏补偿单元, 用于根据所述频偏估计单元的频偏估计值对发送 给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿。
优选地, 所述频偏估计单元包括:
接收单元, 用于接收所述用户终端的上行信号;
检测单元, 用于检测所述用户终端的上行信号的频率; 以及
确定单元, 用于确定所检测的上行信号频率与所述用户终端发射的上 行信号发射频率之间的差值, 作为频偏估计值。 优选地, 所述装置还包括:
通知单元, 用于将切换前小区的基站中所述用户终端的上行信号的频 偏估计值通过无线网络控制器 RNC通知目标基站;
第二频偏补偿单元, 位于所述目标基站中, 用于根据所述通知单元所 通知的频偏估计值为所述用户终端确定下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率值对下行信号进行预补偿; 以及
发送单元, 用于将频偏预补偿后的下行信号发送给所述用户终端。 优选地, 所述频偏估计单元位于基站的 BBU中; 所述第一频偏补偿单 元及所述第二频偏补偿单元位于基站的 RRU中。
本发明在用户终端在单个小区中移动时, 为其进行频偏估计且对用户 终端的下行信号进行频偏预补偿, 而当用户终端在两个小区之间移动而涉 及到切换时, 本发明同样能及时地对切换后的用户终端进行下行信号的频 偏预补偿, 从而能保证用户终端下行信号的正确解调, 保证了用户终端的 下行业务质量。 本发明通过对高速移动的用户终端特别是切换过程中的高 速移动的用户终端进行很好的频偏预补偿, 从而保证了用户终端的通信质 量。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例一的频偏预补偿的方法的流程图;
图 2为本发明实施例二的频偏预补偿的方法的流程图;
图 3为本发明实施例三的频偏预补偿的方法的流程图;
图 4为本发明频偏预补偿的装置的组成结构示意图;
图 5为本发明频偏估计单元的组成结构示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明的基本思想是: 用户终端在单个小区中移动时, 为其进行频偏 估计且对用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿, 而当用户终端在两个小区之 间移动而涉及到切换时, 本发明同样能及时地对切换后的用户终端进行下 行信号的频偏补偿, 从而能保证用户终端上行信号的正确解调。
另外, 对于用户终端在两个小区间切换的情况, 在发生切换之前, 原 小区的基站 A向无线网络控制器( RNC , Radio Network Controller )上报其 所估计的用户终端的多普勒频偏, RNC向新小区的基站 B下发该用户终端 的多普勒频偏。 原小区所属基站 A和新小区所属基站 B分别对各用户终端 下发信号进行正负相反频偏预补偿, 其中, 基站 A进行正频偏补偿, 而基 站 B进行负频偏补偿, 使得终端在切换过程中实际接收的下行频偏尽可能 平滑过渡。
本发明通过对高速移动的用户终端特别是切换过程中的高速移动的用 户终端进行很好的频偏补偿, 从而保证了用户终端的通信质量。
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白, 以下举实施例并 参照附图, 对本发明进一步详细说明。
用户终端和基站之间在建立无线链路时, 会约定一个相互发送信号的 频率 F,但由于用户终端在运动中所产生的多普勒效应,使得基站发送给用 户终端的信号频率 F与该用户终端实际接收到的频率之间存在着频率偏差 X。 X就是多普勒频偏。 其值与用户终端的速度成正比。
X = - - co^ 6 - fRF ( 1 ) c
其中, V表示用户终端的移动速度, c表示光速, 为 3xl08m/s, 表示 用户终端的无线信号与其运动方向间的夹角, /SF表示载波的频率, 即基站 与用户终端之间约定的互相发送信号的频率 F。
由于多普勒频偏的存在使得用户终端的解调产生了困难, 并且用户终 端如果按接收到的频率 F-x发送上行信号, 那么到了基站侧又多出一个 X 的频率偏差, 使得上行基站接收到的信号频率变成了 F-2x, 反过来又对基 站的正确解调产生了影响。
另外, 当用户终端从一个小区切换到另一个小区时, 它和原小区基站 之间的夹角为 180度, 和新小区基站之间的夹角为负 180度, 于是从公式 ( 1 )可知, 该用户终端在切换时产生了 2倍的频偏跳变。 这对用户终端的
Figure imgf000008_0001
为了避免高速移动下的用户终端的多普勒频偏所带来的不利情况, 本 发明的多普勒频偏补偿方法能使得上行基站接收信号接近零频偏, 并能消 除用户终端在 d、区边界移动而进行切换时的两倍频偏跳变问题。
实施例一
图 1为本发明实施例一的频偏预补偿的方法的流程图, 如图 1所示, 本示例的频偏预补偿的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤 101 : 基站接收上行信号时,对接收到的用户终端的上行信号进行 频偏估计, 得到的该用户终端的上行信号的频偏值 x。 在具体实现时, 是由 基站的远端射频单元 RRU来接收上行射频信号, 并对接收到射频信号进行 下变频处理, 获得基带信号, 传递到基站的基带处理单元 BBU; BBU对该 基带信号估计它的频偏值。 BBU估计基带信号的多普勒频偏值有多种实现 方式, 比如 2005年 3月 16日公开的公开号为 CN1595829A的中国专利申 请公开了一种频偏估计与补偿的方法与装置的技术方案, 本发明中的多普 勒频偏值可参照该申请文件的记载的方式进行频偏估计。 另外还有多种已 知的方法, 此处不再赘述。
步骤 102: 在基站发射下行信号时,根据前一步骤中所估计出的该用户 终端的上行信号的频偏值对该用户终端的下行信号进行频偏预补偿, 频偏 预补偿的频率值为 /pre。 其取值是上行信号频偏估计值 X 的函数, 比如 fpre = 2X , 即实际基站的下行发送信号频率是 F + 或者, fpre = X , 即实 际基站的下行发送信号频率是 F + X。 在具体实现时, 由基站的 BBU对下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值进行 计算, 并由 BBU来控制基站的 RRU来生成预补偿的下行发送射频信号, 然后由 RRU来实际发送。
步骤 103: 用户终端接收下行信号, 此时用户实际收到的下行信号是带 频偏预补偿的、 并受到多普勒效应影响的, 因此用户终端实际收到的下行 信号频率是 F + /pre- X , 在优选情况下是, fpre=2X , 那么用户终端实际 收到的下行信号频率是 F + Χ = + Χ; 或者, fpre=X , 用户终端实际收 到的下行信号频率是 F + /pre- Χ= + Χ- Χ= 。
步骤 104: 用户终端锁频到该频率上, 并向上行发送信号。 当/ re=2X , 此时基站侧接收到的信号频率为 F + /pre-2X=F , 因此解决了基站侧上行 2 倍频偏的问题; fpre=X , 此时用户终端侧接收到的下行信号频率为
F + fpre-X=F , 这样, 抵消了多普勒频偏对用户终端正确解调产生的不利 影响。
实施例二
图 2为本发明实施例二的频偏预补偿的方法的流程图, 如图 2所示, 对于用户终端在两基站间切换时, 本示例的频偏预补偿的方法包括以下步 骤:
步骤 201: 原小区 (切换前小区) 的基站 A对上行接收到的用户终端 的上行信号进行频偏估计, 得到的该用户终端的上行信号的频偏值 X。
步骤 202: 基站 A在向该用户终端发射下行信号时, 根据该用户终端 的上行频偏估计值对待发射的下行信号进行频偏预补偿, 频偏预补偿的频 率值为 fpre。 fpre的取值是上行频偏估计值 X的函数, 比如 fpre = X。 这样使 得用户终端实际接收的下行频偏基本为 0。
该用户终端移动到小区边缘(切换到基站 B下的小区前) 时, 基站 A 根据用户终端 i的信号测量强度, 判决用户终端切换出原小区, 同时基站 A 将其所估计的该用户终端的多普勒频偏 X上报给 RNC, RNC向新小区的基 站 B发送该用户终端的多普勒频偏估计值 x。
步骤 203: 用户终端在切换前, 接收基站 A的下行信号, 并锁频到该 下行信号的频率 = F + / re - X = F上。这样, 该用户终端实际接收的下行频 偏基本为 0。
步骤 204: 基站 B在向该用户终端发射下行信号时, 根据 RNC传递过 来的该用户终端的多普勒频偏估计值, 对发射的下行信号进行负频偏预补 偿, 即频偏预补偿的频率值为/ pre = -X。 由于用户终端切换到基站 B上的小 区后, 其所遭受的下行多普勒频偏也改变了符号, 因此基站 B预补偿后, 用户终端在小区 B 实际接收的下行频偏为 = F + / re + X = F , 下行频偏仍 基本为 0, 这样该用户在切换过程中保持了频偏的平滑过渡。
实施例三
在高速铁路、 高速公路沿线, 由于其道路的线性特点, 布网时往往釆 用多个远端射频单元(RRU, Remote Radio Unit )合并来覆盖线路。 具体布 网时, 基站中的大容量基带处理单元 (BBU, Baseband Unit ) 集中放置在 一个中心机房内, 釆用光纤连接将许多个 RRU连接到 BBU; 这些 RRU单 元拥有相同或不同类型天线、 连续地覆盖逐段铁路沿线, 使得单个小区的 覆盖范围增大, 并在基带侧构造成一个逻辑小区, 也即将多个物理位置不 同, 类型不同的 RRU通过基带处理的方式, 归入一个逻辑小区。
图 3为本发明实施例三的频偏预补偿的方法的流程图, 如图 3所示, 引入多个 RRU单元后, 本示例的频偏预补偿的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤 301 : 基站的 RRU单元接收用户终端的上行射频信号, 将其下变 频后发送给 BBU, BBU对下变频后的基带信号估计该用户终端的上行信号 的频偏值, 并且 BBU计算出发送给该用户终端的下行信号的频偏预补偿的 频率值, 控制 RRU对下行信号进行预补偿。 步骤 302: 当用户终端发生跨 RRU切换前,原 RRU单元向该用户终端 发射下行信号时, BBU根据该用户终端的上行频偏估计值控制 RRU对下行 发射信号进行频偏预补偿, 频偏预补偿的频率值为 fpre。 fpre的取值是上行 频偏估计值 的函数, 比如 fpre = x ; 使得用户终端实际接收的下行频偏接 近于 0。
步骤 303: 当用户终端发生跨 RRU切换后, BBU控制新 RRU单元向 该用户终端发射下行信号, 对发射的下行信号进行负频偏预补偿, 即频偏 预补偿的频率值 /pre = -X。这样, 用户终端在切换后从新 RRU单元实际接 收的下行信号频率为 fue = F + fpre + X = F, 频偏也接近为 0。
图 4为本发明频偏预补偿的装置的组成结构示意图, 如图 4所示, 本 发明频偏预补偿的装置包括频偏估计单元 40和第一频偏补偿单元 41,其中, 频偏估计单元 40用于根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计。 第一频偏补 偿单元 41用于根据频偏估计单元 40的频偏估计值对发送给所述用户终端 的下行信号进行频偏预补偿。
如图 4所示, 本发明频偏预补偿的装置还包括通知单元 42、 第二频偏 补偿单元 43和发送单元 44, 其中, 通知单元 42用于将切换前小区的基站 中所述用户终端的上行信号的频偏估计值通过 RNC通知目标基站; 第二频 偏补偿单元 43 ,位于所述目标基站中, 用于根据通知单元 42所通知的频偏 估计值为所述用户终端确定下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 按所确定的 频偏预补偿的频率值对下行信号进行预补偿; 发送单元 44用于将频偏预补 偿后的下行信号发送给所述用户终端。
频偏估计单元 40位于基站的 BBU中; 第一频偏补偿单元 41及第二频 偏补偿单元 43位于基站的 RRU中。
图 5为本发明频偏估计单元的组成结构示意图, 如图 5所示, 本发明 频偏估计单元 40包括接收单元 401、 检测单元 402和确定单元 403 , 其中, 接收单元 401用于接收所述用户终端的上行信号; 检测单元 402用于检测 所述用户终端的上行信号的频率; 确定单元 403 用于确定所检测的上行信 号频率与所述用户终端发射的上行信号发射频率之间的差值, 作为频偏估 计值。
本领域技术人员应当理解, 图 4所示的频偏预补偿的装置是为实现前 述的频偏预补偿的方法而设置的, 图 4所示的装置中各处理单元可参照前 述图 1至图 3中的相关描述而理解, 其功能可通过运行于处理器上的程序 而实现, 也可通过具体的逻辑电路而实现。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种频偏预补偿的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
基站根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计, 并根据频偏估计值对发 送给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基站根据用户终端 的上行信号进行频偏估计为:
所述基站检测接收到的所述用户终端的上行信号的频率, 估计所检测的 上行信号的频率与所述用户终端发射的上行信号频率之间的差值, 作为频 偏估计值。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基站估计所检测的 接收到的上行信号的频率与所述用户终端发射的上行信号频率之间的差值 为:
由所述基站中的远端射频单元 RRU接收所述用户终端的上行信号, 经 下变频处理后发送到所述基站中的基带处理单元 BBU,由所述 BBU对 RRU 发送的上行信号进行估计, 确定出该上行信号的频偏估计值。
4、 根据权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述频偏预 补偿的频率值 是频偏估计值 X的函数。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述频偏预补偿的频率 值是频偏估计值的函数, 包括: f pre = X , 或者 f pre = _X , 或者 f pre= 2X , 或者/ pre= _2X 。
6、 根据权利要求 3 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据频偏估计值对 发送给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿为:
所述 BBU根据估计出的上行信号的频偏值为所述用户终端确定下行信 号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 并控制所述 RRU按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率 值对发射的下行信号进行预补偿;
所述 RRU对下行信号进行预补偿后, 发送给所述用户终端。
7、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 对于用户终端在小区间 切换的场景下, 所述方法还包括:
切换前小区的基站将所述用户终端的上行信号的频偏估计值发送给无 线网络控制器 RNC; RNC将该频偏估计值转发给目标切换小区的基站, 所 述目标切换小区的基站根据所接收到的频偏估计值为所述用户终端确定下 行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率值对下行信 号进行预补偿后, 发送给所述用户终端。
8、 根据权利要求 3或 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 所述 BBU确定所述用户终端由切换前 RRU中切换到目标 RRU中时, 根据在所述切换前 RRU中所述用户终端的上行信号频偏估计值确定出所述 目标 RRU中发射给所述用户终端的下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 所述 目标 RRU按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率值对下行信号进行预补偿后, 发送 给所述用户终端。
9、 一种频偏预补偿的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括频偏估计单元 和第一频偏补偿单元; 其中,
频偏估计单元, 用于根据用户终端的上行信号进行频偏估计; 第一频偏补偿单元, 用于根据所述频偏估计单元的频偏估计值对发送 给所述用户终端的下行信号进行频偏补偿。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述频偏估计单元包 括接收单元、 检测单元和确定单元; 其中,
接收单元, 用于接收所述用户终端的上行信号;
检测单元, 用于检测所述用户终端的上行信号的频率;
确定单元, 用于确定所检测的上行信号频率与所述用户终端发射的上 行信号发射频率之间的差值, 作为频偏估计值。
11、 根据权利要求 9 所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括通知 单元、 第二频偏补偿单元和发送单元; 其中,
通知单元, 用于将切换前小区的基站中所述用户终端的上行信号的频 偏估计值通过 RNC通知目标基站;
第二频偏补偿单元, 位于所述目标基站中, 用于根据所述通知单元所 通知的频偏估计值为所述用户终端确定下行信号的频偏预补偿的频率值, 按所确定的频偏预补偿的频率值对下行信号进行预补偿;
发送单元, 用于将频偏预补偿后的下行信号发送给所述用户终端。
12、 根据权利要求 9至 11任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述频偏 估计单元位于基站的 BBU中; 所述第一频偏补偿单元及所述第二频偏补偿 单元位于基站的 RRU中。
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