WO2011021280A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2011021280A1 WO2011021280A1 PCT/JP2009/064471 JP2009064471W WO2011021280A1 WO 2011021280 A1 WO2011021280 A1 WO 2011021280A1 JP 2009064471 W JP2009064471 W JP 2009064471W WO 2011021280 A1 WO2011021280 A1 WO 2011021280A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element) applicable to a flat panel display and a light source for illumination.
- an object is to provide a transparent organic EL element and a top emission type organic EL element with high luminous efficiency and low power consumption.
- organic EL element can drive a high current density at a low voltage, it can realize high light emission luminance and light emission efficiency.
- organic EL elements have already been put into practical use for flat panel displays such as liquid crystal displays, and are also expected as light sources for illumination.
- the organic EL element has an anode, a cathode, and an organic EL layer sandwiched between the anode and the cathode.
- the holes injected into the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the material of the light emitting layer in the organic EL layer and the electrons injected into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are recombined. Is obtained by emitting light when the excitation energy of the excitons generated by is relaxed.
- the HOMO level of the light emitting layer material is generally measured as an ionization potential
- the LUMO level is generally measured as an electron affinity.
- the organic EL layer includes, in addition to the light emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
- a laminated structure using any or all of the above is adopted.
- EL light from the light emitting layer is extracted from either the anode or the cathode or from both sides.
- the electrode on the light extraction side is required to have high transmittance with respect to EL light from the light emitting layer.
- a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material for example, indium-tin oxide (ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO), indium-tungsten oxide (IWO), etc.
- ITO indium-tin oxide
- IZO indium-zinc oxide
- IWO indium-tungsten oxide
- the electrode formed from the TCO material is used as a hole injection electrode (that is, an anode) to the organic EL layer.
- an anode made of a TCO material is formed as a lower electrode on a transparent support substrate, and an organic EL layer having a hole injecting and transporting layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron injecting and transporting layer in this order is formed thereon.
- An organic EL element of a type (bottom emission (Btm-Em) type) in which a cathode made of a metal film such as Al is formed as an upper electrode and light is extracted from the supporting substrate side is generally used.
- an active matrix in which an organic EL element is formed thereon by providing a switching element composed of a thin film transistor (TFT) made of amorphous Si or poly Si for each pixel is provided.
- TFT thin film transistor
- AM driven organic EL displays are becoming mainstream. This is because a display with high luminance and low power consumption can be realized.
- the lower electrode is made reflective and the upper electrode is made transparent to extract light from the film formation surface side. It has become desirable to apply an organic EL element of (top emission (Top-Em) type).
- an organic EL device having an upper transparent electrode and a lower reflective electrode has a lower reflective electrode as an anode, a hole injection / transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron injection / transport layer.
- a structure in which the upper transparent electrode is a cathode is proposed (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Applied Physics Letters (1997), Vol. 70, No. 22, p. 2954 uses a lower reflective electrode as a cathode, and forms an electron injection / transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and a hole injection / transport layer in this order.
- Non-Patent Document 2 A structure in which an organic EL layer is used and an upper transparent electrode is used as an anode is proposed (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- a poly-Si TFT is used as a switching element
- the upper transparent electrode may be formed using a metal thin film such as an Mg—Ag alloy.
- a metal thin film such as an Mg—Ag alloy.
- an increase in the thickness of the metal thin film causes an increase in the visible light absorptance, absorbs EL light from the light emitting layer, and decreases the light emission intensity of the organic EL element.
- the metal thin film exhibits a strong microcavity effect due to high reflectivity. Due to the microcavity effect, the film thickness of the organic EL layer that determines the distance between the lower reflective electrode and the metal thin film greatly changes the viewing angle dependence of the emission color and the viewing angle dependence of the emission intensity.
- the light emitting layer material and the electron injecting and transporting material which are organic substances, are easily oxidized when a TCO material is formed thereon by sputtering or the like, the function of which deteriorates, and the light emission efficiency of the organic EL element is significantly impaired. I have a problem.
- a method of providing a damage alleviating electron injection layer between the electron transport layer and the upper electrode made of the TCO material has been used. Nature, 1996, Vol. 380, p.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a thin film layer of an Mg—Ag alloy conventionally used as a cathode material as a damage-releasing electron injection layer.
- Applied.Physics.Letters, (1998), Vol. 72, No. 17, p. 2138 and JP-T-2001-520450 disclose a copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) thin film, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) as a damage mitigating electron injection layer.
- CuPC copper phthalocyanine
- ZnPC zinc phthalocyanine
- a thin film has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 1).
- JP-T-2001-520450 describes that a semiconductor organic material capable of performing efficient electron injection combined with a TCO layer preferably has the following properties (see Patent Document 1). . 1) Chemical and structural stability sufficient to limit sputter damage during ITO layer formation. Large planar molecules such as phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine and perylene are preferred. Derivatives of the aforementioned compounds having a further extended conjugation of these molecules (for example, compounds in which a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, polyacene ring, etc. are further condensed) may be used. In certain circumstances, polymeric materials may be used.
- the damage relieving electron injection layer formed of CuPC or the like can reduce the problem of visible light absorption when a metal thin film is used.
- Applied Physics Letters, (1998), Vol.72, No.17, p.2138 is a damage-relaxing electron injection layer formed of CuPC or the like with respect to the electron injection property from the cathode made of TCO material to the electron transport layer. Describes that it is inferior to the Mg—Ag alloy thin film (see Non-Patent Document 3).
- the decrease in electron injection property causes an increase in driving voltage of the organic EL element. Therefore, in addition to good light transmission performance and good damage mitigation performance when forming the upper electrode by sputtering, damage mitigation electron injection having excellent electron injection properties from the cathode made of TCO material to the electron transport layer A layer is desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a damage relieving electron injection layer excellent in all of light transmittance, damage relieving property and electron injecting property, and using the same, low driving
- An object of the present invention is to provide a Top-Em type organic EL element and a transparent organic EL element which are highly efficient with voltage.
- the present invention forms an electron injection layer using an oligothiophene compound (particularly, a crystalline oligothiophene compound) that has been conventionally used as a hole transporting material, without sacrificing light transmittance. This is based on the finding that an organic EL element with a low driving voltage can be provided by forming an upper transparent cathode using a TCO material while preventing deterioration of the EL layer.
- the electron injection layer made of oligothiophene compound can efficiently extract electrons from the cathode made of TCO material, realizing low-drive voltage and high-efficiency Top-Em organic EL elements and transparent organic EL elements. It becomes possible to do.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an organic EL element 100 of the present invention.
- the illustrated organic EL element 100 includes a substrate 110, an anode 120, an organic EL layer 130, and a transparent cathode 140 in this order.
- the organic EL layer 130 includes a hole injection layer (HIL) 131, a hole, in that order from the anode 120 side. It has a transport layer (HTL) 132, a light emitting layer (EML) 133, an electron transport layer (ETL) 134, and a damage relaxation electron injection layer (EIL) 135.
- the transparent cathode 140 is formed using a TCO material
- the damage mitigating electron injection layer 135 is formed using a crystalline oligothiophene compound.
- the organic EL element 100 may be a Top-Em type organic EL element that extracts light only from the transparent cathode 140 side. it can.
- the organic EL element 100 can be a transparent organic EL element that extracts light from both the substrate 110 side and the transparent cathode 140 side.
- the light emitting layer 133, the electron transport layer 134, and the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 are essential constituent layers of the organic EL layer 130 of the present invention.
- the light emitting layer 133 is a layer that recombines injected carriers to generate excitons, and emits light by relaxing the energy of the obtained excitons.
- the electron transport layer 134 adjacent to the light emitting layer 133 has 1) a function of efficiently injecting electrons into the light emitting layer 133, and 2) a function of preventing leakage of holes from the light emitting layer 133 to the transparent cathode 140 side. And a layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the light emission efficiency.
- the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 has a function of extracting electrons from the transparent cathode 140 and moving them to the electron transport layer 134 and a function of preventing deterioration of the light emitting layer 133 and the electron transport layer 134 due to oxidation when the transparent cathode 140 is formed. It is a layer which has.
- the hole injection layer 131 and the hole transport layer 132 are layers that may be optionally provided in the organic EL layer 130 of the present invention. By providing these layers, the balance of electrons and holes injected into the light-emitting layer 133 is adjusted, and high-efficiency light emission can be easily obtained.
- Substrate 110 As a substrate 110 that can be used in the present invention, in addition to an alkali glass substrate and a non-alkali glass substrate that are generally used in flat panel displays, a silicon substrate, a plastic substrate such as polycarbonate, a plastic film, and a stainless steel foil are used. A substrate over which an insulating film is formed can be used. In the case of producing a Top-Em type organic EL element, the substrate 110 does not need to be transparent. On the other hand, when producing a transparent organic EL element, the substrate 110 needs to have light transmission properties, particularly visible light transmission properties.
- a substrate such as a plastic substrate
- gas particularly water vapor and / or oxygen
- the anode 120 used in the present invention may be light transmissive or light reflective.
- the light-transmitting anode 120 is generally known as ITO (indium-tin oxide), IZO (indium-zinc oxide), IWO (indium-tungsten oxide), AZO (Al-doped zinc oxide). ) And GZO (Ga-doped zinc oxide).
- the anode 120 can be formed using a highly conductive polymer material such as poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS).
- PEDOT poly (styrenesulfonate)
- the light-reflective anode 120 may be a single layer or a laminate of a light-reflective metal material, or the above-described transparent conductive film (including a TCO material and a highly conductive polymer material) and light. It may be a laminated structure with a reflective metal material. Alternatively, a light reflecting layer and an insulating layer (both not shown) made of a metal film are formed on the substrate 110, and an anode 120 made of a transparent conductive film is formed thereon to obtain a light reflecting structure. May be.
- the obtained organic EL element 100 is a Top-Em type organic EL element.
- the metal material that can be used for forming the light-reflective anode 120 or the light-reflective layer includes a highly reflective metal, a highly reflective amorphous alloy, and a highly reflective microcrystalline alloy.
- High reflectivity metals include Al, Ag, Ta, Zn, Mo, W, Ni, Cr, and the like.
- High reflectivity amorphous alloys include NiP, NiB, CrP, CrB, and the like.
- High reflectivity microcrystalline alloys include NiAl, silver alloys and the like.
- the anode is formed by any method known in the art such as vapor deposition or sputtering. 120 or its constituent layers can be formed.
- a highly conductive polymer material such as PEDOT: PSS
- the anode 120 or a constituent layer thereof can be formed by any method known in the art such as a spin coating method, an inkjet method, or printing.
- the hole injection layer 131 may be optionally provided.
- the hole injection layer 131 is effective for facilitating the injection of holes from the anode 120 and adjusting the balance between holes and electrons in the light emitting layer 133.
- the material that can be used for the hole injection layer 131 is a material having a triarylamine partial structure, a carbazole partial structure, or an oxadiazole partial structure, which is generally used in organic EL elements or organic TFT elements. Contains materials.
- the hole injection layer 131 is formed of, for example, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD).
- an electron-accepting dopant may be added (p-type doping) to the hole injection layer 131 formed of the above-described material.
- the electron-accepting dopant that can be used may be either an organic semiconductor or an inorganic semiconductor.
- Organic semiconductors that can be used include tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives including 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 -TCNQ).
- Inorganic semiconductors that can be used include molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), and the like.
- the hole injection layer 131 can be formed by a vapor deposition method such as a resistance heating vapor deposition method or an electron beam heat vapor deposition method using the above-described hole transport material and an electron accepting dopant (when present).
- a vapor deposition method such as a resistance heating vapor deposition method or an electron beam heat vapor deposition method using the above-described hole transport material and an electron accepting dopant (when present).
- the hole transport layer 132 may be optionally provided.
- the hole transport layer 132 facilitates the movement of holes from the anode 120 or the hole injection layer 131 to the light emitting layer 133 and prevents leakage of electrons from the light emitting layer 133. It is effective for adjusting the balance with electrons.
- the hole transport layer 132 can be formed using any material selected from hole transport materials used in the above-described organic EL element or organic TFT element.
- Wa ⁇ Ip (HIL) ⁇ Ip (HTL) ⁇ Ip (EML) Wa is the work function of the anode, Ip (HIL) is the ionization potential of the hole injection layer 131, Ip (HTL) is the ionization potential of the hole transport layer 132, and Ip (EML) is It is desirable to form the hole transport layer 132 using a material that satisfies the relationship (which is the ionization potential of the light-emitting layer 133).
- the hole transport layer 132 can be formed by a vapor deposition method such as the resistance heating vapor deposition method or the electron beam heat vapor deposition method using the above-described hole transport material.
- Light emitting layer 133 In the organic EL device of the present invention, holes injected from the anode 120 and electrons injected from the transparent cathode 140 in the light emitting layer 133 recombine to generate excitons, and the excitation energy of the generated excitons. Luminescence occurs due to relaxation.
- the material of the light emitting layer can be selected according to a desired color tone. For example, it is possible to use fluorescent whitening agents such as benzothiazole-based, benzimidazole-based, and benzoxazole-based materials, styrylbenzene-based compounds, and aromatic dimethylidene-based compounds as materials for obtaining blue to blue-green light emission. It is.
- the light-emitting layer 133 that emits blue to blue-green light can be formed using 9-bis (n-propyl) -fluoren-2-yl) anthracene (ANF) or the like.
- the light emitting layer 133 may be formed by doping the aforementioned material with a fluorescent dye (light emitting dopant).
- the fluorescent dye used as the luminescent dopant can be selected according to a desired color tone.
- conventionally known fused ring derivatives such as perylene and rubrene; quinacridone derivatives; phenoxazone 660; 4,4′-bis (2- (4- (N, N-diphenylamino) phenyl) vinyl ) Biphenyl (DPAVBi); 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran (DCM), 4- (dicyanomethylene) -6-methyl-2- [2- (Jurolidine-9-yl) ethyl] -4H-pyran (DCM2), 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine-9-enyl) -4H -Py
- the light emitting layer 133 can be formed by a vapor deposition method such as a resistance heating vapor deposition method or an electron beam heat vapor deposition method using the above light emitting layer material and a light emitting dopant (when present).
- a vapor deposition method such as a resistance heating vapor deposition method or an electron beam heat vapor deposition method using the above light emitting layer material and a light emitting dopant (when present).
- the electron transport layer 134 provided between the light emitting layer 133 and the damage mitigating electron injection layer 135 is important for drawing out the performance of the organic EL element 100.
- the electron affinity of the material constituting the electron transport layer 134 is the electron affinity of the material of the light-emitting layer 133 and the damage-relaxing electron injection. It is desirable to have a value intermediate to the electron affinity of the material of layer 135.
- the ionization potential Ip (ETL) of the electron transport layer 134 is desirably larger than the ionization potential Ip (EML) of the light emitting layer 133.
- a material for forming the electron transport layer 134 can be selected from generally known organic electron transport materials provided that the above conditions are satisfied.
- the electron transporting material that can be used is specifically a triazole derivative such as 3-phenyl-4- (1′-naphthyl) -5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ); 3-bis [(4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole] phenylene (OXD-7), 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1 Oxadiazole derivatives such as 1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 1,3,5-tris (4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl) benzene (TPOB); Thiophenes such as '-bis (dimesitylboryl) -2,2'-bithiophene (BMB-2T), 5,5 "-bis (dimesitylboryl) -2,2': 5'2" -terthiophene (BMB-3T)
- the crystalline oligothiophene compound used for the electron injection layer a material generally applied to an organic transistor, an organic electroluminescence transistor or the like can be used, but vacuum heating deposition, laser evaporation film formation (pulse laser) It is preferable that the thin film formed can be formed by a vapor phase growth method such as a deposition method or a laser ablation method. Moreover, it is preferable that it is excellent in the electron injection property to an adjacent electron carrying layer or a light emitting layer.
- “crystallinity” means that a given compound exhibits a significant X-ray diffraction peak.
- X 1 and X 2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent group.
- X 1 and X 2 are, for example, a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a C 1 to 20 carbon atom. It is selected from the group consisting of a haloalkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- N represents an integer, preferably n is 3-8.
- the crystalline oligothiophene compound represented by the formula (1) has a partial structure selected from the group consisting of a terthiophene structure, a quaterthiophene structure, a kinkthiophene structure, a sexithiophene structure, a septithiophene structure, and an octithiophene structure. It is preferable to have.
- the unsubstituted alkyl group that can be used for X 1 and X 2 is, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group N-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group N-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, neopentyl group, 2-hexyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 6-unde
- Hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups that can be used for X 1 and X 2 are hydroxymethyl group, 1-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl group, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group, 1 , 3-dihydroxyisopropyl group (1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl group), and 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl group.
- Amino-substituted alkyl groups that can be used for X 1 and X 2 are aminomethyl group, 1-aminoethyl group, 2-aminoethyl group, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl group, 1,2-diaminoethyl group, It includes a 1,3-diamino-2-propyl group and a 1,2,3-triaminopropyl group.
- the cyano-substituted alkyl group that can be used for X 1 and X 2 is a cyanomethyl group, 1-cyanoethyl group, 2-cyanoethyl group, 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl group, 1,2-dicyanoethyl group, 1,3 -Contains a dicyano-2-propyl group and a 1,2,3-tricyanopropyl group.
- Nitro-substituted alkyl groups that can be used for X 1 and X 2 include nitromethyl, 1-nitroethyl, 2-nitroethyl, 1,2-dinitroethyl, and 1,2,3-trinitropropyl groups .
- the substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group that can be used for X 1 and X 2 includes a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a 3,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that can be used for X 1 and X 2 is fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, chloromethyl group, 1-chloroethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group Group, 2-chloro-2-methylpropyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group, 1,3-dichloro-2-propyl group, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl group, bromomethyl group, 1-bromoethyl group, 2 -Bromoethyl group, 2-bromo-2-methylpropyl group, 1,2-dibromoethyl group, 1,3-dibromo-2-propyl group, 1,2,3-tribromopropyl group, iodomethyl group, 1-iodoethyl Group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-iodo
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that can be used for X 1 and X 2 has a structure represented by —OY.
- Y can be selected from the group consisting of the aforementioned substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Y is selected from the group consisting of the aforementioned unsubstituted alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group.
- alkenyl group that can be used for X 1 and X 2 include a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, butenyl group, pentenyl group, hexenyl group, heptenyl group, octenyl group, nonenyl group, decenyl group, Including undecenyl group, dodecenyl group, tridecenyl group, tetradecenyl group, pentadecenyl group, hexadecenyl group, heptadecenyl group, octadecenyl group, and structural isomers thereof.
- X 1 and X 2 are preferably selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. More preferably, X 1 and X 2 are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the damage mitigating electron injection layer 135 can be formed using a crystalline oligothiophene compound having a structure represented by the formula (2).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent group.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are shown in X 1 and X 2 above. This is the same as the related examples.
- an electron-donating impurity serving as an n-type dopant to the damage-relaxing electron injection layer 135 made of a crystalline oligothiophene compound.
- an n-type dopant By adding an n-type dopant, good electron injection properties can be obtained even when used for the transparent cathode 140 formed of a TCO material having a high work function. Further, the electrical conductivity of the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 is improved, and the film thickness of the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 can be increased without increasing the driving voltage of the element. As a result, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom in optical design by expanding the range of film thickness selection, or to prevent the short circuit failure between the transparent cathode 140 and the anode 120.
- the n-type dopant that can be used is selected from one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.
- alkali metals selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.
- One or more alkaline earth metal elements One or more alkaline earth metal elements.
- the above-mentioned alkali metal oxide, halide, carbonate or chelate compound, or the above-mentioned alkaline earth metal oxide, halide, carbonate or chelate compound can also have the same effect as an n-type dopant. It can be demonstrated.
- oxides that can be used as n-type dopants include, for example, alkali metal oxides such as Li 2 O, LiO, Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Cs 2 O, and CaO, BaO, SrO, Including alkaline earth metal oxides such as BeO.
- alkali metal oxides such as Li 2 O, LiO, Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Cs 2 O, and CaO, BaO, SrO, Including alkaline earth metal oxides such as BeO.
- the halide that can be used as the n-type dopant include alkali metal fluorides such as LiF, NaF, and KF, alkali metal chlorides such as LiCl, KCl, and NaCl, and CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , and MgF 2.
- alkaline earth metal fluorides such as BeF 2 .
- the carbonates that can be used as n-type dopants preferably include alkali metal carbonates
- the formation of the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 using a crystalline oligothiophene compound can be preferably performed using a vacuum deposition method or a pulsed laser deposition method (laser ablation) using a microwave laser.
- a vacuum deposition method or a pulsed laser deposition method (laser ablation) using a microwave laser.
- crystalline oligothiophene may be formed by a wet film forming method using a compound dispersion or solution. Examples of wet film forming methods that can be used include spin coating, ink jet printing, and various printing methods.
- the formation of the damage mitigating electron injection layer 135 using the crystalline oligothiophene compound and the n-type dopant is performed by co-evaporation of the crystalline oligothiophene compound and the n-type dopant using a vacuum heating deposition method, an electron beam deposition method, or the like. Can be implemented. Alternatively, when the adverse effect on the underlying organic layer can be eliminated, a wet film-forming method using a material solution in which a predetermined concentration of n-type dopant is added to a solution or dispersion of a crystalline oligothiophene compound is used. The damage alleviating electron injection layer 135 may be formed.
- the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 of the present invention is a plasma damage to the organic layers (electron transport layer 134, light emitting layer 133, etc.) underneath when the transparent cathode 140 is formed by sputtering a TCO material. It has a function of mitigating damage such as impact of film-forming particles and oxidation of the material.
- the film thickness of the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 is an important parameter that affects the performance of the organic EL element 100. By increasing the film thickness of the damage relieving electron injection layer 135, the damage relieving function for the underlying organic layer can be improved.
- the damage relieving electron injection layer 135 of the present invention preferably has a thickness of 5 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 50 nm.
- the damage-relaxing electron injection layer 135 made of the crystalline oligothiophene compound and the n-type dopant (if present) formed as described above has a dense polycrystalline structure, and thus only exhibits good electron conductivity. In addition, it is possible to effectively prevent damage to the organic layers such as the electron transport layer 134 and the light emitting layer 133 during the formation of the transparent cathode 140, the impact of the deposited particles, and the oxidative degradation.
- the transparent cathode 140 used in the present invention is required to have optical transparency. Therefore, the transparent cathode 140 is preferably formed using a TCO material.
- TCO materials that can be used are ITO (indium-tin oxide), IZO (indium-zinc oxide), IWO (indium-tungsten oxide), AZO (Al-doped zinc oxide), GZO (Ga-doped zinc oxide) Etc.).
- the transparent cathode 140 can be produced by forming a thin film of TCO material on the damage mitigating electron injection layer 135 by vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like.
- the transparent cathode 140 can be produced by using a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a reactive plasma film forming method, or the like established by a liquid crystal display manufacturing technology or a plasma display manufacturing technology.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a surface emitting light source that can be used for illumination by forming each of the anode 120 and the transparent cathode 140 as an integral electrode. Alternatively, as described later, a plurality of light emitting units that can be driven independently can be formed and used for display applications.
- each of the anode 120 and the transparent cathode 140 is composed of a plurality of stripe-shaped partial electrodes, and the extending direction of the partial electrode of the anode 120 and the extending direction of the partial electrode of the transparent cathode 140 are crossed so-called.
- a passive matrix drive type organic EL element can be obtained.
- the extending direction of the partial electrode of the anode 120 and the extending direction of the partial electrode of the transparent cathode 140 are orthogonal to each other.
- the passive matrix driving type organic EL element one of the partial electrodes of the anode 120 and one of the partial electrodes of the transparent cathode 140 are selected and an appropriate voltage is applied between them to cross the partial electrodes. The position emits light.
- a plurality of switching elements configured by TFTs and wirings for the switching elements are formed on the substrate 110, the anode 120 is configured by a plurality of partial electrodes, and each of the partial electrodes is switched to the switching element.
- the transparent cathode 140 is formed of an integrated common electrode, whereby a so-called active matrix driving type organic EL element can be obtained.
- the active matrix driving type organic EL element light is emitted at a position corresponding to a partial electrode of the anode 120 connected to a desired switching element.
- Example 1 Production of transparent organic EL device
- a DC magnetron sputtering method target: In 2 O 3 +10 wt% ZnO, discharge gas: Ar + 0.5% O 2 , discharge on a substrate 110 made of Corning Eagle 2000 glass having a length of 50 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- a discharge power of 1.45 W / cm 2 By forming an IZO film at a pressure of 0.3 Pa, a discharge power of 1.45 W / cm 2 , and a substrate transfer speed of 162 mm / min), and processing it into a 2 mm wide stripe shape by photolithography, a film thickness of 150 nm, An anode 120 (IZO electrode) having a width of 2 mm was formed.
- an organic EL layer 130 composed of five layers was formed on the anode 120 without breaking the vacuum.
- a 20-nm-thick 2-TNATA film was formed by a resistance heating vapor deposition method with a vapor deposition rate of 1 ⁇ / s to obtain a hole injection layer 131.
- An NPB film having a film thickness of 40 nm was formed thereon by a resistance heating vapor deposition method with a vapor deposition rate of 1 ⁇ / s, whereby a hole transport layer 132 was obtained.
- co-evaporation of ADN and DPAVBi as a light emitting dopant was performed to obtain a light emitting layer 133 having a thickness of 30 nm.
- the deposition rate of ADN was 1 ⁇ / s
- the deposition rate of DPAVBi was 0.03 ⁇ / s.
- an Alq 3 film having a thickness of 30 nm was formed by an evaporation method with an evaporation rate of 1 ⁇ / s, and an electron transport layer 134 was obtained.
- an ⁇ -sexual thiophene ( ⁇ -6T) film having a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the electron transport layer 134 by a vacuum deposition method with a deposition rate of 1 ⁇ / s, and a damage-relaxing electron injection layer 135 is formed. Obtained.
- the ultimate vacuum in the deposition chamber was set to 10 ⁇ 5 Pa or less, and the degree of vacuum during deposition was set to the order of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
- the laminated body on which the organic EL layer 130 was formed was moved into the DC magnetron sputtering apparatus without breaking the vacuum.
- DC magnetron sputtering method target: In 2 O 3 +10 wt% ZnO, discharge gas: Ar + 0.5% O 2 , discharge pressure: 0.3 Pa, discharge power: 1.45 W / through a metal mask having a slit with a width of 1 mm
- the IZO film was deposited at a cm 2 substrate transport speed of 162 mm / min to form a transparent cathode 140 (IZO electrode) having a film thickness of 140 nm and a width of 2 mm.
- a transparent cathode 140 having a width of 2 mm was obtained using a slit having a width of 1 mm.
- the laminate on which the transparent cathode 140 was formed was transferred to a nitrogen-substituted dry box so as not to be exposed to the atmosphere.
- a sealing glass plate coated with an epoxy adhesive mixed with glass bead spacers with a diameter of 10 ⁇ m in the vicinity of its four sides (length 41 mm ⁇ width 41 mm ⁇ thickness 0.7 mm, OA-made by Nippon Electric Glass) 10) was laminated so as to cover the organic EL layer 130 to obtain a transparent blue light-emitting organic EL element.
- Example 2 Production of transparent organic EL device
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer 134 made of Alq 3 was changed to 20 nm and the film thickness of the damage-relaxing electron injection layer 135 made of ⁇ -6T was changed to 30 nm.
- a transparent organic EL device was produced.
- Example 3 Production of top emission type organic EL device
- a substrate 100 made of Corning Eagle 2000 glass having a length of 50 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 0.7 mm was prepared.
- the substrate 100 was cleaned with an alkaline cleaning solution and sufficiently rinsed with pure water.
- a silver alloy film made of Furuya Metal, APC-TR
- a film thickness of 100 nm was formed on the cleaned substrate 100 by DC magnetron sputtering.
- a 1.3 ⁇ m-thick photoresist (Tokyo Oka Kogyo Co., Ltd., TFR-1250) film is formed on the silver alloy film by spin coating, and dried in a clean oven at 80 ° C.
- the photoresist film is irradiated with ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp through a photomask having a stripe pattern with a width of 2 mm and developed with a developer (NMD-3, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.). A width photoresist pattern was prepared.
- the silver alloy film is etched using an etching solution for silver (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., SEA2), and then the photoresist pattern is stripped using a stripping solution (stripping solution 104 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- a metal layer composed of stripe-shaped portions was produced.
- an IZO film having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the metal layer by using the same DC magnetron sputtering method as in Example 1 except that the substrate conveyance speed was 178 mm / min.
- patterning is performed by a photolithography method in the same manner as the silver alloy film except that oxalic acid is used as an etching solution to form a transparent conductive layer having a stripe-shaped portion that matches the pattern of the metal layer.
- a reflective anode 120 having a laminated structure of transparent conductive layers was obtained.
- the substrate on which the reflective anode 120 was formed was treated for 10 minutes at room temperature in a UV / O 3 cleaning apparatus equipped with a low-pressure mercury lamp.
- the organic EL layer 130 and the transparent cathode 140 are formed and sealed by the same procedure as in Example 2, and a Top-Em type blue light-emitting organic EL including the damage mitigating electron injection layer 135 made of ⁇ -6T is formed. An element was obtained.
- Example 4 Top-Em was obtained by the same procedure as in Example 3 except that the damage-relaxing electron injection layer 135 was formed using ⁇ , ⁇ -didecylseccithiophene (Dec-6T-Dec) instead of ⁇ -6T. A blue light-emitting organic EL device was obtained.
- Example 5 Top-Em was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the damage-relaxing electron injection layer 135 was formed using ⁇ , ⁇ -didekyl attelthiophene (Dec-4T-Dec) instead of ⁇ -6T. A blue light-emitting organic EL device was obtained.
- Example 6 According to the same procedure as in Example 3, except that 1,3,5-tris (2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl) benzene (TPBI) was used instead of Alq 3 to form an electron transport layer. A blue light-emitting organic EL device was obtained.
- TPBI 2,3,5-tris (2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl) benzene
- the thickness of the electron transport layer made of Alq 3 was set to 50 nm, and instead of ⁇ -6T, an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1 nm was formed using LiF conventionally used in Btm-Em type organic EL elements.
- a Top-Em blue light-emitting organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except for the above.
- the electron injection layer made of LiF was formed by subjecting powdered LiF contained in a Mo crucible to resistance heating to deposit at a deposition rate of 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ / s.
- Comparative Example 2 TPBI the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 except that an electron transporting layer was formed by using in place of Alq 3, to prepare a Top-Em-type blue light emitting organic EL element.
- the transparent organic EL element (Examples 1 and 2) and the Top-Em type organic EL element Good emission characteristics were obtained in all of Examples 3 to 6.
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Abstract
Description
1)ITO層形成時のスパッタによるダメージを限定的にするのに十分な化学的および構造的安定性。フタロシアニン、ナフタロシアニンおよびペリレンのような大きな平面状分子が好ましい。それら分子がさらに延びた共役を有する前述の化合物の誘導体(たとえば、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、ポリアセン環などがさらに縮環している化合物)を用いてもよい。特定の状況においてはポリマー材料を用いてもよい。
2)電子輸送層として機能するのに十分な電子移動度を有すること。より大きなキャリアー移動度が好ましいものの、一般的に少なくとも10-6cm2/V秒のキャリアー移動度を有する材料が電子輸送層として機能するのに十分であると考えられている。この場合にも、フタロシアニンおよび特定のペリレンのような大きな平面状分子が代表的な例である。
本発明に用いることのできる基板110として、一般的にフラットパネルディスプレイで用いられているアルカリガラス基板およびノンアルカリガラス基板に加えて、シリコン基板、ポリカーボネートなどのプラスチック基板、プラスチックフィルム、ステンレス箔上に絶縁膜を形成した基板などを用いることができる。Top-Em型有機EL素子を作製する場合は、基板110は透明である必要はない。一方、透明有機EL素子を作製する場合は、基板110は光透過性、特に可視光透過性を有する必要がある。
本発明に用いられる陽極120は、光透過性でも光反射性でもよい。光透過性の陽極120は、一般的に知られている、ITO(インジウム-スズ酸化物)、IZO(インジウム-亜鉛酸化物)、IWO(インジウム-タングステン酸化物)、AZO(Alドープ亜鉛酸化物)、GZO(Gaドープ亜鉛酸化物)等のTCO材料を用いて形成することができる。あるいはまた、ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン):ポリ(スチレンスルホネート)(PEDOT:PSS)などの高導電性高分子材料を用いて陽極120を形成することもできる。光透過性の基板110の上に光透過性の陽極120を形成した場合、得られる有機EL素子100は透明有機EL素子となる。
[正孔注入層131]
本発明の有機EL素子において、正孔注入層131は任意選択的に設けてもよい層である。正孔注入層131は、陽極120からの正孔の注入を容易にし、発光層133における正孔と電子とのバランスを調整するために有効である。正孔注入層131に用いることのできる材料は、トリアリールアミン部分構造、カルバゾール部分構造、またはオキサジアゾール部分構造を有する材料など、一般に有機EL素子または有機TFT素子で用いられている正孔輸送材料を含む。
本発明の有機EL素子において、正孔輸送層132は任意選択的に設けてもよい層である。正孔輸送層132は、陽極120または正孔注入層131から発光層133への正孔の移動を容易にし、かつ発光層133からの電子の漏洩を防止して、発光層133における正孔と電子とのバランスを調整するために有効である。正孔輸送層132は、前述の有機EL素子または有機TFT素子において用いられる正孔輸送材料の中から選択される任意の材料を用いて形成することができる。一般的に、発光層133への正孔注入性を向上させるという観点から、
Wa≦Ip(HIL)<Ip(HTL)<Ip(EML)
(式中、Waは陽極の仕事関数であり、Ip(HIL)は正孔注入層131のイオン化ポテンシャルであり、Ip(HTL)は正孔輸送層132のイオン化ポテンシャルであり、Ip(EML)は発光層133のイオン化ポテンシャルである)の関係を満たす材料を用いて、正孔輸送層132を形成することが望ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子においては、発光層133中で陽極120から注入された正孔と透明陰極140から注入された電子とが再結合して励起子を生成し、生成した励起子の励起エネルギーの緩和によって発光が起こる。発光層の材料は、所望する色調に応じて選択することが可能である。たとえば、青色から青緑色の発光を得るための材料として、ベンゾチアゾール系、ベンゾイミダゾール系、ベンゾオキサゾール系などの蛍光増白剤、スチリルベンゼン系化合物、芳香族ジメチリデイン系化合物などを使用することが可能である。具体的には、9,10-ジ(2-ナフチル)アントラセン(ADN)、4,4’-ビス(2、2’-ジフェニルビニル)ビフェニル(DPVBi)、2-メチル-9,10-ジ(2-ナフチル)アントラセン(MADN)、9,10-ビス-(9,9-ビス(n-プロピル)フルオレン-2-イル)アントラセン(ADF)、9-(2-ナフチル)-10-(9,9-ビス(n-プロピル)-フルオレン-2-イル)アントラセン(ANF)などを用いて、青色から青緑色の光を発する発光層133を形成することができる。
本発明において、発光層133とダメージ緩和性電子注入層135との間に設ける電子輸送層134は、有機EL素子100の性能を引き出す上で重要である。ダメージ緩和性電子注入層135から発光層133への優れた電子輸送性の観点から、電子輸送層134を構成する材料の電子親和力は、発光層133の材料の電子親和力と、ダメージ緩和性電子注入層135の材料の電子親和力との中間の値を有することが望ましい。さらに、発光層133に注入された正孔の漏洩を防止する観点から、電子輸送層134のイオン化ポテンシャルIp(ETL)は、発光層133のイオン化ポテンシャルIp(EML)よりも大きいことが望ましい。上記の条件を満たすことを条件として、一般的に知られている有機電子輸送性材料の中から、電子輸送層134を形成するための材料を選択することができる。
本発明において、電子注入層に用いられる結晶性オリゴチオフェン化合物は、一般に有機トランジスタ、有機電界発光トランジスタ等に応用されている材料を用いることができるが、真空加熱蒸着、レーザー蒸発成膜(パルスレーザ堆積法、レーザアブレーション法とも言われる)等の気相成長法で形成でき、形成された薄膜が多結晶質などの結晶性を持つことが好ましい。また、隣接する電子輸送層、または発光層への電子注入性に優れたものであることが好ましい。なお、本発明における「結晶性」とは、所与の化合物が有意のX線回折ピークを示すことを意味する。
本発明に用いられる透明陰極140は、光透過性が要求される。したがって、透明陰極140は、好適にはTCO材料を用いて形成される。用いることができるTCO材料は、ITO(インジウム-スズ酸化物)、IZO(インジウム-亜鉛酸化物)、IWO(インジウム-タングステン酸化物)、AZO(Alドープ亜鉛酸化物)、GZO(Gaドープ亜鉛酸化物)などを含む。
本発明の有機EL素子は、陽極120および透明陰極140のそれぞれを一体型の電極として形成することによって、照明用として用いることができる面発光光源として使用することができる。あるいはまた、後述するように、独立して駆動可能な複数の発光部を形成して、ディスプレイ用途に用いることもできる。
縦50mm×横50mm×厚さ0.7mmのコーニング製イーグル2000ガラスからなる基板110上に、DCマグネトロンスパッタ法(ターゲット:In2O3+10wt%ZnO、放電ガス:Ar+0.5%O2、放電圧力:0.3Pa、放電電力:1.45W/cm2、基板搬送速度162mm/min)にてIZO膜を形成し、フォトリソグラフィ法により2mm幅のストライプ形状に加工することにより、膜厚150nm、幅2mmの陽極120(IZO電極)を形成した。
Alq3からなる電子輸送層134の膜厚を20nmに変更し、α-6Tからなるダメージ緩和性電子注入層135の膜厚を30nmに変更したことを除いて実施例1と同様の手順によって、透明有機EL素子を作製した。
長さ50mm×幅50mm×厚さ0.7mmのコーニング製イーグル2000ガラスからなる基板100を準備した。最初に、基板100を、アルカリ洗浄液にて洗浄し、純水にて十分にリンスした。続いて、洗浄済の基板100上に、DCマグネトロンスパッタ法にて膜厚100nmの銀合金(フルヤ金属製、APC-TR)膜を形成した。次いで、スピンコート法を用いて、銀合金膜上に、膜厚1.3μmのフォトレジスト(東京応化工業製、TFR-1250)膜を形成し、80℃のクリーンオーブンにて15分間にわたって乾燥させた。フォトレジスト膜に対して、2mm幅のストライプパターンのフォトマスクを通して高圧水銀ランプによる紫外光を照射し、現像液(東京応化工業製 NMD-3)にて現像することにより、銀合金膜上に2mm幅のフォトレジストパターンを作製した。次いで、銀用エッチング液(関東化学製、SEA2)を用いて銀合金膜のエッチングを行い、続いて剥離液(東京応化製 剥離液104)を用いてフォトレジストパターンを剥離し、線幅2mmのストライプ形状部分からなる金属層を作製した。
α-6Tに代えてα、ω-ジデシルセクシチオフェン(Dec-6T-Dec)を用いてダメージ緩和性電子注入層135を形成したことを除いて実施例3と同様の手順によって、Top-Em型青色発光有機EL素子を得た。
α-6Tに代えてα、ω-ジデシルクアテルチオフェン(Dec-4T-Dec)を用いてダメージ緩和性電子注入層135を形成したことを除いて実施例3と同様の手順によって、Top-Em型青色発光有機EL素子を得た。
Alq3に代えて1,3,5-トリス(2-N-フェニルベンズイミダゾリル)ベンゼン(TPBI)を用いて電子輸送層を形成したことを除いて実施例3と同様の手順によって、Top-Em型青色発光有機EL素子を得た。
Alq3からなる電子輸送層の膜厚を50nmにし、α-6Tに代えて、Btm-Em型有機EL素子で従来から用いられているLiFを用いて膜厚1nmの電子注入層を形成したことを除いて実施例3と同様にしてTop-Em型青色発光有機EL素子を作製した。ここで、LiFからなる電子注入層は、Mo製るつぼに収容した粉末状LiFを抵抗加熱することにより、蒸着レート0.2Å/sで蒸着することによって形成した。
Alq3に代えてTPBIを用いて電子輸送層を形成したことをのぞいて比較例1と同様の手順により、Top-Em型青色発光有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1~6および比較例1~2で得られた有機EL素子を電流密度が10mA/cm2にて発光させた際の電圧および電流効率を測定した。測定結果を第1表にまとめる。なお、実施例1および2の透明有機EL素子の電流効率は、透明陽極120/基板110を通して観測される発光について測定された結果である。一方、実施例3~6および比較例1~2のTop-Em型青色有機EL素子の電流効率は、透明陰極140/封止用ガラス板を通して観測される発光について測定された結果である。
110 基板
120 陽極
130 有機EL層
131 正孔注入層
132 正孔輸送層
133 発光層
134 電子輸送層
135 電子注入層
140 陰極
Claims (13)
- 基板と、陽極と、少なくとも発光層、電子輸送層およびダメージ緩和性電子注入層を含む有機EL層と、透明陰極とをこの順に含み、前記透明陰極が透明導電性酸化物材料から形成され、前記ダメージ緩和性電子注入層が透明陰極と接触しており、前記ダメージ緩和性電子注入層が結晶性オリゴチオフェン化合物を含むことを特徴とする有機EL素子。
- nが4から6の整数であり、かつ、X1およびX2が、水素原子、炭素数1から20の無置換のアルキル基、および炭素数3から20のシクロアルキル基からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機EL素子。
- R1およびR4がn-ヘキシル基であり、R2およびR3がメチル基であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機EL素子。
- 前記電子注入層が、前記結晶性オリゴチオフェン化合物に対して電子供与性を示す物質をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の有機EL素子。
- 前記電子供与性を示す物質が、Li、K、Na、RbおよびCsからなる群から選択されるアルカリ金属、ならびにBe、Mg、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機EL素子。
- 前記電子供与性を示す物質が、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属ハロゲン化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属キレート化合物、アルカリ土類金属酸化物、アルカリ土類金属ハロゲン化物、アルカリ土類金属炭酸塩、およびアルカリ土類金属キレート化合物からなる群から選択され、前記アルカリ金属がLi、K、Na、RbおよびCsからなる群から選択され、前記アルカリ土類金属がBe、Mg、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機EL素子。
- 基板上に陽極を形成する工程と、
前記陽極上に、少なくとも発光層、電子輸送層およびダメージ緩和性電子注入層を含む有機EL層を形成する工程と、
前記有機EL層上に、透明導電性酸化物材料からなる透明陰極を形成する工程と
を含み、前記ダメージ緩和性電子注入層を、真空蒸着法により結晶性オリゴチオフェン化合物を堆積させることにより形成することを特徴とする有機EL素子の製造方法。 - nが4から6の整数であり、かつ、X1およびX2が、水素原子、炭素数1から20のアルキル基、および炭素数3から20のシクロアルキル基からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機EL素子の製造方法。
- R1およびR4がn-ヘキシル基であり、R2およびR3がメチル基であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の有機EL素子の製造方法。
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| CN2009801309024A CN102113148A (zh) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | 有机电致发光元件及其制造方法 |
| PCT/JP2009/064471 WO2011021280A1 (ja) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 |
| US12/737,747 US8808877B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | Organic electroluminescent element and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2011502164A JPWO2011021280A1 (ja) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 |
| KR1020117003138A KR20120068746A (ko) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | 유기el소자 및 그 제조방법 |
| TW099122980A TW201123970A (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2010-07-13 | Organic electroluminescent devices and process for production of same |
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| WO2014020789A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子および有機電界発光素子の製造方法 |
| US20140080241A1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-03-20 | Panasonic Corporation | Manufacturing method of organic el element |
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| JP5779804B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2015-09-16 | 日東電工株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 |
| KR102503845B1 (ko) | 2016-04-20 | 2023-02-27 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기발광소자 및 이를 포함하는 유기발광 표시패널 |
| KR102610710B1 (ko) | 2016-06-10 | 2023-12-08 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 및 그의 제조방법 |
| KR102894263B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-08 | 2025-12-02 | 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 | 금속 박막이 코팅된 투명 전극을 포함하는 전계발광소자 및 그 제조방법 |
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| US20110297917A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
| JPWO2011021280A1 (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
| US8808877B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
| TW201123970A (en) | 2011-07-01 |
| KR20120068746A (ko) | 2012-06-27 |
| CN102113148A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
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