Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/13—Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
  • A61K36/15—Pinaceae (Pine family), e.g. pine or cedar
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
  • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/612—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid
  • A61K31/616—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid by carboxylic acids, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/23—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (Carrot family), e.g. dill, chervil, coriander or cumin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/52—Juglandaceae (Walnut family)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/577—Malvaceae (Mallow family)
  • A61K36/5777—Theobroma, e.g. cocao or cocoa
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/73—Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/73—Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
  • A61K36/734—Crataegus (hawthorn)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/73—Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
  • A61K36/736—Prunus, e.g. plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/81—Solanaceae (Potato family), e.g. tobacco, nightshade, tomato, belladonna, capsicum or jimsonweed
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/82—Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/87—Vitaceae or Ampelidaceae (Vine or Grape family), e.g. wine grapes, muscadine or peppervine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/02—Non-specific cardiovascular stimulants, e.g. drugs for syncope, antihypotensives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

• PROANTOCYCIDINS SUCH AS PYCNOGENOL OR GRAPE SEEDS AND CENTELLA ASIATICA FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS SUCH AS ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• the invention relates to preparations for medical purposes and more specifically to a
• composition consisting of the combination of proanthocyanidins such as Pycnogenol or grape seeds and Centella asiatica and / or extracts thereof, for use in the prevention or treatment of 10 atherosclerosis.
• Heart diseases affecting the heart are commonly classified under the term heart diseases. More
• cardiovascular diseases refer to the class of heart diseases that involve the heart
• Atherosclerosis is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels which carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart and other parts of the body. It concerns the process in which deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and other substances.
• Atherosclerosis is a slow, complex disease that typically starts in childhood and often progress when people become older. Over time, plaques can grow large enough to
• a blood vessel that feeds the heart When a blood vessel that feeds the heart is blocked, it causes a heart attack. If it blocks a blood vessel that feeds the brain, it causes a stroke. And if blood supply
• Certain conditions or habits may increase the events of developing atherosclerosis. These conditions (high blood cholesterol, especially LDL, smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity%) are known as risk factors.
• Atherosclerosis is a syndrome which affects people from childhood and progress with age.
• medicine tries to find appropriate treatments to prevent and/or minimize the risks of atherosclerosis.
• Some attempts have been done with the compositions containing proanthocyanidins (such as Pycnogenol®).
• WO 2007/084648 discloses compositions containing mixed 4 to 6 procyanidin dimers and certain derivatives thereof, for inducing vasodilation, treating or preventing diseases or disorders of the vascular system (e.g. hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke), and/or treating or preventing NO- responsive conditions or diseases.
• the disclosed compositions may be used as a pharmaceutical, a food, a food additive, or a dietary supplement.
• the composition may optionally contain an additional therapeutic or beneficial- to-health agent, or may be administered in combination with another therapeutic or beneficial- to-health agent.
• Botanicals for chronic venous insufficiency ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES, Vol. 13, N° 6, Dec. 2007, pp 304-311; also discloses botanicals that are useful as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
• Botanicals used include Ruscus aculeatus, horse chestnut seed, Centella asiatica, Vitis vinifera and oligomeric proanthocyanidins such as Pycnogenol®.
• Veno-active drugs in the management of chronic venous disease An international consensus statement: Current medical position, prospective views and final resolution" CLINICAL HEMORHEOLOGY AND MICROCIRCULATION, Vol. 33, N° 4, 2005, pp 309-319; discloses veno-active drugs (VAD) having effects on edema and symptoms related to chronic venous disease (CVD) especially venous pain. This review has classified various VAD and the level of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) of each drug has been determined. Pycnogenol® and Centelly asiatica are been classified under Grade C as showing less well demonstrated effects on chronic venous disease.
• VAD veno-active drugs
• WO 2007/133981 discloses biochemical compositions effective in the prevention and treatment resulting from the inhibition of an atherogenic process, comprising ascorbic acid, lysine, magnesium, cysteine, pyridoxine HCL, riboflavin, folic acid, cyanocobalamin vitamin B 12, S-Adenosyi-L-Methionine, choline bitartrafe, copper glycinate, epigalocatechin gallate, quercetin, asiatic acid, and Pycnogenol®. More precisely the disclosed compositions act on the growth of smooth muscle cell and the invasion of extracellular matrix by smooth muscle cell. The compositions may be administered orally, intravenously, or parenterally.
• EP 1 523 894 discloses a preparation containing extracts from the plant centella asiatica or the active component (component a).
• component a the active component
• Components a and b or c are in the mass ratio 90 : 10 to 10 : 90.
• the preparation is encapsulated.
• JP 2002 238497 A (Fankeru KK), XP002578473, discloses food compositions for beautifying purposes, especially the skin, that are prepared by including collagen and Centella asiatica, and/or oceanic deep layer water and optionally amino sugars, ceramides and polyphenols.
• the agents enhance metabolism of the skin to accelerate the synthesis of collagen and preventing it from deteriorating to keep freshness.
• KR 100 846 292 Bl (Intaglio INC), XP002578465, discloses a dispersion type non-aqueous cleansing balm composition for face washing , causes no skin irritation and provides refresh feeling after use.
• Said dispersion containing at least one polyvalent alcohol (40-75 weight%) chosen from polyalcohol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin and butylene glycol as solvent, and cleaning agent (5-30 weight%) chosen from sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauryltaurate, sodium laurylglutamate, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated jojoba oil and hydrogenated olive oil.
• the dsipersion further contains scrubbing agent (0,5-15 weight%) chosen from scrub reagent including powdered jojoba wax, apricot stone, grape seed and walnut skin, kaolin and porous zeolite, dispersing agent (01-5 weight%) chosen from poloxamer and hydroxypropylcellulose, and skin irritation-reducing material (001-5 weight%) chosen from carotenoid, astaxanthin, beta -carotene, lycopene, phylloxanthin,
• scrub reagent including powdered jojoba wax, apricot stone, grape seed and walnut skin, kaolin and porous zeolite, dispersing agent (01-5 weight%) chosen from poloxamer and hydroxypropylcellulose, and skin irritation-reducing material (001-5 weight%) chosen from carotenoid, astaxanthin, beta -carotene, lycopene, phylloxanthin,
• WO 03/080062 discloses compounds for use in sclerotherapy treatment, venous insufficiency, circulation and microcirculation disorders consisting of Folic Acid (vitamin B9), Piridoxine (vitamin B6), Lipoic acid and six different plant extracts: Ginkgo Biloba, Garlic Andrographis, Horse Chestnut, Centella Asiatica, and Grape seeds.
• Sclerotherapy is a procedure used to treat blood vessels or blood vessel malformations (in particular veins) and also those of the lymphatic system.
• a medicine is injected into the vessels (i.e. veins), which makes them shrink.
• a sclerosing solution is injected exclusively into pathological superficial veins. It is used for children and young adults with vascular or lymphatic malformations. In adults, sclerotherapy is often used to treat varicose veins and hemorrhoids.
• Another procedure concerns a regenerative, non-obliterative sclerosing solution which is used in the sclerotherapy of ectatic vessels in the lower limbs. This solution comes into contact with the entire network of superficial and perforating veins.
• a preparation consisting of the combination of proanthocyanidins (preferably procyanidins) and Centella asiatica and / or extracts thereof, in a suitable excipient, for use in the prevention or treatment of
• the present invention provides for a dietary or food supplement, a food preparation, a beverage, a medicament and a topical preparation comprising the preparation of the present invention.
• the preparation of the present invention is provided for the treatment or the prevention of atherosclerosis which concerns especially arteries.
• the present invention provides for a method of treating or preventing atherosclerosis, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the preparation or the medicament of the present invention.
• pine bark extract refers to a French maritime pine bark extract which is, for example, commercially available as Pycnogenol® (Horphag).
• Pycnogenol® Pycnogenol®
• Pinus pinaster P. pinaster
• Pinus maritima P. maritime
• Pinus pinaster P. pinaster
• Pinus maritima P. maritime
• extract includes any preparation obtained from plants, fruits or vegetables using an extraction method.
• food preparation refers generally to material of either plant or animal origin, or of synthetic sources, that contain essential nutrients such as a carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral, etc. used in the body of an organism to sustain growth, repair, and vital processes and to furnish energy
• a “dietary or food supplement” refers to a product that contains substances like vitamins, minerals, foods, botanicals, amino acids and is intended to supplement the usual intake of these substances. Dietary supplements are found in pill, tablet, capsule, powder or liquid form and are meant to be taken by mouth.
• the term “nutraceutical” refers to any substance that is a food or a part of a food and provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. Such products may range from isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and specific diets to genetically engineered designer foods, herbal products, and processed foods such as cereals, soups and beverages. It also refers to a product isolated or purified from foods, and generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food and demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against diseases like chronic diseases for example.
• the term “beverage” means a liquid for drinking, which may be water, flavored water, soft drinks, alcoholic drink, health drink, or an enriched drink like based on a diary product (milk) or fruit juice.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers” are any materials that do not interfere with the pharmacological activity of the active ingredient(s) or degrade the body functions of the subject to which it can be administered but facilitate fabrication of dosage forms or administration of the composition.
• pharmaceutically acceptable excipient include but are not limited to maltodextrin, calcium phosphate, and fused silica.
• compositions also include flavorants, as well as various additives such as other vitamins and minerals, all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, sweeteners and the like, non-toxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like, such as for example, sodium acetate, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, and inert ingredients such as talc and magnesium stearate which are standard excipients in the manufacture of tablets, capsules and other dosage forms.
• flavorants as well as various additives such as other vitamins and minerals, all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, sweeteners and the like, non-toxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like, such as for example, sodium acetate, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, and inert ingredients such as talc and magnesium stea
• the terms "subject” or “patient” are well-recognized in the art, and, are used interchangeably herein to refer to a mammal, including dog, cat, rat, mouse, monkey, cow, horse, goat, sheep, pig, camel, and, most preferably, a human.
• the subject is a subject in need of treatment or a subject with a disease or disorder.
• the subject can be a normal subject.
• the term does not denote a particular age or sex. Thus, adult and newborn subjects, whether male or female, are intended to be covered.
• an effective amount refers to an amount necessary to obtain a physiological effect.
• the physiological effect may be achieved by one application dose or by repeated applications.
• the dosage administered may, of course, vary depending upon known factors, such as the physiological characteristics of the particular composition; the age, health and weight of the subject; the nature and extent of the symptoms; the kind of concurrent treatment; the frequency of treatment; and the effect desired and can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art.
• the term “TECA” refers to total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica.
• Atherosclerosis is a process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining.
• Atherosclerosis also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or ASVD
• ASVD arteriosclerotic vascular disease
• It is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels, a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part due to the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and promoted by low-density lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides) without adequate removal of fats and cholesterol from the macrophages by functional high density lipoproteins (HDL).
• HDL high density lipoproteins
• It is commonly referred to as a hardening or furring of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries (see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis).
• Proanthocyanidins designates a group of flavonoids that includes the subgroups procyanidins, prodelphinidins and propelargonidins.
• Proanthocyanidins are homogeneous or heterogeneous polymers consisting of the monomer units catechin or epicatechin, which are connected either by 4-8 or 4-6 linkages, to the effect that a great number of isomer proanthocyanidins exist.
• the proanthocyanidins oligomers have a chain length of 2-12 monomer units.
• Proanthocyanidins may be synthesized or extracted from a plant material.
• plant material sources of proanthocyanidins include grape seeds, grape skin, pine barks, ginkgo leaves, peanuts, cocoa beans, tamarind, tomato, peanut, almond, apple, cranberry, blueberry, tea leaves.
• a well-known product containing proanthocyanidins which is available in trade as a preparation of a food supplement under the name Pycnogenol®, is an extract of the French maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster), see also US patents 3,436,407 (MASQUELIER JACQUES); US 5,720,956 (ROHDEWALD, PETER ) and US 6,372,266 (SUZUKI
• Pycnogenol® is a standardized bark extract of the French maritime pine Pinus pinaster, Aiton, subspecies Atlantica des Villar. The quality of this extract is specified in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 28) (Maritime Pine Extract. In: United States Pharmacopeia. Rockville: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.; 2005. pp 21 15- 2116).
• the extract consists of a concentrate of polyphenols, which are also contained in fruits and vegetables, but, in low concentrations.
• the polyphenols are composed from flavonoids, especially procyanidins, and phenolic acids. All these constituents possess the ability to inactivate free radicals.
• Rohdewald P A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), a herbal medication with a diverse pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(4): 158-168. Between 65-75% of Pycnogenol® are procyanidins comprising of catechin and epicatechin subunits with varying chain lengths (Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), an herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 40: 158-168). Other constituents are polyphenolic monomers, phenolic or cinnamic acids and their glycosides (Id.).
• Pycnogenol® extract is standardized to contain between 65% and 75% procyanidins (70+/- 5% procyanidins) in compliance with USP 28, compounds known for relatively significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, among other actions (Rohdewald P. "Pycnogenol®, French Maritime Pine Bark extract", Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements, 2005, pp 545-553).
• Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant used in a number of cosmetics application and health remedies. It is a member of the Mackinlayaceae family (Apiaceae) or
• Centella asiatica extract consists of the leaves and roots of the hydrocotyle centella asiatica.
• the main active ingredients contained in centella asiatica are triterpeiioids asiatie acid, madecassic acid, asia&ieoside (triterpenoid ester glycosides), madecassoside, and
• Ccntclia asiatica arc also commercially available.
• Ccntclia asiatica extracts can be prepared from the plani Ccntclia asiatica by extraction techniques such as are well known in the art, including extractions in hydrophobic and hydrophiiic solvents.
• the present invention provides for a preparation consisting of the combination of
• proanthocyanidins preferably procyanidins
• Centella asiatica and / or extracts thereof in a suitable excipient, for use in the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.
• the preparation of the present invention contains from 20 % to 80 % w/w of proanthocyanidins (preferably procyanidins) and from 20 % to 80 % w/w respectively of Centella asiatica and / or extracts thereof and a suitable excipient q.s.p. (quantity sufficient per 100% of the total volume).
• the preparation of the invention comprises about 30 % to 70 % w/w of
• proanthocyanidins preferably procyanidins
• the preparation of the invention comprises the combination of Pycnogenol® and TECA (with or without Aspirin) (tablets, 100 mg for each component).
• Pycnogenol® extract is standardized to contain between 65% and 75% of proanthocyanidins, preferably procyanidins (70+/- 5% procyanidins).
• proanthocyanidins preferably procyanidins (70+/- 5% procyanidins).
• tablets used in the example contain 100 mg of TECA and between 65 mg and 75mg of proanthocyanidins, preferably 65 mg and 75mg of procyanidins.
• the preparation of the invention comprises proanthocyanidins preferably consisting of procyanidins originated from a plant extract or from a synthesized material (i.e., synthetic proanthocyanidins).
• the plant extract can be selected from the group consisting of proanthocyanidins containing extracts selected among extracts of pine bark, the cones of cypresses grape seed, apples, peanut skin, walnuts, pomegranates, tomatoes, almonds, tea, hawthorn, cocoa or combination thereof.
• Proanthocyanidins containing rich extracts are natural and preferably plant extracts having more than 50% by weight (of dried extracts) of proanthocyanidins, more preferably more than 70% by weight and even more preferably more than 75% by weight of proanthocyanidins (preferably procyanidins).
• the plant extract according to the present invention is originated from pine bark and more preferably the plant extract is Pycnogenol ®.
• the preparation comprising proanthocyanidins may be a pine bark extract.
• the pine bark may be from P. pinaster, such as, for example, from Pycnogenol®.
• the composition may contain proanthocyanidins at a concentration of 10% to 100% of total weight.
• a Pycnogenol® composition may be diluted or concentrated to contain 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90% or 95% proanthocyanidins (preferably procyanidins). Concentration may be performed using known methods such as column chromatography or affinity chromatography.
• Centella asiatica extracts present in the preparation of the invention, are the total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica (TECA).
• excipients of this invention include, but are not limited to, anti- adherents, binders (e.g., macrocrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin), coatings, disintegrants, fillers, diluents, softeners, emulsifiers, flavoring agents, coloring agents, adjuvants, lubricants, functional agents (e.g., nutrients), viscosity modifiers, bulking agents, glidiants (e.g., colloidal silicon dioxide) surface active agents, osmotic agents, diluents, or any other non-active ingredient, or combinations thereof.
• binders e.g., macrocrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin
• disintegrants e.g., fillers, diluents, softeners, emulsifiers, flavoring agents, coloring agents, adjuvants, lubricants, functional agents (e.g., nutrients), viscosity modifiers, bulking agents
• the preparation of the present invention may include excipient materials selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, coloring agents, whiteners, preservatives, and flavors, triacetin, magnesium stearate, sterotes, natural or artificial flavors, essential oils, plant extracts, fruit essences, gelatins, or combinations thereof.
• the preparation of the present invention may include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, or combinations thereof.
• Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds.
• Non- limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol, and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose, and combinations thereof.
• the suitable excipient can be also a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the preparation of the present invention can further comprise a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
• a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
• the present invention further provides for a food preparation, a dietary or food supplement, a nutraceutical, a beverage, a medicament and a topical preparation comprising the preparation of the present invention.
• the medicament and the topical preparation may further comprise acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) as well as a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the dietary supplement, the nutraceutical or the medicament of the present invention is administered at a dosage of between 5 mg per day to 2'00O mg per day.
• the dietary supplement, the nutraceutical or the medicament of the present invention contains from 20 % to 80 % w/w of proanthocyanidins (preferably procyanidins) and from 20 % to 80 % w/w respectively of Centella asiatica and / or extracts thereof and a suitable excipient q.s.p.
• proanthocyanidins preferably procyanidins
• Pycnogenol® extract is standardized to contain between 65% and 75% of proanthocyanidins, preferably procyanidins. Therefore, tablets used in the example do contain 100 mg of TECA and between 65 mg and 75mg of
• proanthocyanidins preferably 65 mg and 75mg of procyanidins, more preferably 70 mg of proanthocyanidins or procyanidins
• the present invention further provides the preparation of the invention for use in the treatment or the prevention of atherosclerosis which concerns especially arteries.
• atherosclerosis which concerns especially arteries.
• Preferably said treatment or prevention concerns atherosclerotic plaques.
• the present invention also provides for a method of treating or preventing atherosclerosis disorders comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the preparation or of the medicament of the present invention.
• Said atherosclerosis disorders are preferably atherosclerotic plaques and said subject is a mammal, preferably a human.
• the preparation, the dietary supplement, the nutraceutical or the medicament of the present invention can be administered orally, parenterally or topically at a dosage of between 5 mg per day to 2'00O mg per day. Preferably between 50 mg to 1 OOO mg per day and more preferably between 100 mg to 400 mg per day.
• the concentrations of the active ingredients in the preparation are described above.
• the medicament of the present invention can be in the form, for example, of a tablet, a caplet, a pill, a hard or soft capsule, a lozenge, a cachet, a dispensable powder, granules, a suspension, an elixir, a dispersion, a liquid, or any other form reasonably adapted for such administration.
• parenteral administration it can be in the form, for example, of a solution for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
• the topical preparations according to the present invention can be, but not limited to, a cream, a patch, a gel, an ointment, a lotion, a tincture, a spray, a mousse, a cleansing composition or a foam.
• the topical preparations of the present invention can be also in the form of a suspension or dispersion in solvents or fatty substances, or alternatively in the form of an emulsion or micro emulsion, PET-emulsions, multiple emulsions, bickering emulsions, hydrogels, alcoholic gels, lipogels, one or multiphase solutions or a vesicular dispersion and other usual compositions, which can also be applied by pens, as masks or as sprays.
• the emulsions can also contain anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant(s).
• the preparation according to the invention comprises
• proanthocyanidins preferably procyanidins
• Centella asiatica preferably Centella asiatica and / or extracts thereof as the sole active ingredients administered to a subject.
• TECA total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica
• the reduction in risk of cardiovascular events should have been obtained - by the study hypothesis - by modulating collagen production in plaques mainly by producing a visible increase (ultrasound) in echogenicity in echolucent (soft, black on ultrasound, prone to embolisation and thrombosis causing events) femoral and carotid plaques.
• the sonographic examination of carotid plaques was made with high-resolution ultrasound. Capturing plaques images, digital image processing, and normalization were standardized. The interobserver, intrascanner, gain-level variability were also standardized using as reference blood (black) for the most echo lucent parts of the plaque and the adventitia (white) as the most echogenic part. The technique for plaque characterization and GSM (Grey Scale Median) measurements had been previously described in details.
• GSM ⁇ 18 causing >65% stenosis (on duplex) were treated with Pycnogenol® and TECA (with or without Aspirin) or with comparable placebo after informed consent.
• the preparation of the present invention - of completely natural origin - stops the progression of atherosclerosis from subclinical to clinical stages in several patients.
• the synergy action of Pycnogenol® and TECA seems to be separated by any other pharmacological action (i.e. cholesterol lowering, anti-hypertensive, antiplatelets).

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