WO2011018333A1 - Procédé et dispositif de dénitruration catalytique sélective ou d'utilisation de gaz de combustion contenant des poussières - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de dénitruration catalytique sélective ou d'utilisation de gaz de combustion contenant des poussières Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011018333A1
WO2011018333A1 PCT/EP2010/060905 EP2010060905W WO2011018333A1 WO 2011018333 A1 WO2011018333 A1 WO 2011018333A1 EP 2010060905 W EP2010060905 W EP 2010060905W WO 2011018333 A1 WO2011018333 A1 WO 2011018333A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dust
exhaust gas
catalyst
potential
treatment device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/060905
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Frie
Detlev Kupper
Melanie Tribowski
Timo Stender
Mark Colberg
Markus Deimel
Alfred Buhl
Original Assignee
Polysius Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polysius Ag filed Critical Polysius Ag
Publication of WO2011018333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011018333A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the selective catalytic denitrification or use of a dusty exhaust gases in one
  • the treatment device is a catalyst for selective catalytic denitrification, for example, of flue gases of the cement and mineral industries act or to a waste heat boiler or heat exchanger for
  • the invention is therefore based on the object in the selective catalytic denitrification or the use of dusty exhaust gases in a waste heat boiler or heat exchanger to provide effective protection against dust deposits, which can also be used when very large industrial amounts of exhaust gas, for example from power plants or cement plants to be treated. According to the invention we achieve this object by the features of claims 1, 2, 5 and
  • the treatment device catalyst, waste heat boiler or
  • Heat Exchanger are protected from dust deposits, wherein the treatment device has surface areas that come into contact with the dust-containing exhaust gas.
  • the dust contained in the exhaust gas is electrostatically charged before flowing through the treatment device and coming into contact with the dusty exhaust gas surface areas on a potential which is rectified to the potential of the charged dust.
  • At least one means for electrostatic dust charging and a subsequently arranged, perfused by the dusty exhaust gas treatment device catalyst, waste heat boiler or heat exchanger
  • the treatment device with the dust-containing exhaust gas in contact have upcoming surface areas, which are at a potential that is rectified to the potential of the charged dust.
  • a part of the electrostatically charged dust is attracted and discharged from a collecting electrode in the device for electrostatic charge dust, while the remaining dust is supplied together with the exhaust gas of the treatment device.
  • the device for electrostatic dust conditioning has, for example, at least one spray electrode and at least one precipitation electrode. But it can also be designed as an ionizer.
  • the treatment device through which the dust-laden exhaust gases flow can be formed, for example, by a catalyst which has, in particular, electrically conductive supports on which the catalyst mass is applied. These electrically conductive carriers can then be connected to a voltage source for application of the potential. If the exhaust gas in the treatment facility catalytically entstickt, the exhaust gas is a reducing agent, in particular an ammonia-containing reducing agent, before or after the electrostatic charge of the dust contained in the exhaust gas admit. According to another embodiment of the invention, however, there is also the
  • the surface areas of the treatment device coming into contact with the dusty exhaust gas have a permanently electrostatic property, which is also referred to as electret property.
  • This is an electrically insulating material that contains quasi-permanently stored electrical charges or permanently aligned dipoles and thus generates a quasi-permanent electric field in its environment or in its interior. This property makes it possible to produce an electrostatic-repellent surface without having to apply a permanent voltage. It is possible to apply such an electret as a coating on the surface areas. For a catalyst, the coating would have to be designed so that it does not close the access to the macropores and thus to the important, large inner surface of the catalyst.
  • a variant consists of applying the electret only in regions on the catalyst. This can be done for example by a network structure that on the catalyst.
  • Catalyst is tensioned. Conversely, it is possible to apply the catalyst to a carrier monolith having appropriate electret properties. According to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the
  • Treatment apparatus is formed by a catalyst, this has catalyst plates and precipitation plates which are arranged alternately to each other, wherein the surface areas, which are at a potential which is rectified to the potential of the charged dust, formed by the catalyst plates and the precipitation plates have opposite potential.
  • the flow cross-section is alternately equipped with catalyst and precipitation plates.
  • the catalytically active material is applied to an electrically conductive support, preferably on a wire mesh, as used in conventional plate catalysts.
  • the catalyst material is applied to the electrically conductive wire mesh, that at the ends of an electrical potential can be connected.
  • the connected potential is in the same direction as the charge of the dust.
  • the opposite pole is formed by the precipitation plates, which are not coated with catalyst material and consist of a metallic material which has a low surface roughness and a low adhesion to the dust. Practical experience shows that plates are particularly suitable for this purpose which have an average roughness R z of less than 2 ⁇ m.
  • Suitable materials are austenitic stainless steels with Cr contents> 13% (w), preferably X5CrM18-10 / material no. 1.4301.
  • the Staubaufiadung in the upstream device for electrostatic dust charging experience the dust particles between the plates a strong attraction to non-catalytic precipitation plate and thus effectively kept away from the catalyst plates.
  • the cleaning of the precipitation plates is therefore also carried out by an electrostatic action.
  • the usually positively poled precipitation plates are applied for a few milliseconds with a negative voltage.
  • the negative Poled catalyst plates are applied accordingly with a positive potential.
  • This reversal causes a repulsion of the dust deposits.
  • the cleaning can be supported at the same time with a dust blower, which briefly increases the volume flow and thus the gas velocity and supports the removal of the dissolved material via the gas flow, without resulting in an accumulation of dust on the catalyst plates.
  • the polarity reversal takes place for very short time intervals, with a duration of less than 1 second.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic detail view of the treatment device according to a first exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic detail view of the treatment device according to a second embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic detail view of the treatment device according to a fourth embodiment.
  • the use of dust-containing exhaust gases consists essentially of a device 2 for electrostatic dust charging and a subsequently arranged, perfused by a dusty exhaust gas treatment device 1 1.
  • the device 2 for electrostatic dust charging has, for example, a spray electrode 2a and a collecting electrode 2b.
  • Embodiment it comes to an exclusive charge of the exhaust gas in the first contained dust, or to a partial deposition of a fraction 3 fraction of the dust.
  • the device for electrostatic dust charging can be formed in particular by an insufficiently dimensioned Elektrof ⁇ lter, wherein the spray and
  • Precipitation electrode are connected to a high voltage source.
  • the counter electrode can also be designed so that it only builds up the high field strengths and does not perform any function in the sense of dust separation. In this case, the dust is charged only electrostatically and not deposited.
  • the subsequent treatment device 5 is formed by a catalyst, the injection of an ammonia-containing reducing agent 4 is provided.
  • the reducing agent 4 necessary for the SCR reaction is added after the device 2 for the electrostatic charging of dust.
  • an upstream dosage is possible.
  • the denitrification of the exhaust gas 1 with ammonia or an ammonia-containing substance takes place according to the following reaction equation. 4NO + 4NH 3 + O 2 -> 4N 2 + 6H 2 O
  • the injection of ammonia increases the conductivity in the device 2 for electrostatic dust charging. At high temperatures (> 300 0 C) but is already a very low dust resistance. Too low dust resistances can promote a back spray of the counter electrode. Therefore, ammonia is preferably injected only after the electric filter / ionizer in order to reduce the risk of re-spraying discharged particles.
  • a part of the exhaust gas heat can be transferred to a fluid before the exhaust gas is passed to further process stages 7.
  • the treatment device 5 can be formed by a catalyst, a heat exchanger or a waste heat boiler.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic detail view of the catalyst formed
  • the dust-laden and dust-laden ionized gas 1 flows through the channels of the catalyst.
  • the surface areas 8 of the catalyst plates or honeycombs have a surface charge which corresponds to that of the charged dust 9. This results in a repelling effect between dust 9 and the surface areas 8, wherein the surface charge of the catalyst erf ⁇ ndungshiel can be realized by an electret coating.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further detailed view of a treatment device 5 embodied as a catalytic converter in an alternative embodiment.
  • the cleaning of the precipitation plates can also be carried out by an electrostatic action. This takes place in the form of impulse cleaning.
  • the usually positively poled precipitation plates are applied for a few milliseconds with a negative voltage.
  • the negatively polarized catalyst plates are applied accordingly with a positive potential. This reversal causes a repulsion of the dust deposits.
  • the cleaning can be supported at the same time with a dust blower, which briefly increases the volume flow and thus the gas velocity and supports the removal of the dissolved material via the gas flow, without causing an accumulation of dust on the catalyst plates.
  • the polarity reversal takes place for very short time intervals, with a duration of less than 1 second.
  • the dust load contained in the exhaust gas is not transported to the active surface regions of the catalyst, but prevented by electrostatic forces thereof, so that sufficiently large catalyst surfaces are available in order to realize a significant DeNOx effect can.
  • the electrostatic charge of the surface regions of a catalyst can, for example, by
  • SCR catalysts are sometimes equipped with mechanical protective or sacrificial layers to reduce the wear on the front edges of the catalyst by dust erosion and force effects of sootblowers. These layers can be protected by a corresponding polarization on the surface from dust deposits.
  • the illustrated embodiments of the invention are essentially related to an SCR catalyst, the invention can also be applied to other applications in which a treatment device is to be protected from dusting. This is especially in waste heat boilers and
  • Fig. 4 an embodiment is shown, in which the treatment device 5 is formed by a heat exchanger having transfer tubes 10, 11 to heat incoming cold air 12 and remove as heated air 12 '.
  • the dust-containing exhaust gas 1 initially has uncharged dust particles Ia, which are charged in a device 2 upstream of the treatment device 5 for electrostatic charging (for example an ionizer 2a), so that, for example, negatively charged dust particles Ib form.
  • the surface areas of the transfer tubes 10, 11 are kept at the same, here negative potential in order to avoid the accumulation of the charged dust particles Ib.
  • the charging of the transfer tubes 10, 11 can be done by applying a corresponding potential or for example by permanent charges 13. After the heat exchanger designed as a treatment device 5, the dust-containing exhaust gas flows as cooled exhaust gas 1 'from.
  • a dust deposit on the transfer tubes can also be solved by the charging of the dust and the same direction electrostatic charge of the heat exchanger surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de dénitruration catalytique sélective ou d'utilisation de gaz de combustion contenant des poussières, selon lequel un dispositif de traitement (catalyseur, chaudière à récupération ou échangeur thermique) parcouru par un gaz de combustion contenant des poussières est protégé contre les dépôts de poussières, le dispositif de traitement présentant des zones de surface entrant en contact avec les gaz de combustion contenant des poussières. Les poussières contenues dans le gaz de combustion sont chargées électrostatiquement avant de parcourir le dispositif de traitement et les zones de surface entrant en contact avec les gaz de combustion contenant des poussières sont maintenues à un potentiel aligné sur le potentiel des poussières chargées.
PCT/EP2010/060905 2009-08-13 2010-07-27 Procédé et dispositif de dénitruration catalytique sélective ou d'utilisation de gaz de combustion contenant des poussières WO2011018333A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009037050A DE102009037050A1 (de) 2009-08-13 2009-08-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Staubablagerungen in einer von einem staubhaltigen Abgas durchströmten Behandlungseinrichtung
DE102009037050.1 2009-08-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011018333A1 true WO2011018333A1 (fr) 2011-02-17

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PCT/EP2010/060905 WO2011018333A1 (fr) 2009-08-13 2010-07-27 Procédé et dispositif de dénitruration catalytique sélective ou d'utilisation de gaz de combustion contenant des poussières

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102009037050A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011018333A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3370646A (en) * 1966-01-21 1968-02-27 United Aircraft Corp Anti-fouling system
JPS6026297A (ja) * 1983-07-23 1985-02-09 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 熱交換器
DE3435953A1 (de) 1984-09-29 1986-04-10 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vorrichtung zur abgasreinigung
US5300270A (en) * 1992-08-20 1994-04-05 Wahlco Environmental Systems, Inc. Hot-side electrostatic precipitator
EP0627263A1 (fr) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-07 YOSHIKAWA, Hideo Appareil de purification de l'air contaminé
CA2145111A1 (fr) 1994-03-23 1995-09-24 Daniel S. Kalka Depoussiereur electrostatique a redresseur commande au silicium integre
WO2001080977A1 (fr) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede et dispositif d'epuration des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne
US20050051028A1 (en) 2003-09-05 2005-03-10 Sharper Image Corporation Electrostatic precipitators with insulated driver electrodes

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3142482C2 (de) * 1981-10-27 1984-05-17 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Elektrostatisches Verfahren zum Schutz von Katalysatoren im Abgasstrom von Ottomotoren vor Vergiftung durch abgelagerte Schadstoffpartikel
US7025806B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2006-04-11 Stri{dot over (o)}nAir, Inc. Electrically enhanced air filtration with improved efficacy

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3370646A (en) * 1966-01-21 1968-02-27 United Aircraft Corp Anti-fouling system
JPS6026297A (ja) * 1983-07-23 1985-02-09 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 熱交換器
DE3435953A1 (de) 1984-09-29 1986-04-10 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vorrichtung zur abgasreinigung
US5300270A (en) * 1992-08-20 1994-04-05 Wahlco Environmental Systems, Inc. Hot-side electrostatic precipitator
EP0627263A1 (fr) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-07 YOSHIKAWA, Hideo Appareil de purification de l'air contaminé
CA2145111A1 (fr) 1994-03-23 1995-09-24 Daniel S. Kalka Depoussiereur electrostatique a redresseur commande au silicium integre
WO2001080977A1 (fr) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede et dispositif d'epuration des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne
US20050051028A1 (en) 2003-09-05 2005-03-10 Sharper Image Corporation Electrostatic precipitators with insulated driver electrodes

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Publication number Publication date
DE102009037050A1 (de) 2011-02-17

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