WO2011017372A1 - Inducteur à étages multiples pour pompes centrifuges - Google Patents

Inducteur à étages multiples pour pompes centrifuges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011017372A1
WO2011017372A1 PCT/US2010/044310 US2010044310W WO2011017372A1 WO 2011017372 A1 WO2011017372 A1 WO 2011017372A1 US 2010044310 W US2010044310 W US 2010044310W WO 2011017372 A1 WO2011017372 A1 WO 2011017372A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotating
helical blades
blades
pump
rotating helical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/044310
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher D. Finley
Original Assignee
Ebara International Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebara International Corporation filed Critical Ebara International Corporation
Publication of WO2011017372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011017372A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/185—Rotors consisting of a plurality of wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2277—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for increasing NPSH or dealing with liquids near boiling-point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/445—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/448—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps bladed diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts

Definitions

  • An inducer comprising at least two sets of rotating and non-rotating helical inducer vanes.
  • the fluid moves up through a first set of rotating vanes, and gains rotational momentum.
  • the fluid then enters a second set of non-rotating vanes that use the rotational momentum of the fluid to progress the fluid forward while removing the rotation, which consequently decreases the net positive suction head required.
  • the inducer is positioned at the inlet of a cryogenic centrifugal pump.
  • Embodiments of the cryogenic centrifugal pump use a vertical rotational axis and include a thrust equalizing mechanism device to balance hydraulic thrust.
  • a common problem with spiral inducers used within centrifugal pumps and similar devices is that the fluid in the tank in which the centrifugal pump is installed will begin to rotate in the same direction as, and along with, the inducer blades. When this occurs, the fluid does not move up through the inducer as efficiently. This phenomenon can also result in a change in pressure near the inlet of the inducer and increase the amount of net positive suction head (NPSH) required to make the pump continue to work efficiently or properly.
  • NPSH net positive suction head
  • cavitation causes noise, vibration, and erosion of material from the device. Thus, the service life of a pump can be shortened due to cavitation.
  • NPSHA net positive suction head available
  • NPSHR net positive suction head required
  • Inducers are used in such systems to prevent the fluid being moved from cavitating in the impeller or pump, which can occur when there is not enough pressure to keep the liquid from vaporizing.
  • Non-cavitating inducers are used to pressurize the flow of the fluid sufficient to enable the devices to which the inducer is attached to operate efficiently.
  • An excellent discussion of the fluid dynamic properties of inducers is provided by B. Lakshminarayana, Fluid Dynamics of Inducers - A Review, Transactions of the ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, December 1982, Vol. 104, Pages 411-427.
  • An embodiment is directed to an inducer assembly for use on a pump inlet of a cryogenic centrifugal pump operating within a vessel containing a cryogenic fluid, comprising a housing including an inlet, an outlet and an exterior housing having an interior wall; a shaft with a vertical rotational axis, having an outer surface, and having a thrust load balanced by a thrust equalizing mechanism device; at least two rotating helical blades affixed to the shaft that spiral in a first direction about the vertical rotational axis of the shaft, the at least two rotating helical blades occupying at least a first annular space formed between the interior wall and the outer surface, the at least two rotating helical blades rotating within the interior wall; and at least two non-rotating helical blades in axial alignment with the shaft that spiral in a second direction that is in counter rotation to the first direction, the at least two non-rotating helical blades occupying at least a second annular space formed between the interior wall and the outer surface, the at least
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment is directed to a cryogenic centrifugal pump with a vertical rotational axis operating within a vessel containing a cryogenic fluid, comprising a motor shaft mounted on one or more first bearings in a motor housing, the motor shaft supporting a motor and rotating around the vertical rotational axis; a pump shaft mounted on one or more second bearings in a pump housing, the pump shaft rotating around the vertical rotational axis, the motor shaft driving the pump shaft; a thrust equalizing mechanism device balancing a thrust load of the pump shaft; an impeller transferring a rotational energy from the pump shaft to the cryogenic fluid flowing through the cryogenic centrifugal pump; and an inducer assembly positioned at a pump inlet lowering a net positive suction head required of the cryogenic centrifugal pump and allowing more of the cryogenic fluid to be removed from the vessel without allowing cavitation to occur within the pump, the inducer assembly including an inducer housing including an inlet, an outlet and an exterior inducer housing having an interior wall, at least two
  • Figure 1 is a partially broken, cross-sectional, perspective view of a multi-stage inducer in accordance with an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a partially broken, cross-sectional view of the multi-stage inducer from the perspective of the bottom of the inducer in accordance with an embodiment; and [0018] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cryogenic centrifugal pump with a vertical rotational axis and including a multi-stage inducer in accordance with an embodiment.
  • An embodiment is directed to inducers, and more particularly to an inducer that incorporates sets of rotating helical inducer vanes and sets of non-rotating helical inducer vanes.
  • a first set of rotating vanes move the fluid up along the vanes.
  • the sets of helical vanes are set in alternating stages, with a rotating inducer vane stage followed by a non-rotating inducer vane stage, and so on.
  • the number of stages used before the fluid leaves the inducer and enters the impeller, or some other structure can be varied depending upon the fluid and the process conditions, such as the structure size, but should include at least two sets.
  • Embodiments of the multi-state inducer can be positioned at the inlet of a cryogenic centrifugal pump.
  • Alternative embodiments can be positioned at the inlet of a cryogenic centrifugal pump with a vertical rotational axis and a thrust equalizing mechanism device.
  • the fluid gains rotational momentum as a result of passing through the rotating vanes.
  • Such rotational momentum can be detrimental to the net positive suction head (NPSH) if the fluid fails to actually move up through the inducer due to its rotation momentum.
  • a set of non- rotating vanes is used to counter the rotational momentum gained by the fluid.
  • the non-rotating vanes use the rotational momentum of the fluid to progress the fluid forward while removing the rotational momentum of the fluid, thereby increasing the NPSH.
  • Embodiments of the present invention keep the NPSHR of the pump lower and provide a smooth and constant increase in fluid pressure, which makes the pump more efficient because it is capable of removing more fluid from the tank.
  • Figure 1 is an embodiment of an inducer assembly 10 including rotating blades or vanes 12 and non-rotating blades or vanes 14 within the space formed within the inducer assembly 10.
  • the rotating blades 12 are mounted on a shaft 16 and rotate within the interior space formed by the outer inducer housing 18.
  • the non-rotating blades 14 are in axial alignment with the shaft 16 and can slide up a shaft sleeve (not shown) of the shaft 16 and then be fixed to a circular interior wall 20 of the outer inducer housing 18 to keep the non-rotating blades from rotating as the shaft 16 rotates.
  • the non-rotating 14 blades are in axial alignment with the shaft, but are machined or formed into the circular interior wall 20, rather than sliding onto the shaft 16 or onto the shaft sleeve.
  • the substantially bell-shaped inlet 22 to the inducer 10 is raised off of the bottom surface of a tank or other structure (not shown) by the feet 24 so fluid (not shown) in the tank or structure can enter and be funneled toward the inducer 10 and be moved up into another device mounted above the inducer 10, such as an impeller.
  • the rotating blades 12 of Figure 1 are helical structures that spiral in a first direction, in this case around the vertical rotational axis of the shaft 14, and occupy a first annular space within a first portion of the inducer housing between the outer surface of the shaft 16 and the interior wall 20 of the outer inducer housing 18.
  • the non-rotating blades 14 are helical structures that spiral in a second direction that is counter rotation to the first direction of the rotating blades 12, and occupy a second annular space along a second portion of the inducer housing.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a first stage consisting of rotating blades 12 that spiral in the first direction.
  • the second stage consists of non-rotating blades 14 spiraling in the second direction.
  • the third stage consists of rotating blades 12 spiraling in the first direction, occupying a third annular space along a third portion of the inducer housing, followed by the last stage of non-rotating blades 14 spiraling in the second direction, etc.
  • a first embodiment may consist of two stages: a rotating blade 12 stage near the inlet, and a non-rotating blade 14 stage on top of the rotating blade 12 stage, near the impeller or other structure.
  • a second embodiment may consist of three stages: a rotating blade 12 stage near the inlet, a non-rotating blade 14 stage on top of the rotating blade 12 stage, and a second rotating blade 12 stage on top of the non- rotating blade 14 stage. Any other number of two or more rotating and non-rotating stages may also be used.
  • the rotating and non-rotating stages alternate, enabling the non-rotating blade 14 stages to remove the rotational momentum of the fluid.
  • a multi-stage inducer 10 may have either a rotating blade 12 stage or a non-rotating blade 14 stage as the last stage before the fluid leaves the inducer 10.
  • the first stage may consist of rotating blades 12 with a first width, followed by non-rotating blades 14 with a second width.
  • the blade width of rotating blades 12 can also vary across stages. For example, if there are a total of four stages, consisting of two rotating blade 12 stages and two non- rotating blade 14 stages, then the first rotating blade 12 stage may have blades with a different width than the second rotating blade 12 stage. Similarly, the first non-rotating blade 14 stage may have blades with a different width than the second non-rotating blade 14 stage.
  • An alternative embodiment has a rotating blade 12 that has a different pitch from the pitch of the non-rotating blade 14.
  • the blade pitch across rotating blade 12 stages can also be varied depending upon the fluid and the process conditions. For example, the blade pitch of a first rotating blade 12 stage can be different than blade pitch of a second rotating blade 12 stage. Similarly, the blade pitch across non-rotating blade 14 stages can be varied.
  • Alternative embodiments may also design the rotating blades 12 differently than the non-rotating blades 14, such as using a different number of blades or having different blade lengths.
  • the number of stages used can range from using at least two sets of rotating blade stages followed by non-rotating blade stages, to as many sets and stages as are necessary to produce an NPSHR of the pump that is less than the NPSHA of the tank or structure, which may vary based on the type of fluid being held by the tank, the liquid depth of the tank housing the pump, among other factors.
  • the non-rotating blades 14 move fluid that is not being propagated up through the inducer 10 by the rotating blades 12 because the fluid is rotating with the blades 12.
  • NPSH head
  • a pump attached to the inducer 10 can pump the fluid to a lower level within the tank or structure and thus increase the capability and efficiency of the pump.
  • the lowest fluid level a tank or structure can be pumped to is related to the point at which NPSHA is equal to or greater than the NPSHR.
  • NPSHA and NPSHR are close to equal, it is likely that vapor bubbles will form, which can lead to cavitation as pressure is increased within the inducer.
  • the stages of the alternating rotating blades 12 and non-rotating blades 14 can extend all of the way into the outlet 26 of the inducer 10.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a different view of an inducer assembly 40, looking from the bottom of the inducer assembly 40 towards an impeller 28.
  • the inducer assembly 40 is similar to the inducer assembly 10 from Figure 1, except that inducer assembly 40 illustrates an embodiment with three stages of alternating rotating blades 12 and non-rotating blades 14 instead of four stages.
  • the three stages are a rotating blades 12 stage, followed by a non-rotating blades 14 stage, and ending with a second rotating blades 12 stage. As the fluid leaves the last set of rotating blades 12 and leaves the inducer 40, the fluid enters the impeller 28.
  • Embodiments of at least two rotating blades 12 and at least two non-rotating blades 14 provide a lower suction head than is possible with a single set of alternating rotating blades 12 and non-rotating blades 14.
  • using at least two sets of rotating blades 12 and non-rotating blades 14 increases the design complexity and the complexity of assembly. It also significantly increases the possibility for the pump to be damaged if any torque or other motion of the shaft of the pump causes a set of rotating blades to contact a set of non-rotation blades.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a submerged, magnetically coupled cryogenic centrifugal pump 300, with the pump 300 including an inducer 302 with alternating stages of rotating blades and non- rotating blades in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Embodiments of the inducer 302 decrease the net positive suction head required of the pump 300.
  • the pump 300 is an example of a cryogenic centrifugal pump with a vertical rotational axis, which is important relative to the management and control of the movement of the shaft, as described below.
  • the pump 300 includes a motor 304 mounted on a motor shaft 306.
  • the motor shaft 306 is supported by dry side ball bearings 308.
  • the pump embodiment illustrated in Figure 3 has the motor housing 310 purged with nitrogen to remove all oxygen, to keep the spaces on the motor housing 310 inert and free from moisture, and to maintain the proper pressure balance on both sides of the magnetic coupling 312. Other mostly inert gases or fluids can also be used instead of nitrogen.
  • the motor 304 causes the motor shaft 306 to turn. The turning of the motor shaft 306 causes a magnetic difference in the magnetic coupling 312, with the magnetic coupling 312 transferring the power from the motor shaft 306 to the pump shaft 314.
  • the pump shaft 314 is housed within a pump housing 315 and is supported by wet side ball bearings 316. Fluid enters the pump 300 through the inlet flow 318 at the bottom of the pump 300. The fluid then goes through the various stages of inducer 302 and impeller 320.
  • the pump shaft 314 transfers the rotational power to the inducer 302 and the impeller 320.
  • the impeller 320 increases the pressure and flow of the fluid being pumped. After the fluid goes through the impeller 320, the fluid exits through the discharge flow path 322.
  • the magnetic coupling 310 consists of two matching rotating parts, one rotating part mounted on the motor shaft 306 and one rotating part mounted on the pump shaft 314 next to each other and separated by a non-rotating membrane mounted to the motor housing 310.
  • the non-rotating membrane can be mounted to the pump housing 315.
  • the operation of a magnetic coupling is known in the art.
  • pump 300 is illustrated having a magnetic coupling 310, embodiments are not limited to pumps with a magnetic coupling 310.
  • Other means for transferring the rotational energy from the motor shaft 306 to the pump shaft 314 are within the scope of embodiments.
  • embodiments are not limited to pumps with a motor shaft 306 and a pump shaft 314.
  • Alternative embodiments can consist of a pump with a single shaft or with more than two shafts.
  • the pump 300 uses a Thrust Equalizing Mechanism (TEM) device 324 for balancing hydraulic thrust.
  • TEM Thrust Equalizing Mechanism
  • the TEM device 324 ensures that the wet side ball bearings 316 are not subjected to axial loads within the normal operating range of the pump 300.
  • the wet side ball bearings 316 are lubricated with the fluid being pumped.
  • it is imperative that the axial thrust loads are balanced to prevent vaporization of the fluid in the bearings, thereby ensuring reliability.
  • Axial force along the pump shaft is produced by unbalanced pressure, deadweight and liquid directional change.
  • the TEM device 324 allows the wet side (product- lubricated) ball bearings 316 to operate at near-zero thrust load over the entire usable capacity range for expanding. This consequently increases the reliability of the bearings.
  • the TEM device 324 also prevents damage to the alternating rotating blades 12 and non-rotating blades 14 due to unbalanced thrust loads. Unbalanced thrust loads can cause the rotating blades 12 to collide against the non-rotating blades 14, causing severe damage to the multi-stage inducer and the pump.
  • the TEM device 324 increases the reliability of the various components of the pump, including the multi-state inducer, and reduces equipment maintenance requirements.
  • Alternative embodiments of cryogenic pumps may not include the TEM device 324.
  • Embodiments of the multi-state inducer described herein improve on common centrifugal pumps and the use of contra-rotating blade rows in marine vessels in a number of ways.
  • embodiments of the multi-stage inducer are directed to cryogenic applications, where the goal is to maintain fluid flow and prevent the cryogenic fluid being pumped from cavitating. Cavitation is prevented or reduced by having a low NPSHR. Reducing cavitation and lower NPSHR in a cryogenic centrifugal pump and maximizing thrust forces to drive a marine vessel are completely different hydraulic goals.
  • embodiments of cryogenic centrifugal pumps that use the herein disclosed multi-stage inducer balance and counteract high thrust forces rather than maximizing them.
  • Balancing thrust forces is important in embodiments because thrust forces can damage components of the pump and the vessel housing the pump.
  • the TEM device balances the up-thrust generated by the pump impeller by counteracting the unbalanced pressure and resultant axial force across the impeller.
  • embodiments of cryogenic pumps equipped with the TEM device balance thrust loads to prevent damage to the pump.
  • Embodiments of cryogenic centrifugal pumps equipped with the multi-stage inducer also use a vertical rotational axis rather than the horizontal axis. It is more difficult to balance and manage thrust loads along a horizontal axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un ensemble inducteur comprenant au moins deux jeux d'aubes d'inducteur hélicoïdales, rotatives et non rotatives. Lorsque le fluide entre dans l'inducteur, le fluide s'élève à travers le premier jeu d'aubes rotatives et acquiert une énergie cinétique de rotation. Le fluide entre ensuite dans un deuxième jeu d'aubes non rotatives qui utilisent l'énergie cinétique de rotation du fluide pour pousser le fluide vers l'avant tout en supprimant la rotation et en réduisant en conséquence la charge d'aspiration positive nette requise. L'inducteur est positionné à l'entrée d'une pompe centrifuge cryogénique. Des formes de réalisation de la pompe centrifuge cryogénique utilisent un axe de rotation vertical et comprennent un mécanisme d'égalisation de la poussée pour équilibrer la poussée hydraulique.
PCT/US2010/044310 2009-08-03 2010-08-03 Inducteur à étages multiples pour pompes centrifuges WO2011017372A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27337709P 2009-08-03 2009-08-03
US61/273,377 2009-08-03

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WO2011017372A1 true WO2011017372A1 (fr) 2011-02-10

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WO (1) WO2011017372A1 (fr)

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CN104214111A (zh) * 2014-09-19 2014-12-17 无锡太博泵业有限公司 立式水泵用导水机构
US20220003241A1 (en) * 2018-11-08 2022-01-06 Zip Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd Pump Assembly
DE102018128065B4 (de) * 2018-11-09 2022-03-17 Voith Patent Gmbh Mehrstufige hydraulische Maschine
AT526707A5 (de) * 2021-11-29 2024-04-15 Morita Corp Kreiselpumpe, Kreiselpumpenvorrichtung und Feuerwehrfahrzeug

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