WO2011015734A1 - Système de régulation thermique globale pour véhicule automobile à propulsion électrique - Google Patents
Système de régulation thermique globale pour véhicule automobile à propulsion électrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011015734A1 WO2011015734A1 PCT/FR2010/051184 FR2010051184W WO2011015734A1 WO 2011015734 A1 WO2011015734 A1 WO 2011015734A1 FR 2010051184 W FR2010051184 W FR 2010051184W WO 2011015734 A1 WO2011015734 A1 WO 2011015734A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- fluid
- temperature
- air
- passenger compartment
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
- B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal regulation device for the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular of electric or hybrid type.
- electric or hybrid motor vehicles must incorporate a cabin air temperature system. These conditioning systems provide passenger comfort as well as additional functions such as demisting and defrosting glass surfaces. Electrically propelled vehicles must also incorporate temperature control systems, which regulate the temperature of accessories such as chargers, computers and electronic components, and the temperature of the electric motor (which must remain around 20 0 C when it is solicited, and not to exceed 50 0 C) and the temperature of the battery (which might otherwise rise to high temperatures during fast charging cycles, while its operating range is for example between - 10 0 C and 35 ° C).
- thermal vehicle conditioning systems uses a large amount of energy "fatally dissipated" in the form of heat, which is not available in electric vehicles, or even hybrids, insofar as in these, the engine thermal can be stopped over long periods.
- the patent application FR 2 709 097 proposes a regulating device including an energy accumulator in the form of specific heat, which can operate either as a heat accumulator or as a frigory accumulator.
- This accumulator is preheated or pre-cooled using the energy of an electrical network outside the vehicle at the same time as the battery is charged, for example by using the heat released by the battery for preheating.
- the configuration of the system allows the use of the accumulator only to condition the air temperature of the passenger compartment, and insofar as the temperature of the accumulator has a sufficient temperature difference with the passenger compartment to ensure the expected thermal exchanges.
- the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by improving the thermal regulation of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, particularly in terms of energy consumption, to preserve the autonomy of the vehicle.
- Another object of the invention is to ensure the temperature control of the electrical organs so as to increase their efficiency and their lifetime.
- the subject of the invention is a system for regulating the interior of the passenger compartment and the electrical components of a motor vehicle, powered wholly or partly by a battery-powered electric motor, the system comprising a thermal control fluid circuit coupled to a heating means and / or a cooling means making it suitable for storing calories or cold when the system is connected to an electrical network outside the vehicle.
- the fluid circuit is able to transfer calories and / or frigories to the air of the passenger compartment, alternately either through a heat exchanger between the circuit and the air of the passenger compartment, or by intermediate of a climatic circuit forming heat pump and / or air conditioning system.
- the system comprises:
- a first autonomous circuit for thermal regulation fluid of the passenger compartment powered by a first pump and passing through a first heat exchanger making it possible to condition in temperature a flow of air entering the passenger compartment, or making it possible to condition the temperature of the battery ,
- a second independent motor thermal control fluid circuit supplied by a second pump, passing through a heat exchange radiator with the air outside the vehicle, and passing through a second heat exchanger for conditioning the engine temperature
- a third thermal storage fluid circuit which may alternatively be connected to the first circuit and / or be connected to the engine temperature conditioning heat exchanger, and which may at other times constitute a separate autonomous circulation loop; of fluid,
- a climatic circuit forming a heat pump and / or an air-conditioning system, capable of taking, by a first condenser-evaporator, calories or frigories on the third fluid circuit, and to yield these calories / frigories by a second condenser-evaporator to the first fluid circuit,
- At least one electric heating element connected either to the first fluid circuit or to the third fluid circuit, and to raise by several tens of degrees Celsius the temperature of the third circuit, or the temperature of the two circuits connected to each other.
- the system comprises at least three three-way valves or three equivalent devices, in particular allowing the fluid exchanges to be interrupted between the first circuit and the third circuit, and at the same time making it possible alternatively to obtain the following configurations, consisting of:
- valves also make it possible to interrupt or restore the flow of fluid between the second and third circuits.
- the third circuit may comprise a valve and a bypass duct making it possible to exclude the first condenser-evaporator of this circuit, or may comprise several valves and several bypass ducts making it possible to exclude one or more condensers- evaporators of this circuit.
- the system may comprise an external air temperature sensor, a thermal sensor disposed at the level of the first fluid circuit or in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, a thermal sensor disposed at the level of the second fluid circuit or at the level of the second fluid circuit. motor, and a thermal sensor disposed at the third fluid circuit.
- the volume of the fluid in the third circuit is greater than the volume of fluid in the first circuit and the volume of fluid in the second circuit.
- the third fluid circuit may comprise a heat exchanger with a thermal storage means such as a phase transformation thermal accumulator.
- the subject of the invention is a method of thermal regulation of the passenger compartment and electrical components of a motor vehicle powered wholly or partially by an electric motor powered by a battery.
- the method is implemented by means of a device comprising a thermal regulation fluid pipe circuit, coupled to a heating means and / or a cooling means.
- the method comprises the steps of:
- the vehicle is equipped with:
- a first autonomous circuit for thermal regulation fluid of the passenger compartment powered by a first pump and passing through a first heat exchanger making it possible to condition in temperature a flow of air entering the passenger compartment, or making it possible to condition the temperature of the battery ,
- a second independent motor thermal control fluid circuit powered by a second pump, passing through a heat exchange radiator with the air outside the vehicle, and passing through a second heat exchanger for conditioning the engine temperature
- a third thermal storage fluid circuit which may alternatively be connected to the first circuit and / or be connected to the engine temperature conditioning heat exchanger, and which may at other times constitute a separate autonomous circulation loop; of fluid,
- a climatic circuit forming a heat pump and / or an air-conditioning system, capable of taking up by a first condenser-evaporator the calories / frigories on the third fluid circuit, and to yield these calories / frigories by a second condenser-evaporator to the first fluid circuit;
- the third thermal storage fluid circuit possibly connected to the first circuit, by raising
- the climate circuit is deactivated, the third circuit is connected to the first circuit and / or the temperature-conditioning heat exchanger of the engine, and the calories (respectively, the frigories) stored in the engine are used.
- the fluid circulation is decoupled between the first circuit and the third circuit, and the heat pump is operated. or the air-conditioning system first between the first circuit or the passenger compartment and the third circuit, then between the first circuit or the passenger compartment and at least a part of the second circuit, the fluid circulation of the ducts specific to the third circuit being then disabled.
- the temperature of the outside air, a temperature at the heat exchanger of the engine, a temperature in the passenger compartment of the vehicle and a temperature of the third fluid circuit are compared with one another. , to decide the connection modalities of the first, second and third fluid circuits, and to decide on the operating mode or the absence of operation of the climate circuit.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a thermal regulation system according to the invention, in a first winter mode of operation
- FIG. 2 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 1, in a second winter mode of operation
- FIG. 3 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 1, in a third mode of winter operation
- FIG. 4 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 1, in a fourth mode of winter operation
- FIG. 5 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 1, in a fifth mode of winter operation
- FIG. 6 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 1, in a first summer operating mode
- FIG. 7 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 1, in a second summer mode of operation
- Figure 8 illustrates the thermal control system of Figure 1, in a third summer mode of operation
- Figure 9 illustrates the thermal control system of Figure 1, in a fourth summer mode of operation
- Figure 10 illustrates the thermal control system of Figure 1, in a fifth summer mode of operation
- FIG. 1 1 illustrates another thermal control system according to the invention, in a first winter mode of operation
- FIG. 12 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 11, in a second mode of winter operation
- FIG. 13 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 11, in a third mode of winter operation
- FIG. 14 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 11, in a fourth mode of winter operation
- FIG. 15 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 11, in a fifth mode of winter operation
- FIG. 16 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 11, in a first summer mode of operation
- Figure 17 illustrates the thermal control system of Figure 1 1, in a second summer mode of operation
- FIG. 18 illustrates the thermal regulation system of FIG. 11, in a third summer mode of operation
- Figure 19 illustrates the thermal control system of Figure 1 1, in a fourth summer mode of operation
- FIG. 20 illustrates a third thermal regulation system according to the invention, in one of its winter operating modes.
- Figure 21 illustrates the thermal control system of Figure 20 in one of its summer operating modes.
- a thermal regulation system comprises a climatic circuit 4 and three independent fluid circuits 1, 2, and 3 all of which are traversed by the same coolant, for example water brine.
- the climatic circuit 4 comprises two half-loops 28 and 29 of pipelines traversed by a refrigerant, for example a fluorinated and / or chlorinated derivative of methane or ethane (freon), a hydrocarbon, ammonia, carbon, etc.
- portions of pipes capable of transporting the same type of fluid (either a refrigerant or a coolant) whose width is in a black background or is hatched (the hatching may be dashed) schematize pipelines where a fluid flows.
- the black background, or each type of hatching each symbolizes a different fluid temperature.
- Two pipes carrying two fluids of different types, and represented with the same black background, or with the same type of hatching, are not necessarily at the same temperature.
- the half-loops 28 and 29 are connected on one side by an expander 9, and on the other side by a compressor 8, to which they are connected by an inverting valve 14.
- the half-loop 28 passes through a first condenser -evaporator 41.
- the half-loop 29 passes through a second evaporator condenser 42.
- the arrows along the circuit 4 indicate the flow direction of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flows through the compressor in the same direction, from left to right in the illustration of FIG. 3.
- the refrigerant can flow through the circuit 4. clockwise or anti-clockwise.
- the refrigerant vaporizes after having passed through the expander 9, by taking heat from the condenser-evaporator which it then passes through, here the condenser-evaporator 41, which serves as a cold source vis-à-vis heat transfer fluid that is to be cooled.
- the compressor 8 draws the vaporized fluid and delivers it to the condenser-evaporator of the other half-loop where it condenses by yielding heat, here the evaporator condenser 42, which acts as a hot source vis-à-vis the heat transfer fluid that we seek to heat.
- the compressor 8 can be driven by the electric motor of the vehicle, or be provided with its own electric motor, or be a hybrid compressor, or be a compressor driven by a heat engine of the vehicle.
- the first independent fluid circuit 1 comprises a pump 5 which sends the fluid through a check valve 26 to a condenser-evaporator 42. After passing through the condenser-evaporator 42, the coolant passes through a three-way valve 15 is to a heating branch I c, or to a cooling branch I f. The branches I c and I f then meet to bring the heat transfer liquid to the pump 5.
- the arrows arranged along the pipes of the circuit 1 indicate the flow direction of the heat transfer liquid.
- Each of the branches Ic and If comprise a heat exchanger respectively I and IIf, both located inside a passenger compartment 33 of the vehicle, and making it possible to transfer calories, respectively frigories, of the circuit 1 of heat transfer liquid to the air of the passenger compartment.
- a fan 25 makes it possible to draw air from the passenger compartment through the heat exchangers I 1 and 11 f.
- the condenser-evaporator 42 which acts as a hot source for the climate circuit 4, transfers calories to the coolant which is then sent to the heat exchanger I 1 in order to heat the air of the heat exchanger. cockpit.
- a PTC heating element 27 is arranged in the path of the circuit 1 so as to be able to heat the heat-transfer liquid of this circuit in addition to or independently of the calories supplied by the condenser-evaporators 42.
- This CTP element is inactive in FIG. may, according to the embodiments, be replaced by another heating device, for example by a heat pump (not shown).
- the second thermal regulation circuit 2 comprises a pump 7 which sends the coolant through a three-way valve 18 to a heat exchanger 12 for temperature conditioning an electric motor, for example an electric motor for propelling the vehicle, and / or allowing, according to other embodiments, temperature conditioning any other electrical or electronic component (charger, storage battery, electronic power component).
- a pump 7 which sends the coolant through a three-way valve 18 to a heat exchanger 12 for temperature conditioning an electric motor, for example an electric motor for propelling the vehicle, and / or allowing, according to other embodiments, temperature conditioning any other electrical or electronic component (charger, storage battery, electronic power component).
- the heat transfer liquid is then directed from this heat exchanger 12 to a radiator 13 comprising a heat exchanger between the coolant and the air flowing through the radiator, a fan 24 for drawing air through the radiator, and a cooling system.
- Shutters 30 to limit the flow of air through the radiator and improve the aerodynamics of the vehicle.
- the third thermal regulation circuit 3 comprises a pump 6 which sends the coolant through the condenser-evaporator 41, through which the third circuit 3 can exchange calories or frigories with the climate circuit 4.
- the coolant After passing through the condenser-evaporator 41, the coolant passes through a three-way valve 17, then a three-way valve 16, and is reinjected into the pump 6.
- a bypass pipe 31, which can be opened or closed by means of a valve 32 makes it possible to bring the heat transfer liquid directly from the upstream side of the pump 6 to a point situated between the two three-way valves 16 and 17, without passing through either the pump 6 or the condenser-evaporator 41.
- a pipe 19 is disposed between the three-way valve 16 of the circuit 3 and the upstream of the condenser-evaporator 42 of the circuit 1.
- the heat transfer liquid arriving upstream of this valve 16 can be directed either directly to the pump 6, or through the condenser-evaporator 42, the three-way valve 15, the one of the two heat exchangers I or 11f, before finally returning to the pump 6, through a pipe 20 disposed downstream of the branches I c and I f of the circuit 1, and disposed between the upstream of the pump 5 and upstream of the pump 6.
- a section restriction 21 may be disposed on the circuit 3 between the three-way valve 16 and the pipe 20, to ensure a balancing of fluid flow rates between the different heat transfer fluid circuits.
- a pipe 22 is disposed between the three-way valve 17 of the circuit 3 and the three-way valve 18 of the circuit 2. This pipe allows all or part of the coolant coming from the condenser-evaporator 41 to flow to the heat exchanger 12 for temperature conditioning of the electric motor.
- a pipe 23 connects the downstream of the heat exchanger 12 of the electric motor upstream of the pump 6 of the circuit 3. This pipe 23 allows all or part of the coolant coming from the heat exchanger 12 of the engine of the flow through the pump 6.
- the three-way valves 16, 17 and 18 are positioned to allow the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the pipe 19 or in the pipe 22. An independent heat transfer liquid circulation is then established for each of the circuits 1, 2 and 3, without passage of coolant or with a minimum passage of heat transfer liquid in the pipes 20 and 23.
- the thermal regulation circuit 2 functions as a conventional cooling circuit of a motor, electric or not, the pump 7 circulating the heat-transfer liquid successively in the heat exchanger 12 for conditioning the engine, and in the radiator 13 for heat exchange with the air outside the engine. Calories transferred by the engine to the coolant at the heat exchanger 12 can then be transferred by the coolant to the outside air drawn by the fan 24 at the radiator 13.
- the flaps 30 of the radiator are open.
- the circuit 1 operates in a heating circuit, bringing the calories of two hot sources which are the condenser-evaporator 42 and possibly the resistance CTP 27, to the heat exchanger
- the control circuit 3 is used in FIG. 3, with a cold source through the condenser-evaporator 41, calories being taken by the climatic circuit 4 on the regulation circuit 3 to be then transferred to the circuit 1 at the level of the condenser-evaporator. 42.
- the climate circuit 4 thus operates in a heat pump. The efficiency of such a heat pump is all the more interesting as the temperature difference between the cold source, that is to say the temperature of the coolant flowing through the circuit 3, and the hot source, is that is, the temperature of coolant flowing through circuit 1 is low.
- FIGS. 1 to 10 show elements that are common to FIG. 3, the same elements then bearing the same references.
- the vehicle (not shown) is connected to an external electrical network (not shown) for charging the electric battery (not shown).
- the energy of the electricity network is also used to raise the temperature of the heat-transfer liquid of the circuit 1 by means of the PTC resistor 27.
- the valves 16 and 17 are placed in such a way as to interconnect the circuit 1 and the circuit 3, isolating these circuits 1 and 3 of the circuit 2.
- the coolant circulates in the circuits 1, 3 and in the pipes 19 and 20.
- the climatic circuit 4 is inactive, as is the circuit 2 and its pump 7.
- the valve 15 is positioned in such a way that the heat-transfer liquid is sent into the heat exchanger I 1 and the circulation of the coolant is interrupted in the exchanger ll f.
- the circulation of the coolant is provided by the pumps 5 and / or 6.
- the calories produced by the PTC resistor and carried by the heat transfer fluid through the exchanger I allow to raise the temperature of the passenger compartment by operating the fan 25.
- the blower 25 may be turned off, and / or restarted at intervals to maintain the cabin temperature at its set point.
- the temperature of the coolant contained in the circuits 1 and 3 continues to be heated by the CTP element for example to a temperature determined by the boiling temperature of the liquid and / or by the thermal resistance of the pipes. . Thanks to the high heat mass of the coolant and the consequent volume of liquid in the circuits 1 and 3, especially in the circuit 3, is stored in the form of heat, a quantity of energy that will not have to be taken from the battery to heat the cabin.
- the circuit 3 may be provided with a coolant reservoir (not shown), that is to say a storage volume for locally storing over a given linear length, the equivalent of several equivalent lengths of channelization of the circuit. . This tank can be thermally insulated.
- the vehicle can be disconnected from the external electrical network and can start to roll by placing the thermal regulation system 10 in the configuration corresponding to FIG. 2.
- the regulation circuit 2 functions as an autonomous circuit, the pump 7 passing the coolant through the heat exchanger 12 of the electric motor, then through the radiator 13, cooled by the outside air drawn by the fan 24 through the flaps 30 open.
- the climate circuit 4 is disabled.
- the three-way valve 15 is positioned to send the coolant in the branch I c of the circuit 1 and through the exchanger thermal I intended for heating the cabin.
- the PTC resistor 27 is deactivated.
- the three-way valve 16 is positioned to allow the passage of heat transfer liquid through the pipe 19, and to stop the circulation of heat transfer liquid through the restriction 21.
- the control circuits 1 and 3 are interconnected with each other , the circulation of the coolant being provided by the pumps 5 and 6. It could also be considered to ensure the circulation of fluid than with only one of the two pumps.
- the heat transfer liquid contained in the circuits 1 and 3 can thus progressively give way to the passenger compartment air, through the heat exchanger I 1, the stored heat energy.
- the only electrical energy consumed to condition the temperature of the passenger compartment 33 is the energy required to operate the pump or pumps 5 and 6, plus possibly the electrical energy required to operate the fan 25.
- the intensity of the heat exchange with the passenger compartment can for example be regulated by modifying, by means of the pumps 5 and 6, the flow of heat transfer liquid through the exchanger I 1, and by modifying by means of the fan 25 the flow rate of air through this same exchanger.
- This operating mode can be maintained as long as the temperature of the coolant remains higher than the desired air temperature of the passenger compartment, increased by a certain temperature difference necessary for the heat exchange between the coolant and the heat transfer liquid.
- cabin air is done at a satisfactory speed, and can compensate for other heat losses resulting in cooling of the cabin air.
- the thermal regulation 10 can be actuated according to the operating mode corresponding to FIG.
- the PTC resistor 27 remains inactive, and the control circuit 2 continues to operate autonomously to cool the electric motor by means of the radiator 13.
- the refrigerant circuit 4 is active, the inversion valve 14 being positioned so that the condenser-evaporator 41 operates in a cold source and the condenser-evaporator 42 operates hot source.
- the three-way valve 15 is always positioned to send the coolant through the branch I c of the circuit 1 and the heat exchanger I l e for heating the passenger compartment.
- the three-way valve 16 is positioned so as to prevent the circulation of heat transfer liquid through the pipe 19.
- the regulation circuits 1 and 3 thus operate in a decoupled manner, that is to say without exchange of coolant between the two circuits.
- the circulation of the liquid in the circuit 1 is ensured by the pump 5, the circulation of the liquid in the circuit 3 is ensured by the pump 6.
- the fan 25 may optionally be actuated so as to increase the heat exchange between the heat transfer liquid of the circuit 1 and the air of the passenger compartment.
- the air conditioning circuit 4 operates here in a heat pump, taking heat from the heat transfer liquid of the circuit 3 and transferring them to the heat transfer liquid of the circuit 1. As the temperature of the liquid of the circuit 3 remains at this stage greater than that of the outside air and higher than that of the circuit 2, the efficiency and the performance of the heat pump constituted by the circuit 4 remain more interesting than those of a heat pump whose cold source would be the outside air, or would be the cooling circuit 2 of the electric motor. This limits the power consumption required to maintain the cabin air at a satisfactory level.
- the heat pump allows, in the configuration described, to ensure the heating of the passenger compartment even for very low outdoor temperatures, that is to say temperatures where a heat pump whose cold source would be outside air, or would be the circuit 2, would not be enough, and where an extra resistance CTP would then become necessary.
- the efficiency of a PTC resistor is much less interesting than that of a heat pump. It is possible to envisage variant embodiments which would comprise a PTC (a PTC resistor) on the circuit 3, this PTC making it possible to slow down the progressive cooling of the coolant of the circuit 3. Such a PTC on the circuit 3 can replace the PTC 27 of the circuit 1 and be used for the preheating step described in FIG. 1. It is also possible to envisage alternative embodiments in which two CTPs are available, the CTP 27 on the circuit 1 and a second CTP on the circuit.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a mode of winter operation similar to that of FIG. 3, and which may for example be applied following it.
- the three-way valves 17 and 18 are positioned so as to allow the circulation of the coolant liquid in the pipes 22 and 23, and to block the flow of fluid arriving from the radiator 13.
- the pump 7 is inactive, as well as the fan 24.
- the flaps 30 may optionally be closed to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicle.
- the regulating circuits 1 and 3 continue to function as two independent circuits that do not exchange heat transfer liquid.
- the heat exchanger 12 for conditioning the temperature of the electric motor is connected to the regulation circuit 3. This configuration is recommended when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the circuit 3 has become sufficiently low to be able to ensure satisfactory cooling of the engine This configuration allows the calories recovered from the electric motor to be operated using the climate circuit 4.
- FIG. 5 illustrates another configuration of the thermal control system 10 of FIGS. 1 to 4, which can be for example adopt after going through a configuration of the type of Figure 3 or Figure 4, once the temperature of the coolant of the circuit 3 has fallen below a certain threshold.
- the regulation circuit 1 continues to operate in an autonomous circuit as in the configurations of FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the PTC resistor 27 is inactive, the heat transfer liquid passes through the heat exchanger I 1, and the The fan 25 can be controlled in speed according to the desired degrees of heat exchange between the coolant and the air of the passenger compartment 33.
- the climatic circuit 4 continues to function as a heat pump, between the condenser-evaporator 41 making office cold source and the condenser-evaporator 42 acting as a hot source.
- the regulation circuit 3 is inactivated, that is to say that the three-way valves 16 and 17 are configured so as to allow the passage of heat transfer liquid only in the branch of the circuit 3 comprising the pump 6 and the condenser -vaporator 41.
- the three-way valves 17 and 18 are configured to couple the circulation of this branch with the coolant circulation of the regulation circuit 2.
- the regulation circuit 2 then comprises the pump 7, the heat exchanger 12 for conditioning the electric motor, the radiator 13, the pump 6 and the condenser-evaporator 41.
- the calories released by the electric motor are used to improve the efficiency of the heat pump constituting the climatic circuit 4.
- the volume of heat transfer liquid heated by the calories of the electric motor is lower, which allows to heat the heat-exchange liquid of the circuit 2 to a higher temperature, than the temperature that one would obtain by distributing the calories of the engine on a volume heat transfer liquid corresponding for example to the volume of the circuit 3.
- the temperature of the circuit 2 must however be maintained below a maximum level determined by the maximum operating temperature of the electric motor. When this temperature of the circuit becomes too high, it is possible to actuate the fan 24 and open the flaps 30.
- the shutters 30 can be closed and the fan 24 can be deactivated, which makes it possible to recover a maximum of calories generated by the electric motor in favor of the operation of the climate circuit 4.
- the liquid heat transfer circuit 2 then circulates only in the exchangers 12 and 41, powered by the pump 6.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a possible mode of operation of the thermal regulation system 10 when the vehicle is stationary, connected to an external electrical network in order to recharge its battery, and that the outside temperature (for example in summer) is greater to that which the passengers wish in the cockpit.
- the three-way valve 15 is this time positioned so as to pass the coolant of the circuit 1 through the branch I f and the heat exchanger 11f for refreshing the passenger compartment 33.
- the three-way valve 16 is in the same configuration as that of Figure 1, thus ensuring the coupling between the control circuits 1 and 3, through the pipes 19 and 20.
- the valve 32 of the branch circuit 31, which was closed in Figures 1 to 5 is here open, allowing the arrival of heat transfer liquid arriving from the circuit 1 through the three-way valve 16 to the bypass circuit 31.
- the three-way valve 17 is in the same configuration as in Figure 5, excluding this makes the branch carrying the pump 6 and the condenser-evaporator 41 of the circuit 3, and coupling on the contrary this branch with the control circuit 2.
- the three-way valve 18 is positioned to allow the circulation of u condenser-evaporator 41 to the radiator 13 but prevent the circulation of heat transfer liquid to the heat exchanger 12 conditioning the electric motor.
- the circulation of coolant in the circuit 2 may for example be provided by the pump 6, the pump 7 being deactivated.
- the shutters 30 of the radiator are open and the fan 24 is actuated so as to allow cooling of the coolant of the circuit 1 by the flow of outside air passing through the radiator 13.
- the climate circuit 4 operates in air conditioning mode, that is to say that is, the reversing valve 14 is positioned to use the condenser-evaporator 42 as the cold source and the condenser-evaporator 41 as the hot source.
- the climate circuit 4 thus takes calories from the coupled circuits 1 and 3 and rejects these calories on the circuit 2, whose temperature it raises.
- the fan 25 can be actuated initially until the air in the passenger compartment drops to the desired temperature by the passengers, then cut, at least in intervals of time, while one continues to operate the climatic circuit 4 to lower the temperature of the two coupled circuits 1 and 3 to a minimum temperature authorized by the risks of thickening of the coolant and / or the cold resistance of the pipes.
- As much as possible of frigories is stored in the coolant circulating in the circuit 3, and possibly circulating in the storage tank (not shown) of the circuit 3.
- this minimum temperature can continue to operate for a moment the fan 24 and the pump 6, to bring the temperature of the circuit 2 to a value close to that of the ambient air. Following these operations, it was stored on the two loops 1 and 3 frigories that will be able, during the driving of the vehicle, to be used to cool the cabin and possibly to refresh the electrical organs, without drawing energy on the battery of the vehicle.
- FIG. 7 describes a mode of operation that is relatively similar to the operating mode of FIG. 2, that is to say that the regulation circuit 2 operates autonomously to cool the electric motor by means of the exchanger 12, the heat transfer liquid passing successively by the pump 7, the heat exchanger 12 and the radiator 13, the flaps 30 being open and the fan 24 can be actuated according to the cooling needs of the engine.
- the three-way valve 16 is again configured to couple the coolant circulation of the circuits 1 and 3 through the pipes 19 and 20.
- the three-way valve 15 is configured to send the coolant through the branch I f of the circuit 1 and the heat exchanger 11f for cooling the air of the passenger compartment.
- the fan 25 can be activated or not according to the cooling needs of the air of the passenger compartment.
- valve 32 and the three-way valves 17 and 18 are positioned to exclude the branch comprising the pump 6 and the condenser-evaporator 41 of the circuit 3, and to allow on the contrary the circulation of coolant through the bypass circuit 31 .
- FIG. 7 it is possible to envisage variants of operation according to FIG. 7, which would allow the passage of the coolant in this branch comprising the pump 7 and the condenser-evaporator 41, instead of passing through the branch circuit 3 1.
- FIG. 2 in which the heat-transfer liquid of the circuit 3, instead of passing through the pump 6 and the condenser-evaporator 41, would pass through the cooling circuit. bypass 3 1.
- the climate circuit 4 is deactivated.
- the cooling of the air of the passenger compartment is ensured by means of the frigories ceded by the heat transfer liquid of the circuits 1 and 3 through the heat exchanger 11f, the intensity of these heat exchanges being able to be regulated on the one hand, by modifying the flow rate of the heat transfer liquid imposed by the pump 5, and on the other hand, by modulating the flow of air passing through the exchanger 11f by means of the fan 25.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a mode of operation of the thermal regulation system 10 which can be used in summer when the temperature of the heat transfer liquid of circuits 1 and 3 is still low enough to cool the air in the passenger compartment, and that the outside air is at a temperature too high to ensure, by means of the regulation circuit 2, satisfactory cooling of the electric motor (and / or variants, engine accessories (charger, electronic components) and / or battery).
- FIG. 8 differs from the configuration of FIG. 7 in that the valve 32 of the bypass circuit 31 is closed, and in that the three-way valves 17 and 18 are in a position permitting the passage of the circuit fluid. 3 in the heat exchanger
- the refrigerants stored in the coolant of the circuits 1 and 3 are therefore sold, partly at the level of the exchanger l l f to the air of the passenger compartment and partly at the level of the exchanger 12 to the electric motor.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a summer operating mode of the thermal regulation system 10, which is broadly similar to the winter operating mode described in FIG. 3.
- the regulation circuit 2 functions as an autonomous circuit, the pump 7 propelling the coolant through the heat exchanger 12 conditioning the engine and then through the radiator
- the three-way valves 16 and 17 are in a position which imposes a separate circulation of heat transfer fluids for the circuit 1 and for the circuit 3.
- the valve 32 On the circuit 3, the valve 32 is passed through the outside air drawn by the fan. is closed.
- the three-way valve 15 is in a position that requires the heat transfer liquid to pass through the branch I f of the circuit 1, and into the exchanger 11 f, intended for the cooling of the air of the cockpit.
- Each of the pumps 5, 6 and 7 ensure the circulation of the heat transfer liquid respectively in one of the control circuits 1, 3 and 2.
- the reversing valve 14 is in the opposite position to that of FIG. 3, so as to operate the condenser-evaporator 41 in a hot source of the climate circuit 4 and to operate the condenser-evaporator 42 in a cold source of this circuit.
- climate change 4 The climatic circuit 4 thus functions as a conventional air conditioning cooling system of the cabin air, this air conditioning circuit however having a hot source at a lower temperature than that of the outside air, which makes it possible to improve circuit performance and reduce power consumption.
- This mode of operation is interesting, when, after storing frigories on the circuits 1 and 3 according to the operating mode of FIG. 6, the heat transfer liquid of the circuits 1 and 3 was progressively warmed up to a temperature too close to that of the air of the passenger compartment, even higher than that of the air of the passenger compartment, while remaining even cooler than that of the temperature of the air outside the vehicle.
- the operating mode described in FIG. 9 then makes it possible to use the climate circuit 4 as an air conditioning system, with a more interesting output than if this air conditioning system used outside air as a hot source.
- FIG. 10 illustrates another mode of operation of the thermal regulation system 10, which can be implemented when the vehicle is traveling on a hot summer day, and that after having used the modes of operation of FIGS. 6 to 9, the temperature of the coolant of the circuit 3 has become comparable to that of the heat transfer liquid of the circuit 2, that is to say that the temperature of the coolant liquid of the circuit 3 is still lower than that of the coolant temperature of the circuit 2 but the difference between these two temperatures is less than a gap threshold.
- the operating mode of FIG. 10 is almost identical to the winter operating mode described in FIG.
- the inverting valve 14 is in the position which circulates the refrigerant of the circuit 4 so as to using the condenser-evaporator 41 in a hot source and using the condenser-evaporator 42 in a cold source, and in that the three-way valve 15 is positioned so as to send the heat-transfer fluid of the circuit 1 in the branch I f and the heat exchanger llf instead of sending the coolant in the branch I c.
- the regulation circuit 3 is deactivated, thus saving the energy of the pump 6 necessary for the circulation of the coolant in this circuit.
- FIGS 1 1 to 20 illustrate another embodiment of the invention with a climate circuit 4 not provided with a reversing valve.
- the refrigerant fluid therefore always flows in the same direction inside the pipes of this climate circuit.
- this climatic circuit 4 is provided not with two, but with four heat exchangers 40, 42b, 43 and 41 and is provided with two expansions 9a, 9b, as well as two branch lines 56 and
- bypass lines 56 and 59 may be opened or closed respectively by means of a three-way valve 45 and 54, allowing the refrigerant to bypass either of the two regulators 9b, 9a, so as to to be able to operate at least two heat exchangers, here the heat exchangers 41, 43, alternately in a cold source and in a hot source.
- a thermal regulation system 10 comprises a climatic circuit 4 equipped with a compressor 8.
- the compressor 8 sends the refrigerant first in a first portion of circuit 55 passing through a heat exchanger 42b, a pressure reducer 9b and a three-way valve 45.
- the refrigerant first passes through the exchanger 42b and the expander 9b, or first passes through the exchanger 42b and then a bypass line 56 bypassing the expander 9b and ending in the three-way valve 45.
- the refrigerant then flows through a second circuit portion 57, passing successively through a heat exchanger 43 and a heat exchanger 41 , then a three-way valve 54.
- the refrigerant can then either return directly to the compressor 8 through a bypass portion 59, or pass through a third circuit portion 58, passing successively a regulator 9a, then a heat exchanger 40 before returning to the compressor 8.
- the heat exchanger 40 is disposed in a passenger compartment 3 3 of the vehicle in order to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant of the circuit 4 and the air of the passenger compartment pulsed through the exchanger 40 by means of a fan 25.
- the heat exchanger 43 is arranged at the outside of the passenger compartment 33 of the vehicle and is in contact with the air outside the vehicle, drawn through the exchanger by the vehicle advance and / or pulsed by means of a fan 24.
- the exchangers 41 and 42b are disposed outside the passenger compartment 33, so as to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant of the climate circuit 4 and a coolant circulating in other pipes of the thermal control system 10.
- the thermal control system 10 comprises a set of interconnected pipes la, Ib, I c; 3a, 3b, 3c; 2a, 2b; 51a, 51b, 51c; 52a, 52b, 53a, 53b, 523 in which a same heat transfer liquid can circulate.
- the pipe passes through the passenger compartment 33, in which it passes through a heat exchanger I the, allowing the exchange of calories between the coolant circulating in the pipe and the air of the passenger compartment drawn through the exchanger I on by the fan 25.
- the pipe Ib is provided with a pump 5, which sends the coolant through a heat exchanger 42a, for exchanging calories between the liquid. coolant passing through the pipe, and the refrigerant of the climate circuit 4.
- the pipe Ib joins the pipe la at a three-way valve 44 located between the exchangers 42a and 42b.
- the pipes 1a and 1b are connected to each other and are connected to three other pipes 51a, 52a and 53a.
- the three-way valve 44 makes it possible to connect the ends of the two or three of the pipes 1a,
- a pipe 3a which can be opened or closed by means of a valve 32a, connects the pipe 51b at its inlet in the three-way valve 44, and upstream of the pump 5.
- the pipe 51b connects the valve three 44 channels and a three-way valve 49, the latter valve connecting the ends of the pipes 51b, 2b and 3c.
- the pipe 2b comprises a pump 7 adapted to propel the coolant of the three-way valve 49 to a heat exchange radiator 13 also located along the pipe 2b.
- the radiator 13 allows heat exchange between the heat transfer liquid of the pipe 2b and the outside air to the vehicle drawn through the radiator 13 by the fan 24.
- the radiator 13 may be provided with adjustable flaps 30, making it possible to avoid flow of air through the radiator, in order to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicle.
- the pipe 3c is provided with a pump 6 adapted to propel the heat transfer liquid towards the three-way valve 49. On this pipe 3c, is disposed a PTC resistor 27a, for heating the heat transfer fluid through the pipe. Downstream of the PTC resistor 27a, the pipe 3c passes through the heat exchanger 41, allowing heat to be exchanged between the coolant passing through the pipe and the refrigerant of the climatic circuit 4.
- the pipe 3c is connected to its upstream end by relative to the pump 6, by means of the pipe 53a, to the pipe Ib upstream of the pump 5.
- the pipe 2b is connected at its upstream end with respect to the pump 7, by means of the pipe 52a, to the end of the pipe Ib upstream of the pump 5.
- the pipe 3b connects the upstream end, relative to the pump 7 of the pipe 2b, and the pipe 51b.
- the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the pipe 3b can be interrupted or authorized by a valve 32b.
- the pipes 52a and 53a are connected substantially in their middle by a junction pipe 60.
- the pipe 51 a connects, in order, the downstream end of the pipe 2b (relative to the pump 7 and the radiator 13) , the end of the pipe 3b opposite the three-way valve 49, the end of the pipe 3a opposite the three-way valve 44, and the upstream end, with respect to the pump 5, of the pipe I b.
- On this pipe 51 a can be arranged a reservoir 50 adapted to contain a quantity of several liters of heat transfer liquid, so that the heat transfer liquid passes through the tank 50 when it flows in the pipe 5 1 a.
- this tank will be thermally insulated on its outer surface, so as to avoid heat exchange between the heat transfer liquid contained in the tank and the outside of the tank, and will be disposed on the contrary so as to promote heat exchange between the coolant arriving and leaving the tank and the coolant present in the tank.
- the pipe 2a is connected to the pipe 52a between the bypass portion 60 and the upstream of the pump 5.
- the pipe I c is connected to the pipe 53a between the branch section 60 and upstream of the pump 5. At its other end, the pipe I c joins a three-way valve 46.
- the pipe I c passes through a heat exchanger 11f, for conditioning a temperature battery power supply of the vehicle.
- the pipe 5 1 c connects the three-way valve 44 and the three-way valve 46.
- a three-way valve 48 is connected by a first channel to the line 3c, between the heat exchanger 41 and the three-way valve 49.
- This three-way valve 48 is connected at the level of a second channel, through the pipe 52b, to the pipe 2b, between the pump 7 and the three-way valve 49.
- This three-way valve 48 is further connected at its third channel, simultaneously with an inlet of the three-way valve 46 and an inlet of the three-way valve 47.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an operating mode of the thermal regulation system of FIG. 13, which can be implemented when the vehicle is connected to an external electrical network in order to recharge its battery, and that the outside temperature is lower than that desired in the passenger compartment, for example in winter.
- the climate circuit 4 is activated, the three-way valves 45 and 54 being positioned so as not to send refrigerant into the heat exchanger 40, nor through the condenser-evaporator 42a, nor through the expander 9a , but so, on the other hand, that the refrigerant passes through the expander 9b.
- the heat exchanger 43 operates as a cold source for the climate circuit 4 and the exchanger
- the refrigerant of the circuit 4 passes through the compressor 8, then gives calories to the condenser-evaporator 42b by liquefying, passes through the regulator 9b which lowers its pressure by vaporizing the refrigerant which then passes through the condenser-evaporator 43 where it vaporizes by taking heat from the outside air drawn by the fan 24, then passes through the condenser-evaporator 41 and takes a few extra calories from the heat transfer fluid in the pipe 3c, and returns to the compressor 8 through the three-way valve 54.
- the pump 7 is inactive.
- the valves 32a and 32b are closed.
- the three-way valves 44, 46, 47, 48, 49 are positioned in such a way that the heat-transfer liquid passes only through the pipes 51b, Ib, 51a, 3c and 1a.
- the circuit constituted by these pipes comprises two loops, a first loop constituted by the branch la and by the branch Ib, the circulation of fluid in this loop being ensured essentially by the pump 5, and a second loop formed by the branches 1a, 51b. a, 3c, 51b, the circulation of the coolant in this loop being provided essentially by the pump 6. It is conceivable to use only one of the two pumps 5 and 6 to propel the liquid in this double-loop.
- the heat transfer fluid passing through this double-loop is heated at the level of the condenser-evaporator 42b by the calories taken by means of the climate circuit 4 on the air outside the vehicle.
- This coolant can also be heated by operating parallel to the heat pump circuit 4, the PTC resistor 27.
- Passing through the heat exchanger I through which the fan 25 draws air from the passenger compartment 33 the heat transfer liquid makes it possible to raise the air temperature of the passenger compartment to the desired level for the departure of the vehicle.
- the calories thus collected by the climatic circuit 4, operating as a heat pump, are accumulated in the heat transfer liquid passing through the double-loop, which includes in particular the volume of coolant included in the tank 50.
- FIG. 12 illustrates another mode of operation of the control system 10 of FIG. 13, which can be used after starting the vehicle, following a pre-conditioning step as described in FIG. 1. In FIG. 12 , the climate circuit 4 is deactivated.
- the double circulation loop of the coolant constituted by the pipes 1a, 51a, 3b, 51b and 1b continues to be actuated as in FIG. 11 by the pumps 5 and 6, the fan being actuated according to the heating requirements.
- the calories stored in this double-loop and in particular in the tank 50, are gradually released by means of the heat exchanger I to heat the air of the passenger compartment 33.
- a second circulation of heat transfer liquid, independent of the circulation in the double-loop, is provided by the pump 7, which sends the heat transfer liquid through the radiator 13, through which the outside air passes through the vehicle drawn by the fan 24, then through pipes I c and 2a, so as to pass through the heat exchanger 11f and the heat exchanger 12, thereby simultaneously cooling the battery and the electric motor of the vehicle.
- the three-way valves 46, 47, 48 and 49 are positioned so as to redirect thereafter to the pump 7 the heat transfer liquid having passed through the exchangers 11 and 12.
- Section restrictions may for example be arranged on the pipes 52a and 53a. the place where these pipes meet the pipe Ib, so as to limit the risks of coolant leakage of the cooling circuit and delimited by the branches I c, 2a and 2b, in the double-storage loop delimited by the branches la , Ib and 3c. If these restrictions are correctly calibrated and the three-way valves 46, 47, 48 and 49 are in the appropriate position, two independent flows are established as in Figure 12, on the one hand, for the double-loop thermal storage and on the other hand, for the cooling circuit.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a mode of operation of the control system 10 of FIGS. 11 and 12, when, after the system has passed through the operating modes of FIGS. 11 and 12, the temperature of the heat transfer liquid of the double thermal storage loop has fallen below a threshold temperature, this temperature no longer allowing to sufficiently heat the air of the passenger compartment 33 through the heat exchanger I l e .
- the operating mode of FIG. 13 is comparable in principle to the operating mode described in FIG. 3.
- the climatic circuit 4 is activated, and is in the same configuration as in FIG. 11, that is to say say that the condenser-evaporator 42b operates in a hot source and the condenser-evaporators 43 and 41 operate in cold sources.
- the branches Ic, 2a and 2b continue to be independently supplied with heat transfer liquid by the pump 7 through the radiator 13.
- the valve 32a is open and the three-way valves 44 and 49 are positioned in such a way that independent heat transfer fluid loop is established through the pipes 3c, 51b, 3a and 51a.
- This loop which comprises the tank 50, is a heat storage loop containing a heat transfer liquid at a temperature higher than the outside temperature but lower, or slightly higher, than the air temperature of the passenger compartment.
- This thermal storage loop serves as a reserve of calories as a cold source for the climate circuit 4 operating in heat pump. This improves the efficiency of the system compared to a heat pump that would directly use the outside air as a cold source.
- the three-way valve 44 is positioned so as to allow the establishment of an independent circulation of heat transfer fluid in the pipes Ib and la, this circulation being provided by the pump 5.
- This heat transfer fluid circulation loop actuated by the pump 5 makes it possible to transfer the calories received by the coolant at the condenser-evaporator 42b to the air of the passenger compartment through the heat exchanger I l e.
- the temperature of this circulation loop remains higher than that of the cabin air.
- the climate circuit 4 comprises two "stepped" cold sources, that is to say that the refrigerant first crosses the condenser-evaporator 43 traversed by the outside air, where it vaporizes in part by drawing calories on the outside air, then through the condenser-evaporator 41 where it continues to vaporize by drawing calories on the heat transfer liquid of the thermal storage circuit, the circulation is provided by the pump 6. It is possible to delay the cooling of the thermal storage circuit by actuating the CTP 27a resistance.
- FIG. 14 illustrates another mode of operation of the thermal regulation system of FIGS. 11 to 13, which can be applied instead of the operating mode of FIG. 13, for example when the temperature of the heat transfer liquid passing through the storage circuit
- the thermal pump operated by the pump 6, becomes sufficiently low to ensure sufficient cooling of the electric motor by means of the heat exchanger 12.
- This operating mode is comparable to the operating mode described in Figure 4 of the first embodiment of the invention.
- the pump 7 is inactive.
- the climatic circuit 4 is in the same configuration as in FIG. 13.
- the three-way valve 44 is positioned so as to allow independent circulation, provided by the pump 5, of a heating loop of the air of the passenger compartment. delimited by the pipes 1a and 1b.
- the three-way valves 47 and 48 are positioned so as to allow the passage of a part of the coolant circulating at the pump 6 in the thermal storage circuit comprising the pipes 3a and 3c, in the branch 2a through the heat exchanger 12 temperature conditioning of the electric motor. It could also be considered to position the three-way valve 46 so as to also pass a portion of the heat transfer fluid of the thermal storage circuit in the I c branch and in the exchanger l l f temperature conditioning of the battery.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a mode of operation of the regulation system 10 of FIGS. 1 to 14 which can be used in winter after having used one or more of the operating modes of FIGS. 11a and 14, and that the temperature of the heat transfer liquid present in the tank 50 becomes below a certain threshold.
- This operating mode is similar in principle to the operating modes described in FIG. 5, that is to say that the climatic circuit 4 operates as a heat pump in the configuration described for example in FIG. feeds a heating circuit (or loop) of the cabin air limited to the pipes la and Ib.
- the circulation of the coolant liquid is locally limited to this circuit because of the position of the three-way valve 44.
- the valves three lanes 46, 47, 48 and 49 are positioned so as to exclude the tank 50 from the coolant circulation.
- the valves 32a and 32b are closed. The position of the three-way valves 46,
- the climatic circuit 4 operates as a heat pump whose cold sources are fed on the one hand at the level of the condenser-evaporator 43 by the air outside the vehicle, and on the other hand at the level of the condenser-evaporator 41 by the coolant. crossing the pipeline 3c.
- the advantage of the configuration of FIG. 15 with respect to that of FIG. 14 is that the total volume of the heat transfer fluid of the circuit including condenser-evaporator 41 is smaller, which leads to a lower "dilution" of calories. recovered on the electric motor and on the battery.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a mode of operation of the thermal control system of FIGS. 1-15, this time in summer, when the outside temperature is higher than the desired temperature in the passenger compartment.
- This mode of operation can be implemented when the vehicle is stopped, connected to an external electrical network to recharge its battery.
- the climate circuit 4 is this time configured to operate in air-conditioning mode vis-à-vis the passenger compartment 33.
- the climate circuit 4 uses the condenser-evaporator 43 as a hot source and uses the evaporator condensers 40 and 42a cold source.
- the three-way valve 54 is positioned to allow the passage of refrigerant in the portion 58 of the circuit comprising the expander 9a and the condenser-evaporator 40, and to prevent on the contrary the passage of refrigerant in the portion
- the three-way valve 45 is positioned in such a way that the refrigerant bypasses the expansion valve 9b by the bypass portion 56.
- the climatic circuit 4 rejects calories to the outside air of the vehicle drawn through the condenser-evaporator 43 by means of the fan 24.
- the climate circuit 4 draws on the contrary calories, on the one hand, on the air of the passenger compartment 33 pulsed through the condenser-evaporator 40 by the fan 25, and secondly, on a thermal storage circuit, the circulation of the coolant in this thermal storage circuit being provided by the pump 5.
- the storage circuit The heat pump comprises, in particular, the pump 5 and the tank 50.
- the valve 32b is open, the valve 32a is closed, and the three-way valves 46, 47, 48, 49 are positioned so as to allow the circulation of the heat-transfer liquid in a double- loop formed on the one hand by the pipes Ib, 51b, 3b, 51a and on the other hand, by the pipes Ib, 51c, Ic and 53a.
- the pipe passes through the heat exchanger 11f temperature conditioning of the battery.
- the calories taken from the thermal storage circuit are used, on the one hand, to cool the heat-transfer liquid so as to have, after starting the vehicle, a reserve of "cold mass” restorable in particular to the air of the passenger compartment after starting the vehicle, and serve on the other hand, to cool the battery during charging. They also serve to lower the temperature of the passenger compartment to the desired level for the departure of the vehicle, through the heat exchanger 40.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an operating mode of the thermal regulation system 10 of FIGS. 1 to 16, which can be used when the vehicle has just started after having performed a preconditioning step according to the operating mode described in FIG. FIG. 17, the climate circuit 4 is deactivated, and the valves and the pumps of the coolant piping are all exactly in the same configuration as in the operating mode described in FIG. 12.
- these are frigories that are transferred to the air of the passenger compartment 33 when the coolant passes through the heat exchanger, instead of calories ceded in the operating mode of Figure 12.
- the cold stored in the liquid heat transfer allows to cool the air of the passenger compartment without using any other electrical energy than that necessary to actuate the pump 5 and the fan 25 .
- FIG. 17 illustrates an operating mode of the thermal regulation system 10 of FIGS. 1 to 16, which can be used when the vehicle has just started after having performed a preconditioning step according to the operating mode described in FIG. FIG. 17, the climate circuit 4 is deactivated, and the valves and the pumps of the coolant piping are all exactly in
- the climate circuit 4 is activated in cooling mode, that is to say that it is in the same configuration as in FIG. 16, the evaporator condenser 40 operating as a cold source and cooling the air of the passenger compartment 33
- the valve 32a is open, the valve 32b is closed.
- the three-way valves 46, 47, 48 and 49 are positioned so as to establish three independent loops of coolant circulation.
- the first loop comprises pipes Ib, 51c, Ic, 53a, the circulation of coolant in this loop is provided by the pump 5.
- the calories are taken from this loop by the climate circuit 4 through the condenser-evaporator 42a and serve to cool the battery through the heat exchanger ll f.
- the second loop comprises the pipes 2b, 52a, 2a, 52b, and the pipe between the three-way valves 47 and 48.
- the heat transfer liquid circulation in this loop is provided by the pump 7.
- the coolant passes through the radiator 13 where it is cooled by the outside air drawn by the fan 24, then the exchanger 12 for conditioning the temperature of the electric motor, before returning to the pump 7.
- the third loop comprises the pipes 51b, 3a, 51a and 3c.
- the flow of coolant in this loop is provided by the pump 6, and the heat exchange between this loop and the climate circuit 4 is through the condenser-evaporator 41.
- the configuration of FIG. 18 can be of interest as long as the temperature of the heat transfer liquid present in the tank 50 remains lower than that of the heat transfer liquid passing through the radiator 13, or at the temperature of the air outside the vehicle.
- the refrigerant vaporizes by taking heat from the condenser-evaporator 42a, passes through the compressor 8, passes through the condenser-evaporator 42b without significant heat exchange since the heat-transfer liquid does not flow in the pipe, and then the refrigerant is liquefied at the level of the condenser-evaporator 43 by yielding heat to the outside air pulsed by the fan 24, and can yield additional calories at the condenser-evaporator 41.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a mode of operation of the thermal regulation system 10 of FIGS. 1 to 18, which can be used in summer, for example when, after going through the operating mode of FIGS. 16 to 18, the temperature of the heat transfer liquids present in the tank 50 has become greater than that of the air outside the vehicle.
- the climate circuit 4 is in the cooling mode, that is to say in the same configuration as in FIG. 18, the valves 32a and 32b are closed, the three-way valves 46, 47, 48, 49 are positioned in such a way as to establish a single common heat transfer fluid circulation network, excluding the tank 50 and including the pipes I c, 2a, 3c, 2b.
- the circulation of the coolant can be provided by the pumps 6 and 7 or by one of the two pumps.
- the heat transfer liquid passes through the heat exchanger 12 of temperature conditioning of the engine, by the heat exchanger 11f of thermal conditioning of the battery, taking the calories released by the electric motor by the battery and also taking heat from the condenser -vaporator 41.
- the coolant is then cooled through the radiator 13
- the climatic circuit 4 has two hot sources: the condenser-evaporator 43 traversed by the outside air to the vehicle drawn by the fan 24, and condenser-evaporator 41 through which the coolant liquid passes. at a temperature a priori slightly higher than that of the outside air.
- the second hot source constituted by the evaporator condenser 41 although being at a higher temperature than the air passing through the evaporator condenser 43, remains nevertheless interesting. to collect additional calories on the climate circuit 4.
- the refrigerant is then vaporized by passing through the expander 9a and the condenser-evaporator 40 to cool the air of the passenger compartment 33 through this condenser-evaporator.
- the refrigerant then passes through the condenser-evaporator 42b without significant heat exchange since the heat transfer liquid does not flow in the pipe l a.
- FIGS. 20 and 21 describe an embodiment of the invention in which a climatic circuit 4 is this time provided with a compressor 8 and a single expander 9, as well as a condenser 42b operating as a hot source and three evaporators 40, 42a and 43 still operating in a cold source vis-à-vis the climate circuit 4.
- the climatic circuit 4 comprises a hot half-loop 61 connecting the compressor 8 and the expander 9 and passing through the condenser 42b. Upstream of the inlet of the compressor 8, there is a three-way valve 66 connected to the expander 9 by two cold half-loops 62 and 63.
- the fluid arriving from the expander 9 first passes through the evaporator 42a and then, depending on the position of the valve 66, passes through the half loop 62 through the evaporator 40, or passes through the half-loop 63 through the evaporator 43. Arriving from the half-loop 62 or the half-loop 63 , the refrigerant then passes through the three-way valve 66 and arrives at the compressor 8.
- the evaporator 43 is heated by the outside air to the vehicle pulsed through the evaporator 43 by a fan 24.
- the evaporator 40 is disposed inside the passenger compartment 33 of the vehicle and is traversed by the air of the passenger compartment pulsed by a fan 25.
- the evaporator 42a and the condenser 42b are crossed by the pipes 71 and 72 of a network of pipes 70 able to transport the same heat transfer liquid, the circulation of the coolant in the pipe network 70 being provided by one or more of three pumps 5, 6 and 7.
- a heat exchanger 12 for temperature conditioning an electric motor In the network of pipes are interposed, on three different pipes, a heat exchanger 12 for temperature conditioning an electric motor, a heat exchanger 1 I f for temperature conditioning a battery of electric accumulator, and a radiator 13 of thermal exchange between the coolant and the air outside the vehicle.
- the radiator 13 is crossed by the outside air pulsed by the fan 24, and is provided with movable flaps 30.
- valves 32a and 32b for interrupting or restoring the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the pipe.
- At five nodes of the network of pipes there are three-way valves 64, 65, 67, 68, 69 which make it possible to establish circulation loops of the coolant, the circulation loops being able to be coupled or decoupled.
- the pump 5 is on the pipe 71 upstream of the evaporator 42a, the pump 6 is on the pipe 72 upstream of the condenser 42b, the pump 7 is on another pipe upstream of the radiator 13.
- the three-way valve 66 of the climate circuit 4 is positioned to send the refrigerant in the half-loop 63.
- the refrigerant does not circulate in the half-loop 62 through the passenger compartment.
- heat transfer liquid circulation loop is established between the pump 6, the condenser 42b and a heat exchanger I the disposed inside the passenger compartment 33. On this circulation loop is also arranged a CTP 27b resistor, which is here inactive .
- the calories taken from the refrigerant circuit 4 by the condenser 42b are transferred to the air of the passenger compartment drawn through the exchanger I by the fan 25. These calories are taken by the climate circuit 4, on the one hand, at the level of the evaporator 43 in contact with the air outside the vehicle, and, secondly, on the evaporator 42a in which passes heat transfer liquid arriving from three coupled circulation loops. One of these loops passes through the heat exchanger 12 for temperature conditioning of the engine, the other passes through the heat exchanger 11f for temperature conditioning of the battery, and the third passes through a tank 50 for storing the heat transfer liquid.
- the 20 is a winter mode of operation which makes it possible to heat the temperature of the passenger compartment by recovering the calories released by the electric motor and the battery, and by taking advantage of the calories previously stored in the vehicle. heat transfer liquid present in particular in the tank 50.
- the flaps 30 of the radiator 13 can be opened or closed, and the fan 24 could be activated or deactivated in order to use only the evaporator 42a. in a cold source or simultaneously use the evaporators 42a and 43 in a cold source.
- Figure 21 describes an operating mode of the thermal control system 10 of Figure 20, which can be used in summer when the desired temperature in the passenger compartment is lower than the temperature outside the vehicle.
- This operating mode can be used after having performed a pre-conditioning step of the system, for example while the vehicle is connected to an external electrical network in order to recharge its battery, and lowered the temperature of the heat transfer liquid present in the tank. 50 at a temperature below the temperature outside the vehicle.
- the pump 7 is active, the valve 32b is closed, the valve 32a is open and the three-way valves 64, 65, 67, 68, 69 are configured to establish an independent circulation loop of heat transfer fluid from the pump 7 to the heat exchanger 12 of temperature conditioning of the engine, then to the radiator 13 exchange with the air outside the vehicle.
- the flaps of the radiator 30 are open and the fan 24 draws outside air through the radiator 13.
- the three-way valves are also positioned so as to allow the establishment of another independent loop for the circulation of the coolant, ranging from the pump
- Another heat transfer liquid independent circulation loop is established from the pump 5 via a resistance CTP 27, then by the evaporator 42a, then by the heat exchanger 11f for temperature conditioning of the battery, before returning to the pump 5.
- the valve 66 of the climate circuit 4 is positioned to send the refrigerant through the half-loop 62 and the passenger compartment 33, that the refrigerant passes through the evaporator 40, after being first passed through the evaporator 42a.
- the refrigerant does not circulate in the half-loop 63 nor in the evaporator 43.
- the refrigerant, after passing through the expander 9, partially vaporizes in the evaporator 42a by lowering the temperature of the coolant of the circulation loop passing through the heat exchanger 11f temperature conditioning of the battery.
- the refrigerant then continues to vaporize by lowering the air temperature of the passenger compartment 33 pulsed by the fan 25 through the evaporator 40, thus lowering the air temperature of the passenger compartment, returns to the compressor 8.
- the compressor 8 returns the higher pressure refrigerant to the condenser 42b, where the refrigerant liquefies by yielding the calories it has stored to the "pre-cooled” heat transfer fluid through the storage tank 50.
- electric motor is therefore cooled independently of the operation of the climate circuit 4, and the air of the passenger compartment and the battery are cooled by means of the climatic circuit 4 whose performance is improved thanks to the frigories stored in the coolant passing through the tank 50 and the condenser 42b.
- This configuration can be of particular interest when the temperature of the coolant present in the tank 50 is greater than the desired air temperature in the habitable space, but nevertheless lower than the temperature of the coolant passing through the radiator 13.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, and may be subject to many variants.
- Other elements of the vehicle, in particular other electrical components may have heat exchanger or condenser-evaporator temperature conditioning.
- the invention can be applied to an exclusively electric propulsion vehicle, to a hybrid vehicle, or even to a vehicle having a heat engine, in order to reduce the total consumption of energy and therefore the fuel consumption of this vehicle. .
- Many other modes of operation can be applied including for the systems described in Figures 1 to 21.
- the step of recharging the battery can be accompanied by a starting up a climate circuit in an air-conditioning mode, in order to cool heat-exchange liquid circulating through a heat exchanger for temperature conditioning of the battery. This prevents overheating of the battery during the recharging phase, and avoids consuming additional energy, either to store calories and frigories in a larger volume of coolant, or to condition in temperature the air of the passenger compartment.
- the heat transfer liquid may be more generally replaced by a heat-exchange fluid capable of changing phase.
- the thermal regulation system makes it possible to manage the temperatures of both the passenger compartment and the engine compartment, by optimizing the recovery potential between the passenger compartment and the engine, calories or frigories by the heat pump, and maximizing the efficiency of the heat pump.
- the system also allows to store in the form of specific heat, before starting the vehicle, a certain amount of calories or frigories that will not, therefore, taken from the energy of the vehicle. drums. This improves both the total energy consumed and the autonomy of the vehicle.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201080044662.9A CN102548780B (zh) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-06-15 | 用于电力推进式机动车辆的总体热控制的系统 |
US13/389,345 US20120174602A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-06-15 | System for the overall control of heat for electrically propelled motor vehicle |
JP2012523361A JP5667630B2 (ja) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-06-15 | 電動自動車の熱の全体制御のためのシステム及び方法 |
EP10738008A EP2461993A1 (fr) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-06-15 | Système de régulation thermique globale pour véhicule automobile à propulsion électrique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0955566 | 2009-08-07 | ||
FR0955566A FR2948898B1 (fr) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Systeme de regulation thermique globale pour vehicule automobile a propulsion electrique. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011015734A1 true WO2011015734A1 (fr) | 2011-02-10 |
Family
ID=41527697
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2010/051184 WO2011015734A1 (fr) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-06-15 | Système de régulation thermique globale pour véhicule automobile à propulsion électrique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120174602A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2461993A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5667630B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102548780B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2948898B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011015734A1 (fr) |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2461992B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-07 | 2014-01-01 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Dispositif de thermorégulation pour véhicule à moteur |
JP2012224138A (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-11-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 冷却装置 |
US9612041B2 (en) | 2011-04-18 | 2017-04-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hybrid vehicle battery charging cooling apparatus |
EP2599651A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-05 | Magna E-Car Systems GmbH & Co OG | Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour une batterie de véhicule automobile et procédé de fonctionnement associé |
DE102012209370A1 (de) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erniedrigung der Lufttemperatur eines Motorraums eines Fahrzeugs |
FR2991382A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede pour abaisser la temperature de l'air dans l'enceinte d'un moteur d'un vehicule |
FR3074272A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-31 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit de gestion thermique d'un vehicule hybride ou electrique |
WO2019106258A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit de gestion thermique d'un vehicule hybride ou electrique |
CN111788437A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-10-16 | 法雷奥热系统公司 | 用于混合动力车辆或电动车辆的热管理的回路 |
CN111788437B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2022-04-08 | 法雷奥热系统公司 | 用于混合动力车辆或电动车辆的热管理的回路 |
US11479079B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2022-10-25 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit for the thermal management of a hybrid or electric vehicle |
EP3845402A1 (fr) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-07-07 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Dispositif de pompe à chaleur pour véhicule électrique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120174602A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
FR2948898A1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 |
EP2461993A1 (fr) | 2012-06-13 |
JP2013500903A (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
JP5667630B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
CN102548780A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
CN102548780B (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
FR2948898B1 (fr) | 2012-04-06 |
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